Build AuthenticationRecord from id token when client_info unavailable

[chlowell]

ADFS doesn't return client_info in authentication responses, so we'll need to follow MSAL's lead and get the data we need from an id token instead: https://github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-python/blob/1.3.0/msal/token_cache.py#L142-L144