feat(dag-builder): improve DAGBuilder

[glevco]

Motivation

This PR cherry-picks some DAGBuilder improvements from our private repo.

Acceptance Criteria

• Introduce DAGArtifacts.get_typed_vertex, get_typed_vertices, propagate_with convenience methods.
• Add node name to vertex objects, to aid debugging.
• Improve syntax docs.

Checklist

• If you are requesting a merge into master, confirm this code is production-ready and can be included in future releases as soon as it gets merged

[github-actions]

Bencher Report

Branch	feat/improve-dag-builder
Testbed	ubuntu-22.04

Click to view all benchmark results

Benchmark	Latency	Benchmark Result minutes (m) (Result Δ%)	Lower Boundary minutes (m) (Limit %)	Upper Boundary minutes (m) (Limit %)
sync-v2 (up to 20000 blocks)	📈 view plot 🚷 view threshold	1.54 (-5.69%) Baseline: 1.63	1.47 (95.43%)	1.80 (85.74%)

🐰 View full continuous benchmarking report in Bencher

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 84.38%. Comparing base (91e2bd8) to head (85d88dc).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1225      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   84.47%   84.38%   -0.09%     
==========================================
  Files         320      320              
  Lines       24559    24584      +25     
  Branches     3762     3767       +5     
==========================================
- Hits        20747    20746       -1     
- Misses       3077     3093      +16     
- Partials      735      745      +10     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.