Checksum_Deprecation: add guiding document

Closes #50282.

Signed-off-by: Dominyk Tiller <[email protected]>

share/doc/homebrew/Checksum_Deprecation.md

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+# Checksum Deprecation
+
+During early 2015 Homebrew started the process of deprecating _SHA1_ for package
+integrity verification. Since then every formulae under the Homebrew organisation
+has been moved onto _SHA256_ verification; this includes both source packages
+and our precompiled packages (bottles).
+
+We also stopped supporting _MD5_ entirely. It was removed from core formulae in 2012 but until April 2015 if you tried to install a formula still using an
+_MD5_ checksum Homebrew wouldn't actively stop you.
+
+On _SHA1_ we added a `brew audit` check that flags _SHA1_ checksums as deprecated
+and requests that you use _SHA256_.
+
+We saw positive ecosystem engagement on moving from _MD5_ & _SHA1_ to the recommended _SHA256_ and thanks to that we're in a strong position to move forwards.
+
+## Moving forwards on SHA1.
+
+From March 20th 2016 we've stepped up the visibility of that notification & you'll start
+seeing deprecation warnings when installing _SHA1_-validated formula.
+If you see these please consider reporting it to where the formula originated.
+
+We're targeting **the end of September 2016** for _SHA1_ support removal,
+19 months after we started warning people to move away from it for verification.
+This will be enforced in the same way _MD5_ is today, by blocking the installation of that individual formula until the checksum is migrated.
+
+This means prior to that date custom taps, local custom formulae, etc
+need to be migrated to use _SHA256_.