Support projections

[BentsiLeviav]

Summary

close #319

This PR introduces support for projections in dbt-clickhouse. Projections are added to the table and distributed_table materializations as a model setting. For distributed tables, the projection is applied to the _local tables, not to the distributed proxy table.

Tests

I added a test for each materialization. During test development, I encountered two challenges:

1. To verify that the projection was used by the query, we need to query system.query_log. However, this table takes time to create, which necessitates adding a sleep statement.
2. Currently, there's no straightforward way to pass a query_id parameter to ClickHouse, making it difficult to retrieve the exact query I want to check. As a workaround, I queried system.query_log using a LIKE statement.

[BentsiLeviav]

Writing it here for community awareness - the feature was added both for table and distributed_table materialization, but it doesn't fully function with distributed_table. I marked the distributed test with @pytest.mark.xfail.

[arun11299]

@BentsiLeviav Would this be a problem when using Clickhouse Cloud ? Also can you please add an example configuration too ?

[BentsiLeviav]

@arun11299 it is supposed to work on ClickHouse Cloud with no problems.
For an example please refer to this changelog update
https://github.com/ClickHouse/dbt-clickhouse/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#release-182-2024-08-22