[Core] Use optimistic locking for service principal entry reads

[jiasli]

Partially fix #20273 (fix for MSAL token cache is done by AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-extensions-for-python#100)
Ported from AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-extensions-for-python#100

Context

Sometimes, read operation is slow. This can be simulated by inserting

import time
time.sleep(5)

statements before

azure-cli/src/azure-cli-core/azure/cli/core/auth/persistence.py

Line 66 in 1f560eb

return json.loads(self._persistence.load())

In such case, concurrent reads can lead to exception:

# PowerShell
0..1000 | `
    Foreach-Object -Parallel {
        python -m azure.cli account get-access-token
    }

...
  File "D:\cli\py310\lib\site-packages\portalocker\utils.py", line 158, in acquire
    raise exceptions.LockException(exception)
portalocker.exceptions.LockException: (1, 'Permission denied')

Change

This PR ports the change from AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-extensions-for-python#100 to use optimistic locking for service principal entry reads.

Concurrent reads now won't trigger any exception.

Testing Guide

# PowerShell
0..1000 | `
    Foreach-Object -Parallel {
        python -m azure.cli account get-access-token
    }

[yonzhan]

Auth

[jiasli]

/azp run

[azure-pipelines]

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