#Apache SINGA

Distributed deep learning system

##Project Website

All the details can be found in Project Website, including the following instructions.

##Mailing Lists

• Development Mailing List(Archive)
• Commits Mailing List(Archive)

<a name="Dependencies" ##Dependencies The current code depends on the following external libraries:

• glog (New BSD)
• google-protobuf (New BSD)
• openblas (New BSD)
• zeromq (LGPLv3 + static link exception)
• czmq (Mozilla Public License Version 2.0)
• zookeeper (Apache 2.0)

You can install all dependencies into $PREFIX folder by

./thirdparty/install.sh all $PREFIX

If $PREFIX is not a system path (e.g., /usr/local/), please export the following variables to continue the building instructions,

$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PREFIX/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$ export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$PREFIX/include:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
$ export LIBRARY_PATH=$PREFIX/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH
$ export PATH=$PREFIX/bin:$PATH

##Documentation

Full documentation is available online at Official Documentation.

##Building SINGA

Please make sure you have g++ >= 4.8.1 before building SINGA.

$ ./autogen.sh (optional)
# refer to the FAQs below for errors during configure, including blas_segmm() error
$ ./configure 
# refer to the FAQs below for error during make 
$ make

##Running Examples

Let us train the CNN model over the CIFAR-10 dataset without parallelism as an example. The hyper-parameters are set following cuda-convnet. More details about this example are available at CNN example.

First, download the dataset and create data shards:

$ cd examples/cifar10/
$ cp Makefile.example Makefile
$ make download
$ make create

If it reports errors due to library missing, e.g., libopenblas or libprotobuf, please export the environment variables shown in the Dependencies section and continue with the following instructions,

# delete the newly created folders
$ rm -rf cifar10_t*
$ make create

Next, start the training:

$ cd ../../
$ ./bin/zk-service.sh start
$ ./bin/singa-run.sh -conf examples/cifar10/job.conf

Now we just need to wait until it is done!

##LICENSE

Apache SINGA is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

For additional information, see the LICENSE and NOTICE files.

FAQ

• Q1:I get error ./configure --> cannot find blas_segmm() function even I have installed OpenBLAS.

  A1: This means the compiler cannot find the OpenBLAS library. If you have installed OpenBLAS via apt-get install, then export the path to $LD_LIBRARY_PATH (e.g. /usr/lib/openblas-base). If you installed it with ./thirdparty/install.sh, then export the correct path based on $PREFIX (e.g. /opt/OpenBLAS/lib):

  # using apt-get install for openblas	
  $ export LIBRARY_PATH=$PATH_TO_OPENBLAS_LIB:$LIBRARY_PATH
  
  # using ./thirdparty/install.sh for openblas:
  $ export LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/OpenBLAS/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH
  

• Q2: I get error cblas.h no such file or directory exists.

  A2: You need to include the folder containing cblas.h into $CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH, e.g.,

  $ export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$PREFIX/include:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
  # e.g.,
  $ export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/opt/OpenBLAS/include:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
  # then reconfigure and make SINGA
  $ ./configure
  $ make
  

• Q3: When compiling, I get error SSE2 instruction set not enabled

  A3: You can try following command:

  $ make CFLAGS='-msse2' CXXFLAGS='-msse2'
  

• Q4: I get ImportError: cannot import name enum_type_wrapper from google.protobuf.internal when I try to import .py files.

  A4: After installing protobuf by make install, we should install python runtime libraries. Go to protobuf source directory, run:

  $ cd /PROTOBUF/SOURCE/FOLDER
  $ cd python
  $ python setup.py build
  $ python setup.py install
  

  You may need sudo when you try to install python runtime libraries in the system folder.

• Q5: I get a linking error caused by gflags.

  A5: SINGA does not depend on gflags. But you may have installed the glog with gflags. In that case you can reinstall glog using thirdparty/install.sh into a another folder and export the $LDFLAGS and $CPPFLAGS to include that folder.

• Q6: While compiling SINGA and installing glog on mac OS X, I get fatal error 'ext/slist' file not found

  A6: Please install glog individually and try :

  $ make CFLAGS='-stdlib=libstdc++' CXXFLAGS='stdlib=libstdc++'
  

• Q7: When I start a training job, it reports error related to ZOO_ERROR...zk retcode=-4....

  A7: This is because zookeeper is not started. Please start the service

  $ ./bin/zk-service start
  

  If the error still exists, probably that you do not have java. You can simple check it by

  $ java --version
  

• Q8: When I build OpenBLAS from source, I am told that I need a fortran compiler.

  A8: You can compile OpenBLAS by

  $ make ONLY_CBLAS=1
  

  or install it using

  $ sudo apt-get install openblas-dev
  

  or

  $ sudo yum install openblas-devel
  

  It is worth noting that you need root access to run the last two commands. Remember to set the environment variables to include the header and library paths of OpenBLAS after installation (please refer to the Dependencies section).

• Q9: When I build protocol buffer, it reports that GLIBC++_3.4.20 not found in /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.

  A9: This means the linker found libstdc++.so.6 but that library belongs to an older version of GCC than was used to compile and link the program. The program depends on code defined in the newer libstdc++ that belongs to the newer version of GCC, so the linker must be told how to find the newer libstdc++ shared library. The simplest way to fix this is to find the correct libstdc++ and export it to $LD_LIBRARY_PATH. For example, if GLIBC++_3.4.20 is listed in the output of the following command,

  $ strings /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6|grep GLIBC++
  

  then just set your environment variable as

  $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH