lodash.js

/**
 * @license
 * lodash 4.0.0-pre <https://lodash.com/>
 * Copyright 2012-2015 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
 * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
 * Copyright 2009-2015 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
 * Available under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
 */
;(function() {

  /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre-ES5 environments. */
  var undefined;

  /** Used as the semantic version number. */
  var VERSION = '4.0.0-pre';

  /** Used to compose bitmasks for wrapper metadata. */
  var BIND_FLAG = 1,
      BIND_KEY_FLAG = 2,
      CURRY_BOUND_FLAG = 4,
      CURRY_FLAG = 8,
      CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG = 16,
      PARTIAL_FLAG = 32,
      PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG = 64,
      ARY_FLAG = 128,
      REARG_FLAG = 256,
      FLIP_FLAG = 512;

  /** Used to compose bitmasks for comparison styles. */
  var UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG = 1,
      PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG = 2;

  /** Used as default options for `_.truncate`. */
  var DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH = 30,
      DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION = '...';

  /** Used to detect when a function becomes hot. */
  var HOT_COUNT = 150,
      HOT_SPAN = 16;

  /** Used as the size to enable large array optimizations. */
  var LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE = 200;

  /** Used to indicate the type of lazy iteratees. */
  var LAZY_FILTER_FLAG = 1,
      LAZY_MAP_FLAG = 2,
      LAZY_WHILE_FLAG = 3;

  /** Used as the `TypeError` message for "Functions" methods. */
  var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';

  /** Used to stand-in for `undefined` hash values. */
  var HASH_UNDEFINED = '__lodash_hash_undefined__';

  /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
  var INFINITY = 1 / 0,
      MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991,
      MAX_INTEGER = 1.7976931348623157e+308,
      NAN = 0 / 0;

  /** Used as references for the maximum length and index of an array. */
  var MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = 4294967295,
      MAX_ARRAY_INDEX = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH - 1,
      HALF_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH >>> 1;

  /** Used as the internal argument placeholder. */
  var PLACEHOLDER = '__lodash_placeholder__';

  /** `Object#toString` result references. */
  var argsTag = '[object Arguments]',
      arrayTag = '[object Array]',
      boolTag = '[object Boolean]',
      dateTag = '[object Date]',
      errorTag = '[object Error]',
      funcTag = '[object Function]',
      genTag = '[object GeneratorFunction]',
      mapTag = '[object Map]',
      numberTag = '[object Number]',
      objectTag = '[object Object]',
      regexpTag = '[object RegExp]',
      setTag = '[object Set]',
      stringTag = '[object String]',
      weakMapTag = '[object WeakMap]';

  var arrayBufferTag = '[object ArrayBuffer]',
      float32Tag = '[object Float32Array]',
      float64Tag = '[object Float64Array]',
      int8Tag = '[object Int8Array]',
      int16Tag = '[object Int16Array]',
      int32Tag = '[object Int32Array]',
      uint8Tag = '[object Uint8Array]',
      uint8ClampedTag = '[object Uint8ClampedArray]',
      uint16Tag = '[object Uint16Array]',
      uint32Tag = '[object Uint32Array]';

  /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source. */
  var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
      reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
      reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;

  /** Used to match HTML entities and HTML characters. */
  var reEscapedHtml = /&(?:amp|lt|gt|quot|#39|#96);/g,
      reUnescapedHtml = /[&<>"'`]/g,
      reHasEscapedHtml = RegExp(reEscapedHtml.source),
      reHasUnescapedHtml = RegExp(reUnescapedHtml.source);

  /** Used to match template delimiters. */
  var reEscape = /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
      reEvaluate = /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
      reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;

  /** Used to match property names within property paths. */
  var reIsDeepProp = /\.|\[(?:[^[\]]*|(["'])(?:(?!\1)[^\\]|\\.)*?\1)\]/,
      reIsPlainProp = /^\w*$/,
      rePropName = /[^.[\]]+|\[(?:(-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)|(["'])((?:(?!\2)[^\\]|\\.)*?)\2)\]/g;

  /** Used to match `RegExp` [syntax characters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-patterns). */
  var reRegExpChar = /[\\^$.*+?()[\]{}|]/g,
      reHasRegExpChar = RegExp(reRegExpChar.source);

  /** Used to match backslashes in property paths. */
  var reEscapeChar = /\\(\\)?/g;

  /** Used to match [ES template delimiters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-template-literal-lexical-components). */
  var reEsTemplate = /\$\{([^\\}]*(?:\\.[^\\}]*)*)\}/g;

  /** Used to match `RegExp` flags from their coerced string values. */
  var reFlags = /\w*$/;

  /** Used to detect hexadecimal string values. */
  var reHasHexPrefix = /^0x/i;

  /** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */
  var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;

  /** Used to detect binary string values. */
  var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;

  /** Used to detect host constructors (Safari > 5). */
  var reIsHostCtor = /^\[object .+?Constructor\]$/;

  /** Used to detect octal string values. */
  var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;

  /** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */
  var reIsUint = /^(?:0|[1-9]\d*)$/;

  /** Used to match latin-1 supplementary letters (excluding mathematical operators). */
  var reLatin1 = /[\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xde\xdf-\xf6\xf8-\xff]/g;

  /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters. */
  var reNoMatch = /($^)/;

  /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals. */
  var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\u2028\u2029\\]/g;

  /** Used to compose unicode character classes. */
  var rsAstralRange = '\\ud800-\\udfff',
      rsComboRange = '\\u0300-\\u036f\\ufe20-\\ufe23',
      rsDingbatRange = '\\u2700-\\u27bf',
      rsLowerRange = 'a-z\\xdf-\\xf6\\xf8-\\xff',
      rsMathOpRange = '\\xac\\xb1\\xd7\\xf7',
      rsNonCharRange = '\\x00-\\x2f\\x3a-\\x40\\x5b-\\x60\\x7b-\\xbf',
      rsQuoteRange = '\\u2018\\u2019\\u201c\\u201d',
      rsSpaceRange = ' \\t\\x0b\\f\\xa0\\ufeff\\n\\r\\u2028\\u2029\\u1680\\u180e\\u2000\\u2001\\u2002\\u2003\\u2004\\u2005\\u2006\\u2007\\u2008\\u2009\\u200a\\u202f\\u205f\\u3000',
      rsUpperRange = 'A-Z\\xc0-\\xd6\\xd8-\\xde',
      rsVarRange = '\\ufe0e\\ufe0f',
      rsBreakRange = rsMathOpRange + rsNonCharRange + rsQuoteRange + rsSpaceRange;

  /** Used to compose unicode capture groups. */
  var rsAstral = '[' + rsAstralRange + ']',
      rsBreak = '[' + rsBreakRange + ']',
      rsCombo = '[' + rsComboRange + ']',
      rsDigits = '\\d+',
      rsDingbat = '[' + rsDingbatRange + ']',
      rsLower = '[' + rsLowerRange + ']',
      rsMisc = '[^' + rsAstralRange + rsBreakRange + rsDigits + rsDingbatRange + rsLowerRange + rsUpperRange + ']',
      rsModifier = '(?:\\ud83c[\\udffb-\\udfff])',
      rsNonAstral = '[^' + rsAstralRange + ']',
      rsRegional = '(?:\\ud83c[\\udde6-\\uddff]){2}',
      rsSurrPair = '[\\ud800-\\udbff][\\udc00-\\udfff]',
      rsUpper = '[' + rsUpperRange + ']',
      rsZWJ = '\\u200d';

  /** Used to compose unicode regexes. */
  var rsLowerMisc = '(?:' + rsLower + '|' + rsMisc + ')',
      rsUpperMisc = '(?:' + rsUpper + '|' + rsMisc + ')',
      reOptMod = rsModifier + '?',
      rsOptVar = '[' + rsVarRange + ']?',
      rsOptJoin = '(?:' + rsZWJ + '(?:' + [rsNonAstral, rsRegional, rsSurrPair].join('|') + ')' + rsOptVar + reOptMod + ')*',
      rsSeq = rsOptVar + reOptMod + rsOptJoin,
      rsEmoji = '(?:' + [rsDingbat, rsRegional, rsSurrPair].join('|') + ')' + rsSeq,
      rsSymbol = '(?:' + [rsNonAstral + rsCombo + '?', rsCombo, rsRegional, rsSurrPair, rsAstral].join('|') + ')';

  /** Used to match [combining diacritical marks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_Diacritical_Marks). */
  var reComboMark = RegExp(rsCombo, 'g');

  /** Used to match [string symbols](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-unicode). */
  var reComplexSymbol = RegExp(rsSymbol + rsSeq, 'g');

  /** Used to detect strings with [zero-width joiners or code points from the astral planes](http://eev.ee/blog/2015/09/12/dark-corners-of-unicode/). */
  var reHasComplexSymbol = RegExp('[' + rsZWJ + rsAstralRange + rsComboRange + rsVarRange + ']');

  /** Used to match non-compound words composed of alphanumeric characters. */
  var reBasicWord = /[a-zA-Z0-9]+/g;

  /** Used to match complex or compound words. */
  var reComplexWord = RegExp([
    rsUpper + '?' + rsLower + '+(?=' + [rsBreak, rsUpper, '$'].join('|') + ')',
    rsUpperMisc + '+(?=' + [rsBreak, rsUpper + rsLowerMisc, '$'].join('|') + ')',
    rsUpper + '?' + rsLowerMisc + '+',
    rsDigits + '(?:' + rsLowerMisc + '+)?',
    rsEmoji
  ].join('|'), 'g');

  /** Used to detect strings that need a more robust regexp to match words. */
  var reHasComplexWord = /[a-z][A-Z]|[0-9][a-zA-Z]|[a-zA-Z][0-9]|[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]/;

  /** Used to assign default `context` object properties. */
  var contextProps = [
    'Array', 'Date', 'Error', 'Float32Array', 'Float64Array', 'Function',
    'Int8Array', 'Int16Array', 'Int32Array', 'Math', 'Object', 'Reflect',
    'RegExp', 'Set', 'String', 'Symbol', 'TypeError', 'Uint8Array',
    'Uint8ClampedArray', 'Uint16Array', 'Uint32Array', 'WeakMap', '_',
    'clearTimeout', 'isFinite', 'parseFloat', 'parseInt', 'setTimeout'
  ];

  /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify. */
  var templateCounter = -1;

  /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values of typed arrays. */
  var typedArrayTags = {};
  typedArrayTags[float32Tag] = typedArrayTags[float64Tag] =
  typedArrayTags[int8Tag] = typedArrayTags[int16Tag] =
  typedArrayTags[int32Tag] = typedArrayTags[uint8Tag] =
  typedArrayTags[uint8ClampedTag] = typedArrayTags[uint16Tag] =
  typedArrayTags[uint32Tag] = true;
  typedArrayTags[argsTag] = typedArrayTags[arrayTag] =
  typedArrayTags[arrayBufferTag] = typedArrayTags[boolTag] =
  typedArrayTags[dateTag] = typedArrayTags[errorTag] =
  typedArrayTags[funcTag] = typedArrayTags[mapTag] =
  typedArrayTags[numberTag] = typedArrayTags[objectTag] =
  typedArrayTags[regexpTag] = typedArrayTags[setTag] =
  typedArrayTags[stringTag] = typedArrayTags[weakMapTag] = false;

  /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values supported by `_.clone`. */
  var cloneableTags = {};
  cloneableTags[argsTag] = cloneableTags[arrayTag] =
  cloneableTags[arrayBufferTag] = cloneableTags[boolTag] =
  cloneableTags[dateTag] = cloneableTags[float32Tag] =
  cloneableTags[float64Tag] = cloneableTags[int8Tag] =
  cloneableTags[int16Tag] = cloneableTags[int32Tag] =
  cloneableTags[mapTag] = cloneableTags[numberTag] =
  cloneableTags[objectTag] = cloneableTags[regexpTag] =
  cloneableTags[setTag] = cloneableTags[stringTag] =
  cloneableTags[uint8Tag] = cloneableTags[uint8ClampedTag] =
  cloneableTags[uint16Tag] = cloneableTags[uint32Tag] = true;
  cloneableTags[errorTag] = cloneableTags[funcTag] =
  cloneableTags[weakMapTag] = false;

  /** Used to map latin-1 supplementary letters to basic latin letters. */
  var deburredLetters = {
    '\xc0': 'A',  '\xc1': 'A', '\xc2': 'A', '\xc3': 'A', '\xc4': 'A', '\xc5': 'A',
    '\xe0': 'a',  '\xe1': 'a', '\xe2': 'a', '\xe3': 'a', '\xe4': 'a', '\xe5': 'a',
    '\xc7': 'C',  '\xe7': 'c',
    '\xd0': 'D',  '\xf0': 'd',
    '\xc8': 'E',  '\xc9': 'E', '\xca': 'E', '\xcb': 'E',
    '\xe8': 'e',  '\xe9': 'e', '\xea': 'e', '\xeb': 'e',
    '\xcC': 'I',  '\xcd': 'I', '\xce': 'I', '\xcf': 'I',
    '\xeC': 'i',  '\xed': 'i', '\xee': 'i', '\xef': 'i',
    '\xd1': 'N',  '\xf1': 'n',
    '\xd2': 'O',  '\xd3': 'O', '\xd4': 'O', '\xd5': 'O', '\xd6': 'O', '\xd8': 'O',
    '\xf2': 'o',  '\xf3': 'o', '\xf4': 'o', '\xf5': 'o', '\xf6': 'o', '\xf8': 'o',
    '\xd9': 'U',  '\xda': 'U', '\xdb': 'U', '\xdc': 'U',
    '\xf9': 'u',  '\xfa': 'u', '\xfb': 'u', '\xfc': 'u',
    '\xdd': 'Y',  '\xfd': 'y', '\xff': 'y',
    '\xc6': 'Ae', '\xe6': 'ae',
    '\xde': 'Th', '\xfe': 'th',
    '\xdf': 'ss'
  };

  /** Used to map characters to HTML entities. */
  var htmlEscapes = {
    '&': '&amp;',
    '<': '&lt;',
    '>': '&gt;',
    '"': '&quot;',
    "'": '&#39;',
    '`': '&#96;'
  };

  /** Used to map HTML entities to characters. */
  var htmlUnescapes = {
    '&amp;': '&',
    '&lt;': '<',
    '&gt;': '>',
    '&quot;': '"',
    '&#39;': "'",
    '&#96;': '`'
  };

  /** Used to determine if values are of the language type `Object`. */
  var objectTypes = {
    'function': true,
    'object': true
  };

  /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals. */
  var stringEscapes = {
    '\\': '\\',
    "'": "'",
    '\n': 'n',
    '\r': 'r',
    '\u2028': 'u2028',
    '\u2029': 'u2029'
  };

  /** Detect free variable `exports`. */
  var freeExports = (objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType) ? exports : null;

  /** Detect free variable `module`. */
  var freeModule = (objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType) ? module : null;

  /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */
  var freeGlobal = checkGlobal(freeExports && freeModule && typeof global == 'object' && global);

  /** Detect free variable `self`. */
  var freeSelf = checkGlobal(objectTypes[typeof self] && self);

  /** Detect free variable `window`. */
  var freeWindow = checkGlobal(objectTypes[typeof window] && window);

  /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports`. */
  var moduleExports = (freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports) ? freeExports : null;

  /** Detect `this` as the global object. */
  var thisGlobal = checkGlobal(objectTypes[typeof this] && this);

  /**
   * Used as a reference to the global object.
   *
   * The `this` value is used if it's the global object to avoid Greasemonkey's
   * restricted `window` object, otherwise the `window` object is used.
   */
  var root = freeGlobal || ((freeWindow !== (thisGlobal && thisGlobal.window)) && freeWindow) || freeSelf || thisGlobal || Function('return this')();

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Adds the key-value `pair` to `map`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} map The map to modify.
   * @param {Array} pair The key-value pair to add.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `map`.
   */
  function addMapEntry(map, pair) {
    map.set(pair[0], pair[1]);
    return map;
  }

  /**
   * Adds `value` to `set`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} set The set to modify.
   * @param {*} value The value to add.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `set`.
   */
  function addSetEntry(set, value) {
    set.add(value);
    return set;
  }

  /**
   * A faster alternative to `Function#apply`, this function invokes `func`
   * with the `this` binding of `thisArg` and the arguments of `args`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to invoke.
   * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke `func` with.
   * @returns {*} Returns the result of `func`.
   */
  function apply(func, thisArg, args) {
    switch (args.length) {
      case 1: return func.call(thisArg, args[0]);
      case 2: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1]);
      case 3: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
    }
    return func.apply(thisArg, args);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new array concatenating `array` with `other`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The first array to concatenate.
   * @param {Array} other The second array to concatenate.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new concatenated array.
   */
  function arrayConcat(array, other) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length,
        othIndex = -1,
        othLength = other.length,
        result = Array(length + othLength);

    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = array[index];
    }
    while (++othIndex < othLength) {
      result[index++] = other[othIndex];
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.forEach` for arrays without support for
   * callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  function arrayEach(array, iteratee) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (iteratee(array[index], index, array) === false) {
        break;
      }
    }
    return array;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.forEachRight` for arrays without support for
   * callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  function arrayEachRight(array, iteratee) {
    var length = array.length;

    while (length--) {
      if (iteratee(array[length], length, array) === false) {
        break;
      }
    }
    return array;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.every` for arrays without support for
   * callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check, else `false`.
   */
  function arrayEvery(array, predicate) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (!predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.filter` for arrays without support for
   * callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
   */
  function arrayFilter(array, predicate) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length,
        resIndex = -1,
        result = [];

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index];
      if (predicate(value, index, array)) {
        result[++resIndex] = value;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.includes` for arrays without support for
   * specifying an index to search from.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} target The value to search for.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `target` is found, else `false`.
   */
  function arrayIncludes(array, value) {
    return !!array.length && baseIndexOf(array, value, 0) > -1;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.includesWith` for arrays without support for
   * specifying an index to search from.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} target The value to search for.
   * @param {Function} comparator The comparator invoked per element.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `target` is found, else `false`.
   */
  function arrayIncludesWith(array, value, comparator) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (comparator(value, array[index])) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for callback
   * shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
   */
  function arrayMap(array, iteratee) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length,
        result = Array(length);

    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Appends the elements of `values` to `array`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
   * @param {Array} values The values to append.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  function arrayPush(array, values) {
    var index = -1,
        length = values.length,
        offset = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      array[offset + index] = values[index];
    }
    return array;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.reduce` for arrays without support for
   * callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
   * @param {boolean} [initFromArray] Specify using the first element of `array` as the initial value.
   * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
   */
  function arrayReduce(array, iteratee, accumulator, initFromArray) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    if (initFromArray && length) {
      accumulator = array[++index];
    }
    while (++index < length) {
      accumulator = iteratee(accumulator, array[index], index, array);
    }
    return accumulator;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.reduceRight` for arrays without support for
   * callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
   * @param {boolean} [initFromArray] Specify using the last element of `array` as the initial value.
   * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
   */
  function arrayReduceRight(array, iteratee, accumulator, initFromArray) {
    var length = array.length;
    if (initFromArray && length) {
      accumulator = array[--length];
    }
    while (length--) {
      accumulator = iteratee(accumulator, array[length], length, array);
    }
    return accumulator;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.some` for arrays without support for callback
   * shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check, else `false`.
   */
  function arraySome(array, predicate) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * Assigns `value` to `key` of `object` if the existing value is not equivalent
   * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * for equality comparisons.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
   * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign.
   * @param {*} value The value to assign.
   */
  function assignValue(object, key, value) {
    var oldValue = object[key];
    if ((value === value ? (value !== oldValue) : (oldValue === oldValue)) ||
        (value === undefined && !(key in object))) {
      object[key] = value;
    }
  }

  /**
   * This function is like `assignValue` except that it doesn't assign `undefined` values.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
   * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign.
   * @param {*} value The value to assign.
   */
  function assignMergeValue(object, key, value) {
    var oldValue = object[key];
    if ((value !== undefined &&
          (value === value ? (value !== oldValue) : (oldValue === oldValue))) ||
        (typeof key == 'number' &&
          value === undefined && !(key in object))) {
      object[key] = value;
    }
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of methods like `_.max` and `_.min` which accepts a
   * `comparator` to determine the extremum value.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The iteratee invoked per iteration.
   * @param {Function} comparator The comparator used to compare values.
   * @returns {*} Returns the extremum value.
   */
  function baseExtremum(array, iteratee, comparator) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index],
          current = iteratee(value);

      if (current != null && (computed === undefined
            ? current === current
            : comparator(current, computed)
          )) {
        var computed = current,
            result = value;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of methods like `_.find` and `_.findKey`, without
   * support for callback shorthands, which iterates over `collection` using
   * the provided `eachFunc`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to search.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
   * @param {boolean} [retKey] Specify returning the key of the found element instead of the element itself.
   * @returns {*} Returns the found element or its key, else `undefined`.
   */
  function baseFind(collection, predicate, eachFunc, retKey) {
    var result;
    eachFunc(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
      if (predicate(value, key, collection)) {
        result = retKey ? key : value;
        return false;
      }
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.findIndex` and `_.findLastIndex` without
   * support for callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
   */
  function baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromRight) {
    var length = array.length,
        index = fromRight ? length : -1;

    while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
      if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without `fromIndex` bounds checks.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
   */
  function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
    if (value !== value) {
      return indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex);
    }
    var index = fromIndex - 1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (array[index] === value) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.pairs` and `_.pairsIn` which creates an array
   * of key-value pairs for `object` corresponding to the property names of `props`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new array of key-value pairs.
   */
  function basePairs(object, props) {
    return arrayMap(props, function(key) {
      return [key, object[key]];
    });
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight`, without support
   * for callback shorthands, which iterates over `collection` using the provided
   * `eachFunc`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {*} accumulator The initial value.
   * @param {boolean} initFromCollection Specify using the first or last element of `collection` as the initial value.
   * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
   * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
   */
  function baseReduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initFromCollection, eachFunc) {
    eachFunc(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      accumulator = initFromCollection
        ? (initFromCollection = false, value)
        : iteratee(accumulator, value, index, collection);
    });
    return accumulator;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.sortBy` which uses `comparer` to define
   * the sort order of `array` and replaces criteria objects with their
   * corresponding values.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to sort.
   * @param {Function} comparer The function to define sort order.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  function baseSortBy(array, comparer) {
    var length = array.length;

    array.sort(comparer);
    while (length--) {
      array[length] = array[length].value;
    }
    return array;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.sum` without support for callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
   */
  function baseSum(array, iteratee) {
    var result,
        index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var current = iteratee(array[index]);
      if (current === current && current != null) {
        result = result === undefined ? current : (result + current);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.times` without support for callback shorthands
   * or max array length checks.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
   */
  function baseTimes(n, iteratee) {
    var index = -1,
        result = Array(n);

    while (++index < n) {
      result[index] = iteratee(index);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.unary` without support for storing wrapper metadata.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
   */
  function baseUnary(func) {
    return function(value) {
      return func(value);
    };
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.values` and `_.valuesIn` which creates an
   * array of `object` property values corresponding to the property names
   * of `props`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the array of property values.
   */
  function baseValues(object, props) {
    return arrayMap(props, function(key) {
      return object[key];
    });
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimLeft` to get the index of the first string symbol
   * that is not found in the character symbols.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} strSymbols The string symbols to inspect.
   * @param {Array} chrSymbols The character symbols to find.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the first unmatched string symbol.
   */
  function charsLeftIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) {
    var index = -1,
        length = strSymbols.length;

    while (++index < length && baseIndexOf(chrSymbols, strSymbols[index], 0) > -1) {}
    return index;
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimRight` to get the index of the last string symbol
   * that is not found in the character symbols.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} strSymbols The string symbols to inspect.
   * @param {Array} chrSymbols The character symbols to find.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last unmatched string symbol.
   */
  function charsRightIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) {
    var index = strSymbols.length;

    while (index-- && baseIndexOf(chrSymbols, strSymbols[index], 0) > -1) {}
    return index;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a global object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {null|Object} Returns `value` if it's a global object, else `null`.
   */
  function checkGlobal(value) {
    return (value && value.Object === Object) ? value : null;
  }

  /**
   * Compares values to sort them in ascending order.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to compare.
   * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
   * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `value`.
   */
  function compareAscending(value, other) {
    if (value !== other) {
      var valIsNull = value === null,
          valIsUndef = value === undefined,
          valIsReflexive = value === value;

      var othIsNull = other === null,
          othIsUndef = other === undefined,
          othIsReflexive = other === other;

      if ((value > other && !othIsNull) || !valIsReflexive ||
          (valIsNull && !othIsUndef && othIsReflexive) ||
          (valIsUndef && othIsReflexive)) {
        return 1;
      }
      if ((value < other && !valIsNull) || !othIsReflexive ||
          (othIsNull && !valIsUndef && valIsReflexive) ||
          (othIsUndef && valIsReflexive)) {
        return -1;
      }
    }
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.sortByOrder` to compare multiple properties of a value to another
   * and stable sort them.
   *
   * If `orders` is unspecified, all valuess are sorted in ascending order. Otherwise,
   * a value is sorted in ascending order if its corresponding order is "asc", and
   * descending if "desc".
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
   * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
   * @param {boolean[]|string[]} orders The order to sort by for each property.
   * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `object`.
   */
  function compareMultiple(object, other, orders) {
    var index = -1,
        objCriteria = object.criteria,
        othCriteria = other.criteria,
        length = objCriteria.length,
        ordersLength = orders.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var result = compareAscending(objCriteria[index], othCriteria[index]);
      if (result) {
        if (index >= ordersLength) {
          return result;
        }
        var order = orders[index];
        return result * (order === 'asc' ? 1 : -1);
      }
    }
    // Fixes an `Array#sort` bug in the JS engine embedded in Adobe applications
    // that causes it, under certain circumstances, to provide the same value for
    // `object` and `other`. See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247
    // for more details.
    //
    // This also ensures a stable sort in V8 and other engines.
    // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90 for more details.
    return object.index - other.index;
  }

  /**
   * Copies the values of `source` to `array`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} source The array to copy values from.
   * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to copy values to.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  function copyArray(source, array) {
    var index = -1,
        length = source.length;

    array || (array = Array(length));
    while (++index < length) {
      array[index] = source[index];
    }
    return array;
  }

  /**
   * Copies properties of `source` to `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} source The object to copy properties from.
   * @param {Array} props The property names to copy.
   * @param {Object} [object={}] The object to copy properties to.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   */
  function copyObject(source, props, object) {
    return copyObjectWith(source, props, object);
  }

  /**
   * This function is like `copyObject` except that it accepts a function to
   * customize copied values.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} source The object to copy properties from.
   * @param {Array} props The property names to copy.
   * @param {Object} [object={}] The object to copy properties to.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize copied values.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   */
  function copyObjectWith(source, props, object, customizer) {
    object || (object = {});

    var index = -1,
        length = props.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var key = props[index],
          newValue = customizer ? customizer(object[key], source[key], key, object, source) : source[key];

      assignValue(object, key, newValue);
    }
    return object;
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.deburr` to convert latin-1 supplementary letters to basic latin letters.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} letter The matched letter to deburr.
   * @returns {string} Returns the deburred letter.
   */
  function deburrLetter(letter) {
    return deburredLetters[letter];
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
   */
  function escapeHtmlChar(chr) {
    return htmlEscapes[chr];
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
   */
  function escapeStringChar(chr) {
    return '\\' + stringEscapes[chr];
  }

  /**
   * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `NaN` is found in `array`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched `NaN`, else `-1`.
   */
  function indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex, fromRight) {
    var length = array.length,
        index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 0 : -1);

    while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
      var other = array[index];
      if (other !== other) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a host object in IE < 9.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a host object, else `false`.
   */
  function isHostObject(value) {
    // Many host objects are `Object` objects that can coerce to strings
    // despite having improperly defined `toString` methods.
    var result = false;
    if (value != null && typeof value.toString != 'function') {
      try {
        result = !!(value + '');
      } catch (e) {}
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.
   */
  function isIndex(value, length) {
    value = (typeof value == 'number' || reIsUint.test(value)) ? +value : -1;
    length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : length;
    return value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length;
  }

  /**
   * Used by `trimmedLeftIndex` and `trimmedRightIndex` to determine if a
   * character code is whitespace.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {number} charCode The character code to inspect.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `charCode` is whitespace, else `false`.
   */
  function isSpace(charCode) {
    return ((charCode <= 160 && (charCode >= 9 && charCode <= 13) || charCode == 32 || charCode == 160) || charCode == 5760 || charCode == 6158 ||
      (charCode >= 8192 && (charCode <= 8202 || charCode == 8232 || charCode == 8233 || charCode == 8239 || charCode == 8287 || charCode == 12288 || charCode == 65279)));
  }

  /**
   * Converts `iterator` to an array.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} iterator The iterator to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
   */
  function iteratorToArray(iterator) {
    var data,
        result = [];

    while (!(data = iterator.next()).done) {
      result.push(data.value);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `map` to an array.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} map The map to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
   */
  function mapToArray(map) {
    var index = -1,
        result = Array(map.size);

    map.forEach(function(value, key) {
      result[++index] = [key, value];
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Replaces all `placeholder` elements in `array` with an internal placeholder
   * and returns an array of their indexes.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
   * @param {*} placeholder The placeholder to replace.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of placeholder indexes.
   */
  function replaceHolders(array, placeholder) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length,
        resIndex = -1,
        result = [];

    while (++index < length) {
      if (array[index] === placeholder) {
        array[index] = PLACEHOLDER;
        result[++resIndex] = index;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `set` to an array.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} set The set to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
   */
  function setToArray(set) {
    var index = -1,
        result = Array(set.size);

    set.forEach(function(value) {
      result[++index] = value;
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the number of symbols in `string`.
   *
   * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
   * @returns {number} Returns the string size.
   */
  function stringSize(string) {
    if (!(string && reHasComplexSymbol.test(string))) {
      return string.length;
    }
    var result = reComplexSymbol.lastIndex = 0;
    while (reComplexSymbol.test(string)) {
      result++;
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `string` to an array.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} string The string to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
   */
  function stringToArray(string) {
    return string ? string.match(reComplexSymbol) : [];
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimLeft` to get the index of the first non-whitespace
   * character of `string`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the first non-whitespace character.
   */
  function trimmedLeftIndex(string) {
    var index = -1,
        length = string.length;

    while (++index < length && isSpace(string.charCodeAt(index))) {}
    return index;
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimRight` to get the index of the last non-whitespace
   * character of `string`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last non-whitespace character.
   */
  function trimmedRightIndex(string) {
    var index = string.length;

    while (index-- && isSpace(string.charCodeAt(index))) {}
    return index;
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} chr The matched character to unescape.
   * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped character.
   */
  function unescapeHtmlChar(chr) {
    return htmlUnescapes[chr];
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Create a new pristine `lodash` function using the `context` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utility
   * @param {Object} [context=root] The context object.
   * @returns {Function} Returns a new `lodash` function.
   * @example
   *
   * _.mixin({ 'foo': _.constant('foo') });
   *
   * var lodash = _.runInContext();
   * lodash.mixin({ 'bar': lodash.constant('bar') });
   *
   * _.isFunction(_.foo);
   * // => true
   * _.isFunction(_.bar);
   * // => false
   *
   * lodash.isFunction(lodash.foo);
   * // => false
   * lodash.isFunction(lodash.bar);
   * // => true
   *
   * // using `context` to mock `Date#getTime` use in `_.now`
   * var mock = _.runInContext({
   *   'Date': function() {
   *     return { 'getTime': getTimeMock };
   *   }
   * });
   *
   * // or creating a suped-up `defer` in Node.js
   * var defer = _.runInContext({ 'setTimeout': setImmediate }).defer;
   */
  function runInContext(context) {
    context = context ? _.defaults({}, context, _.pick(root, contextProps)) : root;

    /** Built-in constructor references. */
    var Date = context.Date,
        Error = context.Error,
        Math = context.Math,
        RegExp = context.RegExp,
        TypeError = context.TypeError;

    /** Used for built-in method references. */
    var arrayProto = context.Array.prototype,
        objectProto = context.Object.prototype,
        stringProto = context.String.prototype;

    /** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */
    var fnToString = context.Function.prototype.toString;

    /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
    var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;

    /** Used to generate unique IDs. */
    var idCounter = 0;

    /** Used to infer the `Object` constructor. */
    var objCtorString = fnToString.call(Object);

    /**
     * Used to resolve the [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
     * of values.
     */
    var objToString = objectProto.toString;

    /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `_.noConflict`. */
    var oldDash = root._;

    /** Used to detect if a method is native. */
    var reIsNative = RegExp('^' +
      fnToString.call(hasOwnProperty).replace(reRegExpChar, '\\$&')
      .replace(/hasOwnProperty|(function).*?(?=\\\()| for .+?(?=\\\])/g, '$1.*?') + '$'
    );

    /** Built-in value references. */
    var Reflect = context.Reflect,
        Symbol = context.Symbol,
        Uint8Array = context.Uint8Array,
        clearTimeout = context.clearTimeout,
        enumerate = Reflect ? Reflect.enumerate : undefined,
        getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf,
        iteratorSymbol = typeof (iteratorSymbol = Symbol && Symbol.iterator) == 'symbol' ? iteratorSymbol : undefined,
        parseFloat = context.parseFloat,
        pow = Math.pow,
        propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable,
        setTimeout = context.setTimeout,
        splice = arrayProto.splice;

    /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
    var nativeCeil = Math.ceil,
        nativeFloor = Math.floor,
        nativeIsFinite = context.isFinite,
        nativeJoin = arrayProto.join,
        nativeKeys = Object.keys,
        nativeMax = Math.max,
        nativeMin = Math.min,
        nativeParseInt = context.parseInt,
        nativeRandom = Math.random,
        nativeReverse = arrayProto.reverse;

    /* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */
    var Map = getNative(context, 'Map'),
        Set = getNative(context, 'Set'),
        WeakMap = getNative(context, 'WeakMap'),
        nativeCreate = getNative(Object, 'create');

    /** Used to store function metadata. */
    var metaMap = WeakMap && new WeakMap;

    /** Used to detect maps and sets. */
    var mapCtorString = Map ? fnToString.call(Map) : '',
        setCtorString = Set ? fnToString.call(Set) : '';

    /** Used to lookup unminified function names. */
    var realNames = {};

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps `value` to enable implicit method
     * chaining. Methods that operate on and return arrays, collections, and
     * functions can be chained together. Methods that retrieve a single value or
     * may return a primitive value will automatically end the chain sequence and
     * return the unwrapped value. Otherwise, the value must be unwrapped with
     * `_#value`.
     *
     * Explicit chaining, which must be unwrapped with `_#value` in all cases,
     * may be enabled using `_.chain`.
     *
     * The execution of chained methods is lazy, that is, execution is deferred
     * until `_#value` is implicitly or explicitly called.
     *
     * Lazy evaluation allows several methods to support shortcut fusion. Shortcut
     * fusion is an optimization strategy which merge iteratee calls; this can help
     * to avoid the creation of intermediate data structures and greatly reduce the
     * number of iteratee executions. Sections of a chain sequence may qualify for
     * shortcut fusion if the section is applied to an array of at least two hundred
     * elements and any iteratees or predicates accept only one argument. The
     * heuristic for whether a section qualifies for shortcut fusion is subject
     * to change.
     *
     * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `_#value` method is
     * directly or indirectly included in the build.
     *
     * In addition to lodash methods, wrappers have `Array` and `String` methods.
     *
     * The wrapper `Array` methods are:
     * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `shift`, `sort`, `splice`, and `unshift`
     *
     * The wrapper `String` methods are:
     * `replace` and `split`
     *
     * The wrapper methods that support shortcut fusion are:
     * `at`, `compact`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `dropWhile`, `filter`, `find`,
     * `findLast`, `head`, `initial`, `last`, `map`, `reject`, `reverse`, `slice`,
     * `tail`, `take`, `takeRight`, `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`, and `toArray`
     *
     * The chainable wrapper methods are:
     * `after`, `ary`, `assign`, `assignIn`, `assignInWith`, `assignWith`,
     * `at`, `before`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`, `chain`, `chunk`, `commit`,
     * `compact`, `concat`, `conforms`, `conj`, `constant`, `countBy`, `create`,
     * `curry`, `debounce`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`, `defer`, `delay`,
     * `difference`, `differenceBy`, `differenceWith`, `disj`, `drop`, `dropRight`,
     * `dropRightWhile`, `dropWhile`, `fill`, `filter`, `flatten`, `flattenDeep`,
     * `flip`, `flow`, `flowRight`, `forEach`, `forEachRight`, `forIn`, `forInRight`,
     * `forOwn`, `forOwnRight`, `functions`, `functionsIn`, `groupBy`, `initial`,
     * `intersection`, `intersectionBy`, `intersectionWith`, invert`, `invoke`,
     * `iteratee`, `keyBy`, `keys`, `keysIn`, `map`, `mapKeys`, `mapValues`,
     * `matches`, `matchesProperty`, `memoize`, `merge`, `mergeWith`, `method`,
     * `methodOf`, `mixin`, `modArgs`, `modArgsSet', `negate`, `nthArg`, `omit`,
     * `omitBy`, `once`, `pairs`, `pairsIn`, `partial`, `partialRight`, `partition`,
     * `pick`, `pickBy`, `plant`, `property`, `propertyOf`, `pull`, `pullAll`,
     * `pullAllBy`, `pullAt`, `push`, `range`, `rearg`, `reject`, `remove`, `rest`,
     * `reverse`, `sampleSize`, `set`, `setWith`, `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`,
     * `sortBy`, `sortByOrder`, `splice`, `spread`, `tail`, `take`, `takeRight`,
     * `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`, `tap`, `throttle`, `thru`, `toArray`,
     * `toPath`, `toPlainObject`, `transform`, `unary`, `union`, `unionBy`,
     * `unionWith`, `uniq`, `uniqBy`, `uniqWith`, `unset`, `unshift`, `unzip`,
     * `unzipWith`, `values`, `valuesIn`, `without`, `wrap`, `xor`, `xorBy`,
     * `xorWith`, `zip`, `zipObject`, and `zipWith`
     *
     * The wrapper methods that are **not** chainable by default are:
     * `add`, `attempt`, `camelCase`, `capitalize`, `ceil`, `clamp`, `clone`,
     * `cloneDeep`, `cloneDeepWith`, `cloneWith`, `deburr`, `endsWith`, `eq`,
     * `escape`, `escapeRegExp`, `every`, `find`, `findIndex`, `findKey`,
     * `findLast`, `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `floor`, `get`, `gt`, `gte`,
     * `has`, `hasIn`, `head`, `identity`, `includes`, `indexOf`, `inRange`,
     * `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isArrayLike`, `isArrayLikeObject`, `isBoolean`,
     * `isDate`, `isElement`, `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isEqualWith`, `isError`,
     * `isFinite`, `isFunction`, `isInteger`, `isLength`, `isMatch`, `isMatchWith`,
     * `isNaN`, `isNative`, `isNil`, `isNull`, `isNumber`, `isObject`, `isObjectLike`,
     * `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isSafeInteger`, `isString`, `isUndefined`,
     * `isTypedArray`, `join`, `kebabCase`, `last`, `lastIndexOf`, `lowerCase`,
     * `lowerFirst`, `lt`, `lte`, `max`, `maxBy`, `mean`, `min`, `minBy`,
     * `noConflict`, `noop`, `now`, `pad`, `padLeft`, `padRight`, `parseInt`,
     * `pop`, `random`, `reduce`, `reduceRight`, `repeat`, `result`, `round`,
     * `runInContext`, `sample`, `shift`, `size`, `snakeCase`, `some`, `sortedIndex`,
     * `sortedIndexBy`, `sortedLastIndex`, `sortedLastIndexBy`, `startCase`,
     * `startsWith`, `subtract`, `sum`, sumBy`, `template`, `times`, `toLower`,
     * `toInteger`, `toLength`, `toNumber`, `toSafeInteger`, toString`, `toUpper`,
     * `trim`, `trimLeft`, `trimRight`, `truncate`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`,
     * `upperCase`, `upperFirst`, `value`, and `words`
     *
     * @name _
     * @constructor
     * @category Chain
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
     * @example
     *
     * function square(n) {
     *   return n * n;
     * }
     *
     * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
     *
     * // returns an unwrapped value
     * wrapped.reduce(_.add);
     * // => 6
     *
     * // returns a wrapped value
     * var squares = wrapped.map(square);
     *
     * _.isArray(squares);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isArray(squares.value());
     * // => true
     */
    function lodash(value) {
      if (isObjectLike(value) && !isArray(value) && !(value instanceof LazyWrapper)) {
        if (value instanceof LodashWrapper) {
          return value;
        }
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__')) {
          return wrapperClone(value);
        }
      }
      return new LodashWrapper(value);
    }

    /**
     * The function whose prototype all chaining wrappers inherit from.
     *
     * @private
     */
    function baseLodash() {
      // No operation performed.
    }

    /**
     * The base constructor for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
     * @param {boolean} [chainAll] Enable chaining for all wrapper methods.
     */
    function LodashWrapper(value, chainAll) {
      this.__wrapped__ = value;
      this.__actions__ = [];
      this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;
      this.__index__ = 0;
      this.__values__ = undefined;
    }

    /**
     * By default, the template delimiters used by lodash are like those in
     * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use
     * alternative delimiters.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Object
     */
    lodash.templateSettings = {

      /**
       * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'escape': reEscape,

      /**
       * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'evaluate': reEvaluate,

      /**
       * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'interpolate': reInterpolate,

      /**
       * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type string
       */
      'variable': '',

      /**
       * Used to import variables into the compiled template.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type Object
       */
      'imports': {

        /**
         * A reference to the `lodash` function.
         *
         * @memberOf _.templateSettings.imports
         * @type Function
         */
        '_': lodash
      }
    };

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a lazy wrapper object which wraps `value` to enable lazy evaluation.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
     */
    function LazyWrapper(value) {
      this.__wrapped__ = value;
      this.__actions__ = [];
      this.__dir__ = 1;
      this.__filtered__ = false;
      this.__iteratees__ = [];
      this.__takeCount__ = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH;
      this.__views__ = [];
    }

    /**
     * Creates a clone of the lazy wrapper object.
     *
     * @private
     * @name clone
     * @memberOf LazyWrapper
     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned `LazyWrapper` object.
     */
    function lazyClone() {
      var result = new LazyWrapper(this.__wrapped__);
      result.__actions__ = copyArray(this.__actions__);
      result.__dir__ = this.__dir__;
      result.__filtered__ = this.__filtered__;
      result.__iteratees__ = copyArray(this.__iteratees__);
      result.__takeCount__ = this.__takeCount__;
      result.__views__ = copyArray(this.__views__);
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Reverses the direction of lazy iteration.
     *
     * @private
     * @name reverse
     * @memberOf LazyWrapper
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new reversed `LazyWrapper` object.
     */
    function lazyReverse() {
      if (this.__filtered__) {
        var result = new LazyWrapper(this);
        result.__dir__ = -1;
        result.__filtered__ = true;
      } else {
        result = this.clone();
        result.__dir__ *= -1;
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Extracts the unwrapped value from its lazy wrapper.
     *
     * @private
     * @name value
     * @memberOf LazyWrapper
     * @returns {*} Returns the unwrapped value.
     */
    function lazyValue() {
      var array = this.__wrapped__.value(),
          dir = this.__dir__,
          isArr = isArray(array),
          isRight = dir < 0,
          arrLength = isArr ? array.length : 0,
          view = getView(0, arrLength, this.__views__),
          start = view.start,
          end = view.end,
          length = end - start,
          index = isRight ? end : (start - 1),
          iteratees = this.__iteratees__,
          iterLength = iteratees.length,
          resIndex = 0,
          takeCount = nativeMin(length, this.__takeCount__);

      if (!isArr || arrLength < LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE || (arrLength == length && takeCount == length)) {
        return baseWrapperValue(array, this.__actions__);
      }
      var result = [];

      outer:
      while (length-- && resIndex < takeCount) {
        index += dir;

        var iterIndex = -1,
            value = array[index];

        while (++iterIndex < iterLength) {
          var data = iteratees[iterIndex],
              iteratee = data.iteratee,
              type = data.type,
              computed = iteratee(value);

          if (type == LAZY_MAP_FLAG) {
            value = computed;
          } else if (!computed) {
            if (type == LAZY_FILTER_FLAG) {
              continue outer;
            } else {
              break outer;
            }
          }
        }
        result[resIndex++] = value;
      }
      return result;
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates an hash object.
     *
     * @private
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new hash object.
     */
    function Hash() {}

    /**
     * Removes `key` and its value from the hash.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} hash The hash to modify.
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
     */
    function hashDelete(hash, key) {
      return hashHas(hash, key) && delete hash[key];
    }

    /**
     * Gets the hash value for `key`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} hash The hash to query.
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
     * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
     */
    function hashGet(hash, key) {
      if (nativeCreate) {
        var result = hash[key];
        return result === HASH_UNDEFINED ? undefined : result;
      }
      return hasOwnProperty.call(hash, key) ? hash[key] : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a hash value for `key` exists.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} hash The hash to query.
     * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
     */
    function hashHas(hash, key) {
      return nativeCreate ? hash[key] !== undefined : hasOwnProperty.call(hash, key);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the hash `key` to `value`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} hash The hash to modify.
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
     * @param {*} value The value to set.
     */
    function hashSet(hash, key, value) {
      hash[key] = (nativeCreate && value === undefined) ? HASH_UNDEFINED : value;
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a map cache object to store key-value pairs.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.
     */
    function MapCache(values) {
      var index = -1,
          length = values ? values.length : 0;

      this.__data__ = { 'hash': new Hash, 'map': Map ? new Map : [], 'string': new Hash };
      while (++index < length) {
        var entry = values[index];
        this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Removes `key` and its value from the map.
     *
     * @private
     * @name delete
     * @memberOf MapCache
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
     */
    function mapDelete(key) {
      var data = this.__data__;
      if (isKeyable(key)) {
        return hashDelete(typeof key == 'string' ? data.string : data.hash, key);
      }
      return Map ? data.map['delete'](key) : assocDelete(data.map, key);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the map value for `key`.
     *
     * @private
     * @name get
     * @memberOf MapCache
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
     * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
     */
    function mapGet(key) {
      var data = this.__data__;
      if (isKeyable(key)) {
        return hashGet(typeof key == 'string' ? data.string : data.hash, key);
      }
      return Map ? data.map.get(key) : assocGet(data.map, key);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a map value for `key` exists.
     *
     * @private
     * @name has
     * @memberOf MapCache
     * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
     */
    function mapHas(key) {
      var data = this.__data__;
      if (isKeyable(key)) {
        return hashHas(typeof key == 'string' ? data.string : data.hash, key);
      }
      return Map ? data.map.has(key) : assocHas(data.map, key);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the map `key` to `value`.
     *
     * @private
     * @name set
     * @memberOf MapCache
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
     * @param {*} value The value to set.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the map cache object.
     */
    function mapSet(key, value) {
      var data = this.__data__;
      if (isKeyable(key)) {
        hashSet(typeof key == 'string' ? data.string : data.hash, key, value);
      } else if (Map) {
        data.map.set(key, value);
      } else {
        assocSet(data.map, key, value);
      }
      return this;
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     *
     * Creates a set cache object to store unique values.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.
     */
    function SetCache(values) {
      var index = -1,
          length = values ? values.length : 0;

      this.__data__ = new MapCache;
      while (++index < length) {
        this.push(values[index]);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is in `cache`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} cache The set cache to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @returns {number} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.
     */
    function cacheHas(cache, value) {
      var map = cache.__data__;
      if (isKeyable(value)) {
        var data = map.__data__,
            hash = typeof value == 'string' ? data.string : data.hash;

        return hash[value] === HASH_UNDEFINED;
      }
      return map.has(value);
    }

    /**
     * Adds `value` to the set cache.
     *
     * @private
     * @name push
     * @memberOf SetCache
     * @param {*} value The value to cache.
     */
    function cachePush(value) {
      var map = this.__data__;
      if (isKeyable(value)) {
        var data = map.__data__,
            hash = typeof value == 'string' ? data.string : data.hash;

        hash[value] = HASH_UNDEFINED;
      }
      else {
        map.set(value, HASH_UNDEFINED);
      }
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a stack cache object to store key-value pairs.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.
     */
    function Stack(values) {
      var index = -1,
          length = values ? values.length : 0;

      this.__data__ = { 'array': [], 'map': null };
      while (++index < length) {
        var entry = values[index];
        this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Removes `key` and its value from the stack.
     *
     * @private
     * @name delete
     * @memberOf Stack
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
     */
    function stackDelete(key) {
      var data = this.__data__,
          array = data.array;

      return array ? assocDelete(array, key) : data.map['delete'](key);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the stack value for `key`.
     *
     * @private
     * @name get
     * @memberOf Stack
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
     * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
     */
    function stackGet(key) {
      var data = this.__data__,
          array = data.array;

      return array ? assocGet(array, key) : data.map.get(key);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a stack value for `key` exists.
     *
     * @private
     * @name has
     * @memberOf Stack
     * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
     */
    function stackHas(key) {
      var data = this.__data__,
          array = data.array;

      return array ? assocHas(array, key) : data.map.has(key);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the stack `key` to `value`.
     *
     * @private
     * @name set
     * @memberOf Stack
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
     * @param {*} value The value to set.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the stack cache object.
     */
    function stackSet(key, value) {
      var data = this.__data__,
          array = data.array;

      if (array) {
        if (array.length < (LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE - 1)) {
          assocSet(array, key, value);
        } else {
          data.array = null;
          data.map = new MapCache(array);
        }
      }
      var map = data.map;
      if (map) {
        map.set(key, value);
      }
      return this;
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Removes `key` and its value from the associative array.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
     */
    function assocDelete(array, key) {
      var index = assocIndexOf(array, key);
      if (index < 0) {
        return false;
      }
      var lastIndex = array.length - 1;
      if (index == lastIndex) {
        array.pop();
      } else {
        splice.call(array, index, 1);
      }
      return true;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the associative array value for `key`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
     * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
     */
    function assocGet(array, key) {
      var index = assocIndexOf(array, key);
      return index < 0 ? undefined : array[index][1];
    }

    /**
     * Checks if an associative array value for `key` exists.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
     */
    function assocHas(array, key) {
      return assocIndexOf(array, key) > -1;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `key` is found in `array`
     * of key-value pairs.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} key The key to search for.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
     */
    function assocIndexOf(array, key) {
      var length = array.length;
      while (length--) {
        if (array[length][0] === key) {
          return length;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the associative array `key` to `value`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
     * @param {*} value The value to set.
     */
    function assocSet(array, key, value) {
      var index = assocIndexOf(array, key);
      if (index < 0) {
        array.push([key, value]);
      } else {
        array[index][1] = value;
      }
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Used by `_.defaults` to customize its `_.assignIn` use.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} objValue The destination value.
     * @param {*} srcValue The source value.
     * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign.
     * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign.
     */
    function assignInDefaults(objValue, srcValue, key) {
      return (objValue === undefined || objValue === objectProto[key])
        ? srcValue
        : objValue;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.assign` without support for multiple sources
     * or `customizer` functions.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {Object} source The source object.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     */
    function baseAssign(object, source) {
      return object && copyObject(source, keys(source), object);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.at` without support for individual path arguments.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {string[]} paths The property paths of elements to pick.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of picked elements.
     */
    function baseAt(object, paths) {
      var index = -1,
          isNil = object == null,
          length = paths.length,
          result = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = isNil ? undefined : get(object, paths[index]);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.clone` and `_.cloneDeep` which tracks
     * traversed objects.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning.
     * @param {string} [key] The key of `value`.
     * @param {Object} [object] The object `value` belongs to.
     * @param {Array} [stack] Tracks traversed sources and their clone counterparts.
     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
     */
    function baseClone(value, isDeep, customizer, key, object, stack) {
      var result;
      if (customizer) {
        result = object ? customizer(value, key, object, stack) : customizer(value);
      }
      if (result !== undefined) {
        return result;
      }
      if (!isObject(value)) {
        return value;
      }
      var isArr = isArray(value);
      if (isArr) {
        result = initCloneArray(value);
        if (!isDeep) {
          return copyArray(value, result);
        }
      } else {
        var tag = getTag(value),
            isFunc = tag == funcTag;

        if (tag == objectTag || tag == argsTag || (isFunc && !object)) {
          if (isHostObject(value)) {
            return object ? value : {};
          }
          result = initCloneObject(isFunc ? {} : value);
          if (!isDeep) {
            return baseAssign(result, value);
          }
        } else {
          return cloneableTags[tag]
            ? initCloneByTag(value, tag, isDeep)
            : (object ? value : {});
        }
      }
      // Check for circular references and return its corresponding clone.
      stack || (stack = new Stack);
      var stacked = stack.get(value);
      if (stacked) {
        return stacked;
      }
      stack.set(value, result);

      // Recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits).
      (isArr ? arrayEach : baseForOwn)(value, function(subValue, key) {
        result[key] = baseClone(subValue, isDeep, customizer, key, value, stack);
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.conforms` which doesn't clone `source`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} source The object of property predicates to conform to.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     */
    function baseConforms(source) {
      var props = keysIn(source),
          length = props.length;

      return function(object) {
        if (object == null) {
          return !length;
        }
        var index = length;
        while (index--) {
          var key = props[index],
              predicate = source[key],
              value = object[key];

          if ((value === undefined && !(key in Object(object))) || !predicate(value)) {
            return false;
          }
        }
        return true;
      };
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.create` without support for assigning
     * properties to the created object.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     */
    var baseCreate = (function() {
      function object() {}
      return function(prototype) {
        if (isObject(prototype)) {
          object.prototype = prototype;
          var result = new object;
          object.prototype = undefined;
        }
        return result || {};
      };
    }());

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.delay` and `_.defer` which accepts an array
     * of `func` arguments.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
     * @param {Object} args The arguments provide to `func`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
     */
    function baseDelay(func, wait, args) {
      if (typeof func != 'function') {
        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
      }
      return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of methods like `_.difference` without support for
     * excluding multiple arrays or callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {Array} values The values to exclude.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
     */
    function baseDifference(array, values, iteratee, comparator) {
      var index = -1,
          includes = arrayIncludes,
          isCommon = true,
          length = array.length,
          result = [],
          valuesLength = values.length;

      if (!length) {
        return result;
      }
      if (iteratee) {
        values = arrayMap(values, baseUnary(iteratee));
      }
      if (comparator) {
        includes = arrayIncludesWith;
        isCommon = false;
      }
      else if (values.length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {
        includes = cacheHas;
        isCommon = false;
        values = new SetCache(values);
      }
      outer:
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index],
            computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;

        if (isCommon && computed === computed) {
          var valuesIndex = valuesLength;
          while (valuesIndex--) {
            if (values[valuesIndex] === computed) {
              continue outer;
            }
          }
          result.push(value);
        }
        else if (!includes(values, computed, comparator)) {
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.forEach` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
     */
    var baseEach = createBaseEach(baseForOwn);

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.forEachRight` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
     */
    var baseEachRight = createBaseEach(baseForOwnRight, true);

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.every` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check, else `false`
     */
    function baseEvery(collection, predicate) {
      var result = true;
      baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        result = !!predicate(value, index, collection);
        return result;
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.fill` without an iteratee call guard.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to fill.
     * @param {*} value The value to fill `array` with.
     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     */
    function baseFill(array, value, start, end) {
      var length = array.length;

      start = toInteger(start);
      if (start < 0) {
        start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
      }
      end = (end === undefined || end > length) ? length : toInteger(end);
      if (end < 0) {
        end += length;
      }
      end = start > end ? 0 : toLength(end);
      while (start < end) {
        array[start++] = value;
      }
      return array;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.filter` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
     */
    function baseFilter(collection, predicate) {
      var result = [];
      baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        if (predicate(value, index, collection)) {
          result.push(value);
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.flatten` with support for restricting flattening.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep flatten.
     * @param {boolean} [isStrict] Restrict flattening to arrays-like objects.
     * @param {Array} [result=[]] The initial result value.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
     */
    function baseFlatten(array, isDeep, isStrict, result) {
      result || (result = []);

      var index = -1,
          length = array.length;

      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (isArrayLikeObject(value) &&
            (isStrict || isArray(value) || isArguments(value))) {
          if (isDeep) {
            // Recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
            baseFlatten(value, isDeep, isStrict, result);
          } else {
            arrayPush(result, value);
          }
        } else if (!isStrict) {
          result[result.length] = value;
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `baseForIn` and `baseForOwn` which iterates
     * over `object` properties returned by `keysFunc` invoking `iteratee` for
     * each property. Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly
     * returning `false`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     */
    var baseFor = createBaseFor();

    /**
     * This function is like `baseFor` except that it iterates over properties
     * in the opposite order.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     */
    var baseForRight = createBaseFor(true);

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.forIn` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     */
    function baseForIn(object, iteratee) {
      return object == null ? object : baseFor(object, iteratee, keysIn);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.forOwn` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     */
    function baseForOwn(object, iteratee) {
      return object && baseFor(object, iteratee, keys);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.forOwnRight` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     */
    function baseForOwnRight(object, iteratee) {
      return object && baseForRight(object, iteratee, keys);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.functions` which creates an array of
     * `object` function property names filtered from those provided.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @param {Array} props The property names to filter.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered property names.
     */
    function baseFunctions(object, props) {
      return arrayFilter(props, function(key) {
        return isFunction(object[key]);
      });
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.get` without support for default values.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
     */
    function baseGet(object, path) {
      path = isKey(path, object) ? [path + ''] : baseToPath(path);

      var index = 0,
          length = path.length;

      while (object != null && index < length) {
        object = object[path[index++]];
      }
      return (index && index == length) ? object : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.has` without support for deep paths.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {Array|string} key The key to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `key` exists, else `false`.
     */
    function baseHas(object, key) {
      // Avoid a bug in IE 10-11 where objects with a [[Prototype]] of `null`,
      // that are composed entirely of index properties, return `false` for
      // `hasOwnProperty` checks of them.
      return hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) ||
        (typeof object == 'object' && key in object && getPrototypeOf(object) === null);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.hasIn` without support for deep paths.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {Array|string} key The key to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `key` exists, else `false`.
     */
    function baseHasIn(object, key) {
      return key in Object(object);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of methods like `_.intersection`, without support
     * for callback shorthands, that accepts an array of arrays to inspect.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} arrays The arrays to inspect.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of shared values.
     */
    function baseIntersection(arrays, iteratee, comparator) {
      var includes = comparator ? arrayIncludesWith : arrayIncludes,
          othLength = arrays.length,
          othIndex = othLength,
          caches = Array(othLength),
          result = [];

      while (othIndex--) {
        var array = arrays[othIndex];
        if (othIndex && iteratee) {
          array = arrayMap(array, baseUnary(iteratee));
        }
        caches[othIndex] = !comparator && (iteratee || array.length >= 120)
          ? new SetCache(othIndex && array)
          : undefined;
      }
      array = arrays[0];

      var index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          seen = caches[0];

      outer:
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index],
            computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;

        if (!(seen ? cacheHas(seen, computed) : includes(result, computed, comparator))) {
          var othIndex = othLength;
          while (--othIndex) {
            var cache = caches[othIndex];
            if (!(cache ? cacheHas(cache, computed) : includes(arrays[othIndex], computed, comparator))) {
              continue outer;
            }
          }
          if (seen) {
            seen.push(computed);
          }
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.isEqual` which supports partial comparisons
     * and tracks traversed objects.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
     * @param {boolean} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags.
     *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
     *     1 - Unordered comparison
     *     2 - Partial comparison
     * @param {Array} [stack] Tracks traversed `value` and `other` objects.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
     */
    function baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
      if (value === other) {
        return true;
      }
      if (value == null || other == null || (!isObject(value) && !isObjectLike(other))) {
        return value !== value && other !== other;
      }
      return baseIsEqualDeep(value, other, baseIsEqual, customizer, bitmask, stack);
    }

    /**
     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqual` for arrays and objects which performs
     * deep comparisons and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
     * references to be compared.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
     * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
     * @param {number} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.
     * @param {Array} [stack] Tracks traversed `value` and `other` objects.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
     */
    function baseIsEqualDeep(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
      var objIsArr = isArray(object),
          othIsArr = isArray(other),
          objTag = arrayTag,
          othTag = arrayTag;

      if (!objIsArr) {
        objTag = getTag(object);
        if (objTag == argsTag) {
          objTag = objectTag;
        } else if (objTag != objectTag) {
          objIsArr = isTypedArray(object);
        }
      }
      if (!othIsArr) {
        othTag = getTag(other);
        if (othTag == argsTag) {
          othTag = objectTag;
        } else if (othTag != objectTag) {
          othIsArr = isTypedArray(other);
        }
      }
      var objIsObj = objTag == objectTag && !isHostObject(object),
          othIsObj = othTag == objectTag && !isHostObject(other),
          isSameTag = objTag == othTag;

      if (isSameTag && !(objIsArr || objIsObj)) {
        return equalByTag(object, other, objTag, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask);
      }
      var isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG;
      if (!isPartial) {
        var objIsWrapped = objIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(object, '__wrapped__'),
            othIsWrapped = othIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(other, '__wrapped__');

        if (objIsWrapped || othIsWrapped) {
          return equalFunc(objIsWrapped ? object.value() : object, othIsWrapped ? other.value() : other, customizer, bitmask, stack);
        }
      }
      if (!isSameTag) {
        return false;
      }
      // Assume cyclic values are equal.
      // For more information on detecting circular references see https://es5.github.io/#JO.
      stack || (stack = new Stack);
      var stacked = stack.get(object);
      if (stacked) {
        return stacked == other;
      }
      stack.set(object, other);

      var result = (objIsArr ? equalArrays : equalObjects)(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack);

      stack['delete'](object);
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.isMatch` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
     * @param {Array} matchData The property names, values, and compare flags to match.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
     */
    function baseIsMatch(object, source, matchData, customizer) {
      var index = matchData.length,
          length = index,
          noCustomizer = !customizer;

      if (object == null) {
        return !length;
      }
      object = Object(object);
      while (index--) {
        var data = matchData[index];
        if ((noCustomizer && data[2])
              ? data[1] !== object[data[0]]
              : !(data[0] in object)
            ) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        data = matchData[index];
        var key = data[0],
            objValue = object[key],
            srcValue = data[1];

        if (noCustomizer && data[2]) {
          if (objValue === undefined && !(key in object)) {
            return false;
          }
        } else {
          var stack = new Stack,
              result = customizer ? customizer(objValue, srcValue, key, object, source, stack) : undefined;

          if (!(result === undefined ? baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, customizer, UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG | PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG, stack) : result)) {
            return false;
          }
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.iteratee`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} [value=_.identity] The value to convert to an iteratee.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the iteratee.
     */
    function baseIteratee(value) {
      var type = typeof value;
      if (type == 'function') {
        return value;
      }
      if (value == null) {
        return identity;
      }
      if (type == 'object') {
        return isArray(value)
          ? baseMatchesProperty(value[0], value[1])
          : baseMatches(value);
      }
      return property(value);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.keys` which doesn't skip the constructor
     * property of prototypes or treat sparse arrays as dense.
     *
     * @private
     * @type Function
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
     */
    function baseKeys(object) {
      return nativeKeys(Object(object));
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.keysIn` which doesn't skip the constructor
     * property of prototypes or treat sparse arrays as dense.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
     */
    function baseKeysIn(object) {
      object = object == null ? object : Object(object);

      var result = [];
      for (var key in object) {
        result.push(key);
      }
      return result;
    }

    // Fallback for IE < 9 with es6-shim.
    if (enumerate && !propertyIsEnumerable.call({ 'valueOf': 1 }, 'valueOf')) {
      baseKeysIn = function(object) {
        return iteratorToArray(enumerate(object));
      };
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.map` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
     */
    function baseMap(collection, iteratee) {
      var index = -1,
          result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];

      baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
        result[++index] = iteratee(value, key, collection);
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.matches` which doesn't clone `source`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     */
    function baseMatches(source) {
      var matchData = getMatchData(source);
      if (matchData.length == 1 && matchData[0][2]) {
        var key = matchData[0][0],
            value = matchData[0][1];

        return function(object) {
          if (object == null) {
            return false;
          }
          return object[key] === value &&
            (value !== undefined || (key in Object(object)));
        };
      }
      return function(object) {
        return object === source || baseIsMatch(object, source, matchData);
      };
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.matchesProperty` which doesn't clone `srcValue`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} path The path of the property to get.
     * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     */
    function baseMatchesProperty(path, srcValue) {
      return function(object) {
        var objValue = get(object, path);
        return (objValue === undefined && objValue === srcValue)
          ? hasIn(object, path)
          : baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, undefined, UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG | PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG);
      };
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.merge` without support for multiple sources.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {Object} source The source object.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize merged values.
     * @param {Array} [stack] Tracks traversed sources and their value counterparts.
     */
    function baseMerge(object, source, customizer, stack) {
      if (object === source) {
        return;
      }
      var props = (isArray(source) || isTypedArray(source)) ? undefined : keysIn(source);
      arrayEach(props || source, function(srcValue, key) {
        if (props) {
          key = srcValue;
          srcValue = source[key];
        }
        if (isObject(srcValue)) {
          stack || (stack = new Stack);
          baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, baseMerge, customizer, stack);
        }
        else {
          var newValue = customizer ? customizer(object[key], srcValue, (key + ''), object, source, stack) : undefined;
          if (newValue === undefined) {
            newValue = srcValue;
          }
          assignMergeValue(object, key, newValue);
        }
      });
    }

    /**
     * A specialized version of `baseMerge` for arrays and objects which performs
     * deep merges and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
     * references to be merged.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {Object} source The source object.
     * @param {string} key The key of the value to merge.
     * @param {Function} mergeFunc The function to merge values.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
     * @param {Array} [stack] Tracks traversed sources and their value counterparts.
     */
    function baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, mergeFunc, customizer, stack) {
      var oldValue = object[key],
          srcValue = source[key],
          stacked = stack.get(oldValue) || stack.get(srcValue);

      if (stacked) {
        assignMergeValue(object, key, stacked);
        return;
      }
      var newValue = customizer ? customizer(oldValue, srcValue, (key + ''), object, source, stack) : undefined,
          isCommon = newValue === undefined;

      if (isCommon) {
        newValue = srcValue;
        if (isArray(srcValue) || isTypedArray(srcValue)) {
          newValue = isArray(oldValue)
            ? oldValue
            : ((isArrayLikeObject(oldValue)) ? copyArray(oldValue) : baseClone(srcValue));
        }
        else if (isPlainObject(srcValue) || isArguments(srcValue)) {
          newValue = isArguments(oldValue)
            ? toPlainObject(oldValue)
            : (isObject(oldValue) ? oldValue : baseClone(srcValue));
        }
        else {
          isCommon = isFunction(srcValue);
        }
      }
      stack.set(srcValue, newValue);

      if (isCommon) {
        // Recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
        mergeFunc(newValue, srcValue, customizer, stack);
      }
      assignMergeValue(object, key, newValue);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.pick` without support for individual
     * property names.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {string[]} props The property names to pick.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     */
    function basePick(object, props) {
      object = Object(object);
      return arrayReduce(props, function(result, key) {
        if (key in object) {
          result[key] = object[key];
        }
        return result;
      }, {});
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of  `_.pickBy` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per property.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     */
    function basePickBy(object, predicate) {
      var result = {};
      baseForIn(object, function(value, key) {
        if (predicate(value)) {
          result[key] = value;
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.property` without support for deep paths.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     */
    function baseProperty(key) {
      return function(object) {
        return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
      };
    }

    /**
     * A specialized version of `baseProperty` which supports deep paths.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     */
    function basePropertyDeep(path) {
      return function(object) {
        return baseGet(object, path);
      };
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.pullAll`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {Array} values The values to remove.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     */
    function basePullAll(array, values) {
      return basePullAllBy(array, values);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.pullAllBy` without support for callback
     * shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {Array} values The values to remove.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     */
    function basePullAllBy(array, values, iteratee) {
      var index = -1,
          length = values.length,
          seen = array;

      if (iteratee) {
        seen = arrayMap(array, function(value) { return iteratee(value); });
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        var fromIndex = 0,
            value = values[index],
            computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;

        while ((fromIndex = baseIndexOf(seen, computed, fromIndex)) > -1) {
          if (seen !== array) {
            splice.call(seen, fromIndex, 1);
          }
          splice.call(array, fromIndex, 1);
        }
      }
      return array;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.pullAt` without support for individual
     * index arguments or capturing the removed elements.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {number[]} indexes The indexes of elements to remove.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     */
    function basePullAt(array, indexes) {
      var length = array ? indexes.length : 0,
          lastIndex = length - 1;

      while (length--) {
        var index = indexes[length];
        if (lastIndex == length || index != previous) {
          var previous = index;
          if (isIndex(index)) {
            splice.call(array, index, 1);
          }
          else if (!isKey(index, array)) {
            var path = baseToPath(index),
                object = parent(array, path);

            if (object != null) {
              delete object[last(path)];
            }
          }
          else {
            delete array[index];
          }
        }
      }
      return array;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.random` without support for returning
     * floating-point numbers.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {number} min The minimum possible value.
     * @param {number} max The maximum possible value.
     * @returns {number} Returns the random number.
     */
    function baseRandom(min, max) {
      return min + nativeFloor(nativeRandom() * (max - min + 1));
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.set`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set.
     * @param {*} value The value to set.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize path creation.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     */
    function baseSet(object, path, value, customizer) {
      path = isKey(path, object) ? [path + ''] : baseToPath(path);

      var index = -1,
          length = path.length,
          lastIndex = length - 1,
          nested = object;

      while (nested != null && ++index < length) {
        var key = path[index];
        if (isObject(nested)) {
          var newValue = value;
          if (index != lastIndex) {
            var oldValue = nested[key];
            newValue = customizer ? customizer(oldValue, key, nested) : undefined;
            if (newValue === undefined) {
              newValue = oldValue == null ? (isIndex(path[index + 1]) ? [] : {}) : oldValue;
            }
          }
          assignValue(nested, key, newValue);
        }
        nested = nested[key];
      }
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `setData` without support for hot loop detection.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
     * @param {*} data The metadata.
     * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
     */
    var baseSetData = !metaMap ? identity : function(func, data) {
      metaMap.set(func, data);
      return func;
    };

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.slice` without an iteratee call guard.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     */
    function baseSlice(array, start, end) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array.length;

      start = start == null ? 0 : toInteger(start);
      if (start < 0) {
        start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
      }
      end = (end === undefined || end > length) ? length : toInteger(end);
      if (end < 0) {
        end += length;
      }
      length = start > end ? 0 : ((end - start) >>> 0);
      start >>>= 0;

      var result = Array(length);
      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = array[index + start];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.some` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check, else `false`.
     */
    function baseSome(collection, predicate) {
      var result;

      baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        result = predicate(value, index, collection);
        return !result;
      });
      return !!result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.sortByOrder` without param guards.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function[]|Object[]|string[]} iteratees The iteratees to sort by.
     * @param {string[]} orders The sort orders of `iteratees`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
     */
    function baseSortByOrder(collection, iteratees, orders) {
      var toIteratee = getIteratee(),
          index = -1;

      iteratees = arrayMap(iteratees.length ? iteratees : Array(1), function(iteratee) {
        return toIteratee(iteratee);
      });

      var result = baseMap(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
        var criteria = arrayMap(iteratees, function(iteratee) {
          return iteratee(value);
        });
        return { 'criteria': criteria, 'index': ++index, 'value': value };
      });

      return baseSortBy(result, function(object, other) {
        return compareMultiple(object, other, orders);
      });
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.sortedUniq`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
     */
    function baseSortedUniq(array) {
      return baseSortedUniqBy(array);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.sortedUniqBy` without support for callback
     * shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
     */
    function baseSortedUniqBy(array, iteratee) {
      var index = 0,
          length = array.length,
          value = array[0],
          computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value,
          seen = computed,
          resIndex = 0,
          result = [value];

      while (++index < length) {
        value = array[index],
        computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;

        if ((seen === seen ? (seen !== computed) : (computed === computed))) {
          seen = computed;
          result[++resIndex] = value;
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.toPath` which only converts `value` to a
     * path if it's not one.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to process.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the property path array.
     */
    function baseToPath(value) {
      return isArray(value) ? value : stringToPath(value);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.uniqBy` without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
     */
    function baseUniq(array, iteratee, comparator) {
      var index = -1,
          includes = arrayIncludes,
          length = array.length,
          isCommon = true,
          result = [],
          seen = result;

      if (comparator) {
        isCommon = false;
        includes = arrayIncludesWith;
      }
      else if (length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {
        var set = createSet(array);
        if (set) {
          return setToArray(set);
        }
        isCommon = false;
        includes = cacheHas;
        seen = new SetCache;
      }
      else {
        seen = iteratee ? [] : result;
      }
      outer:
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index],
            computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;

        if (isCommon && computed === computed) {
          var seenIndex = seen.length;
          while (seenIndex--) {
            if (seen[seenIndex] === computed) {
              continue outer;
            }
          }
          if (iteratee) {
            seen.push(computed);
          }
          result.push(value);
        }
        else if (!includes(seen, computed, comparator)) {
          if (seen !== result) {
            seen.push(computed);
          }
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.unset`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to unset.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the property is deleted, else `false`.
     */
    function baseUnset(object, path) {
      path = isKey(path, object) ? [path + ''] : baseToPath(path);
      object = parent(object, path);
      var key = last(path);
      return (object != null && has(object, key)) ? delete object[key] : true;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of methods like `_.dropWhile` and `_.takeWhile`
     * without support for callback shorthands.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {boolean} [isDrop] Specify dropping elements instead of taking them.
     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     */
    function baseWhile(array, predicate, isDrop, fromRight) {
      var length = array.length,
          index = fromRight ? length : -1;

      while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length) &&
        predicate(array[index], index, array)) {}

      return isDrop
        ? baseSlice(array, (fromRight ? 0 : index), (fromRight ? index + 1 : length))
        : baseSlice(array, (fromRight ? index + 1 : 0), (fromRight ? length : index));
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `wrapperValue` which returns the result of
     * performing a sequence of actions on the unwrapped `value`, where each
     * successive action is supplied the return value of the previous.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The unwrapped value.
     * @param {Array} actions Actions to peform to resolve the unwrapped value.
     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
     */
    function baseWrapperValue(value, actions) {
      var result = value;
      if (result instanceof LazyWrapper) {
        result = result.value();
      }
      return arrayReduce(actions, function(result, action) {
        return action.func.apply(action.thisArg, arrayPush([result], action.args));
      }, result);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of methods like `_.xor`, without support for
     * callback shorthands, that accepts an array of arrays to inspect.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} arrays The arrays to inspect.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of values.
     */
    function baseXor(arrays, iteratee, comparator) {
      var index = -1,
          length = arrays.length;

      while (++index < length) {
        var result = result
          ? arrayPush(
              baseDifference(result, arrays[index], iteratee, comparator),
              baseDifference(arrays[index], result, iteratee, comparator)
            )
          : arrays[index];
      }
      return (result && result.length) ? baseUniq(result, iteratee, comparator) : [];
    }

    /**
     * Performs a binary search of `array` to determine the index at which `value`
     * should be inserted into `array` in order to maintain its sort order.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
     * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
     *  into `array`.
     */
    function binaryIndex(array, value, retHighest) {
      var low = 0,
          high = array ? array.length : low;

      if (typeof value == 'number' && value === value && high <= HALF_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH) {
        while (low < high) {
          var mid = (low + high) >>> 1,
              computed = array[mid];

          if ((retHighest ? (computed <= value) : (computed < value)) && computed !== null) {
            low = mid + 1;
          } else {
            high = mid;
          }
        }
        return high;
      }
      return binaryIndexBy(array, value, identity, retHighest);
    }

    /**
     * This function is like `binaryIndex` except that it invokes `iteratee` for
     * `value` and each element of `array` to compute their sort ranking. The
     * iteratee is invoked with one argument; (value).
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
     * @param {Function} iteratee The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted into `array`.
     */
    function binaryIndexBy(array, value, iteratee, retHighest) {
      value = iteratee(value);

      var low = 0,
          high = array ? array.length : 0,
          valIsNaN = value !== value,
          valIsNull = value === null,
          valIsUndef = value === undefined;

      while (low < high) {
        var mid = nativeFloor((low + high) / 2),
            computed = iteratee(array[mid]),
            isDef = computed !== undefined,
            isReflexive = computed === computed;

        if (valIsNaN) {
          var setLow = isReflexive || retHighest;
        } else if (valIsNull) {
          setLow = isReflexive && isDef && (retHighest || computed != null);
        } else if (valIsUndef) {
          setLow = isReflexive && (retHighest || isDef);
        } else if (computed == null) {
          setLow = false;
        } else {
          setLow = retHighest ? (computed <= value) : (computed < value);
        }
        if (setLow) {
          low = mid + 1;
        } else {
          high = mid;
        }
      }
      return nativeMin(high, MAX_ARRAY_INDEX);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a clone of `buffer`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {ArrayBuffer} buffer The array buffer to clone.
     * @returns {ArrayBuffer} Returns the cloned array buffer.
     */
    function cloneBuffer(buffer) {
      var Ctor = buffer.constructor,
          result = new Ctor(buffer.byteLength),
          view = new Uint8Array(result);

      view.set(new Uint8Array(buffer));
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a clone of `map`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} map The map to clone.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned map.
     */
    function cloneMap(map) {
      var Ctor = map.constructor;
      return arrayReduce(mapToArray(map), addMapEntry, new Ctor);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a clone of `regexp`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} regexp The regexp to clone.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned regexp.
     */
    function cloneRegExp(regexp) {
      var Ctor = regexp.constructor,
          result = new Ctor(regexp.source, reFlags.exec(regexp));

      result.lastIndex = regexp.lastIndex;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a clone of `set`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} set The set to clone.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned set.
     */
    function cloneSet(set) {
      var Ctor = set.constructor;
      return arrayReduce(setToArray(set), addSetEntry, new Ctor);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a clone of `typedArray`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} typedArray The typed array to clone.
     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned typed array.
     */
    function cloneTypedArray(typedArray, isDeep) {
      var buffer = typedArray.buffer,
          Ctor = typedArray.constructor;

      return new Ctor(isDeep ? cloneBuffer(buffer) : buffer, typedArray.byteOffset, typedArray.length);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array that is the composition of partially applied arguments,
     * placeholders, and provided arguments into a single array of arguments.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array|Object} args The provided arguments.
     * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided.
     * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
     */
    function composeArgs(args, partials, holders) {
      var holdersLength = holders.length,
          argsIndex = -1,
          argsLength = nativeMax(args.length - holdersLength, 0),
          leftIndex = -1,
          leftLength = partials.length,
          result = Array(leftLength + argsLength);

      while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
        result[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
      }
      while (++argsIndex < holdersLength) {
        result[holders[argsIndex]] = args[argsIndex];
      }
      while (argsLength--) {
        result[leftIndex++] = args[argsIndex++];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * This function is like `composeArgs` except that the arguments composition
     * is tailored for `_.partialRight`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array|Object} args The provided arguments.
     * @param {Array} partials The arguments to append to those provided.
     * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
     */
    function composeArgsRight(args, partials, holders) {
      var holdersIndex = -1,
          holdersLength = holders.length,
          argsIndex = -1,
          argsLength = nativeMax(args.length - holdersLength, 0),
          rightIndex = -1,
          rightLength = partials.length,
          result = Array(argsLength + rightLength);

      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        result[argsIndex] = args[argsIndex];
      }
      var offset = argsIndex;
      while (++rightIndex < rightLength) {
        result[offset + rightIndex] = partials[rightIndex];
      }
      while (++holdersIndex < holdersLength) {
        result[offset + holders[holdersIndex]] = args[argsIndex++];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function like `_.groupBy`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} setter The function to set keys and values of the accumulator object.
     * @param {Function} [initializer] The function to initialize the accumulator object.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new aggregator function.
     */
    function createAggregator(setter, initializer) {
      return function(collection, iteratee) {
        var result = initializer ? initializer() : {};
        iteratee = getIteratee(iteratee);

        if (isArray(collection)) {
          var index = -1,
              length = collection.length;

          while (++index < length) {
            var value = collection[index];
            setter(result, value, iteratee(value), collection);
          }
        } else {
          baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
            setter(result, value, iteratee(value), collection);
          });
        }
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function like `_.assign`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} assigner The function to assign values.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new assigner function.
     */
    function createAssigner(assigner) {
      return rest(function(object, sources) {
        var index = -1,
            length = object == null ? 0 : sources.length,
            customizer = length > 1 ? sources[length - 1] : undefined,
            guard = length > 2 ? sources[2] : undefined;

        customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? (length--, customizer) : undefined;
        if (guard && isIterateeCall(sources[0], sources[1], guard)) {
          customizer = length < 3 ? undefined : customizer;
          length = 1;
        }
        object = Object(object);
        while (++index < length) {
          var source = sources[index];
          if (source) {
            assigner(object, source, customizer);
          }
        }
        return object;
      });
    }

    /**
     * Creates a `baseEach` or `baseEachRight` function.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
     */
    function createBaseEach(eachFunc, fromRight) {
      return function(collection, iteratee) {
        if (collection == null) {
          return collection;
        }
        if (!isArrayLike(collection)) {
          return eachFunc(collection, iteratee);
        }
        var length = collection.length,
            index = fromRight ? length : -1,
            iterable = Object(collection);

        while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
          if (iteratee(iterable[index], index, iterable) === false) {
            break;
          }
        }
        return collection;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a base function for methods like `_.forIn`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
     */
    function createBaseFor(fromRight) {
      return function(object, iteratee, keysFunc) {
        var iterable = Object(object),
            props = keysFunc(object),
            length = props.length,
            index = fromRight ? length : -1;

        while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
          var key = props[index];
          if (iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable) === false) {
            break;
          }
        }
        return object;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that wraps `func` to invoke it with the optional `this`
     * binding of `thisArg`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
     */
    function createBaseWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg) {
      var isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
          Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);

      function wrapper() {
        var fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;
        return fn.apply(isBind ? thisArg : this, arguments);
      }
      return wrapper;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function like `_.lowerFirst`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} methodName The name of the `String` case method to use.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     */
    function createCaseFirst(methodName) {
      return function(string) {
        string = toString(string);

        var strSymbols = reHasComplexSymbol.test(string) ? stringToArray(string) : undefined,
            chr = strSymbols ? strSymbols[0] : string.charAt(0),
            trailing = strSymbols ? strSymbols.slice(1).join('') : string.slice(1);

        return chr[methodName]() + trailing;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function like `_.camelCase`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} callback The function to combine each word.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new compounder function.
     */
    function createCompounder(callback) {
      return function(string) {
        return arrayReduce(words(deburr(string)), callback, '');
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that produces an instance of `Ctor` regardless of
     * whether it was invoked as part of a `new` expression or by `call` or `apply`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} Ctor The constructor to wrap.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
     */
    function createCtorWrapper(Ctor) {
      return function() {
        // Use a `switch` statement to work with class constructors.
        // See http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist
        // for more details.
        var args = arguments;
        switch (args.length) {
          case 0: return new Ctor;
          case 1: return new Ctor(args[0]);
          case 2: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1]);
          case 3: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2]);
          case 4: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);
          case 5: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4]);
          case 6: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5]);
          case 7: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5], args[6]);
        }
        var thisBinding = baseCreate(Ctor.prototype),
            result = Ctor.apply(thisBinding, args);

        // Mimic the constructor's `return` behavior.
        // See https://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2 for more details.
        return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that wraps `func` to enable currying.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
     * @param {number} arity The arity of `func`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
     */
    function createCurryWrapper(func, bitmask, arity) {
      var Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);

      function wrapper() {
        var length = arguments.length,
            index = length,
            args = Array(length),
            fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func,
            placeholder = wrapper.placeholder;

        while (index--) {
          args[index] = arguments[index];
        }
        var holders = (length < 3 && args[0] !== placeholder && args[length - 1] !== placeholder)
          ? []
          : replaceHolders(args, placeholder);

        length -= holders.length;
        return length < arity
          ? createRecurryWrapper(func, bitmask, createHybridWrapper, placeholder, undefined, args, holders, undefined, undefined, arity - length)
          : apply(fn, this, args);
      }
      return wrapper;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a `_.flow` or `_.flowRight` function.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new flow function.
     */
    function createFlow(fromRight) {
      return rest(function(funcs) {
        funcs = baseFlatten(funcs);

        var length = funcs.length,
            index = length,
            prereq = LodashWrapper.prototype.thru;

        if (fromRight) {
          funcs.reverse();
        }
        while (index--) {
          var func = funcs[index];
          if (typeof func != 'function') {
            throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
          }
          if (prereq && !wrapper && getFuncName(func) == 'wrapper') {
            var wrapper = new LodashWrapper([], true);
          }
        }
        index = wrapper ? index : length;
        while (++index < length) {
          func = funcs[index];

          var funcName = getFuncName(func),
              data = funcName == 'wrapper' ? getData(func) : undefined;

          if (data && isLaziable(data[0]) && data[1] == (ARY_FLAG | CURRY_FLAG | PARTIAL_FLAG | REARG_FLAG) && !data[4].length && data[9] == 1) {
            wrapper = wrapper[getFuncName(data[0])].apply(wrapper, data[3]);
          } else {
            wrapper = (func.length == 1 && isLaziable(func)) ? wrapper[funcName]() : wrapper.thru(func);
          }
        }
        return function() {
          var args = arguments,
              value = args[0];

          if (wrapper && args.length == 1 && isArray(value) && value.length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {
            return wrapper.plant(value).value();
          }
          var index = 0,
              result = length ? funcs[index].apply(this, args) : value;

          while (++index < length) {
            result = funcs[index].call(this, result);
          }
          return result;
        };
      });
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that wraps `func` to invoke it with optional `this`
     * binding of `thisArg`, partial application, and currying.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to wrap.
     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to prepend to those provided to the new function.
     * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
     * @param {Array} [partialsRight] The arguments to append to those provided to the new function.
     * @param {Array} [holdersRight] The `partialsRight` placeholder indexes.
     * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
     * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
     */
    function createHybridWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, partialsRight, holdersRight, argPos, ary, arity) {
      var isAry = bitmask & ARY_FLAG,
          isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
          isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG,
          isCurry = bitmask & CURRY_FLAG,
          isCurryRight = bitmask & CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG,
          isFlip = bitmask & FLIP_FLAG,
          Ctor = isBindKey ? undefined : createCtorWrapper(func);

      function wrapper() {
        var length = arguments.length,
            index = length,
            args = Array(length);

        while (index--) {
          args[index] = arguments[index];
        }
        if (partials) {
          args = composeArgs(args, partials, holders);
        }
        if (partialsRight) {
          args = composeArgsRight(args, partialsRight, holdersRight);
        }
        if (isCurry || isCurryRight) {
          var placeholder = wrapper.placeholder,
              argsHolders = replaceHolders(args, placeholder);

          length -= argsHolders.length;
          if (length < arity) {
            return createRecurryWrapper(func, bitmask, createHybridWrapper, placeholder, thisArg, args, argsHolders, argPos, ary, arity - length);
          }
        }
        var thisBinding = isBind ? thisArg : this,
            fn = isBindKey ? thisBinding[func] : func;

        if (argPos) {
          args = reorder(args, argPos);
        } else if (isFlip && args.length > 1) {
          args.reverse();
        }
        if (isAry && ary < args.length) {
          args.length = ary;
        }
        if (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) {
          fn = Ctor || createCtorWrapper(func);
        }
        return fn.apply(thisBinding, args);
      }
      return wrapper;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function like `_.conj`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} arrayFunc The function to iterate over iteratees.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new invoker function.
     */
    function createInvoker(arrayFunc) {
      return rest(function(iteratees) {
        iteratees = arrayMap(baseFlatten(iteratees), getIteratee());
        return rest(function(args) {
          var thisArg = this;
          return arrayFunc(iteratees, function(iteratee) {
            return iteratee.apply(thisArg, args);
          });
        });
      });
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function like `_.modArgs`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} resolver The function to resolve which invocation
     *  arguments are provided to each transform.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new arguments modifier function.
     */
    function createModArgs(resolver) {
      return rest(function(func, transforms) {
        transforms = arrayMap(baseFlatten(transforms), getIteratee());

        var funcsLength = transforms.length;
        return rest(function(args) {
          var index = -1,
              length = nativeMin(args.length, funcsLength),
              modded = copyArray(args);

          while (++index < length) {
            modded[index] = transforms[index].apply(this, resolver(args[index], index, args));
          }
          return func.apply(this, modded);
        });
      });
    }

    /**
     * Creates the padding for `string` based on `length`. The `chars` string
     * is truncated if the number of characters exceeds `length`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} string The string to create padding for.
     * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
     * @returns {string} Returns the padding for `string`.
     */
    function createPadding(string, length, chars) {
      length = toInteger(length);

      var strLength = stringSize(string);
      if (!length || strLength >= length) {
        return '';
      }
      var padLength = length - strLength;
      chars = chars === undefined ? ' ' : (chars + '');

      var result = repeat(chars, nativeCeil(padLength / stringSize(chars)));
      return reHasComplexSymbol.test(chars)
        ? stringToArray(result).slice(0, padLength).join('')
        : result.slice(0, padLength);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that wraps `func` to invoke it with the optional `this`
     * binding of `thisArg` and the `partials` prepended to those provided to
     * the wrapper.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
     * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided to the new function.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
     */
    function createPartialWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials) {
      var isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
          Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);

      function wrapper() {
        var argsIndex = -1,
            argsLength = arguments.length,
            leftIndex = -1,
            leftLength = partials.length,
            args = Array(leftLength + argsLength),
            fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;

        while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
          args[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
        }
        while (argsLength--) {
          args[leftIndex++] = arguments[++argsIndex];
        }
        return apply(fn, isBind ? thisArg : this, args);
      }
      return wrapper;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that wraps `func` to continue currying.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
     * @param {Function} wrapFunc The function to create the `func` wrapper.
     * @param {*} placeholder The placeholder to replace.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to prepend to those provided to the new function.
     * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
     * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
     * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
     */
    function createRecurryWrapper(func, bitmask, wrapFunc, placeholder, thisArg, partials, holders, argPos, ary, arity) {
      var isCurry = bitmask & CURRY_FLAG,
          newArgPos = argPos ? copyArray(argPos) : undefined,
          newsHolders = isCurry ? holders : undefined,
          newHoldersRight = isCurry ? undefined : holders,
          newPartials = isCurry ? partials : undefined,
          newPartialsRight = isCurry ? undefined : partials;

      arity = arity == undefined ? arity : nativeMax(arity, 0);
      bitmask |= (isCurry ? PARTIAL_FLAG : PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
      bitmask &= ~(isCurry ? PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG : PARTIAL_FLAG);

      if (!(bitmask & CURRY_BOUND_FLAG)) {
        bitmask &= ~(BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG);
      }
      var newData = [func, bitmask, thisArg, newPartials, newsHolders, newPartialsRight, newHoldersRight, newArgPos, ary, arity],
          result = wrapFunc.apply(undefined, newData);

      if (isLaziable(func)) {
        setData(result, newData);
      }
      result.placeholder = placeholder;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function like `_.round`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} methodName The name of the `Math` method to use when rounding.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new round function.
     */
    function createRound(methodName) {
      var func = Math[methodName];
      return function(number, precision) {
        number = toNumber(number);
        precision = toInteger(precision);
        if (precision) {
          // Shift with exponential notation to avoid floating-point issues.
          // See [MDN](https://mdn.io/round#Examples) for more details.
          var pair = (toString(number) + 'e').split('e'),
              value = func(pair[0] + 'e' + (+pair[1] + precision));

          pair = (toString(value) + 'e').split('e');
          return +(pair[0] + 'e' + (+pair[1] - precision));
        }
        return func(number);
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a set of `values`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} values The values to add to the set.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new set.
     */
    var createSet = !(Set && new Set([1, 2]).size === 2) ? noop : function(values) {
      return new Set(values);
    };

    /**
     * Creates a function that either curries or invokes `func` with optional
     * `this` binding and partially applied arguments.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to wrap.
     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags.
     *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
     *     1 - `_.bind`
     *     2 - `_.bindKey`
     *     4 - `_.curry` or `_.curryRight` of a bound function
     *     8 - `_.curry`
     *    16 - `_.curryRight`
     *    32 - `_.partial`
     *    64 - `_.partialRight`
     *   128 - `_.rearg`
     *   256 - `_.ary`
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
     * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
     * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
     * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
     */
    function createWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, argPos, ary, arity) {
      var isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG;
      if (!isBindKey && typeof func != 'function') {
        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
      }
      var length = partials ? partials.length : 0;
      if (!length) {
        bitmask &= ~(PARTIAL_FLAG | PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
        partials = holders = undefined;
      }
      ary = ary === undefined ? ary : nativeMax(toInteger(ary), 0);
      arity = arity === undefined ? arity : toInteger(arity);
      length -= holders ? holders.length : 0;

      if (bitmask & PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG) {
        var partialsRight = partials,
            holdersRight = holders;

        partials = holders = undefined;
      }
      var data = isBindKey ? undefined : getData(func),
          newData = [func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, partialsRight, holdersRight, argPos, ary, arity];

      if (data) {
        mergeData(newData, data);
      }
      func = newData[0];
      bitmask = newData[1];
      thisArg = newData[2];
      partials = newData[3];
      holders = newData[4];
      arity = newData[9] = newData[9] == null
        ? (isBindKey ? 0 : func.length)
        : nativeMax(newData[9] - length, 0);

      if (!arity && bitmask & (CURRY_FLAG | CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG)) {
        bitmask &= ~(CURRY_FLAG | CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG);
      }
      if (!bitmask || bitmask == BIND_FLAG) {
        var result = createBaseWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg);
      } else if (bitmask == CURRY_FLAG || bitmask == CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG) {
        result = createCurryWrapper(func, bitmask, arity);
      } else if ((bitmask == PARTIAL_FLAG || bitmask == (BIND_FLAG | PARTIAL_FLAG)) && !holders.length) {
        result = createPartialWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials);
      } else {
        result = createHybridWrapper.apply(undefined, newData);
      }
      var setter = data ? baseSetData : setData;
      return setter(result, newData);
    }

    /**
     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for arrays with support for
     * partial deep comparisons.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to compare.
     * @param {Array} other The other array to compare.
     * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
     * @param {number} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.
     * @param {Array} [stack] Tracks traversed `value` and `other` objects.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arrays are equivalent, else `false`.
     */
    function equalArrays(array, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
      var index = -1,
          isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG,
          isUnordered = bitmask & UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG,
          arrLength = array.length,
          othLength = other.length;

      if (arrLength != othLength && !(isPartial && othLength > arrLength)) {
        return false;
      }
      // Ignore non-index properties.
      while (++index < arrLength) {
        var arrValue = array[index],
            othValue = other[index];

        if (customizer) {
          var result = isPartial
            ? customizer(othValue, arrValue, index, other, array, stack)
            : customizer(arrValue, othValue, index, array, other, stack);
        }
        if (result !== undefined) {
          if (result) {
            continue;
          }
          return false;
        }
        // Recursively compare arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
        if (isUnordered) {
          if (!arraySome(other, function(othValue) {
                return arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stack);
              })) {
            return false;
          }
        } else if (!(arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stack))) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    /**
     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for comparing objects of
     * the same `toStringTag`.
     *
     * **Note:** This function only supports comparing values with tags of
     * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
     * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the objects to compare.
     * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
     * @param {number} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
     */
    function equalByTag(object, other, tag, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask) {
      switch (tag) {
        case boolTag:
        case dateTag:
          // Coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
          // to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal.
          return +object == +other;

        case errorTag:
          return object.name == other.name && object.message == other.message;

        case numberTag:
          // Treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal.
          return (object != +object) ? other != +other : object == +other;

        case regexpTag:
        case stringTag:
          // Coerce regexes to strings and treat strings primitives and string
          // objects as equal. See https://es5.github.io/#x15.10.6.4 for more details.
          return object == (other + '');

        case mapTag:
          var convert = mapToArray;

        case setTag:
          var isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG;
          convert || (convert = setToArray);

          // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).
          return (isPartial || object.size == other.size) &&
            equalFunc(convert(object), convert(other), customizer, bitmask | UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG);
      }
      return false;
    }

    /**
     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for objects with support for
     * partial deep comparisons.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
     * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
     * @param {number} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.
     * @param {Array} [stack] Tracks traversed `value` and `other` objects.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
     */
    function equalObjects(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
      var isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG,
          isUnordered = bitmask & UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG,
          objProps = keys(object),
          objLength = objProps.length,
          othProps = keys(other),
          othLength = othProps.length;

      if (objLength != othLength && !isPartial) {
        return false;
      }
      var index = objLength;
      while (index--) {
        var key = objProps[index];
        if (!(isPartial ? key in other : baseHas(other, key)) ||
            !(isUnordered || key == othProps[index])) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      var skipCtor = isPartial;
      while (++index < objLength) {
        key = objProps[index];
        var objValue = object[key],
            othValue = other[key];

        if (customizer) {
          var result = isPartial
            ? customizer(othValue, objValue, key, other, object, stack)
            : customizer(objValue, othValue, key, object, other, stack);
        }
        // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).
        if (!(result === undefined
              ? (objValue === othValue || equalFunc(objValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stack))
              : result
            )) {
          return false;
        }
        skipCtor || (skipCtor = key == 'constructor');
      }
      if (!skipCtor) {
        var objCtor = object.constructor,
            othCtor = other.constructor;

        // Non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal.
        if (objCtor != othCtor &&
            ('constructor' in object && 'constructor' in other) &&
            !(typeof objCtor == 'function' && objCtor instanceof objCtor &&
              typeof othCtor == 'function' && othCtor instanceof othCtor)) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    /**
     * Gets metadata for `func`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to query.
     * @returns {*} Returns the metadata for `func`.
     */
    var getData = !metaMap ? noop : function(func) {
      return metaMap.get(func);
    };

    /**
     * Gets the name of `func`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to query.
     * @returns {string} Returns the function name.
     */
    function getFuncName(func) {
      var result = (func.name + ''),
          array = realNames[result],
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      while (length--) {
        var data = array[length],
            otherFunc = data.func;
        if (otherFunc == null || otherFunc == func) {
          return data.name;
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the appropriate "iteratee" function. If the `_.iteratee` method is
     * customized this function returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
     * `baseIteratee`. If arguments are provided the chosen function is invoked
     * with them and its result is returned.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} [value] The value to convert to an iteratee.
     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of the created iteratee.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the chosen function or its result.
     */
    function getIteratee() {
      var result = lodash.iteratee || iteratee;
      result = result === iteratee ? baseIteratee : result;
      return arguments.length ? result(arguments[0], arguments[1]) : result;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the "length" property value of `object`.
     *
     * **Note:** This function is used to avoid a [JIT bug](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=142792)
     * that affects Safari on at least iOS 8.1-8.3 ARM64.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {*} Returns the "length" value.
     */
    var getLength = baseProperty('length');

    /**
     * Gets the property names, values, and compare flags of `object`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the match data of `object`.
     */
    function getMatchData(object) {
      var result = pairs(object),
          length = result.length;

      while (length--) {
        result[length][2] = isStrictComparable(result[length][1]);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the native function at `key` of `object`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {string} key The key of the method to get.
     * @returns {*} Returns the function if it's native, else `undefined`.
     */
    function getNative(object, key) {
      var value = object == null ? undefined : object[key];
      return isNative(value) ? value : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the `toStringTag` of `value`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to query.
     * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`.
     */
    function getTag(value) {
      return objToString.call(value);
    }

    // Fallback for IE 11 providing `toStringTag` values for maps and sets.
    if ((Map && getTag(new Map) != mapTag) || (Set && getTag(new Set) != setTag)) {
      getTag = function(value) {
        var result = objToString.call(value),
            Ctor = result == objectTag ? value.constructor : null,
            ctorString = typeof Ctor == 'function' ? fnToString.call(Ctor) : '';

        return ctorString == mapCtorString
          ? mapTag
          : (ctorString == setCtorString ? setTag : result);
      };
    }

    /**
     * Gets the view, applying any `transforms` to the `start` and `end` positions.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {number} start The start of the view.
     * @param {number} end The end of the view.
     * @param {Array} transforms The transformations to apply to the view.
     * @returns {Object} Returns an object containing the `start` and `end`
     *  positions of the view.
     */
    function getView(start, end, transforms) {
      var index = -1,
          length = transforms.length;

      while (++index < length) {
        var data = transforms[index],
            size = data.size;

        switch (data.type) {
          case 'drop':      start += size; break;
          case 'dropRight': end -= size; break;
          case 'take':      end = nativeMin(end, start + size); break;
          case 'takeRight': start = nativeMax(start, end - size); break;
        }
      }
      return { 'start': start, 'end': end };
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `path` exists on `object`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.
     * @param {Function} hasFunc The function to check properties.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.
     */
    function hasPath(object, path, hasFunc) {
      if (object == null) {
        return false;
      }
      var result = hasFunc(object, path);
      if (!result && !isKey(path)) {
        path = baseToPath(path);
        object = parent(object, path);
        if (object != null) {
          path = last(path);
          result = hasFunc(object, path);
        }
      }
      return result || (isLength(object && object.length) && isIndex(path, object.length) &&
        (isArray(object) || isString(object) || isArguments(object)));
    }

    /**
     * Initializes an array clone.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to clone.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the initialized clone.
     */
    function initCloneArray(array) {
      var length = array.length,
          result = new array.constructor(length);

      // Add array properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`.
      if (length && typeof array[0] == 'string' && hasOwnProperty.call(array, 'index')) {
        result.index = array.index;
        result.input = array.input;
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Initializes an object clone.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
     */
    function initCloneObject(object) {
      var Ctor = object.constructor;
      return (typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor instanceof Ctor) ? new Ctor : {};
    }

    /**
     * Initializes an object clone based on its `toStringTag`.
     *
     * **Note:** This function only supports cloning values with tags of
     * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
     * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the object to clone.
     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
     */
    function initCloneByTag(object, tag, isDeep) {
      var Ctor = object.constructor;
      switch (tag) {
        case arrayBufferTag:
          return cloneBuffer(object);

        case boolTag:
        case dateTag:
          return new Ctor(+object);

        case float32Tag: case float64Tag:
        case int8Tag: case int16Tag: case int32Tag:
        case uint8Tag: case uint8ClampedTag: case uint16Tag: case uint32Tag:
          return cloneTypedArray(object, isDeep);

        case mapTag:
          return cloneMap(object);

        case numberTag:
        case stringTag:
          return new Ctor(object);

        case setTag:
          return cloneSet(object);

        case regexpTag:
          return cloneRegExp(object);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of index keys for `object` values of arrays,
     * `arguments` objects, and strings, otherwise `null` is returned.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {Array|null} Returns index keys, else `null`.
     */
    function indexKeys(object) {
      var length = object ? object.length : undefined;
      return (isLength(length) && (isArray(object) || isString(object) || isArguments(object)))
        ? baseTimes(length, String)
        : null;
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the method at `path` of `object`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the method to invoke.
     * @param {Array} args The arguments to invoke the method with.
     * @returns {*} Returns the result of the invoked method.
     */
    function invokePath(object, path, args) {
      if (!isKey(path, object)) {
        path = baseToPath(path);
        object = parent(object, path);
        path = last(path);
      }
      var func = object == null ? object : object[path];
      return func == null ? undefined : func.apply(object, args);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the provided arguments are from an iteratee call.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The potential iteratee value argument.
     * @param {*} index The potential iteratee index or key argument.
     * @param {*} object The potential iteratee object argument.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arguments are from an iteratee call, else `false`.
     */
    function isIterateeCall(value, index, object) {
      if (!isObject(object)) {
        return false;
      }
      var type = typeof index;
      if (type == 'number'
          ? (isArrayLike(object) && isIndex(index, object.length))
          : (type == 'string' && index in object)) {
        var other = object[index];
        return value === value ? (value === other) : (other !== other);
      }
      return false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a property name and not a property path.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a property name, else `false`.
     */
    function isKey(value, object) {
      if (typeof value == 'number') {
        return true;
      }
      return !isArray(value) &&
        (reIsPlainProp.test(value) || !reIsDeepProp.test(value) ||
          (object != null && value in Object(object)));
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is suitable for use as unique object key.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is suitable, else `false`.
     */
    function isKeyable(value) {
      var type = typeof value;
      return type == 'number' || type == 'boolean' ||
        (type == 'string' && value !== '__proto__') || value == null;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `func` has a lazy counterpart.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `func` has a lazy counterpart, else `false`.
     */
    function isLaziable(func) {
      var funcName = getFuncName(func),
          other = lodash[funcName];

      if (typeof other != 'function' || !(funcName in LazyWrapper.prototype)) {
        return false;
      }
      if (func === other) {
        return true;
      }
      var data = getData(other);
      return !!data && func === data[0];
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is likely a prototype object.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a prototype, else `false`.
     */
    function isPrototype(value) {
      var Ctor = value && value.constructor,
          proto = (typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype) || objectProto;

      return value === proto;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is suitable for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` if suitable for strict
     *  equality comparisons, else `false`.
     */
    function isStrictComparable(value) {
      return value === value && !isObject(value);
    }

    /**
     * Merges the function metadata of `source` into `data`.
     *
     * Merging metadata reduces the number of wrappers used to invoke a function.
     * This is possible because methods like `_.bind`, `_.curry`, and `_.partial`
     * may be applied regardless of execution order. Methods like `_.ary` and `_.rearg`
     * modify function arguments, making the order in which they are executed important,
     * preventing the merging of metadata. However, we make an exception for a safe
     * common case where curried functions have `_.ary` and or `_.rearg` applied.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} data The destination metadata.
     * @param {Array} source The source metadata.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `data`.
     */
    function mergeData(data, source) {
      var bitmask = data[1],
          srcBitmask = source[1],
          newBitmask = bitmask | srcBitmask,
          isCommon = newBitmask < ARY_FLAG;

      var isCombo =
        (srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG && (bitmask == CURRY_FLAG)) ||
        (srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG && (bitmask == REARG_FLAG) && (data[7].length <= source[8])) ||
        (srcBitmask == (ARY_FLAG | REARG_FLAG) && (source[7].length <= source[8]) && (bitmask == CURRY_FLAG));

      // Exit early if metadata can't be merged.
      if (!(isCommon || isCombo)) {
        return data;
      }
      // Use source `thisArg` if available.
      if (srcBitmask & BIND_FLAG) {
        data[2] = source[2];
        // Set when currying a bound function.
        newBitmask |= (bitmask & BIND_FLAG) ? 0 : CURRY_BOUND_FLAG;
      }
      // Compose partial arguments.
      var value = source[3];
      if (value) {
        var partials = data[3];
        data[3] = partials ? composeArgs(partials, value, source[4]) : copyArray(value);
        data[4] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[3], PLACEHOLDER) : copyArray(source[4]);
      }
      // Compose partial right arguments.
      value = source[5];
      if (value) {
        partials = data[5];
        data[5] = partials ? composeArgsRight(partials, value, source[6]) : copyArray(value);
        data[6] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[5], PLACEHOLDER) : copyArray(source[6]);
      }
      // Use source `argPos` if available.
      value = source[7];
      if (value) {
        data[7] = copyArray(value);
      }
      // Use source `ary` if it's smaller.
      if (srcBitmask & ARY_FLAG) {
        data[8] = data[8] == null ? source[8] : nativeMin(data[8], source[8]);
      }
      // Use source `arity` if one is not provided.
      if (data[9] == null) {
        data[9] = source[9];
      }
      // Use source `func` and merge bitmasks.
      data[0] = source[0];
      data[1] = newBitmask;

      return data;
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.defaultsDeep` to customize its `_.merge` use.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} objValue The destination value.
     * @param {*} srcValue The source value.
     * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign.
     */
    function mergeDefaults(objValue, srcValue, key, object, source, stack) {
      if (isObject(objValue) && isObject(srcValue)) {
        stack.set(srcValue, objValue);
        baseMerge(objValue, srcValue, mergeDefaults, stack);
      }
      return objValue === undefined ? baseClone(srcValue) : objValue;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the parent value at `path` of `object`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {Array} path The path to get the parent value of.
     * @returns {*} Returns the parent value.
     */
    function parent(object, path) {
      return path.length == 1 ? object : get(object, baseSlice(path, 0, -1));
    }

    /**
     * Reorder `array` according to the specified indexes where the element at
     * the first index is assigned as the first element, the element at
     * the second index is assigned as the second element, and so on.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to reorder.
     * @param {Array} indexes The arranged array indexes.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     */
    function reorder(array, indexes) {
      var arrLength = array.length,
          length = nativeMin(indexes.length, arrLength),
          oldArray = copyArray(array);

      while (length--) {
        var index = indexes[length];
        array[length] = isIndex(index, arrLength) ? oldArray[index] : undefined;
      }
      return array;
    }

    /**
     * Sets metadata for `func`.
     *
     * **Note:** If this function becomes hot, i.e. is invoked a lot in a short
     * period of time, it will trip its breaker and transition to an identity function
     * to avoid garbage collection pauses in V8. See [V8 issue 2070](https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2070)
     * for more details.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
     * @param {*} data The metadata.
     * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
     */
    var setData = (function() {
      var count = 0,
          lastCalled = 0;

      return function(key, value) {
        var stamp = now(),
            remaining = HOT_SPAN - (stamp - lastCalled);

        lastCalled = stamp;
        if (remaining > 0) {
          if (++count >= HOT_COUNT) {
            return key;
          }
        } else {
          count = 0;
        }
        return baseSetData(key, value);
      };
    }());

    /**
     * Converts `string` to a property path array.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} string The string to convert.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the property path array.
     */
    function stringToPath(string) {
      var result = [];
      toString(string).replace(rePropName, function(match, number, quote, string) {
        result.push(quote ? string.replace(reEscapeChar, '$1') : (number || match));
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Converts `value` to an array-like object if it's not one.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to process.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the array-like object.
     */
    function toArrayLikeObject(value) {
      return isArrayLikeObject(value) ? value : [];
    }

    /**
     * Converts `value` to a function if it's not one.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to process.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the function.
     */
    function toFunction(value) {
      return typeof value == 'function' ? value : identity;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a clone of `wrapper`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} wrapper The wrapper to clone.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned wrapper.
     */
    function wrapperClone(wrapper) {
      if (wrapper instanceof LazyWrapper) {
        return wrapper.clone();
      }
      var result = new LodashWrapper(wrapper.__wrapped__, wrapper.__chain__);
      result.__actions__ = copyArray(wrapper.__actions__);
      result.__index__  = wrapper.__index__;
      result.__values__ = wrapper.__values__;
      return result;
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates an array of elements split into groups the length of `size`.
     * If `collection` can't be split evenly, the final chunk will be the remaining
     * elements.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {number} [size=0] The length of each chunk.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array containing chunks.
     * @example
     *
     * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 2);
     * // => [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']]
     *
     * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 3);
     * // => [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d']]
     */
    function chunk(array, size) {
      size = nativeMax(toInteger(size), 0);

      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (!length || size < 1) {
        return [];
      }
      var index = 0,
          resIndex = -1,
          result = Array(nativeCeil(length / size));

      while (index < length) {
        result[++resIndex] = baseSlice(array, index, (index += size));
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,
     * `0`, `""`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are falsey.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function compact(array) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          resIndex = -1,
          result = [];

      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (value) {
          result[++resIndex] = value;
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new array concatenating `array` with any additional arrays
     * and/or values.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to concatenate.
     * @param {...*} [values] The values to concatenate.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new concatenated array.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1];
     * var other = _.concat(array, 2, [3], [[4]]);
     *
     * console.log(other);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, [4]]
     *
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1]
     */
    var concat = rest(function(array, values) {
      values = baseFlatten(values);
      return arrayConcat(isArray(array) ? array : [Object(array)], values);
    });

    /**
     * Creates an array of unique `array` values not included in the other
     * provided arrays using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
     * for equality comparisons.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {...Array} [values] The values to exclude.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.difference([3, 2, 1], [4, 2]);
     * // => [3, 1]
     */
    var difference = rest(function(array, values) {
      return isArrayLikeObject(array)
        ? baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(values, false, true))
        : [];
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.difference` except that it accepts `iteratee` which
     * is invoked for each element of `array` and `values` to generate the criterion
     * by which uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {...Array} [values] The values to exclude.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.differenceBy([3.1, 2.2, 1.3], [4.4, 2.5], Math.floor);
     * // => [3.1, 1.3]
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.differenceBy([{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 1 }], 'x');
     * // => [{ 'x': 2 }]
     */
    var differenceBy = rest(function(array, values) {
      var iteratee = last(values);
      if (isArrayLikeObject(iteratee)) {
        iteratee = undefined;
      }
      return isArrayLikeObject(array)
        ? baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(values, false, true), getIteratee(iteratee))
        : [];
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.difference` except that it accepts `comparator`
     * which is invoked to compare elements of `array` to `values`. The comparator
     * is invoked with two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {...Array} [values] The values to exclude.
     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];
     *
     * _.differenceWith(objects, [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }], _.isEqual);
     * // => [{ 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }]
     */
    var differenceWith = rest(function(array, values) {
      var comparator = last(values);
      if (isArrayLikeObject(comparator)) {
        comparator = undefined;
      }
      return isArrayLikeObject(array)
        ? baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(values, false, true), undefined, comparator)
        : [];
    });

    /**
     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements dropped from the beginning.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to drop.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.drop([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [2, 3]
     *
     * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [3]
     *
     * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 5);
     * // => []
     *
     * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 0);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function drop(array, n, guard) {
      if (!(array && array.length)) {
        return [];
      }
      n = (guard || n === undefined) ? 1 : n;
      return baseSlice(array, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements dropped from the end.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to drop.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [1]
     *
     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
     * // => []
     *
     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function dropRight(array, n, guard) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (!length) {
        return [];
      }
      n = (guard || n === undefined) ? 1 : toInteger(n);
      n = length - n;
      return baseSlice(array, 0, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a slice of `array` excluding elements dropped from the end.
     * Elements are dropped until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
     * invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var resolve = _.partial(_.map, _, 'user');
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
     * ];
     *
     * resolve( _.dropRightWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; }) );
     * // => ['barney']
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.dropRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }) );
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.dropRightWhile(users, ['active', false]) );
     * // => ['barney']
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.dropRightWhile(users, 'active') );
     * // => ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
     */
    function dropRightWhile(array, predicate) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseWhile(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3), true, true)
        : [];
    }

    /**
     * Creates a slice of `array` excluding elements dropped from the beginning.
     * Elements are dropped until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
     * invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var resolve = _.partial(_.map, _, 'user');
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
     * ];
     *
     * resolve( _.dropWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; }) );
     * // => ['pebbles']
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.dropWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false }) );
     * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.dropWhile(users, ['active', false]) );
     * // => ['pebbles']
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.dropWhile(users, 'active') );
     * // => ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
     */
    function dropWhile(array, predicate) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseWhile(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3), true)
        : [];
    }

    /**
     * Fills elements of `array` with `value` from `start` up to, but not
     * including, `end`.
     *
     * **Note:** This method mutates `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to fill.
     * @param {*} value The value to fill `array` with.
     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3];
     *
     * _.fill(array, 'a');
     * console.log(array);
     * // => ['a', 'a', 'a']
     *
     * _.fill(Array(3), 2);
     * // => [2, 2, 2]
     *
     * _.fill([4, 6, 8, 10], '*', 1, 3);
     * // => [4, '*', '*', 10]
     */
    function fill(array, value, start, end) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (!length) {
        return [];
      }
      if (start && typeof start != 'number' && isIterateeCall(array, value, start)) {
        start = 0;
        end = length;
      }
      return baseFill(array, value, start, end);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first
     * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
     * ];
     *
     * _.findIndex(users, function(o) { return o.user == 'barney'; });
     * // => 0
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * _.findIndex(users, { 'user': 'fred', 'active': false });
     * // => 1
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * _.findIndex(users, ['active', false]);
     * // => 0
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.findIndex(users, 'active');
     * // => 2
     */
    function findIndex(array, predicate) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseFindIndex(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3))
        : -1;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it iterates over elements
     * of `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
     * ];
     *
     * _.findLastIndex(users, function(o) { return o.user == 'pebbles'; });
     * // => 2
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * _.findLastIndex(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true });
     * // => 0
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * _.findLastIndex(users, ['active', false]);
     * // => 2
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.findLastIndex(users, 'active');
     * // => 0
     */
    function findLastIndex(array, predicate) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseFindIndex(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3), true)
        : -1;
    }

    /**
     * Flattens `array` a single level.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.flatten([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, [4]]
     */
    function flatten(array) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      return length ? baseFlatten(array) : [];
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.flatten` except that it recursively flattens `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to recursively flatten.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.flattenDeep([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
     */
    function flattenDeep(array) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      return length ? baseFlatten(array, true) : [];
    }

    /**
     * Gets the first element of `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias first
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @returns {*} Returns the first element of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.head([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => 1
     *
     * _.head([]);
     * // => undefined
     */
    function head(array) {
      return array ? array[0] : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found in `array`
     * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
     * for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as the offset
     * from the end of `array`. If `array` is sorted providing `true` for `fromIndex`
     * performs a faster binary search.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
     * // => 1
     *
     * // using `fromIndex`
     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
     * // => 3
     */
    function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (!length) {
        return -1;
      }
      fromIndex = toInteger(fromIndex);
      if (fromIndex < 0) {
        fromIndex = nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0);
      }
      return baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex);
    }

    /**
     * Gets all but the last element of `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.initial([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [1, 2]
     */
    function initial(array) {
      return dropRight(array, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of unique values that are included in all of the provided
     * arrays using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
     * for equality comparisons.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of shared values.
     * @example
     * _.intersection([2, 1], [4, 2], [1, 2]);
     * // => [2]
     */
    var intersection = rest(function(arrays) {
      var mapped = arrayMap(arrays, toArrayLikeObject);
      return (mapped.length && mapped[0] === arrays[0])
        ? baseIntersection(mapped)
        : [];
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.intersection` except that it accepts `iteratee`
     * which is invoked for each element of each `arrays` to generate the criterion
     * by which uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of shared values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.intersectionBy([2.1, 1.2], [4.3, 2.4], Math.floor);
     * // => [2.1]
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.intersectionBy([{ 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
     * // => [{ 'x': 1 }]
     */
    var intersectionBy = rest(function(arrays) {
      var iteratee = last(arrays),
          mapped = arrayMap(arrays, toArrayLikeObject);

      if (iteratee === last(mapped)) {
        iteratee = undefined;
      } else {
        mapped.pop();
      }
      return (mapped.length && mapped[0] === arrays[0])
        ? baseIntersection(mapped, getIteratee(iteratee))
        : [];
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.intersection` except that it accepts `comparator`
     * which is invoked to compare elements of `arrays`. The comparator is invoked
     * with two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of shared values.
     * @example
     *
     * var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];
     * var others = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];
     *
     * _.intersectionWith(objects, others, _.isEqual);
     * // => [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }]
     */
    var intersectionWith = rest(function(arrays) {
      var comparator = last(arrays),
          mapped = arrayMap(arrays, toArrayLikeObject);

      if (comparator === last(mapped)) {
        comparator = undefined;
      } else {
        mapped.pop();
      }
      return (mapped.length && mapped[0] === arrays[0])
        ? baseIntersection(mapped, undefined, comparator)
        : [];
    });

    /**
     * Converts all elements in `array` into a string separated by `separator`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to convert.
     * @param {string} [separator=','] The element separator.
     * @returns {string} Returns the joined string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.join(['a', 'b', 'c'], '~');
     * // => 'a~b~c'
     */
    function join(array, separator) {
      return array ? nativeJoin.call(array, separator) : '';
    }

    /**
     * Gets the last element of `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @returns {*} Returns the last element of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => 3
     */
    function last(array) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      return length ? array[length - 1] : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.indexOf` except that it iterates over elements of
     * `array` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
     * // => 3
     *
     * // using `fromIndex`
     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
     * // => 1
     */
    function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (!length) {
        return -1;
      }
      var index = length;
      if (fromIndex !== undefined) {
        index = toInteger(fromIndex);
        index = (index < 0 ? nativeMax(length + index, 0) : nativeMin(index, length - 1)) + 1;
      }
      if (value !== value) {
        return indexOfNaN(array, index, true);
      }
      while (index--) {
        if (array[index] === value) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all provided values from `array` using
     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
     * for equality comparisons.
     *
     * **Note:** Unlike `_.without`, this method mutates `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {...*} [values] The values to remove.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];
     *
     * _.pull(array, 2, 3);
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 1]
     */
    var pull = rest(pullAll);

    /**
     * This method is like `_.pull` except that it accepts an array of values to remove.
     *
     * **Note:** Unlike `_.difference`, this method mutates `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {Array} values The values to remove.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];
     *
     * _.pull(array, [2, 3]);
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 1]
     */
    function pullAll(array, values) {
      return (array && array.length && values && values.length)
        ? basePullAll(array, values)
        : array;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.pullAll` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
     * invoked for each element of `array` and `values` to to generate the criterion
     * by which uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * **Note:** Unlike `_.differenceBy`, this method mutates `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {Array} values The values to remove.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 3 }, { 'x': 1 }];
     *
     * _.pullAllBy(array, [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 3 }], 'x');
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [{ 'x': 2 }]
     */
    function pullAllBy(array, values, iteratee) {
      return (array && array.length && values && values.length)
        ? basePullAllBy(array, values, getIteratee(iteratee))
        : array;
    }

    /**
     * Removes elements from `array` corresponding to `indexes` and returns an
     * array of removed elements.
     *
     * **Note:** Unlike `_.at`, this method mutates `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {...(number|number[])} [indexes] The indexes of elements to remove,
     *  specified individually or in arrays.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of removed elements.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [5, 10, 15, 20];
     * var evens = _.pullAt(array, 1, 3);
     *
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [5, 15]
     *
     * console.log(evens);
     * // => [10, 20]
     */
    var pullAt = rest(function(array, indexes) {
      indexes = arrayMap(baseFlatten(indexes), String);

      var result = baseAt(array, indexes);
      basePullAt(array, indexes.sort(compareAscending));
      return result;
    });

    /**
     * Removes all elements from `array` that `predicate` returns truthy for
     * and returns an array of the removed elements. The predicate is invoked with
     * three arguments: (value, index, array).
     *
     * **Note:** Unlike `_.filter`, this method mutates `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of removed elements.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
     * var evens = _.remove(array, function(n) {
     *   return n % 2 == 0;
     * });
     *
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 3]
     *
     * console.log(evens);
     * // => [2, 4]
     */
    function remove(array, predicate) {
      var result = [];
      if (!(array && array.length)) {
        return result;
      }
      var index = -1,
          indexes = [],
          length = array.length;

      predicate = getIteratee(predicate, 3);
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (predicate(value, index, array)) {
          result.push(value);
          indexes.push(index);
        }
      }
      basePullAt(array, indexes);
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Reverses `array` so that the first element becomes the last, the second
     * element becomes the second to last, and so on.
     *
     * **Note:** This method mutates `array`.
     *
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3];
     *
     * _.reverse(array);
     * // => [3, 2, 1]
     *
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [3, 2, 1]
     */
    function reverse(array) {
      return array ? nativeReverse.call(array) : array;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a slice of `array` from `start` up to, but not including, `end`.
     *
     * **Note:** This method is used instead of `Array#slice` to ensure dense
     * arrays are returned.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     */
    function slice(array, start, end) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (!length) {
        return [];
      }
      if (end && typeof end != 'number' && isIterateeCall(array, start, end)) {
        start = 0;
        end = length;
      }
      return baseSlice(array, start, end);
    }

    /**
     * Uses a binary search to determine the lowest index at which `value` should
     * be inserted into `array` in order to maintain its sort order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted into `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortedIndex([30, 50], 40);
     * // => 1
     *
     * _.sortedIndex([4, 5], 4);
     * // => 0
     */
    function sortedIndex(array, value) {
      return binaryIndex(array, value);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.sortedIndex` except that it accepts `iteratee`
     * which is invoked for `value` and each element of `array` to compute their
     * sort ranking. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted into `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var dict = { 'thirty': 30, 'forty': 40, 'fifty': 50 };
     *
     * _.sortedIndexBy(['thirty', 'fifty'], 'forty', _.propertyOf(dict));
     * // => 1
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.sortedIndexBy([{ 'x': 4 }, { 'x': 5 }], { 'x': 4 }, 'x');
     * // => 0
     */
    function sortedIndexBy(array, value, iteratee) {
      return binaryIndexBy(array, value, getIteratee(iteratee));
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.indexOf` except that it performs a binary
     * search on a sorted `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortedIndexOf([1, 1, 2, 2], 2);
     * // => 2
     */
    function sortedIndexOf(array, value) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (length) {
        var index = binaryIndex(array, value);
        if (index < length &&
            (value === value ? (value === array[index]) : (array[index] !== array[index]))) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.sortedIndex` except that it returns the highest
     * index at which `value` should be inserted into `array` in order to
     * maintain its sort order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted into `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortedLastIndex([4, 5], 4);
     * // => 1
     */
    function sortedLastIndex(array, value) {
      return binaryIndex(array, value, true);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.sortedLastIndex` except that it accepts `iteratee`
     * which is invoked for `value` and each element of `array` to compute their
     * sort ranking. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted into `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.sortedLastIndexBy([{ 'x': 4 }, { 'x': 5 }], { 'x': 4 }, 'x');
     * // => 1
     */
    function sortedLastIndexBy(array, value, iteratee) {
      return binaryIndexBy(array, value, getIteratee(iteratee), true);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.lastIndexOf` except that it performs a binary
     * search on a sorted `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortedLastIndexOf([1, 1, 2, 2], 2);
     * // => 3
     */
    function sortedLastIndexOf(array, value) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (length) {
        var index = binaryIndex(array, value, true) - 1,
            other = array[index];

        if (value === value ? (value === other) : (other !== other)) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.uniq` except that it's designed and optimized
     * for sorted arrays.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortedUniq([1, 1, 2]);
     * // => [1, 2]
     */
    function sortedUniq(array) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseSortedUniq(array)
        : [];
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.uniqBy` except that it's designed and optimized
     * for sorted arrays.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortedUniqBy([1.1, 1.2, 2.3, 2.4], Math.floor);
     * // => [1.1, 2.2]
     */
    function sortedUniqBy(array, iteratee) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseSortedUniqBy(array, getIteratee(iteratee))
        : [];
    }

    /**
     * Gets all but the first element of `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.tail([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [2, 3]
     */
    function tail(array) {
      return drop(array, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements taken from the beginning.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to take.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.take([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [1]
     *
     * _.take([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * _.take([1, 2, 3], 5);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * _.take([1, 2, 3], 0);
     * // => []
     */
    function take(array, n, guard) {
      if (!(array && array.length)) {
        return [];
      }
      n = (guard || n === undefined) ? 1 : n;
      return baseSlice(array, 0, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements taken from the end.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to take.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [3]
     *
     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [2, 3]
     *
     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
     * // => []
     */
    function takeRight(array, n, guard) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (!length) {
        return [];
      }
      n = (guard || n === undefined) ? 1 : toInteger(n);
      n = length - n;
      return baseSlice(array, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a slice of `array` with elements taken from the end. Elements are
     * taken until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is invoked with three
     * arguments: (value, index, array).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var resolve = _.partial(_.map, _, 'user');
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
     * ];
     *
     * resolve( _.takeRightWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; }) );
     * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.takeRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }) );
     * // => ['pebbles']
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.takeRightWhile(users, ['active', false]) );
     * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.takeRightWhile(users, 'active') );
     * // => []
     */
    function takeRightWhile(array, predicate) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseWhile(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3), false, true)
        : [];
    }

    /**
     * Creates a slice of `array` with elements taken from the beginning. Elements
     * are taken until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is invoked with
     * three arguments: (value, index, array).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var resolve = _.partial(_.map, _, 'user');
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false},
     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
     * ];
     *
     * resolve( _.takeWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; }) );
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.takeWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false }) );
     * // => ['barney']
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.takeWhile(users, ['active', false]) );
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.takeWhile(users, 'active') );
     * // => []
     */
    function takeWhile(array, predicate) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseWhile(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3))
        : [];
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of unique values, in order, from all of the provided arrays
     * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
     * for equality comparisons.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of combined values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.union([2, 1], [4, 2], [1, 2]);
     * // => [2, 1, 4]
     */
    var union = rest(function(arrays) {
      return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arrays, false, true));
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.union` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
     * invoked for each element of each `arrays` to generate the criterion by which
     * uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of combined values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.unionBy([2.1, 1.2], [4.3, 2.4], Math.floor);
     * // => [2.1, 1.2, 4.3]
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.unionBy([{ 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
     * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
     */
    var unionBy = rest(function(arrays) {
      var iteratee = last(arrays);
      if (isArrayLikeObject(iteratee)) {
        iteratee = undefined;
      }
      return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arrays, false, true), getIteratee(iteratee));
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.union` except that it accepts `comparator` which
     * is invoked to compare elements of `arrays`. The comparator is invoked
     * with two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of combined values.
     * @example
     *
     * var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];
     * var others = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];
     *
     * _.unionWith(objects, others, _.isEqual);
     * // => [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }]
     */
    var unionWith = rest(function(arrays) {
      var comparator = last(arrays);
      if (isArrayLikeObject(comparator)) {
        comparator = undefined;
      }
      return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arrays, false, true), undefined, comparator);
    });

    /**
     * Creates a duplicate-free version of an array, using
     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
     * for equality comparisons, in which only the first occurrence of each element
     * is kept.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.uniq([2, 1, 2]);
     * // => [2, 1]
     */
    function uniq(array) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseUniq(array)
        : [];
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.uniq` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
     * invoked for each element in `array` to generate the criterion by which
     * uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.uniqBy([2.1, 1.2, 2.3], Math.floor);
     * // => [2.1, 1.2]
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.uniqBy([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
     * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
     */
    function uniqBy(array, iteratee) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseUniq(array, getIteratee(iteratee))
        : [];
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.uniq` except that it accepts `comparator` which
     * is invoked to compare elements of `array`. The comparator is invoked with
     * two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
     * @example
     *
     * var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 },  { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];
     *
     * _.uniqWith(objects, _.isEqual);
     * // => [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }]
     */
    function uniqWith(array, comparator) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseUniq(array, undefined, comparator)
        : [];
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.zip` except that it accepts an array of grouped
     * elements and creates an array regrouping the elements to their pre-zip
     * configuration.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array of grouped elements to process.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of regrouped elements.
     * @example
     *
     * var zipped = _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
     * // => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]
     *
     * _.unzip(zipped);
     * // => [['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]]
     */
    function unzip(array) {
      if (!(array && array.length)) {
        return [];
      }
      var length = 0;
      array = arrayFilter(array, function(group) {
        if (isArrayLikeObject(group)) {
          length = nativeMax(group.length, length);
          return true;
        }
      });
      return baseTimes(length, function(index) {
        return arrayMap(array, baseProperty(index));
      });
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.unzip` except that it accepts `iteratee` to specify
     * how regrouped values should be combined. The iteratee is invoked with four
     * arguments: (accumulator, value, index, group). The first element of each
     * group is used as the initial `accumulator` value.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array of grouped elements to process.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function to combine regrouped values.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of regrouped elements.
     * @example
     *
     * var zipped = _.zip([1, 2], [10, 20], [100, 200]);
     * // => [[1, 10, 100], [2, 20, 200]]
     *
     * _.unzipWith(zipped, _.add);
     * // => [3, 30, 300]
     */
    function unzipWith(array, iteratee) {
      if (!(array && array.length)) {
        return [];
      }
      var result = unzip(array);
      if (iteratee == null) {
        return result;
      }
      return arrayMap(result, function(group) {
        return arrayReduce(group, iteratee, undefined, true);
      });
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array excluding all provided values using
     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
     * for equality comparisons.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
     * @param {...*} [values] The values to exclude.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.without([1, 2, 1, 3], 1, 2);
     * // => [3]
     */
    var without = rest(function(array, values) {
      return isArrayLikeObject(array)
        ? baseDifference(array, values)
        : [];
    });

    /**
     * Creates an array of unique values that is the [symmetric difference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference)
     * of the provided arrays.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.xor([2, 1], [4, 2]);
     * // => [1, 4]
     */
    var xor = rest(function(arrays) {
      return baseXor(arrayFilter(arrays, isArrayLikeObject));
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.xor` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
     * invoked for each element of each `arrays` to generate the criterion by which
     * uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.xorBy([2.1, 1.2], [4.3, 2.4], Math.floor);
     * // => [1.2, 4.3]
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.xorBy([{ 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
     * // => [{ 'x': 2 }]
     */
    var xorBy = rest(function(arrays) {
      var iteratee = last(arrays);
      if (isArrayLikeObject(iteratee)) {
        iteratee = undefined;
      }
      return baseXor(arrayFilter(arrays, isArrayLikeObject), getIteratee(iteratee));
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.xor` except that it accepts `comparator` which is
     * invoked to compare elements of `arrays`. The comparator is invoked with
     * two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of values.
     * @example
     *
     * var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];
     * var others = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];
     *
     * _.xorWith(objects, others, _.isEqual);
     * // => [{ 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }]
     */
    var xorWith = rest(function(arrays) {
      var comparator = last(arrays);
      if (isArrayLikeObject(comparator)) {
        comparator = undefined;
      }
      return baseXor(arrayFilter(arrays, isArrayLikeObject), undefined, comparator);
    });

    /**
     * Creates an array of grouped elements, the first of which contains the first
     * elements of the given arrays, the second of which contains the second elements
     * of the given arrays, and so on.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to process.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of grouped elements.
     * @example
     *
     * _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
     * // => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]
     */
    var zip = rest(unzip);

    /**
     * The inverse of `_.pairs`; this method returns an object composed from arrays
     * of property names and values. Provide either a single two dimensional array,
     * e.g. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]` or two arrays, one of property names
     * and one of corresponding values.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {Array} props The property names.
     * @param {Array} [values=[]] The property values.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.zipObject([['fred', 30], ['barney', 40]]);
     * // => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }
     *
     * _.zipObject(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40]);
     * // => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }
     */
    function zipObject(props, values) {
      var index = -1,
          length = props ? props.length : 0,
          result = {};

      if (length && !values && !isArray(props[0])) {
        values = [];
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        var key = props[index];
        if (values) {
          baseSet(result, key, values[index]);
        } else if (key) {
          baseSet(result, key[0], key[1]);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.zip` except that it accepts `iteratee` to specify
     * how grouped values should be combined. The iteratee is invoked with four
     * arguments: (accumulator, value, index, group). The first element of each
     * group is used as the initial `accumulator` value.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Array
     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to process.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function to combine grouped values.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of grouped elements.
     * @example
     *
     * _.zipWith([1, 2], [10, 20], [100, 200], _.add);
     * // => [111, 222]
     */
    var zipWith = rest(function(arrays) {
      var length = arrays.length,
          iteratee = length > 1 ? arrays[length - 1] : undefined;

      iteratee = typeof iteratee == 'function' ? (arrays.pop(), iteratee) : undefined;
      return unzipWith(arrays, iteratee);
    });

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a `lodash` object that wraps `value` with explicit method chaining enabled.
     * The result of such method chaining must be unwrapped with `_#value`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chain
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
     * ];
     *
     * var youngest = _
     *   .chain(users)
     *   .sortBy('age')
     *   .map(function(o) {
     *     return o.user + ' is ' + o.age;
     *   })
     *   .head()
     *   .value();
     * // => 'pebbles is 1'
     */
    function chain(value) {
      var result = lodash(value);
      result.__chain__ = true;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * This method invokes `interceptor` and returns `value`. The interceptor is
     * invoked with one argument; (value). The purpose of this method is to "tap into"
     * a method chain in order to perform operations on intermediate results within
     * the chain.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chain
     * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
     * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3])
     *  .tap(function(array) {
     *    array.pop();
     *  })
     *  .reverse()
     *  .value();
     * // => [2, 1]
     */
    function tap(value, interceptor) {
      interceptor(value);
      return value;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.tap` except that it returns the result of `interceptor`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chain
     * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
     * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
     * @returns {*} Returns the result of `interceptor`.
     * @example
     *
     * _('  abc  ')
     *  .chain()
     *  .trim()
     *  .thru(function(value) {
     *    return [value];
     *  })
     *  .value();
     * // => ['abc']
     */
    function thru(value, interceptor) {
      return interceptor(value);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a wrapped array of values corresponding to `paths` of the wrapped object.
     *
     * @name at
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chain
     * @param {...(string|string[])} [paths] The property paths of elements to pick,
     *  specified individually or in arrays.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }, 4] };
     *
     * _(object).at(['a[0].b.c', 'a[1]']);
     * // => [3, 4]
     *
     * _(['a', 'b', 'c']).at(0, 2);
     * // => ['a', 'c']
     */
    var wrapperAt = rest(function(paths) {
      paths = baseFlatten(paths);
      var length = paths.length,
          start = length ? paths[0] : 0,
          value = this.__wrapped__,
          interceptor = function(object) { return baseAt(object, paths); };

      if (length > 1 || this.__actions__.length || !(value instanceof LazyWrapper) || !isIndex(start)) {
        return this.thru(interceptor);
      }
      value = value.slice(start, +start + (length ? 1 : 0));
      value.__actions__.push({ 'func': thru, 'args': [interceptor], 'thisArg': undefined });
      return new LodashWrapper(value, this.__chain__).thru(function(object) {
        if (length && !object.length) {
          object.push(undefined);
        }
        return object;
      });
    });

    /**
     * Enables explicit method chaining on the wrapper object.
     *
     * @name chain
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chain
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * // without explicit chaining
     * _(users).head();
     * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
     *
     * // with explicit chaining
     * _(users)
     *   .chain()
     *   .head()
     *   .pick('user')
     *   .value();
     * // => { 'user': 'barney' }
     */
    function wrapperChain() {
      return chain(this);
    }

    /**
     * Executes the chained sequence and returns the wrapped result.
     *
     * @name commit
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chain
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2];
     * var wrapped = _(array).push(3);
     *
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * wrapped = wrapped.commit();
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * wrapped.last();
     * // => 3
     *
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function wrapperCommit() {
      return new LodashWrapper(this.value(), this.__chain__);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the next value on a wrapped object following the
     * [iterator protocol](https://mdn.io/iteration_protocols#iterator).
     *
     * @name next
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chain
     * @returns {Object} Returns the next iterator value.
     * @example
     *
     * var wrapped = _([1, 2]);
     *
     * wrapped.next();
     * // => { 'done': false, 'value': 1 }
     *
     * wrapped.next();
     * // => { 'done': false, 'value': 2 }
     *
     * wrapped.next();
     * // => { 'done': true, 'value': undefined }
     */
    function wrapperNext() {
      if (this.__values__ === undefined) {
        this.__values__ = toArray(this.value());
      }
      var done = this.__index__ >= this.__values__.length,
          value = done ? undefined : this.__values__[this.__index__++];

      return { 'done': done, 'value': value };
    }

    /**
     * Enables the wrapper to be iterable.
     *
     * @name Symbol.iterator
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chain
     * @returns {Object} Returns the wrapper object.
     * @example
     *
     * var wrapped = _([1, 2]);
     *
     * wrapped[Symbol.iterator]() === wrapped;
     * // => true
     *
     * Array.from(wrapped);
     * // => [1, 2]
     */
    function wrapperToIterator() {
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a clone of the chained sequence planting `value` as the wrapped value.
     *
     * @name plant
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chain
     * @param {*} value The value to plant.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
     * @example
     *
     * function square(n) {
     *   return n * n;
     * }
     *
     * var wrapped = _([1, 2]).map(square);
     * var other = wrapped.plant([3, 4]);
     *
     * other.value();
     * // => [9, 16]
     *
     * wrapped.value();
     * // => [1, 4]
     */
    function wrapperPlant(value) {
      var result,
          parent = this;

      while (parent instanceof baseLodash) {
        var clone = wrapperClone(parent);
        clone.__index__ = 0;
        clone.__values__ = undefined;
        if (result) {
          previous.__wrapped__ = clone;
        } else {
          result = clone;
        }
        var previous = clone;
        parent = parent.__wrapped__;
      }
      previous.__wrapped__ = value;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Reverses the wrapped array so that the first element becomes the last,
     * the second element becomes the second to last, and so on.
     *
     * **Note:** This method mutates the wrapped array.
     *
     * @name reverse
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chain
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3];
     *
     * _(array).reverse().value()
     * // => [3, 2, 1]
     *
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [3, 2, 1]
     */
    function wrapperReverse() {
      var value = this.__wrapped__;
      if (value instanceof LazyWrapper) {
        var wrapped = value;
        if (this.__actions__.length) {
          wrapped = new LazyWrapper(this);
        }
        wrapped = wrapped.reverse();
        wrapped.__actions__.push({ 'func': thru, 'args': [reverse], 'thisArg': undefined });
        return new LodashWrapper(wrapped, this.__chain__);
      }
      return this.thru(reverse);
    }

    /**
     * Executes the chained sequence to extract the unwrapped value.
     *
     * @name value
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias run, toJSON, valueOf
     * @category Chain
     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved unwrapped value.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).value();
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function wrapperValue() {
      return baseWrapperValue(this.__wrapped__, this.__actions__);
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
     * of each key is the number of times the key was returned by `iteratee`.
     * The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.countBy([6.1, 4.2, 6.3], Math.floor);
     * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
     *
     * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
     * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
     */
    var countBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? ++result[key] : (result[key] = 1);
    });

    /**
     * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **all** elements of `collection`.
     * Iteration is stopped once `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
     * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
     * // => false
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
     * ];
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * _.every(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
     * // => false
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * _.every(users, ['active', false]);
     * // => true
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.every(users, 'active');
     * // => false
     */
    function every(collection, predicate, guard) {
      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayEvery : baseEvery;
      if (guard && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, guard)) {
        predicate = undefined;
      }
      return func(collection, getIteratee(predicate, 3));
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning an array of all elements
     * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three arguments:
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
     * @example
     *
     * var resolve = _.partial(_.map, _, 'user');
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
     * ];
     *
     * resolve( _.filter(users, function(o) { return !o.active; }) );
     * // => ['fred']
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.filter(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true }) );
     * // => ['barney']
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.filter(users, ['active', false]) );
     * // => ['fred']
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.filter(users, 'active') );
     * // => ['barney']
     */
    function filter(collection, predicate) {
      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
      return func(collection, getIteratee(predicate, 3));
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning the first element
     * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three arguments:
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * var resolve = _.partial(_.result, _, 'user');
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
     * ];
     *
     * resolve( _.find(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; }) );
     * // => 'barney'
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.find(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true }) );
     * // => 'pebbles'
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.find(users, ['active', false]) );
     * // => 'fred'
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.find(users, 'active') );
     * // => 'barney'
     */
    function find(collection, predicate) {
      predicate = getIteratee(predicate, 3);
      if (isArray(collection)) {
        var index = baseFindIndex(collection, predicate);
        return index > -1 ? collection[index] : undefined;
      }
      return baseFind(collection, predicate, baseEach);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.find` except that it iterates over elements of
     * `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.findLast([1, 2, 3, 4], function(n) {
     *   return n % 2 == 1;
     * });
     * // => 3
     */
    function findLast(collection, predicate) {
      predicate = getIteratee(predicate, 3);
      if (isArray(collection)) {
        var index = baseFindIndex(collection, predicate, true);
        return index > -1 ? collection[index] : undefined;
      }
      return baseFind(collection, predicate, baseEachRight);
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of `collection` invoking `iteratee` for each element.
     * The iteratee is invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
     * Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * **Note:** As with other "Collections" methods, objects with a "length" property
     * are iterated like arrays. To avoid this behavior use `_.forIn` or `_.forOwn`
     * for object iteration.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias each
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2]).forEach(function(value) {
     *   console.log(value);
     * });
     * // => logs `1` then `2`
     *
     * _.forEach({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(value, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'a' then 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     */
    function forEach(collection, iteratee) {
      return (typeof iteratee == 'function' && isArray(collection))
        ? arrayEach(collection, iteratee)
        : baseEach(collection, toFunction(iteratee));
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forEach` except that it iterates over elements of
     * `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias eachRight
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.forEachRight([1, 2], function(value) {
     *   console.log(value);
     * });
     * // => logs `2` then `1`
     */
    function forEachRight(collection, iteratee) {
      return (typeof iteratee == 'function' && isArray(collection))
        ? arrayEachRight(collection, iteratee)
        : baseEachRight(collection, toFunction(iteratee));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
     * of each key is an array of the elements responsible for generating the key.
     * The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.groupBy([6.1, 4.2, 6.3], Math.floor);
     * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.3] }
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
     * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
     */
    var groupBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      if (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key)) {
        result[key].push(value);
      } else {
        result[key] = [value];
      }
    });

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is in `collection` using
     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
     * for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as the offset
     * from the end of `collection`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.reduce`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.includes({ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'fred');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.includes('pebbles', 'eb');
     * // => true
     */
    function includes(collection, value, fromIndex, guard) {
      collection = isArrayLike(collection) ? collection : values(collection);
      fromIndex = (fromIndex && !guard) ? toInteger(fromIndex) : 0;

      var length = collection.length;
      if (fromIndex < 0) {
        fromIndex = nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0);
      }
      return isString(collection)
        ? (fromIndex <= length && collection.indexOf(value, fromIndex) > -1)
        : (!!length && baseIndexOf(collection, value, fromIndex) > -1);
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the method at `path` of each element in `collection`, returning
     * an array of the results of each invoked method. Any additional arguments
     * are provided to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function it's
     * invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in `collection`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Array|Function|string} path The path of the method to invoke or
     *  the function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
     * @example
     *
     * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
     * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
     *
     * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
     * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
     */
    var invoke = rest(function(collection, path, args) {
      var index = -1,
          isFunc = typeof path == 'function',
          isProp = isKey(path),
          result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];

      baseEach(collection, function(value) {
        var func = isFunc ? path : ((isProp && value != null) ? value[path] : undefined);
        result[++index] = func ? func.apply(value, args) : invokePath(value, path, args);
      });
      return result;
    });

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
     * of each key is the last element responsible for generating the key. The
     * iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * var keyData = [
     *   { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 },
     *   { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.keyBy(keyData, 'dir');
     * // => { 'left': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'right': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
     *
     * _.keyBy(keyData, function(o) {
     *   return String.fromCharCode(o.code);
     * });
     * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
     */
    var keyBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      result[key] = value;
    });

    /**
     * Creates an array of values by running each element in `collection` through
     * `iteratee`. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
     * `_.every`, `_.filter`, `_.map`, `_.mapValues`, `_.reject`, and `_.some`.
     *
     * The guarded methods are:
     * `ary`, `callback`, `curry`, `curryRight`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `every`,
     * `fill`, `invert`, `parseInt`, `random`, `range`, `slice`, `some`, `sortBy`,
     * `take`, `takeRight`, `template`, `trim`, `trimLeft`, `trimRight`, `uniq`,
     * and `words`
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
     * @example
     *
     * function square(n) {
     *   return n * n;
     * }
     *
     * _.map([1, 2], square);
     * // => [3, 6]
     *
     * _.map({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, square);
     * // => [3, 6] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney' },
     *   { 'user': 'fred' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.map(users, 'user');
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     */
    function map(collection, iteratee) {
      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayMap : baseMap;
      return func(collection, getIteratee(iteratee, 3));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of elements split into two groups, the first of which
     * contains elements `predicate` returns truthy for, while the second of which
     * contains elements `predicate` returns falsey for. The predicate is invoked
     * with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of grouped elements.
     * @example
     *
     * var resolve = function(result) {
     *   return _.map(result, function(array) { return _.map(array, 'user'); });
     * };
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': true },
     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': false }
     * ];
     *
     * resolve( _.partition(users, function(o) { return o.active; }) );
     * // => [['fred'], ['barney', 'pebbles']]
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.partition(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': false }) );
     * // => [['pebbles'], ['barney', 'fred']]
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.partition(users, ['active', false]) );
     * // => [['barney', 'pebbles'], ['fred']]
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.partition(users, 'active') );
     * // => [['fred'], ['barney', 'pebbles']]
     */
    var partition = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      result[key ? 0 : 1].push(value);
    }, function() { return [[], []]; });

    /**
     * Reduces `collection` to a value which is the accumulated result of running
     * each element in `collection` through `iteratee`, where each successive
     * invocation is supplied the return value of the previous. If `accumulator`
     * is not provided the first element of `collection` is used as the initial
     * value. The iteratee is invoked with four arguments:
     * (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
     * `_.reduce`, `_.reduceRight`, and `_.transform`.
     *
     * The guarded methods are:
     * `assign`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`, `includes`, `merge`, `sortBy`,
     * and `sortByOrder`
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.reduce([1, 2], function(sum, n) {
     *   return sum + n;
     * });
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 }, function(result, value, key) {
     *   (result[value] || (result[value] = [])).push(key);
     *   return result;
     * }, {});
     * // => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     */
    function reduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator) {
      var initFromCollection = arguments.length < 3;
      return (typeof iteratee == 'function' && isArray(collection))
        ? arrayReduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initFromCollection)
        : baseReduce(collection, getIteratee(iteratee, 4), accumulator, initFromCollection, baseEach);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.reduce` except that it iterates over elements of
     * `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
     *
     * _.reduceRight(array, function(flattened, other) {
     *   return flattened.concat(other);
     * }, []);
     * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
     */
    function reduceRight(collection, iteratee, accumulator) {
      var initFromCollection = arguments.length < 3;
      return (typeof iteratee == 'function' && isArray(collection))
        ? arrayReduceRight(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initFromCollection)
        : baseReduce(collection, getIteratee(iteratee, 4), accumulator, initFromCollection, baseEachRight);
    }

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.filter`; this method returns the elements of `collection`
     * that `predicate` does **not** return truthy for.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
     * @example
     *
     * var resolve = _.partial(_.map, _, 'user');
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': true }
     * ];
     *
     * resolve( _.reject(users, function(o) { return !o.active; }) );
     * // => ['fred']
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.reject(users, { 'age': 40, 'active': true }) );
     * // => ['barney']
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.reject(users, ['active', false]) );
     * // => ['fred']
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * resolve( _.reject(users, 'active') );
     * // => ['barney']
     */
    function reject(collection, predicate) {
      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
      predicate = getIteratee(predicate, 3);
      return func(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        return !predicate(value, index, collection);
      });
    }

    /**
     * Gets a random element from `collection`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to sample.
     * @returns {*} Returns the random element.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4]);
     * // => 2
     */
    function sample(collection) {
      var array = isArrayLike(collection) ? collection : values(collection),
          length = array.length;

      return length > 0 ? array[baseRandom(0, length - 1)] : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * Gets `n` random elements from `collection`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to sample.
     * @param {number} [n=0] The number of elements to sample.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the random elements.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sampleSize([1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
     * // => [3, 1]
     */
    function sampleSize(collection, n) {
      var index = -1,
          result = toArray(collection),
          length = result.length,
          lastIndex = length - 1;

      n = clamp(toInteger(n), 0, length);
      while (++index < n) {
        var rand = baseRandom(index, lastIndex),
            value = result[rand];

        result[rand] = result[index];
        result[index] = value;
      }
      result.length = n;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of shuffled values, using a version of the
     * [Fisher-Yates shuffle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to shuffle.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new shuffled array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4]);
     * // => [4, 1, 3, 2]
     */
    function shuffle(collection) {
      return sampleSize(collection, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the size of `collection` by returning its length for array-like
     * values or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to inspect.
     * @returns {number} Returns the collection size.
     * @example
     *
     * _.size([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.size({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
     * // => 2
     *
     * _.size('pebbles');
     * // => 7
     */
    function size(collection) {
      if (collection == null) {
        return 0;
      }
      if (isArrayLike(collection)) {
        var result = collection.length;
        return (result && isString(collection)) ? stringSize(collection) : result;
      }
      return keys(collection).length;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **any** element of `collection`.
     * Iteration is stopped once `predicate` returns truthy. The predicate is
     * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
     * // => true
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
     * ];
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * _.some(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
     * // => false
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * _.some(users, ['active', false]);
     * // => true
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.some(users, 'active');
     * // => true
     */
    function some(collection, predicate, guard) {
      var func = isArray(collection) ? arraySome : baseSome;
      if (guard && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, guard)) {
        predicate = undefined;
      }
      return func(collection, getIteratee(predicate, 3));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
     * running each element in a collection through each iteratee. This method
     * performs a stable sort, that is, it preserves the original sort order of
     * equal elements. The iteratees are invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {...(Function|Function[]|Object|Object[]|string|string[])} [iteratees=[_.identity]]
     *  The iteratees to sort by, specified individually or in arrays.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
     * @example
     *
     * var resolve = _.partial(_.map, _, _.values);
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 42 },
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 }
     * ];
     *
     * resolve( _.sortBy(users, function(o) { return o.user; }) );
     * // => // => [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]
     *
     * resolve( _.sortBy(users, ['user', 'age']) );
     * // => [['barney', 34], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 42], ['fred', 48]]
     *
     * resolve( _.sortBy(users, 'user', function(o) {
     *   return Math.floor(o.age / 10);
     * }) );
     * // => [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]
     */
    var sortBy = rest(function(collection, iteratees) {
      if (collection == null) {
        return [];
      }
      var length = iteratees.length;
      if (length > 1 && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratees[0], iteratees[1])) {
        iteratees = [];
      } else if (length > 2 && isIterateeCall(iteratees[0], iteratees[1], iteratees[2])) {
        iteratees.length = 1;
      }
      return baseSortByOrder(collection, baseFlatten(iteratees), []);
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.sortBy` except that it allows specifying the
     * sort orders of the iteratees to sort by. If `orders` is unspecified, all
     * values are sorted in ascending order. Otherwise, a value is sorted in
     * ascending order if its corresponding order is "asc", and descending if "desc".
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collection
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function[]|Object[]|string[]} [iteratees=[_.identity]] The iteratees to sort by.
     * @param {string[]} [orders] The sort orders of `iteratees`.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.reduce`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
     * @example
     *
     * var resolve = _.partial(_.map, _, _.values);
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 42 },
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
     * ];
     *
     * // sort by `user` in ascending order and by `age` in descending order
     * resolve( _.sortByOrder(users, ['user', 'age'], ['asc', 'desc']) );
     * // => [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]
     */
    function sortByOrder(collection, iteratees, orders, guard) {
      if (collection == null) {
        return [];
      }
      if (!isArray(iteratees)) {
        iteratees = iteratees == null ? [] : [iteratees];
      }
      orders = guard ? undefined : orders;
      if (!isArray(orders)) {
        orders = orders == null ? [] : [orders];
      }
      return baseSortByOrder(collection, iteratees, orders);
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Gets the timestamp of the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since
     * the Unix epoch (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Date
     * @returns {number} Returns the timestamp.
     * @example
     *
     * _.defer(function(stamp) {
     *   console.log(_.now() - stamp);
     * }, _.now());
     * // => logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred function to be invoked
     */
    var now = Date.now;

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.before`; this method creates a function that invokes
     * `func` once it's called `n` or more times.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {number} n The number of calls before `func` is invoked.
     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
     * @example
     *
     * var saves = ['profile', 'settings'];
     *
     * var done = _.after(saves.length, function() {
     *   console.log('done saving!');
     * });
     *
     * _.forEach(saves, function(type) {
     *   asyncSave({ 'type': type, 'complete': done });
     * });
     * // => logs 'done saving!' after the two async saves have completed
     */
    function after(n, func) {
      if (typeof func != 'function') {
        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
      }
      n = toInteger(n);
      return function() {
        if (--n < 1) {
          return func.apply(this, arguments);
        }
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that accepts up to `n` arguments, ignoring any
     * additional arguments.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.
     * @param {number} [n=func.length] The arity cap.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * _.map(['6', '8', '10'], _.ary(parseInt, 1));
     * // => [6, 8, 10]
     */
    function ary(func, n, guard) {
      n = guard ? undefined : n;
      n = (func && n == null) ? func.length : n;
      return createWrapper(func, ARY_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, n);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes `func`, with the `this` binding and arguments
     * of the created function, while it's called less than `n` times. Subsequent
     * calls to the created function return the result of the last `func` invocation.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {number} n The number of calls at which `func` is no longer invoked.
     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
     * @example
     *
     * jQuery('#add').on('click', _.before(5, addContactToList));
     * // => allows adding up to 4 contacts to the list
     */
    function before(n, func) {
      var result;
      if (typeof func != 'function') {
        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
      }
      n = toInteger(n);
      return function() {
        if (--n > 0) {
          result = func.apply(this, arguments);
        }
        if (n <= 1) {
          func = undefined;
        }
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of `thisArg`
     * and prepends any additional `_.bind` arguments to those provided to the
     * bound function.
     *
     * The `_.bind.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
     * may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
     *
     * **Note:** Unlike native `Function#bind` this method doesn't set the "length"
     * property of bound functions.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
     * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
     * @example
     *
     * var greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
     *   return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
     * };
     *
     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
     *
     * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, 'hi');
     * bound('!');
     * // => 'hi fred!'
     *
     * // using placeholders
     * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, _, '!');
     * bound('hi');
     * // => 'hi fred!'
     */
    var bind = rest(function(func, thisArg, partials) {
      var bitmask = BIND_FLAG;
      if (partials.length) {
        var holders = replaceHolders(partials, bind.placeholder);
        bitmask |= PARTIAL_FLAG;
      }
      return createWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders);
    });

    /**
     * Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing
     * method.
     *
     * **Note:** This method doesn't set the "length" property of bound functions.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
     * @param {...(string|string[])} methodNames The object method names to bind,
     *  specified individually or in arrays.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * var view = {
     *   'label': 'docs',
     *   'onClick': function() {
     *     console.log('clicked ' + this.label);
     *   }
     * };
     *
     * _.bindAll(view, 'onClick');
     * jQuery('#docs').on('click', view.onClick);
     * // => logs 'clicked docs' when the element is clicked
     */
    var bindAll = rest(function(object, methodNames) {
      arrayEach(baseFlatten(methodNames), function(key) {
        object[key] = bind(object[key], object);
      });
      return object;
    });

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes the method at `object[key]` and prepends
     * any additional `_.bindKey` arguments to those provided to the bound function.
     *
     * This method differs from `_.bind` by allowing bound functions to reference
     * methods that may be redefined or don't yet exist.
     * See [Peter Michaux's article](http://peter.michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern)
     * for more details.
     *
     * The `_.bindKey.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Object} object The object the method belongs to.
     * @param {string} key The key of the method.
     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = {
     *   'user': 'fred',
     *   'greet': function(greeting, punctuation) {
     *     return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
     *   }
     * };
     *
     * var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', 'hi');
     * bound('!');
     * // => 'hi fred!'
     *
     * object.greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
     *   return greeting + 'ya ' + this.user + punctuation;
     * };
     *
     * bound('!');
     * // => 'hiya fred!'
     *
     * // using placeholders
     * var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', _, '!');
     * bound('hi');
     * // => 'hiya fred!'
     */
    var bindKey = rest(function(object, key, partials) {
      var bitmask = BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG;
      if (partials.length) {
        var holders = replaceHolders(partials, bindKey.placeholder);
        bitmask |= PARTIAL_FLAG;
      }
      return createWrapper(key, bitmask, object, partials, holders);
    });

    /**
     * Creates a function that accepts one or more arguments of `func` that when
     * called either invokes `func` returning its result, if all `func` arguments
     * have been provided, or returns a function that accepts one or more of the
     * remaining `func` arguments, and so on. The arity of `func` may be specified
     * if `func.length` is not sufficient.
     *
     * The `_.curry.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
     * may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.
     *
     * **Note:** This method doesn't set the "length" property of curried functions.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
     * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
     * @example
     *
     * var abc = function(a, b, c) {
     *   return [a, b, c];
     * };
     *
     * var curried = _.curry(abc);
     *
     * curried(1)(2)(3);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * curried(1, 2)(3);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * curried(1, 2, 3);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * // using placeholders
     * curried(1)(_, 3)(2);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function curry(func, arity, guard) {
      arity = guard ? undefined : arity;
      var result = createWrapper(func, CURRY_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, arity);
      result.placeholder = curry.placeholder;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.curry` except that arguments are applied to `func`
     * in the manner of `_.partialRight` instead of `_.partial`.
     *
     * The `_.curryRight.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.
     *
     * **Note:** This method doesn't set the "length" property of curried functions.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
     * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
     * @example
     *
     * var abc = function(a, b, c) {
     *   return [a, b, c];
     * };
     *
     * var curried = _.curryRight(abc);
     *
     * curried(3)(2)(1);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * curried(2, 3)(1);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * curried(1, 2, 3);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * // using placeholders
     * curried(3)(1, _)(2);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function curryRight(func, arity, guard) {
      arity = guard ? undefined : arity;
      var result = createWrapper(func, CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, arity);
      result.placeholder = curryRight.placeholder;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait`
     * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was
     * invoked. The debounced function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel
     * delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to immediately invoke them.
     * Provide an options object to indicate that `func` should be invoked on the
     * leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the
     * debounced function return the result of the last `func` invocation.
     *
     * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is invoked
     * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the debounced function is
     * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
     *
     * See [David Corbacho's article](http://drupalmotion.com/article/debounce-and-throttle-visual-explanation)
     * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
     * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false] Specify invoking on the leading
     *  edge of the timeout.
     * @param {number} [options.maxWait] The maximum time `func` is allowed to be
     *  delayed before it's invoked.
     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify invoking on the trailing
     *  edge of the timeout.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
     * @example
     *
     * // avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux
     * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));
     *
     * // invoke `sendMail` when the click event is fired, debouncing subsequent calls
     * jQuery('#postbox').on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
     *   'leading': true,
     *   'trailing': false
     * }));
     *
     * // ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls
     * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
     * jQuery(source).on('message', _.debounce(batchLog, 250, {
     *   'maxWait': 1000
     * }));
     *
     * // cancel a debounced call
     * var todoChanges = _.debounce(batchLog, 1000);
     * Object.observe(models.todo, todoChanges);
     *
     * Object.observe(models, function(changes) {
     *   if (_.find(changes, { 'user': 'todo', 'type': 'delete'})) {
     *     todoChanges.cancel();
     *   }
     * }, ['delete']);
     *
     * // ...at some point `models.todo` is changed
     * models.todo.completed = true;
     *
     * // ...before 1 second has passed `models.todo` is deleted
     * // which cancels the debounced `todoChanges` call
     * delete models.todo;
     */
    function debounce(func, wait, options) {
      var args,
          maxTimeoutId,
          result,
          stamp,
          thisArg,
          timeoutId,
          trailingCall,
          lastCalled = 0,
          leading = false,
          maxWait = false,
          trailing = true;

      if (typeof func != 'function') {
        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
      }
      wait = toNumber(wait) || 0;
      if (isObject(options)) {
        leading = !!options.leading;
        maxWait = 'maxWait' in options && nativeMax(toNumber(options.maxWait) || 0, wait);
        trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
      }

      function cancel() {
        if (timeoutId) {
          clearTimeout(timeoutId);
        }
        if (maxTimeoutId) {
          clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
        }
        lastCalled = 0;
        args = maxTimeoutId = thisArg = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
      }

      function complete(isCalled, id) {
        if (id) {
          clearTimeout(id);
        }
        maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
        if (isCalled) {
          lastCalled = now();
          result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
          if (!timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
            args = thisArg = undefined;
          }
        }
      }

      function delayed() {
        var remaining = wait - (now() - stamp);
        if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
          complete(trailingCall, maxTimeoutId);
        } else {
          timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, remaining);
        }
      }

      function flush() {
        if ((timeoutId && trailingCall) || (maxTimeoutId && trailing)) {
          result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
        }
        cancel();
        return result;
      }

      function maxDelayed() {
        complete(trailing, timeoutId);
      }

      function debounced() {
        args = arguments;
        stamp = now();
        thisArg = this;
        trailingCall = trailing && (timeoutId || !leading);

        if (maxWait === false) {
          var leadingCall = leading && !timeoutId;
        } else {
          if (!maxTimeoutId && !leading) {
            lastCalled = stamp;
          }
          var remaining = maxWait - (stamp - lastCalled),
              isCalled = remaining <= 0 || remaining > maxWait;

          if (isCalled) {
            if (maxTimeoutId) {
              maxTimeoutId = clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
            }
            lastCalled = stamp;
            result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
          }
          else if (!maxTimeoutId) {
            maxTimeoutId = setTimeout(maxDelayed, remaining);
          }
        }
        if (isCalled && timeoutId) {
          timeoutId = clearTimeout(timeoutId);
        }
        else if (!timeoutId && wait !== maxWait) {
          timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);
        }
        if (leadingCall) {
          isCalled = true;
          result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
        }
        if (isCalled && !timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
          args = thisArg = undefined;
        }
        return result;
      }
      debounced.cancel = cancel;
      debounced.flush = flush;
      return debounced;
    }

    /**
     * Defers invoking the `func` until the current call stack has cleared. Any
     * additional arguments are provided to `func` when it's invoked.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the function with.
     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
     * @example
     *
     * _.defer(function(text) {
     *   console.log(text);
     * }, 'deferred');
     * // logs 'deferred' after one or more milliseconds
     */
    var defer = rest(function(func, args) {
      return baseDelay(func, 1, args);
    });

    /**
     * Invokes `func` after `wait` milliseconds. Any additional arguments are
     * provided to `func` when it's invoked.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the function with.
     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
     * @example
     *
     * _.delay(function(text) {
     *   console.log(text);
     * }, 1000, 'later');
     * // => logs 'later' after one second
     */
    var delay = rest(function(func, wait, args) {
      return baseDelay(func, toNumber(wait) || 0, args);
    });

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with arguments reversed.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to flip arguments for.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var flipped = _.flip(function() {
     *   return _.toArray(arguments);
     * });
     *
     * flipped('a', 'b', 'c', 'd');
     * // => ['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']
     */
    function flip(func) {
      return createWrapper(func, FLIP_FLAG);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
     * provided it determines the cache key for storing the result based on the
     * arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the first argument
     * provided to the memoized function is used as the map cache key. The `func`
     * is invoked with the `this` binding of the memoized function.
     *
     * **Note:** The cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized
     * function. Its creation may be customized by replacing the `_.memoize.Cache`
     * constructor with one whose instances implement the [`Map`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object)
     * method interface of `get`, `has`, and `set`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
     * @param {Function} [resolver] The function to resolve the cache key.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 };
     * var other = { 'c': 3, 'd': 4 };
     *
     * var values = _.memoize(_.values);
     * values(object);
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * values(other);
     * // => [3, 4]
     *
     * object.a = 2;
     * values(object);
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * // modifying the result cache
     * values.cache.set(object, ['a', 'b']);
     * values(object);
     * // => ['a', 'b']
     *
     * // replacing `_.memoize.Cache`
     * _.memoize.Cache = WeakMap;
     */
    function memoize(func, resolver) {
      if (typeof func != 'function' || (resolver && typeof resolver != 'function')) {
        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
      }
      var memoized = function() {
        var args = arguments,
            key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, args) : args[0],
            cache = memoized.cache;

        if (cache.has(key)) {
          return cache.get(key);
        }
        var result = func.apply(this, args);
        memoized.cache = cache.set(key, result);
        return result;
      };
      memoized.cache = new memoize.Cache;
      return memoized;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with arguments modified by
     * corresponding `transforms`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [transforms] The functions to transform
     * arguments, specified individually or in arrays.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * function doubled(n) {
     *   return n * 2;
     * }
     *
     * function square(n) {
     *   return n * n;
     * }
     *
     * var modded = _.modArgs(function(x, y) {
     *   return [x, y];
     * }, square, doubled);
     *
     * modded(9, 3);
     * // => [81, 6]
     *
     * modded(10, 5);
     * // => [100, 10]
     */
    var modArgs = createModArgs(function(value) {
      return [value];
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.modArgs` except that each of the `transforms` is
     * provided the complete set of arguments the created function is invoked with.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [transforms] The functions to transform
     * arguments, specified individually or in arrays.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * function divide(x, y) {
     *   return x / y;
     * }
     *
     * function multiply(x, y) {
     *   return x * y;
     * }
     *
     * var modded = _.modArgsSet(function(x, y) {
     *   return [x, y];
     * }, multiply, divide);
     *
     * modded(9, 3);
     * // => [27, 3]
     *
     * modded(10, 5);
     * // => [50, 2]
     */
    var modArgsSet = createModArgs(function(value, index, args) {
      return args;
    });

    /**
     * Creates a function that negates the result of the predicate `func`. The
     * `func` predicate is invoked with the `this` binding and arguments of the
     * created function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} predicate The predicate to negate.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * function isEven(n) {
     *   return n % 2 == 0;
     * }
     *
     * _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], _.negate(isEven));
     * // => [1, 3, 5]
     */
    function negate(predicate) {
      if (typeof predicate != 'function') {
        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
      }
      return function() {
        return !predicate.apply(this, arguments);
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that is restricted to invoking `func` once. Repeat calls
     * to the function return the value of the first call. The `func` is invoked
     * with the `this` binding and arguments of the created function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
     * @example
     *
     * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
     * initialize();
     * initialize();
     * // `initialize` invokes `createApplication` once
     */
    function once(func) {
      return before(2, func);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with `partial` arguments prepended
     * to those provided to the new function. This method is like `_.bind` except
     * it does **not** alter the `this` binding.
     *
     * The `_.partial.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
     *
     * **Note:** This method doesn't set the "length" property of partially
     * applied functions.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
     * @example
     *
     * var greet = function(greeting, name) {
     *   return greeting + ' ' + name;
     * };
     *
     * var sayHelloTo = _.partial(greet, 'hello');
     * sayHelloTo('fred');
     * // => 'hello fred'
     *
     * // using placeholders
     * var greetFred = _.partial(greet, _, 'fred');
     * greetFred('hi');
     * // => 'hi fred'
     */
    var partial = rest(function(func, partials) {
      var holders = replaceHolders(partials, partial.placeholder);
      return createWrapper(func, PARTIAL_FLAG, undefined, partials, holders);
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.partial` except that partially applied arguments
     * are appended to those provided to the new function.
     *
     * The `_.partialRight.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
     *
     * **Note:** This method doesn't set the "length" property of partially
     * applied functions.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
     * @example
     *
     * var greet = function(greeting, name) {
     *   return greeting + ' ' + name;
     * };
     *
     * var greetFred = _.partialRight(greet, 'fred');
     * greetFred('hi');
     * // => 'hi fred'
     *
     * // using placeholders
     * var sayHelloTo = _.partialRight(greet, 'hello', _);
     * sayHelloTo('fred');
     * // => 'hello fred'
     */
    var partialRight = rest(function(func, partials) {
      var holders = replaceHolders(partials, partialRight.placeholder);
      return createWrapper(func, PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG, undefined, partials, holders);
    });

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with arguments arranged according
     * to the specified indexes where the argument value at the first index is
     * provided as the first argument, the argument value at the second index is
     * provided as the second argument, and so on.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to rearrange arguments for.
     * @param {...(number|number[])} indexes The arranged argument indexes,
     *  specified individually or in arrays.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var rearged = _.rearg(function(a, b, c) {
     *   return [a, b, c];
     * }, 2, 0, 1);
     *
     * rearged('b', 'c', 'a')
     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
     */
    var rearg = rest(function(func, indexes) {
      return createWrapper(func, REARG_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, baseFlatten(indexes));
    });

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the
     * created function and arguments from `start` and beyond provided as an array.
     *
     * **Note:** This method is based on the [rest parameter](https://mdn.io/rest_parameters).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.
     * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var say = _.rest(function(what, names) {
     *   return what + ' ' + _.initial(names).join(', ') +
     *     (_.size(names) > 1 ? ', & ' : '') + _.last(names);
     * });
     *
     * say('hello', 'fred', 'barney', 'pebbles');
     * // => 'hello fred, barney, & pebbles'
     */
    function rest(func, start) {
      if (typeof func != 'function') {
        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
      }
      start = nativeMax(start === undefined ? (func.length - 1) : toInteger(start), 0);
      return function() {
        var args = arguments,
            index = -1,
            length = nativeMax(args.length - start, 0),
            array = Array(length);

        while (++index < length) {
          array[index] = args[start + index];
        }
        switch (start) {
          case 0: return func.call(this, array);
          case 1: return func.call(this, args[0], array);
          case 2: return func.call(this, args[0], args[1], array);
        }
        var otherArgs = Array(start + 1);
        index = -1;
        while (++index < start) {
          otherArgs[index] = args[index];
        }
        otherArgs[start] = array;
        return func.apply(this, otherArgs);
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the created
     * function and an array of arguments much like [`Function#apply`](https://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.3).
     *
     * **Note:** This method is based on the [spread operator](https://mdn.io/spread_operator).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to spread arguments over.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var say = _.spread(function(who, what) {
     *   return who + ' says ' + what;
     * });
     *
     * say(['fred', 'hello']);
     * // => 'fred says hello'
     *
     * // with a Promise
     * var numbers = Promise.all([
     *   Promise.resolve(40),
     *   Promise.resolve(36)
     * ]);
     *
     * numbers.then(_.spread(function(x, y) {
     *   return x + y;
     * }));
     * // => a Promise of 76
     */
    function spread(func) {
      if (typeof func != 'function') {
        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
      }
      return function(array) {
        return func.apply(this, array);
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a throttled function that only invokes `func` at most once per
     * every `wait` milliseconds. The throttled function comes with a `cancel`
     * method to cancel delayed invocations. Provide an options object to indicate
     * that `func` should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the
     * `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the throttled function return the
     * result of the last `func` call.
     *
     * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is invoked
     * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the throttled function is
     * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
     *
     * See [David Corbacho's article](http://drupalmotion.com/article/debounce-and-throttle-visual-explanation)
     * for details over the differences between `_.throttle` and `_.debounce`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
     * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to throttle invocations to.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true] Specify invoking on the leading
     *  edge of the timeout.
     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify invoking on the trailing
     *  edge of the timeout.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
     * @example
     *
     * // avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling
     * jQuery(window).on('scroll', _.throttle(updatePosition, 100));
     *
     * // invoke `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes
     * jQuery('.interactive').on('click', _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, {
     *   'trailing': false
     * }));
     *
     * // cancel a trailing throttled call
     * jQuery(window).on('popstate', throttled.cancel);
     */
    function throttle(func, wait, options) {
      var leading = true,
          trailing = true;

      if (typeof func != 'function') {
        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
      }
      if (isObject(options)) {
        leading = 'leading' in options ? !!options.leading : leading;
        trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
      }
      return debounce(func, wait, { 'leading': leading, 'maxWait': wait, 'trailing': trailing });
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that accepts up to one argument, ignoring any
     * additional arguments.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * _.map(['6', '8', '10'], _.unary(parseInt));
     * // => [6, 8, 10]
     */
    function unary(func) {
      return ary(func, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that provides `value` to the wrapper function as its
     * first argument. Any additional arguments provided to the function are
     * appended to those provided to the wrapper function. The wrapper is invoked
     * with the `this` binding of the created function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Function
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
     * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var p = _.wrap(_.escape, function(func, text) {
     *   return '<p>' + func(text) + '</p>';
     * });
     *
     * p('fred, barney, & pebbles');
     * // => '<p>fred, barney, &amp; pebbles</p>'
     */
    function wrap(value, wrapper) {
      wrapper = wrapper == null ? identity : wrapper;
      return partial(wrapper, value);
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a shallow clone of `value`.
     *
     * **Note:** This method is loosely based on the
     * [structured clone algorithm](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm).
     * The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and objects created by
     * constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects. An
     * empty object is returned for uncloneable values such as functions, DOM nodes,
     * Maps, Sets, and WeakMaps.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney' },
     *   { 'user': 'fred' }
     * ];
     *
     * var shallow = _.clone(users);
     * console.log(shallow[0] === users[0]);
     * // => true
     */
    function clone(value) {
      return baseClone(value);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.clone` except that it accepts `customizer` which
     * is invoked to produce the cloned value. If `customizer` returns `undefined`
     * cloning is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is invoked with
     * up to five arguments; (value [, index|key, object, stack]).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning.
     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
     * @example
     *
     * function customizer(value) {
     *   if (_.isElement(value)) {
     *     return value.cloneNode(false);
     *   }
     * }
     *
     * var el = _.clone(document.body, customizer);
     *
     * console.log(el === document.body);
     * // => false
     * console.log(el.nodeName);
     * // => BODY
     * console.log(el.childNodes.length);
     * // => 0
     */
    function cloneWith(value, customizer) {
      return baseClone(value, false, customizer);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.clone` except that it recursively clones `value`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to recursively clone.
     * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney' },
     *   { 'user': 'fred' }
     * ];
     *
     * var deep = _.cloneDeep(users);
     * console.log(deep[0] === users[0]);
     * // => false
     */
    function cloneDeep(value) {
      return baseClone(value, true);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.cloneWith` except that it recursively clones `value`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to recursively clone.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning.
     * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
     * @example
     *
     * function customizer(value) {
     *   if (_.isElement(value)) {
     *     return value.cloneNode(true);
     *   }
     * }
     *
     * var el = _.cloneDeep(document.body, customizer);
     *
     * console.log(el === document.body);
     * // => false
     * console.log(el.nodeName);
     * // => BODY
     * console.log(el.childNodes.length);
     * // => 20
     */
    function cloneDeepWith(value, customizer) {
      return baseClone(value, true, customizer);
    }

    /**
     * Performs a [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
     * comparison between two values to determine if they are equivalent.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
     * var other = { 'user': 'fred' };
     *
     * _.eq(object, object);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.eq(object, other);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.eq('a', 'a');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.eq('a', Object('a'));
     * // => false
     *
     * _.eq(NaN, NaN);
     * // => true
     */
    function eq(value, other) {
      return value === other || (value !== value && other !== other);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is greater than `other`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than `other`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.gt(3, 1);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.gt(3, 3);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.gt(1, 3);
     * // => false
     */
    function gt(value, other) {
      return value > other;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is greater than or equal to `other`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than or equal to `other`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.gte(3, 1);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.gte(3, 3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.gte(1, 3);
     * // => false
     */
    function gte(value, other) {
      return value >= other;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is likely an `arguments` object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     */
    function isArguments(value) {
      // Safari 8.1 incorrectly makes `arguments.callee` enumerable in strict mode.
      return isArrayLikeObject(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') &&
        (!propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee') || objToString.call(value) == argsTag);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isArray(document.body.children);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isArray('abc');
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isArray(_.noop);
     * // => false
     */
    var isArray = Array.isArray;

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is array-like. A value is considered array-like if it's
     * not a function and has a `value.length` that's an integer greater than or
     * equal to `0` and less than or equal to `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isArrayLike([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isArrayLike(document.body.children);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isArrayLike('abc');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isArrayLike(_.noop);
     * // => false
     */
    function isArrayLike(value) {
      return value != null &&
        !(typeof value == 'function' && isFunction(value)) && isLength(getLength(value));
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.isArrayLike` except that it also checks if `value`
     * is an object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array-like object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isArrayLikeObject([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isArrayLikeObject(document.body.children);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isArrayLikeObject('abc');
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isArrayLikeObject(_.noop);
     * // => false
     */
    function isArrayLikeObject(value) {
      return isObjectLike(value) && isArrayLike(value);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is classified as a boolean primitive or object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isBoolean(false);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isBoolean(null);
     * // => false
     */
    function isBoolean(value) {
      return value === true || value === false ||
        (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == boolTag);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Date` object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isDate(new Date);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isDate('Mon April 23 2012');
     * // => false
     */
    function isDate(value) {
      return isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == dateTag;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is likely a DOM element.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isElement(document.body);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isElement('<body>');
     * // => false
     */
    function isElement(value) {
      return !!value && value.nodeType === 1 && isObjectLike(value) && !isPlainObject(value);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is empty. A value is considered empty unless it's an
     * `arguments` object, array, string, or jQuery-like collection with a length
     * greater than `0` or an object with own enumerable properties.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {Array|Object|string} value The value to inspect.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is empty, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isEmpty(null);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isEmpty(true);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isEmpty(1);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isEmpty({ 'a': 1 });
     * // => false
     */
    function isEmpty(value) {
      return (!isObjectLike(value) || isFunction(value.splice))
        ? !size(value)
        : !keys(value).length;
    }

    /**
     * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
     * equivalent.
     *
     * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
     * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
     * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. Functions and DOM nodes
     * are **not** supported.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
     * var other = { 'user': 'fred' };
     *
     * _.isEqual(object, other);
     * // => true
     *
     * object === other;
     * // => false
     */
    function isEqual(value, other) {
      return baseIsEqual(value, other);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.isEqual` except that it accepts `customizer` which is
     * invoked to compare values. If `customizer` returns `undefined` comparisons are
     * handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is invoked with up to seven arguments:
     * (objValue, othValue [, index|key, object, other, stack]).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * function isGreeting(value) {
     *   return /^h(?:i|ello)$/.test(value);
     * }
     *
     * function customizer(objValue, othValue) {
     *   if (isGreeting(objValue) && isGreeting(othValue)) {
     *     return true;
     *   }
     * }
     *
     * var array = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
     * var other = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
     *
     * _.isEqualWith(array, other, customizer);
     * // => true
     */
    function isEqualWith(value, other, customizer) {
      customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? customizer : undefined;
      var result = customizer ? customizer(value, other) : undefined;
      return result === undefined ? baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer) : !!result;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is an `Error`, `EvalError`, `RangeError`, `ReferenceError`,
     * `SyntaxError`, `TypeError`, or `URIError` object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an error object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isError(new Error);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isError(Error);
     * // => false
     */
    function isError(value) {
      return isObjectLike(value) &&
        typeof value.message == 'string' && objToString.call(value) == errorTag;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a finite primitive number.
     *
     * **Note:** This method is based on [`Number.isFinite`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-number.isfinite).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a finite number, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isFinite(3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isFinite(Number.MAX_VALUE);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isFinite(3.14);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isFinite(Infinity);
     * // => false
     */
    function isFinite(value) {
      return typeof value == 'number' && nativeIsFinite(value);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isFunction(_);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isFunction(/abc/);
     * // => false
     */
    function isFunction(value) {
      // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator
      // in Safari 8 which returns 'object' for typed array constructors, and
      // PhantomJS 1.9 which returns 'function' for `NodeList` instances.
      var tag = isObject(value) ? objToString.call(value) : '';
      return tag == funcTag || tag == genTag;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is an integer.
     *
     * **Note:** This method is based on [`Number.isInteger`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-number.isinteger).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an integer, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isInteger(3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isInteger(Infinity);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isInteger('3');
     * // => false
     */
    function isInteger(value) {
      return typeof value == 'number' && value == toInteger(value);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.
     *
     * **Note:** This function is loosely based on [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tolength).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isLength(3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isLength(Infinity);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isLength('3');
     * // => false
     */
    function isLength(value) {
      return typeof value == 'number' && value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is the [language type](https://es5.github.io/#x8) of `Object`.
     * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isObject({});
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isObject(_.noop);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isObject(null);
     * // => false
     */
    function isObject(value) {
      // Avoid a V8 JIT bug in Chrome 19-20.
      // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291 for more details.
      var type = typeof value;
      return !!value && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
     * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isObjectLike({});
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isObjectLike(null);
     * // => false
     */
    function isObjectLike(value) {
      return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
    }

    /**
     * Performs a deep comparison between `object` and `source` to determine if
     * `object` contains equivalent property values.
     *
     * **Note:** This method supports comparing properties of arrays, booleans,
     * `Date` objects, numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Functions
     * and DOM nodes are **not** supported. Provide a customizer function to extend
     * support for comparing other values.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
     *
     * _.isMatch(object, { 'age': 40 });
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isMatch(object, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => false
     */
    function isMatch(object, source) {
      return object === source || baseIsMatch(object, source, getMatchData(source));
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.isMatch` except that it accepts `customizer` which
     * is invoked to compare values. If `customizer` returns `undefined` comparisons
     * are handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is invoked with three
     * arguments: (objValue, srcValue, index|key, object, source).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * function isGreeting(value) {
     *   return /^h(?:i|ello)$/.test(value);
     * }
     *
     * function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
     *   if (isGreeting(objValue) && isGreeting(srcValue)) {
     *     return true;
     *   }
     * }
     *
     * var object = { 'greeting': 'hello' };
     * var source = { 'greeting': 'hi' };
     *
     * _.isMatchWith(object, source, customizer);
     * // => true
     */
    function isMatchWith(object, source, customizer) {
      customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? customizer : undefined;
      return baseIsMatch(object, source, getMatchData(source), customizer);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
     *
     * **Note:** This method is not the same as [`isNaN`](https://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.4)
     * which returns `true` for `undefined` and other non-numeric values.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNaN(NaN);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
     * // => true
     *
     * isNaN(undefined);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNaN(undefined);
     * // => false
     */
    function isNaN(value) {
      // An `NaN` primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself.
      // Perform the `toStringTag` check first to avoid errors with some ActiveX objects in IE.
      return isNumber(value) && value != +value;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a native function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a native function, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNative(Array.prototype.push);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNative(_);
     * // => false
     */
    function isNative(value) {
      if (value == null) {
        return false;
      }
      if (isFunction(value)) {
        return reIsNative.test(fnToString.call(value));
      }
      return isObjectLike(value) &&
        (isHostObject(value) ? reIsNative : reIsHostCtor).test(value);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `null`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `null`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNull(null);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNull(void 0);
     * // => false
     */
    function isNull(value) {
      return value === null;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `null` or `undefined`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is nullish, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNil(null);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNil(void 0);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNil(NaN);
     * // => false
     */
    function isNil(value) {
      return value == null;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Number` primitive or object.
     *
     * **Note:** To exclude `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and `NaN`, which are classified
     * as numbers, use the `_.isFinite` method.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNumber(3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNumber(Infinity);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNumber('3');
     * // => false
     */
    function isNumber(value) {
      return typeof value == 'number' ||
        (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == numberTag);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a plain object, that is, an object created by the
     * `Object` constructor or one with a `[[Prototype]]` of `null`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = 1;
     * }
     *
     * _.isPlainObject(new Foo);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isPlainObject(Object.create(null));
     * // => true
     */
    function isPlainObject(value) {
      if (!isObjectLike(value) || objToString.call(value) != objectTag || isHostObject(value)) {
        return false;
      }
      var proto = objectProto;
      if (typeof value.constructor == 'function') {
        proto = getPrototypeOf(value);
      }
      if (proto === null) {
        return true;
      }
      var Ctor = proto.constructor;
      return (typeof Ctor == 'function' &&
        Ctor instanceof Ctor && fnToString.call(Ctor) == objCtorString);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `RegExp` object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isRegExp(/abc/);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isRegExp('/abc/');
     * // => false
     */
    function isRegExp(value) {
      return isObject(value) && objToString.call(value) == regexpTag;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a safe integer. An integer is safe if it's an IEEE-754
     * double precision number which isn't the result of a rounded unsafe integer.
     *
     * **Note:** This method is based on [`Number.isSafeInteger`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-number.issafeinteger).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a safe integer, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isSafeInteger(3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isSafeInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isSafeInteger(Infinity);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isSafeInteger('3');
     * // => false
     */
    function isSafeInteger(value) {
      return isInteger(value) && value >= -MAX_SAFE_INTEGER && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isString('abc');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isString(1);
     * // => false
     */
    function isString(value) {
      return typeof value == 'string' ||
        (!isArray(value) && isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == stringTag);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is classified as a typed array.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isTypedArray(new Uint8Array);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isTypedArray([]);
     * // => false
     */
    function isTypedArray(value) {
      return isObjectLike(value) && isLength(value.length) && !!typedArrayTags[objToString.call(value)];
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isUndefined(void 0);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isUndefined(null);
     * // => false
     */
    function isUndefined(value) {
      return value === undefined;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is less than `other`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than `other`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.lt(1, 3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.lt(3, 3);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.lt(3, 1);
     * // => false
     */
    function lt(value, other) {
      return value < other;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is less than or equal to `other`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than or equal to `other`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.lte(1, 3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.lte(3, 3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.lte(3, 1);
     * // => false
     */
    function lte(value, other) {
      return value <= other;
    }

    /**
     * Converts `value` to an array.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
     * @example
     *
     * (function() {
     *   return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1);
     * }(1, 2, 3));
     * // => [2, 3]
     */
    function toArray(value) {
      if (!value) {
        return [];
      }
      if (isArrayLike(value)) {
        return isString(value) ? stringToArray(value) : copyArray(value);
      }
      if (iteratorSymbol && value[iteratorSymbol]) {
        return iteratorToArray(value[iteratorSymbol]());
      }
      var tag = getTag(value),
          func = tag == mapTag ? mapToArray : (tag == setTag ? setToArray : values);

      return func(value);
    }

    /**
     * Converts `value` to an integer.
     *
     * **Note:** This function is loosely based on [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tointeger).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
     * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
     * @example
     *
     * _.toInteger(3);
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
     * // => 0
     *
     * _.toInteger(Infinity);
     * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
     *
     * _.toInteger('3');
     * // => 3
     */
    function toInteger(value) {
      if (!value) {
        return value === 0 ? value : 0;
      }
      value = toNumber(value);
      if (value === INFINITY || value === -INFINITY) {
        var sign = (value < 0 ? -1 : 1);
        return sign * MAX_INTEGER;
      }
      var remainder = value % 1;
      return value === value ? (remainder ? value - remainder : value) : 0;
    }

    /**
     * Converts `value` to an integer suitable for use as the length of an
     * array-like object.
     *
     * **Note:** This method is based on [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tolength).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
     * @return {number} Returns the converted integer.
     * @example
     *
     * _.toLength(3);
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.toLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);
     * // => 0
     *
     * _.toLength(Infinity);
     * // => 4294967295
     *
     * _.toLength('3');
     * // => 3
     */
    function toLength(value) {
      if (!value) {
        return 0;
      }
      return clamp(toInteger(value), 0, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * Converts `value` to a number.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to process.
     * @returns {number} Returns the number.
     * @example
     *
     * _.toNumber(3);
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
     * // => 5e-324
     *
     * _.toNumber(Infinity);
     * // => Infinity
     *
     * _.toNumber('3');
     * // => 3
     */
    function toNumber(value) {
      if (!value) {
        return value === 0 ? value : +value;
      }
      if (isObject(value)) {
        var other = isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : value;
        value = isObject(other) ? (other + '') : other;
      }
      if (typeof value == 'number' || !isString(value)) {
        return +value;
      }
      value = trim(value);
      var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);
      return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value))
        ? nativeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8)
        : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value);
    }

    /**
     * Converts `value` to a plain object flattening inherited enumerable
     * properties of `value` to own properties of the plain object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the converted plain object.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     *
     * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo);
     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
     *
     * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, _.toPlainObject(new Foo));
     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }
     */
    function toPlainObject(value) {
      return copyObject(value, keysIn(value));
    }

    /**
     * Converts `value` to a safe integer. A safe integer can be compared and
     * represented correctly.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
     * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
     * @example
     *
     * _.toSafeInteger(3);
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.toSafeInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
     * // => 0
     *
     * _.toSafeInteger(Infinity);
     * // => 9007199254740991
     *
     * _.toSafeInteger('3');
     * // => 3
     */
    function toSafeInteger(value) {
      if (!value) {
        return value === 0 ? value : 0;
      }
      return clamp(toInteger(value), -MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, MAX_SAFE_INTEGER);
    }

    /**
     * Converts `value` to a string if it's not one. An empty string is returned
     * for `null` and `undefined` values. The sign of `-0` is preserved.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Lang
     * @param {*} value The value to process.
     * @returns {string} Returns the string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.toString(null);
     * // => ''
     *
     * _.toString(-0);
     * // => '-0'
     *
     * _.toString([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => '1,2,3'
     */
    function toString(value) {
      // Exit early for strings to avoid a performance hit in some environments.
      if (typeof value == 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      var result = value == null ? '' : (value + '');
      return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result;
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Assigns own enumerable properties of source objects to the destination
     * object. Source objects are applied from left to right. Subsequent sources
     * overwrite property assignments of previous sources.
     *
     * **Note:** This method mutates `object` and is loosely based on
     * [`Object.assign`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.assign).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.c = 3;
     * }
     *
     * function Bar() {
     *   this.e = 5;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.d = 4;
     * Bar.prototype.f = 6;
     *
     * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo, new Bar);
     * // => { 'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'e': 5 }
     */
    var assign = createAssigner(function(object, source) {
      copyObject(source, keys(source), object);
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.assign` except that it iterates over own and
     * inherited source properties.
     *
     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias extend
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * function Bar() {
     *   this.d = 4;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     * Bar.prototype.e = 5;
     *
     * _.assignIn({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo, new Bar);
     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4, 'e': 5 }
     */
    var assignIn = createAssigner(function(object, source) {
      copyObject(source, keysIn(source), object);
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.assignIn` except that it accepts `customizer` which
     * is invoked to produce the assigned values. If `customizer` returns `undefined`
     * assignment is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is invoked
     * with five arguments: (objValue, srcValue, key, object, source).
     *
     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias extendWith
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} sources The source objects.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
     *   return _.isUndefined(objValue) ? srcValue : objValue;
     * }
     *
     * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assignInWith, customizer);
     *
     * defaults({ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }, { 'a': 3 });
     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
     */
    var assignInWith = createAssigner(function(object, source, customizer) {
      copyObjectWith(source, keysIn(source), object, customizer);
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.assign` except that it accepts `customizer` which
     * is invoked to produce the assigned values. If `customizer` returns `undefined`
     * assignment is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is invoked
     * with five arguments: (objValue, srcValue, key, object, source).
     *
     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} sources The source objects.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
     *   return _.isUndefined(objValue) ? srcValue : objValue;
     * }
     *
     * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assignWith, customizer);
     *
     * defaults({ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }, { 'a': 3 });
     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
     */
    var assignWith = createAssigner(function(object, source, customizer) {
      copyObjectWith(source, keys(source), object, customizer);
    });

    /**
     * Creates an array of values corresponding to `paths` of `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {...(string|string[])} [paths] The property paths of elements to pick,
     *  specified individually or in arrays.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of picked elements.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }, 4] };
     *
     * _.at(object, ['a[0].b.c', 'a[1]']);
     * // => [3, 4]
     *
     * _.at(['a', 'b', 'c'], 0, 2);
     * // => ['a', 'c']
     */
    var at = rest(function(object, paths) {
      return baseAt(object, baseFlatten(paths));
    });

    /**
     * Creates an object that inherits from the `prototype` object. If a `properties`
     * object is provided its own enumerable properties are assigned to the created object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
     * @param {Object} [properties] The properties to assign to the object.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     * @example
     *
     * function Shape() {
     *   this.x = 0;
     *   this.y = 0;
     * }
     *
     * function Circle() {
     *   Shape.call(this);
     * }
     *
     * Circle.prototype = _.create(Shape.prototype, {
     *   'constructor': Circle
     * });
     *
     * var circle = new Circle;
     * circle instanceof Circle;
     * // => true
     *
     * circle instanceof Shape;
     * // => true
     */
    function create(prototype, properties) {
      var result = baseCreate(prototype);
      return properties ? baseAssign(result, properties) : result;
    }

    /**
     * Assigns own and inherited enumerable properties of source objects to the
     * destination object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`.
     * Source objects are applied from left to right. Once a property is set,
     * additional values of the same property are ignored.
     *
     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.defaults({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
     * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
     */
    var defaults = rest(function(args) {
      args.push(undefined, assignInDefaults);
      return assignInWith.apply(undefined, args);
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.defaults` except that it recursively assigns
     * default properties.
     *
     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.defaultsDeep({ 'user': { 'name': 'barney' } }, { 'user': { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 36 } });
     * // => { 'user': { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 } }
     *
     */
    var defaultsDeep = rest(function(args) {
      args.push(undefined, mergeDefaults);
      return mergeWith.apply(undefined, args);
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the key of the first
     * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the matched element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = {
     *   'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
     *   'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
     *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
     * };
     *
     * _.findKey(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });
     * // => 'barney' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * _.findKey(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });
     * // => 'pebbles'
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * _.findKey(users, ['active', false]);
     * // => 'fred'
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.findKey(users, 'active');
     * // => 'barney'
     */
    function findKey(object, predicate) {
      return baseFind(object, getIteratee(predicate, 3), baseForOwn, true);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.findKey` except that it iterates over elements of
     * a collection in the opposite order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the matched element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = {
     *   'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
     *   'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
     *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
     * };
     *
     * _.findLastKey(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });
     * // => returns 'pebbles' assuming `_.findKey` returns 'barney'
     *
     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
     * _.findLastKey(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true });
     * // => 'barney'
     *
     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
     * _.findLastKey(users, ['active', false]);
     * // => 'fred'
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.findLastKey(users, 'active');
     * // => 'pebbles'
     */
    function findLastKey(object, predicate) {
      return baseFind(object, getIteratee(predicate, 3), baseForOwnRight, true);
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over own and inherited enumerable properties of an object invoking
     * `iteratee` for each property. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:
     * (value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly
     * returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = 1;
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     *
     * _.forIn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'a', 'b', then 'c' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     */
    function forIn(object, iteratee) {
      return object == null ? object : baseFor(object, toFunction(iteratee), keysIn);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forIn` except that it iterates over properties of
     * `object` in the opposite order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = 1;
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     *
     * _.forInRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'c', 'b', then 'a' assuming `_.forIn` logs 'a', 'b', then 'c'
     */
    function forInRight(object, iteratee) {
      return object == null ? object : baseForRight(object, toFunction(iteratee), keysIn);
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over own enumerable properties of an object invoking `iteratee`
     * for each property. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:
     * (value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by
     * explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = 1;
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     *
     * _.forOwn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'a' then 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     */
    function forOwn(object, iteratee) {
      return object && baseForOwn(object, toFunction(iteratee));
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forOwn` except that it iterates over properties of
     * `object` in the opposite order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = 1;
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     *
     * _.forOwnRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'b' then 'a' assuming `_.forOwn` logs 'a' then 'b'
     */
    function forOwnRight(object, iteratee) {
      return object && baseForOwnRight(object, toFunction(iteratee));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of function property names from own enumerable properties
     * of `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of property names.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = _.constant('a');
     *   this.b = _.constant('b');
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = _.constant('c');
     *
     * _.functions(new Foo);
     * // => ['a', 'b']
     */
    function functions(object) {
      return object == null ? [] : baseFunctions(object, keys(object));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of function property names from own and inherited
     * enumerable properties of `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of property names.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = _.constant('a');
     *   this.b = _.constant('b');
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = _.constant('c');
     *
     * _.functionsIn(new Foo);
     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
     */
    function functionsIn(object) {
      return object == null ? [] : baseFunctions(object, keysIn(object));
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value at `path` of `object`. If the resolved value is
     * `undefined` the `defaultValue` is used in its place.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
     * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned if the resolved value is `undefined`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };
     *
     * _.get(object, 'a[0].b.c');
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.get(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']);
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.get(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');
     * // => 'default'
     */
    function get(object, path, defaultValue) {
      var result = object == null ? undefined : baseGet(object, path);
      return result === undefined ? defaultValue : result;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `path` is a direct property of `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 3 } } };
     * var other = _.create({ 'a': _.create({ 'b': _.create({ 'c': 3 }) }) });
     *
     * _.has(object, 'a');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.has(object, 'a.b.c');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.has(object, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.has(other, 'a');
     * // => false
     */
    function has(object, path) {
      return hasPath(object, path, baseHas);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `path` is a direct or inherited property of `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = _.create({ 'a': _.create({ 'b': _.create({ 'c': 3 }) }) });
     *
     * _.hasIn(object, 'a');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.hasIn(object, 'a.b.c');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.hasIn(object, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.hasIn(object, 'b');
     * // => false
     */
    function hasIn(object, path) {
      return hasPath(object, path, baseHasIn);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of `object`.
     * If `object` contains duplicate values, subsequent values overwrite property
     * assignments of previous values unless `multiVal` is `true`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
     * @param {boolean} [multiVal] Allow multiple values per key.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new inverted object.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 };
     *
     * _.invert(object);
     * // => { '1': 'c', '2': 'b' }
     *
     * // with `multiVal`
     * _.invert(object, true);
     * // => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] }
     */
    function invert(object, multiVal, guard) {
      return arrayReduce(keys(object), function(result, key) {
        var value = object[key];
        if (multiVal && !guard) {
          if (hasOwnProperty.call(result, value)) {
            result[value].push(key);
          } else {
            result[value] = [key];
          }
        }
        else {
          result[value] = key;
        }
        return result;
      }, {});
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
     *
     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the
     * [ES spec](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.keys)
     * for more details.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = 1;
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     *
     * _.keys(new Foo);
     * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     *
     * _.keys('hi');
     * // => ['0', '1']
     */
    function keys(object) {
      var isProto = isPrototype(object);
      if (!(isProto || isArrayLike(object))) {
        return baseKeys(object);
      }
      var indexes = indexKeys(object),
          skipIndexes = !!indexes,
          result = indexes || [],
          length = result.length;

      for (var key in object) {
        if (baseHas(object, key) &&
            !(skipIndexes && (key == 'length' || isIndex(key, length))) &&
            !(isProto && key == 'constructor')) {
          result.push(key);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property names of `object`.
     *
     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = 1;
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     *
     * _.keysIn(new Foo);
     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     */
    function keysIn(object) {
      var index = -1,
          isProto = isPrototype(object),
          props = baseKeysIn(object),
          propsLength = props.length,
          indexes = indexKeys(object),
          skipIndexes = !!indexes,
          result = indexes || [],
          length = result.length;

      while (++index < propsLength) {
        var key = props[index];
        if (!(skipIndexes && (key == 'length' || isIndex(key, length))) &&
            !(key == 'constructor' && (isProto || !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)))) {
          result.push(key);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.mapValues`; this method creates an object with the
     * same values as `object` and keys generated by running each own enumerable
     * property of `object` through `iteratee`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new mapped object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.mapKeys({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(value, key) {
     *   return key + value;
     * });
     * // => { 'a1': 1, 'b2': 2 }
     */
    function mapKeys(object, iteratee) {
      var result = {};
      iteratee = getIteratee(iteratee, 3);

      baseForOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
        result[iteratee(value, key, object)] = value;
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object with the same keys as `object` and values generated by
     * running each own enumerable property of `object` through `iteratee`. The
     * iteratee function is invoked with three arguments: (value, key, object).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new mapped object.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = {
     *   'fred':    { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
     *   'pebbles': { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
     * };
     *
     * _.mapValues(users, function(o) { return o.age; });
     * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.mapValues(users, 'age');
     * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     */
    function mapValues(object, iteratee) {
      var result = {};
      iteratee = getIteratee(iteratee, 3);

      baseForOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
        result[key] = iteratee(value, key, object);
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Recursively merges own and inherited enumerable properties of source
     * objects into the destination object, skipping source properties that resolve
     * to `undefined`. Array and plain object properties are merged recursively.
     * Other objects and value types are overriden by assignment. Source objects
     * are applied from left to right. Subsequent sources overwrite property
     * assignments of previous sources.
     *
     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = {
     *   'data': [{ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'user': 'fred' }]
     * };
     *
     * var ages = {
     *   'data': [{ 'age': 36 }, { 'age': 40 }]
     * };
     *
     * _.merge(users, ages);
     * // => { 'data': [{ 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }] }
     */
    var merge = createAssigner(function(object, source) {
      baseMerge(object, source);
    });

    /**
     * This method is like `_.merge` except that it accepts `customizer` which
     * is invoked to produce the merged values of the destination and source
     * properties. If `customizer` returns `undefined` merging is handled by the
     * method instead. The `customizer` is invoked with seven arguments:
     * (objValue, srcValue, key, object, source, stack).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} sources The source objects.
     * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize assigned values.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
     *   if (_.isArray(objValue)) {
     *     return objValue.concat(srcValue);
     *   }
     * }
     *
     * var object = {
     *   'fruits': ['apple'],
     *   'vegetables': ['beet']
     * };
     *
     * var other = {
     *   'fruits': ['banana'],
     *   'vegetables': ['carrot']
     * };
     *
     * _.mergeWith(object, other, customizer);
     * // => { 'fruits': ['apple', 'banana'], 'vegetables': ['beet', 'carrot'] }
     */
    var mergeWith = createAssigner(function(object, source, customizer) {
      baseMerge(object, source, customizer);
    });

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.pick`; this method creates an object composed of the
     * own and inherited enumerable properties of `object` that are not omitted.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {...(string|string[])} [props] The property names to omit, specified
     *  individually or in arrays..
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
     *
     * _.omit(object, 'user');
     * // => { 'age': 40 }
     */
    var omit = rest(function(object, props) {
      if (object == null) {
        return {};
      }
      props = arrayMap(baseFlatten(props), String);
      return basePick(object, baseDifference(keysIn(object), props));
    });

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.pickBy`; this method creates an object composed of the
     * own and inherited enumerable properties of `object` that `predicate`
     * doesn't return truthy for.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per property.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
     *
     * _.omitBy(object, _.isNumber);
     * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
     */
    function omitBy(object, predicate) {
      predicate = getIteratee(predicate);
      return basePickBy(object, function(value) {
        return !predicate(value);
      });
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of own enumerable key-value pairs for `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of key-value pairs.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = 1;
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     *
     * _.pairs(new Foo);
     * // => [['a', 1], ['b', 2]] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     */
    function pairs(object) {
      return basePairs(object, keys(object));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of own and inherited enumerable key-value pairs for `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of key-value pairs.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = 1;
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     *
     * _.pairsIn(new Foo);
     * // => [['a', 1], ['b', 2], ['c', 1]] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     */
    function pairsIn(object) {
      return basePairs(object, keysIn(object));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of the picked `object` properties.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {...(string|string[])} [props] The property names to pick, specified
     *  individually or in arrays.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
     *
     * _.pick(object, 'user');
     * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
     */
    var pick = rest(function(object, props) {
      return object == null ? {} : basePick(object, baseFlatten(props));
    });

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of the `object` properties `predicate` returns
     * truthy for. The predicate is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per property.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
     *
     * _.pickBy(object, _.isNumber);
     * // => { 'age': 40 }
     */
    function pickBy(object, predicate) {
      return object == null ? {} : basePickBy(object, getIteratee(predicate));
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.get` except that if the resolved value is a function
     * it's invoked with the `this` binding of its parent object and its result
     * is returned.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to resolve.
     * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned if the resolved value is `undefined`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c1': 3, 'c2': _.constant(4) } }] };
     *
     * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c1');
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c2');
     * // => 4
     *
     * _.result(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');
     * // => 'default'
     *
     * _.result(object, 'a.b.c', _.constant('default'));
     * // => 'default'
     */
    function result(object, path, defaultValue) {
      if (!isKey(path, object)) {
        path = baseToPath(path);
        var result = get(object, path);
        object = parent(object, path);
      } else {
        result = object == null ? undefined : object[path];
      }
      if (result === undefined) {
        result = defaultValue;
      }
      return isFunction(result) ? result.call(object) : result;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value at `path` of `object`. If a portion of `path` doesn't
     * exist it's created.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set.
     * @param {*} value The value to set.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };
     *
     * _.set(object, 'a[0].b.c', 4);
     * console.log(object.a[0].b.c);
     * // => 4
     *
     * _.set(object, 'x[0].y.z', 5);
     * console.log(object.x[0].y.z);
     * // => 5
     */
    function set(object, path, value) {
      return object == null ? object : baseSet(object, path, value);
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.set` except that it accepts `customizer` which is
     * invoked to produce the objects of `path`.  If `customizer` returns `undefined`
     * path creation is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is invoked
     * with three arguments: (nsValue, key, nsObject).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set.
     * @param {*} value The value to set.
     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function customizer(nsValue) {
     *   if (!_.isObject(nsValue)) {
     *     return {};
     *   }
     * }
     *
     * _.setWith({ '0': { 'length': 2 } }, '[0][1][2]', 3, customizer);
     * // => { '0': { '1': { '2': 3 }, 'length': 2 } }
     */
    function setWith(object, path, value, customizer) {
      customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? customizer : undefined;
      return object == null ? object : baseSet(object, path, value, customizer);
    }

    /**
     * An alternative to `_.reduce`; this method transforms `object` to a new
     * `accumulator` object which is the result of running each of its own enumerable
     * properties through `iteratee`, with each invocation potentially mutating
     * the `accumulator` object. The iteratee is invoked with four arguments:
     * (accumulator, value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit iteration
     * early by explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Array|Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] The custom accumulator value.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.transform([2, 3, 4], function(result, n) {
     *   result.push(n *= n);
     *   return n % 2 == 0;
     * });
     * // => [4, 9]
     *
     * _.transform({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 }, function(result, value, key) {
     *   (result[value] || (result[value] = [])).push(key);
     * });
     * // => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] }
     */
    function transform(object, iteratee, accumulator) {
      var isArr = isArray(object) || isTypedArray(object);
      iteratee = getIteratee(iteratee, 4);

      if (accumulator == null) {
        if (isArr || isObject(object)) {
          var Ctor = object.constructor;
          if (isArr) {
            accumulator = isArray(object) ? new Ctor : [];
          } else {
            accumulator = baseCreate(isFunction(Ctor) ? Ctor.prototype : undefined);
          }
        } else {
          accumulator = {};
        }
      }
      (isArr ? arrayEach : baseForOwn)(object, function(value, index, object) {
        return iteratee(accumulator, value, index, object);
      });
      return accumulator;
    }

    /**
     * Removes the property at `path` of `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to unset.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the property is deleted, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 7 } }] };
     * _.unset(object, 'a[0].b.c');
     * // => true
     *
     * console.log(object);
     * // => { 'a': [{ 'b': {} }] };
     *
     * _.unset(object, 'a[0].b.c');
     * // => true
     *
     * console.log(object);
     * // => { 'a': [{ 'b': {} }] };
     */
    function unset(object, path) {
      return object == null ? true : baseUnset(object, path);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
     *
     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = 1;
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     *
     * _.values(new Foo);
     * // => [1, 2] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     *
     * _.values('hi');
     * // => ['h', 'i']
     */
    function values(object) {
      return object ? baseValues(object, keys(object)) : [];
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property values of `object`.
     *
     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Object
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
     * @example
     *
     * function Foo() {
     *   this.a = 1;
     *   this.b = 2;
     * }
     *
     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
     *
     * _.valuesIn(new Foo);
     * // => [1, 2, 3] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
     */
    function valuesIn(object) {
      return object == null ? baseValues(object, keysIn(object)) : [];
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Returns a number whose value is limited to the given range specified
     * by `min` and `max`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Number
     * @param {number} number The number whose value is to be limited.
     * @param {number} [min] The minimum possible value.
     * @param {number} max The maximum possible value.
     * @returns {number} A number in the range [min, max].
     * @example
     *
     * _.clamp(-10, -5, 5);
     * // => -5
     *
     * _.clamp(10, -5, 5);
     * // => 5
     */
    function clamp(number, min, max) {
      number = toNumber(number);
      if (number === number) {
        if (max === undefined) {
          max = min;
          min = undefined;
        }
        if (max !== undefined) {
          max = toNumber(max);
          max = max === max ? max : 0;
          number = number <= max ? number : max;
        }
        if (min !== undefined) {
          min = toNumber(min);
          min = min === min ? min : 0;
          number = number >= min ? number : min;
        }
      }
      return number;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `n` is between `start` and up to but not including, `end`. If
     * `end` is not specified it's set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`.
     * If `start` is greater than `end` the params are swapped to support
     * negative ranges.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Number
     * @param {number} number The number to check.
     * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `number` is in the range, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.inRange(3, 2, 4);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.inRange(4, 8);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.inRange(4, 2);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.inRange(2, 2);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.inRange(1.2, 2);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.inRange(5.2, 4);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.inRange(-3, -2, -6);
     * // => true
     */
    function inRange(number, start, end) {
      start = toNumber(start) || 0;
      if (end === undefined) {
        end = start;
        start = 0;
      } else {
        end = toNumber(end) || 0;
      }
      number = toNumber(number);
      return number >= nativeMin(start, end) && number < nativeMax(start, end);
    }

    /**
     * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one
     * argument is provided a number between `0` and the given number is returned.
     * If `floating` is `true`, or either `min` or `max` are floats, a
     * floating-point number is returned instead of an integer.
     *
     * **Note:** JavaScript follows the IEEE-754 standard for resolving
     * floating-point values which can produce unexpected results.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Number
     * @param {number} [min=0] The minimum possible value.
     * @param {number} [max=1] The maximum possible value.
     * @param {boolean} [floating] Specify returning a floating-point number.
     * @returns {number} Returns the random number.
     * @example
     *
     * _.random(0, 5);
     * // => an integer between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(5);
     * // => also an integer between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(5, true);
     * // => a floating-point number between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(1.2, 5.2);
     * // => a floating-point number between 1.2 and 5.2
     */
    function random(min, max, floating) {
      if (floating && isIterateeCall(min, max, floating)) {
        max = floating = undefined;
      }
      var noMin = min === undefined,
          noMax = max === undefined;

      if (floating === undefined) {
        if (noMax && typeof min == 'boolean') {
          floating = min;
          min = 1;
        }
        else if (typeof max == 'boolean') {
          floating = max;
          noMax = true;
        }
      }
      if (noMin && noMax) {
        max = 1;
        noMax = false;
      }
      min = toNumber(min) || 0;
      if (noMax) {
        max = min;
        min = 0;
      } else {
        max = toNumber(max) || 0;
      }
      if (floating || min % 1 || max % 1) {
        var rand = nativeRandom();
        return nativeMin(min + (rand * (max - min + parseFloat('1e-' + ((rand + '').length - 1)))), max);
      }
      return baseRandom(min, max);
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Converts `string` to [camel case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
     * @returns {string} Returns the camel cased string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.camelCase('Foo Bar');
     * // => 'fooBar'
     *
     * _.camelCase('--foo-bar');
     * // => 'fooBar'
     *
     * _.camelCase('__foo_bar__');
     * // => 'fooBar'
     */
    var camelCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
      word = word.toLowerCase();
      return result + (index ? capitalize(word) : word);
    });

    /**
     * Converts the first character of `string` to upper case and the remaining
     * to lower case.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to capitalize.
     * @returns {string} Returns the capitalized string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.capitalize('FRED');
     * // => 'Fred'
     */
    function capitalize(string) {
      return upperFirst(toString(string).toLowerCase());
    }

    /**
     * Deburrs `string` by converting [latin-1 supplementary letters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-1_Supplement_(Unicode_block)#Character_table)
     * to basic latin letters and removing [combining diacritical marks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_Diacritical_Marks).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to deburr.
     * @returns {string} Returns the deburred string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.deburr('déjà vu');
     * // => 'deja vu'
     */
    function deburr(string) {
      string = toString(string);
      return string && string.replace(reLatin1, deburrLetter).replace(reComboMark, '');
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `string` ends with the given target string.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to search.
     * @param {string} [target] The string to search for.
     * @param {number} [position=string.length] The position to search from.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `string` ends with `target`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.endsWith('abc', 'c');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.endsWith('abc', 'b');
     * // => false
     *
     * _.endsWith('abc', 'b', 2);
     * // => true
     */
    function endsWith(string, target, position) {
      string = toString(string);
      target = typeof target == 'string' ? target : (target + '');

      var length = string.length;
      position = position === undefined
        ? length
        : clamp(toInteger(position), 0, length);

      position -= target.length;
      return position >= 0 && string.indexOf(target, position) == position;
    }

    /**
     * Converts the characters "&", "<", ">", '"', "'", and "\`" in `string` to
     * their corresponding HTML entities.
     *
     * **Note:** No other characters are escaped. To escape additional characters
     * use a third-party library like [_he_](https://mths.be/he).
     *
     * Though the ">" character is escaped for symmetry, characters like
     * ">" and "/" don't need escaping in HTML and have no special meaning
     * unless they're part of a tag or unquoted attribute value.
     * See [Mathias Bynens's article](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands)
     * (under "semi-related fun fact") for more details.
     *
     * Backticks are escaped because in Internet Explorer < 9, they can break out
     * of attribute values or HTML comments. See [#59](https://html5sec.org/#59),
     * [#102](https://html5sec.org/#102), [#108](https://html5sec.org/#108), and
     * [#133](https://html5sec.org/#133) of the [HTML5 Security Cheatsheet](https://html5sec.org/)
     * for more details.
     *
     * When working with HTML you should always [quote attribute values](http://wonko.com/post/html-escaping)
     * to reduce XSS vectors.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.escape('fred, barney, & pebbles');
     * // => 'fred, barney, &amp; pebbles'
     */
    function escape(string) {
      string = toString(string);
      return (string && reHasUnescapedHtml.test(string))
        ? string.replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar)
        : string;
    }

    /**
     * Escapes the `RegExp` special characters "^", "$", "\", ".", "*", "+",
     * "?", "(", ")", "[", "]", "{", "}", and "|" in `string`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.escapeRegExp('[lodash](https://lodash.com/)');
     * // => '\[lodash\]\(https://lodash\.com/\)'
     */
    function escapeRegExp(string) {
      string = toString(string);
      return (string && reHasRegExpChar.test(string))
        ? string.replace(reRegExpChar, '\\$&')
        : string;
    }

    /**
     * Converts `string` to [kebab case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case#Special_case_styles).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
     * @returns {string} Returns the kebab cased string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.kebabCase('Foo Bar');
     * // => 'foo-bar'
     *
     * _.kebabCase('fooBar');
     * // => 'foo-bar'
     *
     * _.kebabCase('__foo_bar__');
     * // => 'foo-bar'
     */
    var kebabCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
      return result + (index ? '-' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
    });

    /**
     * Converts `string`, as space separated words, to lower case.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
     * @returns {string} Returns the lower cased string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.lowerCase('--Foo-Bar');
     * // => 'foo bar'
     *
     * _.lowerCase('fooBar');
     * // => 'foo bar'
     *
     * _.lowerCase('__FOO_BAR__');
     * // => 'foo bar'
     */
    var lowerCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
      return result + (index ? ' ' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
    });

    /**
     * Converts the first character of `string` to lower case.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
     * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.lowerFirst('Fred');
     * // => 'fred'
     *
     * _.lowerFirst('FRED');
     * // => 'fRED'
     */
    var lowerFirst = createCaseFirst('toLowerCase');

    /**
     * Converts the first character of `string` to upper case.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
     * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.upperFirst('fred');
     * // => 'Fred'
     *
     * _.upperFirst('FRED');
     * // => 'FRED'
     */
    var upperFirst = createCaseFirst('toUpperCase');

    /**
     * Pads `string` on the left and right sides if it's shorter than `length`.
     * Padding characters are truncated if they can't be evenly divided by `length`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
     * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
     * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.pad('abc', 8);
     * // => '  abc   '
     *
     * _.pad('abc', 8, '_-');
     * // => '_-abc_-_'
     *
     * _.pad('abc', 3);
     * // => 'abc'
     */
    function pad(string, length, chars) {
      string = toString(string);
      length = toInteger(length);

      var strLength = stringSize(string);
      if (!length || strLength >= length) {
        return string;
      }
      var mid = (length - strLength) / 2,
          leftLength = nativeFloor(mid),
          rightLength = nativeCeil(mid);

      return createPadding('', leftLength, chars) + string + createPadding('', rightLength, chars);
    }

    /**
     * Pads `string` on the left side if it's shorter than `length`. Padding
     * characters are truncated if they exceed `length`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
     * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
     * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.padLeft('abc', 6);
     * // => '   abc'
     *
     * _.padLeft('abc', 6, '_-');
     * // => '_-_abc'
     *
     * _.padLeft('abc', 3);
     * // => 'abc'
     */
    function padLeft(string, length, chars) {
      string = toString(string);
      return createPadding(string, length, chars) + string;
    }

    /**
     * Pads `string` on the right side if it's shorter than `length`. Padding
     * characters are truncated if they exceed `length`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
     * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
     * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.padRight('abc', 6);
     * // => 'abc   '
     *
     * _.padRight('abc', 6, '_-');
     * // => 'abc_-_'
     *
     * _.padRight('abc', 3);
     * // => 'abc'
     */
    function padRight(string, length, chars) {
      string = toString(string);
      return string + createPadding(string, length, chars);
    }

    /**
     * Converts `string` to an integer of the specified radix. If `radix` is
     * `undefined` or `0`, a `radix` of `10` is used unless `value` is a hexadecimal,
     * in which case a `radix` of `16` is used.
     *
     * **Note:** This method aligns with the [ES5 implementation](https://es5.github.io/#E)
     * of `parseInt`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} string The string to convert.
     * @param {number} [radix] The radix to interpret `value` by.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
     * @example
     *
     * _.parseInt('08');
     * // => 8
     *
     * _.map(['6', '08', '10'], _.parseInt);
     * // => [6, 8, 10]
     */
    function parseInt(string, radix, guard) {
      // Chrome fails to trim leading <BOM> whitespace characters.
      // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3109 for more details.
      if (guard || radix == null) {
        radix = 0;
      } else if (radix) {
        radix = +radix;
      }
      string = trim(string);
      return nativeParseInt(string, radix || (reHasHexPrefix.test(string) ? 16 : 10));
    }

    /**
     * Repeats the given string `n` times.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to repeat.
     * @param {number} [n=0] The number of times to repeat the string.
     * @returns {string} Returns the repeated string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.repeat('*', 3);
     * // => '***'
     *
     * _.repeat('abc', 2);
     * // => 'abcabc'
     *
     * _.repeat('abc', 0);
     * // => ''
     */
    function repeat(string, n) {
      string = toString(string);
      n = toInteger(n);

      var result = '';
      if (!string || n < 1 || n > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
        return result;
      }
      // Leverage the exponentiation by squaring algorithm for a faster repeat.
      // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring for more details.
      do {
        if (n % 2) {
          result += string;
        }
        n = nativeFloor(n / 2);
        string += string;
      } while (n);

      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Converts `string` to [snake case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_case).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
     * @returns {string} Returns the snake cased string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.snakeCase('Foo Bar');
     * // => 'foo_bar'
     *
     * _.snakeCase('fooBar');
     * // => 'foo_bar'
     *
     * _.snakeCase('--foo-bar');
     * // => 'foo_bar'
     */
    var snakeCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
      return result + (index ? '_' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
    });

    /**
     * Converts `string` to [start case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case#Stylistic_or_specialised_usage).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
     * @returns {string} Returns the start cased string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.startCase('--foo-bar');
     * // => 'Foo Bar'
     *
     * _.startCase('fooBar');
     * // => 'Foo Bar'
     *
     * _.startCase('__foo_bar__');
     * // => 'Foo Bar'
     */
    var startCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
      return result + (index ? ' ' : '') + capitalize(word);
    });

    /**
     * Checks if `string` starts with the given target string.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to search.
     * @param {string} [target] The string to search for.
     * @param {number} [position=0] The position to search from.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `string` starts with `target`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.startsWith('abc', 'a');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.startsWith('abc', 'b');
     * // => false
     *
     * _.startsWith('abc', 'b', 1);
     * // => true
     */
    function startsWith(string, target, position) {
      string = toString(string);
      position = clamp(toInteger(position), 0, string.length);
      return string.lastIndexOf(target, position) == position;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a compiled template function that can interpolate data properties
     * in "interpolate" delimiters, HTML-escape interpolated data properties in
     * "escape" delimiters, and execute JavaScript in "evaluate" delimiters. Data
     * properties may be accessed as free variables in the template. If a setting
     * object is provided it takes precedence over `_.templateSettings` values.
     *
     * **Note:** In the development build `_.template` utilizes
     * [sourceURLs](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl)
     * for easier debugging.
     *
     * For more information on precompiling templates see
     * [lodash's custom builds documentation](https://lodash.com/custom-builds).
     *
     * For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see
     * [Chrome's extensions documentation](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/sandboxingEval).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The template string.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.escape] The HTML "escape" delimiter.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.evaluate] The "evaluate" delimiter.
     * @param {Object} [options.imports] An object to import into the template as free variables.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.interpolate] The "interpolate" delimiter.
     * @param {string} [options.sourceURL] The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.
     * @param {string} [options.variable] The data object variable name.
     * @param- {Object} [otherOptions] Enables the legacy `options` param signature.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the compiled template function.
     * @example
     *
     * // using the "interpolate" delimiter to create a compiled template
     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!');
     * compiled({ 'user': 'fred' });
     * // => 'hello fred!'
     *
     * // using the HTML "escape" delimiter to escape data property values
     * var compiled = _.template('<b><%- value %></b>');
     * compiled({ 'value': '<script>' });
     * // => '<b>&lt;script&gt;</b>'
     *
     * // using the "evaluate" delimiter to execute JavaScript and generate HTML
     * var compiled = _.template('<% _.forEach(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>');
     * compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
     * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
     *
     * // using the internal `print` function in "evaluate" delimiters
     * var compiled = _.template('<% print("hello " + user); %>!');
     * compiled({ 'user': 'barney' });
     * // => 'hello barney!'
     *
     * // using the ES delimiter as an alternative to the default "interpolate" delimiter
     * var compiled = _.template('hello ${ user }!');
     * compiled({ 'user': 'pebbles' });
     * // => 'hello pebbles!'
     *
     * // using custom template delimiters
     * _.templateSettings.interpolate = /{{([\s\S]+?)}}/g;
     * var compiled = _.template('hello {{ user }}!');
     * compiled({ 'user': 'mustache' });
     * // => 'hello mustache!'
     *
     * // using backslashes to treat delimiters as plain text
     * var compiled = _.template('<%= "\\<%- value %\\>" %>');
     * compiled({ 'value': 'ignored' });
     * // => '<%- value %>'
     *
     * // using the `imports` option to import `jQuery` as `jq`
     * var text = '<% jq.each(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>';
     * var compiled = _.template(text, { 'imports': { 'jq': jQuery } });
     * compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
     * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
     *
     * // using the `sourceURL` option to specify a custom sourceURL for the template
     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!', { 'sourceURL': '/basic/greeting.jst' });
     * compiled(data);
     * // => find the source of "greeting.jst" under the Sources tab or Resources panel of the web inspector
     *
     * // using the `variable` option to ensure a with-statement isn't used in the compiled template
     * var compiled = _.template('hi <%= data.user %>!', { 'variable': 'data' });
     * compiled.source;
     * // => function(data) {
     * //   var __t, __p = '';
     * //   __p += 'hi ' + ((__t = ( data.user )) == null ? '' : __t) + '!';
     * //   return __p;
     * // }
     *
     * // using the `source` property to inline compiled templates for meaningful
     * // line numbers in error messages and a stack trace
     * fs.writeFileSync(path.join(cwd, 'jst.js'), '\
     *   var JST = {\
     *     "main": ' + _.template(mainText).source + '\
     *   };\
     * ');
     */
    function template(string, options, otherOptions) {
      // Based on John Resig's `tmpl` implementation (http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-micro-templating/)
      // and Laura Doktorova's doT.js (https://github.com/olado/doT).
      var settings = lodash.templateSettings;

      if (otherOptions && isIterateeCall(string, options, otherOptions)) {
        options = otherOptions = undefined;
      }
      string = toString(string);
      options = assignInWith({}, otherOptions || options, settings, assignInDefaults);

      var imports = assignInWith({}, options.imports, settings.imports, assignInDefaults),
          importsKeys = keys(imports),
          importsValues = baseValues(imports, importsKeys);

      var isEscaping,
          isEvaluating,
          index = 0,
          interpolate = options.interpolate || reNoMatch,
          source = "__p += '";

      // Compile the regexp to match each delimiter.
      var reDelimiters = RegExp(
        (options.escape || reNoMatch).source + '|' +
        interpolate.source + '|' +
        (interpolate === reInterpolate ? reEsTemplate : reNoMatch).source + '|' +
        (options.evaluate || reNoMatch).source + '|$'
      , 'g');

      // Use a sourceURL for easier debugging.
      var sourceURL = '//# sourceURL=' +
        ('sourceURL' in options
          ? options.sourceURL
          : ('lodash.templateSources[' + (++templateCounter) + ']')
        ) + '\n';

      string.replace(reDelimiters, function(match, escapeValue, interpolateValue, esTemplateValue, evaluateValue, offset) {
        interpolateValue || (interpolateValue = esTemplateValue);

        // Escape characters that can't be included in string literals.
        source += string.slice(index, offset).replace(reUnescapedString, escapeStringChar);

        // Replace delimiters with snippets.
        if (escapeValue) {
          isEscaping = true;
          source += "' +\n__e(" + escapeValue + ") +\n'";
        }
        if (evaluateValue) {
          isEvaluating = true;
          source += "';\n" + evaluateValue + ";\n__p += '";
        }
        if (interpolateValue) {
          source += "' +\n((__t = (" + interpolateValue + ")) == null ? '' : __t) +\n'";
        }
        index = offset + match.length;

        // The JS engine embedded in Adobe products needs `match` returned in
        // order to produce the correct `offset` value.
        return match;
      });

      source += "';\n";

      // If `variable` is not specified wrap a with-statement around the generated
      // code to add the data object to the top of the scope chain.
      var variable = options.variable;
      if (!variable) {
        source = 'with (obj) {\n' + source + '\n}\n';
      }
      // Cleanup code by stripping empty strings.
      source = (isEvaluating ? source.replace(reEmptyStringLeading, '') : source)
        .replace(reEmptyStringMiddle, '$1')
        .replace(reEmptyStringTrailing, '$1;');

      // Frame code as the function body.
      source = 'function(' + (variable || 'obj') + ') {\n' +
        (variable
          ? ''
          : 'obj || (obj = {});\n'
        ) +
        "var __t, __p = ''" +
        (isEscaping
           ? ', __e = _.escape'
           : ''
        ) +
        (isEvaluating
          ? ', __j = Array.prototype.join;\n' +
            "function print() { __p += __j.call(arguments, '') }\n"
          : ';\n'
        ) +
        source +
        'return __p\n}';

      var result = attempt(function() {
        return Function(importsKeys, sourceURL + 'return ' + source).apply(undefined, importsValues);
      });

      // Provide the compiled function's source by its `toString` method or
      // the `source` property as a convenience for inlining compiled templates.
      result.source = source;
      if (isError(result)) {
        throw result;
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Converts `string`, as a whole, to lower case.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
     * @returns {string} Returns the lower cased string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.toLower('--Foo-Bar');
     * // => '--foo-bar'
     *
     * _.toLower('fooBar');
     * // => 'foobar'
     *
     * _.toLower('__FOO_BAR__');
     * // => '__foo_bar__'
     */
    function toLower(value) {
      return toString(value).toLowerCase();
    }

    /**
     * Converts `string`, as a whole, to upper case.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
     * @returns {string} Returns the upper cased string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.toUpper('--foo-bar');
     * // => '--FOO-BAR'
     *
     * _.toUpper('fooBar');
     * // => 'FOOBAR'
     *
     * _.toUpper('__foo_bar__');
     * // => '__FOO_BAR__'
     */
    function toUpper(value) {
      return toString(value).toUpperCase();
    }

    /**
     * Removes leading and trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
     * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.trim('  abc  ');
     * // => 'abc'
     *
     * _.trim('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
     * // => 'abc'
     *
     * _.map(['  foo  ', '  bar  '], _.trim);
     * // => ['foo', 'bar']
     */
    function trim(string, chars, guard) {
      string = toString(string);
      if (!string) {
        return string;
      }
      if (guard || chars === undefined) {
        return string.slice(trimmedLeftIndex(string), trimmedRightIndex(string) + 1);
      }
      chars = (chars + '');
      if (!chars) {
        return string;
      }
      var strSymbols = stringToArray(string),
          chrSymbols = stringToArray(chars);

      return strSymbols.slice(charsLeftIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols), charsRightIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) + 1).join('');
    }

    /**
     * Removes leading whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
     * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.trimLeft('  abc  ');
     * // => 'abc  '
     *
     * _.trimLeft('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
     * // => 'abc-_-'
     */
    function trimLeft(string, chars, guard) {
      string = toString(string);
      if (!string) {
        return string;
      }
      if (guard || chars === undefined) {
        return string.slice(trimmedLeftIndex(string));
      }
      chars = (chars + '');
      if (!chars) {
        return string;
      }
      var strSymbols = stringToArray(string);
      return strSymbols.slice(charsLeftIndex(strSymbols, stringToArray(chars))).join('');
    }

    /**
     * Removes trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
     * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.trimRight('  abc  ');
     * // => '  abc'
     *
     * _.trimRight('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
     * // => '-_-abc'
     */
    function trimRight(string, chars, guard) {
      string = toString(string);
      if (!string) {
        return string;
      }
      if (guard || chars === undefined) {
        return string.slice(0, trimmedRightIndex(string) + 1);
      }
      chars = (chars + '');
      if (!chars) {
        return string;
      }
      var strSymbols = stringToArray(string);
      return strSymbols.slice(0, charsRightIndex(strSymbols, stringToArray(chars)) + 1).join('');
    }

    /**
     * Truncates `string` if it's longer than the given maximum string length.
     * The last characters of the truncated string are replaced with the omission
     * string which defaults to "...".
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to truncate.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {number} [options.length=30] The maximum string length.
     * @param {string} [options.omission='...'] The string to indicate text is omitted.
     * @param {RegExp|string} [options.separator] The separator pattern to truncate to.
     * @returns {string} Returns the truncated string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino');
     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neighbo...'
     *
     * _.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
     *   'length': 24,
     *   'separator': ' '
     * });
     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there,...'
     *
     * _.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
     *   'length': 24,
     *   'separator': /,? +/
     * });
     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there...'
     *
     * _.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
     *   'omission': ' [...]'
     * });
     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neig [...]'
     */
    function truncate(string, options) {
      var length = DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH,
          omission = DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION;

      if (isObject(options)) {
        var separator = 'separator' in options ? options.separator : separator;
        length = 'length' in options ? toInteger(options.length) : length;
        omission = 'omission' in options ? toString(options.omission) : omission;
      }
      string = toString(string);

      var strLength = string.length;
      if (reHasComplexSymbol.test(string)) {
        var strSymbols = stringToArray(string);
        strLength = strSymbols.length;
      }
      if (length >= strLength) {
        return string;
      }
      var end = length - stringSize(omission);
      if (end < 1) {
        return omission;
      }
      var result = strSymbols
        ? strSymbols.slice(0, end).join('')
        : string.slice(0, end);

      if (separator === undefined) {
        return result + omission;
      }
      if (strSymbols) {
        end += (result.length - end);
      }
      if (isRegExp(separator)) {
        if (string.slice(end).search(separator)) {
          var match,
              substring = result;

          if (!separator.global) {
            separator = RegExp(separator.source, toString(reFlags.exec(separator)) + 'g');
          }
          separator.lastIndex = 0;
          while ((match = separator.exec(substring))) {
            var newEnd = match.index;
          }
          result = result.slice(0, newEnd === undefined ? end : newEnd);
        }
      } else if (string.indexOf(separator, end) != end) {
        var index = result.lastIndexOf(separator);
        if (index > -1) {
          result = result.slice(0, index);
        }
      }
      return result + omission;
    }

    /**
     * The inverse of `_.escape`; this method converts the HTML entities
     * `&amp;`, `&lt;`, `&gt;`, `&quot;`, `&#39;`, and `&#96;` in `string` to their
     * corresponding characters.
     *
     * **Note:** No other HTML entities are unescaped. To unescape additional HTML
     * entities use a third-party library like [_he_](https://mths.be/he).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to unescape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.unescape('fred, barney, &amp; pebbles');
     * // => 'fred, barney, & pebbles'
     */
    function unescape(string) {
      string = toString(string);
      return (string && reHasEscapedHtml.test(string))
        ? string.replace(reEscapedHtml, unescapeHtmlChar)
        : string;
    }

    /**
     * Converts `string`, as space separated words, to upper case.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
     * @returns {string} Returns the upper cased string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.upperCase('--foo-bar');
     * // => 'FOO BAR'
     *
     * _.upperCase('fooBar');
     * // => 'FOO BAR'
     *
     * _.upperCase('__foo_bar__');
     * // => 'FOO BAR'
     */
    var upperCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
      return result + (index ? ' ' : '') + word.toUpperCase();
    });

    /**
     * Splits `string` into an array of its words.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category String
     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to inspect.
     * @param {RegExp|string} [pattern] The pattern to match words.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the words of `string`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.words('fred, barney, & pebbles');
     * // => ['fred', 'barney', 'pebbles']
     *
     * _.words('fred, barney, & pebbles', /[^, ]+/g);
     * // => ['fred', 'barney', '&', 'pebbles']
     */
    function words(string, pattern, guard) {
      string = toString(string);
      pattern = guard ? undefined : pattern;

      if (pattern === undefined) {
        pattern = reHasComplexWord.test(string) ? reComplexWord : reBasicWord;
      }
      return string.match(pattern) || [];
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Attempts to invoke `func`, returning either the result or the caught error
     * object. Any additional arguments are provided to `func` when it's invoked.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {Function} func The function to attempt.
     * @returns {*} Returns the `func` result or error object.
     * @example
     *
     * // avoid throwing errors for invalid selectors
     * var elements = _.attempt(function(selector) {
     *   return document.querySelectorAll(selector);
     * }, '>_>');
     *
     * if (_.isError(elements)) {
     *   elements = [];
     * }
     */
    var attempt = rest(function(func, args) {
      try {
        return func.apply(undefined, args);
      } catch (e) {
        return isError(e) ? e : new Error(e);
      }
    });

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes the predicate properties of `source` with
     * the corresponding property values of a given object, returning `true` if
     * all predicates return truthy, else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {Object} source The object of property predicates to conform to.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.filter(users, _.conforms({ 'age': _.partial(_.gt, _, 38) }));
     * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]
     */
    function conforms(source) {
      return baseConforms(baseClone(source, true));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that checks if **all** of the `predicates` return
     * truthy when invoked with the arguments provided to the created function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} predicates The predicates to check.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var conjed = _.conj(Boolean, isFinite);
     *
     * conjed('1');
     * // => true
     *
     * conjed(null);
     * // => false
     *
     * conjed(NaN);
     * // => false
     */
    var conj = createInvoker(arrayEvery);

    /**
     * Creates a function that returns `value`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
     * var getter = _.constant(object);
     *
     * getter() === object;
     * // => true
     */
    function constant(value) {
      return function() {
        return value;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that checks if **any** of the `predicates` return
     * truthy when invoked with the arguments provided to the created function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} predicates The predicates to check.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var disjed = _.disj(Boolean, isFinite);
     *
     * disjed('1');
     * // => true
     *
     * disjed(null);
     * // => true
     *
     * disjed(NaN);
     * // => false
     */
    var disj = createInvoker(arraySome);

    /**
     * Creates a function that returns the result of invoking the provided
     * functions with the `this` binding of the created function, where each
     * successive invocation is supplied the return value of the previous.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [funcs] Functions to invoke.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * function square(n) {
     *   return n * n;
     * }
     *
     * var addSquare = _.flow(_.add, square);
     * addSquare(1, 2);
     * // => 9
     */
    var flow = createFlow();

    /**
     * This method is like `_.flow` except that it creates a function that
     * invokes the provided functions from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [funcs] Functions to invoke.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * function square(n) {
     *   return n * n;
     * }
     *
     * var addSquare = _.flowRight(square, _.add);
     * addSquare(1, 2);
     * // => 9
     */
    var flowRight = createFlow(true);

    /**
     * This method returns the first argument provided to it.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {*} value Any value.
     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
     *
     * _.identity(object) === object;
     * // => true
     */
    function identity(value) {
      return value;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the arguments of the created
     * function. If `func` is a property name the created callback returns the
     * property value for a given element. If `func` is an object the created
     * callback returns `true` for elements that contain the equivalent object properties, otherwise it returns `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {*} [func=_.identity] The value to convert to a callback.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * // wrap to create custom callback shorthands
     * _.iteratee = _.wrap(_.iteratee, function(callback, func, thisArg) {
     *   var match = /^(.+?)__([gl]t)(.+)$/.exec(func);
     *   if (!match) {
     *     return callback(func, thisArg);
     *   }
     *   return function(object) {
     *     return match[2] == 'gt'
     *       ? object[match[1]] > match[3]
     *       : object[match[1]] < match[3];
     *   };
     * });
     *
     * _.filter(users, 'age__gt36');
     * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]
     */
    function iteratee(func) {
      return (isObjectLike(func) && !isArray(func))
        ? matches(func)
        : baseIteratee(func);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes `iteratees` with the arguments provided
     * to the created function and returns their results.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} iteratees The iteratees to invoke.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var juxted = _.juxt(Math.max, Math.min);
     *
     * juxted(1, 2, 3, 4);
     * // => [4, 1]
     */
    var juxt = createInvoker(arrayMap);

    /**
     * Creates a function that performs a deep partial comparison between a given
     * object and `source`, returning `true` if the given object has equivalent
     * property values, else `false`.
     *
     * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
     * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
     * their own and inherited enumerable properties. For comparing a single
     * value see `_.matchesProperty`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
     * ];
     *
     * _.filter(users, _.matches({ 'age': 40, 'active': false }));
     * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'active': false }]
     */
    function matches(source) {
      return baseMatches(baseClone(source, true));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that performs a deep partial comparison between the
     * value at `path` of a given object to `srcValue`, returning `true` if the
     * object value is equivalent, else `false`.
     *
     * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
     * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
     * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney' },
     *   { 'user': 'fred' }
     * ];
     *
     * _.find(users, _.matchesProperty('user', 'fred'));
     * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
     */
    function matchesProperty(path, srcValue) {
      return baseMatchesProperty(path, baseClone(srcValue, true));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that invokes the method at `path` of a given object.
     * Any additional arguments are provided to the invoked method.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the method to invoke.
     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var objects = [
     *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': _.constant(2) } } },
     *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': _.constant(1) } } }
     * ];
     *
     * _.map(objects, _.method('a.b.c'));
     * // => [2, 1]
     *
     * _.invoke(_.sortBy(objects, _.method(['a', 'b', 'c'])), 'a.b.c');
     * // => [1, 2]
     */
    var method = rest(function(path, args) {
      return function(object) {
        return invokePath(object, path, args);
      };
    });

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.method`; this method creates a function that invokes
     * the method at a given path of `object`. Any additional arguments are
     * provided to the invoked method.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = _.times(3, _.constant),
     *     object = { 'a': array, 'b': array, 'c': array };
     *
     * _.map(['a[2]', 'c[0]'], _.methodOf(object));
     * // => [2, 0]
     *
     * _.map([['a', '2'], ['c', '0']], _.methodOf(object));
     * // => [2, 0]
     */
    var methodOf = rest(function(object, args) {
      return function(path) {
        return invokePath(object, path, args);
      };
    });

    /**
     * Adds all own enumerable function properties of a source object to the
     * destination object. If `object` is a function then methods are added to
     * its prototype as well.
     *
     * **Note:** Use `_.runInContext` to create a pristine `lodash` function to
     * avoid conflicts caused by modifying the original.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {Function|Object} [object=lodash] The destination object.
     * @param {Object} source The object of functions to add.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {boolean} [options.chain=true] Specify whether the functions added
     *  are chainable.
     * @returns {Function|Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function vowels(string) {
     *   return _.filter(string, function(v) {
     *     return /[aeiou]/i.test(v);
     *   });
     * }
     *
     * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels });
     * _.vowels('fred');
     * // => ['e']
     *
     * _('fred').vowels().value();
     * // => ['e']
     *
     * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels }, { 'chain': false });
     * _('fred').vowels();
     * // => ['e']
     */
    function mixin(object, source, options) {
      var props = keys(source),
          methodNames = baseFunctions(source, props);

      if (options == null &&
          !(isObject(source) && (methodNames.length || !props.length))) {
        options = source;
        source = object;
        object = this;
        methodNames = baseFunctions(source, keys(source));
      }
      var chain = (isObject(options) && 'chain' in options) ? options.chain : true,
          isFunc = isFunction(object);

      arrayEach(methodNames, function(methodName) {
        var func = source[methodName];
        object[methodName] = func;
        if (isFunc) {
          object.prototype[methodName] = function() {
            var chainAll = this.__chain__;
            if (chain || chainAll) {
              var result = object(this.__wrapped__),
                  actions = result.__actions__ = copyArray(this.__actions__);

              actions.push({ 'func': func, 'args': arguments, 'thisArg': object });
              result.__chain__ = chainAll;
              return result;
            }
            return func.apply(object, arrayPush([this.value()], arguments));
          };
        }
      });

      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Reverts the `_` variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
     * the `lodash` function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
     * @example
     *
     * var lodash = _.noConflict();
     */
    function noConflict() {
      root._ = oldDash;
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * A no-operation function that returns `undefined` regardless of the
     * arguments it receives.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
     *
     * _.noop(object) === undefined;
     * // => true
     */
    function noop() {
      // No operation performed.
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that returns its nth argument.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {number} [n=0] The index of the argument to return.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var func = _.nthArg(1);
     *
     * func('a', 'b', 'c');
     * // => 'b'
     */
    function nthArg(n) {
      n = toInteger(n);
      return function() {
        return arguments[n];
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that returns the value at `path` of a given object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var objects = [
     *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 2 } } },
     *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 1 } } }
     * ];
     *
     * _.map(objects, _.property('a.b.c'));
     * // => [2, 1]
     *
     * _.map(_.sortBy(objects, _.property(['a', 'b', 'c'])), 'a.b.c');
     * // => [1, 2]
     */
    function property(path) {
      return isKey(path) ? baseProperty(path) : basePropertyDeep(path);
    }

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.property`; this method creates a function that returns
     * the value at a given path of `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [0, 1, 2],
     *     object = { 'a': array, 'b': array, 'c': array };
     *
     * _.map(['a[2]', 'c[0]'], _.propertyOf(object));
     * // => [2, 0]
     *
     * _.map([['a', '2'], ['c', '0']], _.propertyOf(object));
     * // => [2, 0]
     */
    function propertyOf(object) {
      return function(path) {
        return object == null ? undefined : baseGet(object, path);
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
     * `start` up to, but not including, `end`. If `end` is not specified it's
     * set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`. If `end` is less than `start`
     * a zero-length range is created unless a negative `step` is specified.
     *
     * **Note:** JavaScript follows the IEEE-754 standard for resolving
     * floating-point values which can produce unexpected results.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
     * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of numbers.
     * @example
     *
     * _.range(4);
     * // => [0, 1, 2, 3]
     *
     * _.range(1, 5);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
     *
     * _.range(0, 20, 5);
     * // => [0, 5, 10, 15]
     *
     * _.range(0, -4, -1);
     * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]
     *
     * _.range(1, 4, 0);
     * // => [1, 1, 1]
     *
     * _.range(0);
     * // => []
     */
    function range(start, end, step) {
      if (step && isIterateeCall(start, end, step)) {
        end = step = undefined;
      }
      start = toNumber(start);
      start = start === start ? start : 0;
      step = step === undefined ? 1 : (toNumber(step) || 0);

      if (end === undefined) {
        end = start;
        start = 0;
      } else {
        end = toNumber(end) || 0;
      }
      var n = nativeMax(nativeCeil((end - start) / (step || 1)), 0);
      return baseTimes(n, function(index) {
        return index ? (start += step) : start;
      });
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the iteratee function `n` times, returning an array of the results
     * of each invocation. The iteratee is invoked with one argument; (index).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
     * @example
     *
     * var diceRolls = _.times(3, _.partial(_.random, 1, 6, false));
     * // => [3, 6, 4]
     *
     * _.times(3, function(n) {
     *   mage.castSpell(n);
     * });
     * // => invokes `mage.castSpell` three times with `n` of `0`, `1`, and `2`
     */
    function times(n, iteratee) {
      n = toInteger(n);
      if (n < 1 || n > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
        return [];
      }
      var index = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH,
          length = nativeMin(n, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH);

      iteratee = toFunction(iteratee);
      n -= MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH;

      var result = baseTimes(length, iteratee);
      while (++index < n) {
        iteratee(index);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Converts `value` to a property path array.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new property path array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.toPath('a.b.c');
     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
     *
     * _.toPath('a[0].b.c');
     * // => ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']
     *
     * var path = ['a', 'b', 'c'],
     *     newPath = _.toPath(path);
     *
     * console.log(newPath);
     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
     *
     * console.log(path === newPath);
     * // => false
     */
    function toPath(value) {
      return isArray(value) ? arrayMap(value, String) : stringToPath(value);
    }

    /**
     * Generates a unique ID. If `prefix` is provided the ID is appended to it.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {string} [prefix] The value to prefix the ID with.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unique ID.
     * @example
     *
     * _.uniqueId('contact_');
     * // => 'contact_104'
     *
     * _.uniqueId();
     * // => '105'
     */
    function uniqueId(prefix) {
      var id = ++idCounter;
      return toString(prefix) + id;
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Adds two numbers.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {number} augend The first number in an addition.
     * @param {number} addend The second number in an addition.
     * @returns {number} Returns the total.
     * @example
     *
     * _.add(6, 4);
     * // => 10
     */
    function add(augend, addend) {
      var result;
      if (augend === augend && augend != null) {
        result = augend;
      }
      if (addend === addend && addend != null) {
        result = result === undefined ? addend : (result + addend);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Computes `number` rounded up to `precision`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {number} number The number to round up.
     * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round up to.
     * @returns {number} Returns the rounded up number.
     * @example
     *
     * _.ceil(4.006);
     * // => 5
     *
     * _.ceil(6.004, 2);
     * // => 6.01
     *
     * _.ceil(6040, -2);
     * // => 6100
     */
    var ceil = createRound('ceil');

    /**
     * Computes `number` rounded down to `precision`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {number} number The number to round down.
     * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round down to.
     * @returns {number} Returns the rounded down number.
     * @example
     *
     * _.floor(4.006);
     * // => 4
     *
     * _.floor(0.046, 2);
     * // => 0.04
     *
     * _.floor(4060, -2);
     * // => 4000
     */
    var floor = createRound('floor');

    /**
     * Computes the maximum value of `array`. If `array` is empty or falsey
     * `undefined` is returned.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
     * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
     * // => 8
     *
     * _.max([]);
     * // => undefined
     */
    function max(array) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseExtremum(array, identity, gt)
        : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.max` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
     * invoked for each element in `array` to generate the criterion by which
     * the value is ranked. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.maxBy(users, function(o) { return o.age; });
     * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.maxBy(users, 'age');
     * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
     */
    function maxBy(array, iteratee) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseExtremum(array, getIteratee(iteratee), gt)
        : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * Computes the mean of the values in `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
     * @returns {number} Returns the mean.
     * @example
     *
     * _.mean([4, 2, 8, 6]);
     * // => 5
     */
    function mean(array) {
      return sum(array) / (array ? array.length : 0);
    }

    /**
     * Computes the minimum value of `array`. If `array` is empty or falsey
     * `undefined` is returned.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
     * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
     * // => 2
     *
     * _.min([]);
     * // => undefined
     */
    function min(array) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseExtremum(array, identity, lt)
        : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.min` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
     * invoked for each element in `array` to generate the criterion by which
     * the value is ranked. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
     * @example
     *
     * var users = [
     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.minBy(users, function(o) { return o.age; });
     * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.minBy(users, 'age');
     * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
     */
    function minBy(array, iteratee) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseExtremum(array, getIteratee(iteratee), lt)
        : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * Computes `number` rounded to `precision`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {number} number The number to round.
     * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round to.
     * @returns {number} Returns the rounded number.
     * @example
     *
     * _.round(4.006);
     * // => 4
     *
     * _.round(4.006, 2);
     * // => 4.01
     *
     * _.round(4060, -2);
     * // => 4100
     */
    var round = createRound('round');

    /**
     * Subtract two numbers.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {number} minuend The first number in a subtraction.
     * @param {number} subtrahend The second number in a subtraction.
     * @returns {number} Returns the difference.
     * @example
     *
     * _.subtract(6, 4);
     * // => 2
     */
    function subtract(minuend, subtrahend) {
      var result;
      if (minuend === minuend && minuend != null) {
        result = minuend;
      }
      if (subtrahend === subtrahend && subtrahend != null) {
        result = result === undefined ? subtrahend : (result - subtrahend);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Computes the sum of the values in `array`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
     * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sum([4, 2, 8, 6]);
     * // => 20
     */
    function sum(array) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseSum(array, identity)
        : undefined;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.sum` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
     * invoked for each element in `array` to generate the value to be summed.
     * The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Math
     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
     * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
     * @example
     *
     * var objects = [{ 'n': 4 }, { 'n': 2 }, { 'n': 8 }, { 'n': 6 }];
     *
     * _.sumBy(objects, function(o) { return o.n; });
     * // => 20
     *
     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
     * _.sumBy(objects, 'n');
     * // => 20
     */
    function sumBy(array, iteratee) {
      return (array && array.length)
        ? baseSum(array, getIteratee(iteratee))
        : undefined;
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // Ensure wrappers are instances of `baseLodash`.
    lodash.prototype = baseLodash.prototype;

    LodashWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
    LodashWrapper.prototype.constructor = LodashWrapper;

    LazyWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
    LazyWrapper.prototype.constructor = LazyWrapper;

    // Avoid inheriting from `Object.prototype` when possible.
    Hash.prototype = nativeCreate ? nativeCreate(null) : objectProto;

    // Add functions to the `MapCache`.
    MapCache.prototype['delete'] = mapDelete;
    MapCache.prototype.get = mapGet;
    MapCache.prototype.has = mapHas;
    MapCache.prototype.set = mapSet;

    // Add functions to the `SetCache`.
    SetCache.prototype.push = cachePush;

    // Add functions to the `Stack` cache.
    Stack.prototype['delete'] = stackDelete;
    Stack.prototype.get = stackGet;
    Stack.prototype.has = stackHas;
    Stack.prototype.set = stackSet;

    // Assign cache to `_.memoize`.
    memoize.Cache = MapCache;

    // Add functions that return wrapped values when chaining.
    lodash.after = after;
    lodash.ary = ary;
    lodash.assign = assign;
    lodash.assignIn = assignIn;
    lodash.assignInWith = assignInWith;
    lodash.assignWith = assignWith;
    lodash.at = at;
    lodash.before = before;
    lodash.bind = bind;
    lodash.bindAll = bindAll;
    lodash.bindKey = bindKey;
    lodash.chain = chain;
    lodash.chunk = chunk;
    lodash.compact = compact;
    lodash.concat = concat;
    lodash.conforms = conforms;
    lodash.conj = conj;
    lodash.constant = constant;
    lodash.countBy = countBy;
    lodash.create = create;
    lodash.curry = curry;
    lodash.curryRight = curryRight;
    lodash.debounce = debounce;
    lodash.defaults = defaults;
    lodash.defaultsDeep = defaultsDeep;
    lodash.defer = defer;
    lodash.delay = delay;
    lodash.difference = difference;
    lodash.differenceBy = differenceBy;
    lodash.differenceWith = differenceWith;
    lodash.disj = disj;
    lodash.drop = drop;
    lodash.dropRight = dropRight;
    lodash.dropRightWhile = dropRightWhile;
    lodash.dropWhile = dropWhile;
    lodash.fill = fill;
    lodash.filter = filter;
    lodash.flatten = flatten;
    lodash.flattenDeep = flattenDeep;
    lodash.flip = flip;
    lodash.flow = flow;
    lodash.flowRight = flowRight;
    lodash.functions = functions;
    lodash.functionsIn = functionsIn;
    lodash.groupBy = groupBy;
    lodash.initial = initial;
    lodash.intersection = intersection;
    lodash.intersectionBy = intersectionBy;
    lodash.intersectionWith = intersectionWith;
    lodash.invert = invert;
    lodash.invoke = invoke;
    lodash.iteratee = iteratee;
    lodash.juxt = juxt;
    lodash.keyBy = keyBy;
    lodash.keys = keys;
    lodash.keysIn = keysIn;
    lodash.map = map;
    lodash.mapKeys = mapKeys;
    lodash.mapValues = mapValues;
    lodash.matches = matches;
    lodash.matchesProperty = matchesProperty;
    lodash.memoize = memoize;
    lodash.merge = merge;
    lodash.mergeWith = mergeWith;
    lodash.method = method;
    lodash.methodOf = methodOf;
    lodash.mixin = mixin;
    lodash.modArgs = modArgs;
    lodash.modArgsSet = modArgsSet;
    lodash.negate = negate;
    lodash.nthArg = nthArg;
    lodash.omit = omit;
    lodash.omitBy = omitBy;
    lodash.once = once;
    lodash.pairs = pairs;
    lodash.pairsIn = pairsIn;
    lodash.partial = partial;
    lodash.partialRight = partialRight;
    lodash.partition = partition;
    lodash.pick = pick;
    lodash.pickBy = pickBy;
    lodash.property = property;
    lodash.propertyOf = propertyOf;
    lodash.pull = pull;
    lodash.pullAll = pullAll;
    lodash.pullAllBy = pullAllBy;
    lodash.pullAt = pullAt;
    lodash.range = range;
    lodash.rearg = rearg;
    lodash.reject = reject;
    lodash.remove = remove;
    lodash.rest = rest;
    lodash.reverse = reverse;
    lodash.sampleSize = sampleSize;
    lodash.set = set;
    lodash.setWith = setWith;
    lodash.shuffle = shuffle;
    lodash.slice = slice;
    lodash.sortBy = sortBy;
    lodash.sortByOrder = sortByOrder;
    lodash.sortedUniq = sortedUniq;
    lodash.sortedUniqBy = sortedUniqBy;
    lodash.spread = spread;
    lodash.tail = tail;
    lodash.take = take;
    lodash.takeRight = takeRight;
    lodash.takeRightWhile = takeRightWhile;
    lodash.takeWhile = takeWhile;
    lodash.tap = tap;
    lodash.throttle = throttle;
    lodash.thru = thru;
    lodash.toArray = toArray;
    lodash.toPath = toPath;
    lodash.toPlainObject = toPlainObject;
    lodash.transform = transform;
    lodash.unary = unary;
    lodash.union = union;
    lodash.unionBy = unionBy;
    lodash.unionWith = unionWith;
    lodash.uniq = uniq;
    lodash.uniqBy = uniqBy;
    lodash.uniqWith = uniqWith;
    lodash.unset = unset;
    lodash.unzip = unzip;
    lodash.unzipWith = unzipWith;
    lodash.values = values;
    lodash.valuesIn = valuesIn;
    lodash.without = without;
    lodash.words = words;
    lodash.wrap = wrap;
    lodash.xor = xor;
    lodash.xorBy = xorBy;
    lodash.xorWith = xorWith;
    lodash.zip = zip;
    lodash.zipObject = zipObject;
    lodash.zipWith = zipWith;

    // Add aliases.
    lodash.each = forEach;
    lodash.eachRight = forEachRight;
    lodash.extend = assignIn;
    lodash.extendWith = assignInWith;

    // Add functions to `lodash.prototype`.
    mixin(lodash, lodash);

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // Add functions that return unwrapped values when chaining.
    lodash.add = add;
    lodash.attempt = attempt;
    lodash.camelCase = camelCase;
    lodash.capitalize = capitalize;
    lodash.ceil = ceil;
    lodash.clamp = clamp;
    lodash.clone = clone;
    lodash.cloneDeep = cloneDeep;
    lodash.cloneDeepWith = cloneDeepWith;
    lodash.cloneWith = cloneWith;
    lodash.deburr = deburr;
    lodash.endsWith = endsWith;
    lodash.eq = eq;
    lodash.escape = escape;
    lodash.escapeRegExp = escapeRegExp;
    lodash.every = every;
    lodash.find = find;
    lodash.findIndex = findIndex;
    lodash.findKey = findKey;
    lodash.findLast = findLast;
    lodash.findLastIndex = findLastIndex;
    lodash.findLastKey = findLastKey;
    lodash.floor = floor;
    lodash.forEach = forEach;
    lodash.forEachRight = forEachRight;
    lodash.forIn = forIn;
    lodash.forInRight = forInRight;
    lodash.forOwn = forOwn;
    lodash.forOwnRight = forOwnRight;
    lodash.get = get;
    lodash.gt = gt;
    lodash.gte = gte;
    lodash.has = has;
    lodash.hasIn = hasIn;
    lodash.head = head;
    lodash.identity = identity;
    lodash.includes = includes;
    lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
    lodash.inRange = inRange;
    lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
    lodash.isArray = isArray;
    lodash.isArrayLike = isArrayLike;
    lodash.isArrayLikeObject = isArrayLikeObject;
    lodash.isBoolean = isBoolean;
    lodash.isDate = isDate;
    lodash.isElement = isElement;
    lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
    lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
    lodash.isEqualWith = isEqualWith;
    lodash.isError = isError;
    lodash.isFinite = isFinite;
    lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
    lodash.isInteger = isInteger;
    lodash.isLength = isLength;
    lodash.isMatch = isMatch;
    lodash.isMatchWith = isMatchWith;
    lodash.isNaN = isNaN;
    lodash.isNative = isNative;
    lodash.isNil = isNil;
    lodash.isNull = isNull;
    lodash.isNumber = isNumber;
    lodash.isObject = isObject;
    lodash.isObjectLike = isObjectLike;
    lodash.isPlainObject = isPlainObject;
    lodash.isRegExp = isRegExp;
    lodash.isSafeInteger = isSafeInteger;
    lodash.isString = isString;
    lodash.isTypedArray = isTypedArray;
    lodash.isUndefined = isUndefined;
    lodash.join = join;
    lodash.kebabCase = kebabCase;
    lodash.last = last;
    lodash.lastIndexOf = lastIndexOf;
    lodash.lowerCase = lowerCase;
    lodash.lowerFirst = lowerFirst;
    lodash.lt = lt;
    lodash.lte = lte;
    lodash.max = max;
    lodash.maxBy = maxBy;
    lodash.mean = mean;
    lodash.min = min;
    lodash.minBy = minBy;
    lodash.noConflict = noConflict;
    lodash.noop = noop;
    lodash.now = now;
    lodash.pad = pad;
    lodash.padLeft = padLeft;
    lodash.padRight = padRight;
    lodash.parseInt = parseInt;
    lodash.random = random;
    lodash.reduce = reduce;
    lodash.reduceRight = reduceRight;
    lodash.repeat = repeat;
    lodash.result = result;
    lodash.round = round;
    lodash.runInContext = runInContext;
    lodash.sample = sample;
    lodash.size = size;
    lodash.snakeCase = snakeCase;
    lodash.some = some;
    lodash.sortedIndex = sortedIndex;
    lodash.sortedIndexBy = sortedIndexBy;
    lodash.sortedIndexOf = sortedIndexOf;
    lodash.sortedLastIndex = sortedLastIndex;
    lodash.sortedLastIndexBy = sortedLastIndexBy;
    lodash.sortedLastIndexOf = sortedLastIndexOf;
    lodash.startCase = startCase;
    lodash.startsWith = startsWith;
    lodash.subtract = subtract;
    lodash.sum = sum;
    lodash.sumBy = sumBy;
    lodash.template = template;
    lodash.times = times;
    lodash.toInteger = toInteger;
    lodash.toLength = toLength;
    lodash.toLower = toLower;
    lodash.toNumber = toNumber;
    lodash.toSafeInteger = toSafeInteger;
    lodash.toString = toString;
    lodash.toUpper = toUpper;
    lodash.trim = trim;
    lodash.trimLeft = trimLeft;
    lodash.trimRight = trimRight;
    lodash.truncate = truncate;
    lodash.unescape = unescape;
    lodash.uniqueId = uniqueId;
    lodash.upperCase = upperCase;
    lodash.upperFirst = upperFirst;

    // Add aliases.
    lodash.first = head;

    mixin(lodash, (function() {
      var source = {};
      baseForOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
        if (!hasOwnProperty.call(lodash.prototype, methodName)) {
          source[methodName] = func;
        }
      });
      return source;
    }()), { 'chain': false });

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * The semantic version number.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type string
     */
    lodash.VERSION = VERSION;

    // Assign default placeholders.
    arrayEach(['bind', 'bindKey', 'curry', 'curryRight', 'partial', 'partialRight'], function(methodName) {
      lodash[methodName].placeholder = lodash;
    });

    // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.drop` and `_.take` variants.
    arrayEach(['drop', 'take'], function(methodName, index) {
      LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(n) {
        var filtered = this.__filtered__;
        if (filtered && !index) {
          return new LazyWrapper(this);
        }
        n = n === undefined ? 1 : nativeMax(toInteger(n), 0);

        var result = this.clone();
        if (filtered) {
          result.__takeCount__ = nativeMin(n, result.__takeCount__);
        } else {
          result.__views__.push({ 'size': nativeMin(n, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH), 'type': methodName + (result.__dir__ < 0 ? 'Right' : '') });
        }
        return result;
      };

      LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName + 'Right'] = function(n) {
        return this.reverse()[methodName](n).reverse();
      };
    });

    // Add `LazyWrapper` methods that accept an `iteratee` value.
    arrayEach(['filter', 'map', 'takeWhile'], function(methodName, index) {
      var type = index + 1,
          isFilter = type == LAZY_FILTER_FLAG || type == LAZY_WHILE_FLAG;

      LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(iteratee) {
        var result = this.clone();
        result.__iteratees__.push({ 'iteratee': getIteratee(iteratee, 3), 'type': type });
        result.__filtered__ = result.__filtered__ || isFilter;
        return result;
      };
    });

    // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.head` and `_.last`.
    arrayEach(['head', 'last'], function(methodName, index) {
      var takeName = 'take' + (index ? 'Right' : '');

      LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        return this[takeName](1).value()[0];
      };
    });

    // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.initial` and `_.tail`.
    arrayEach(['initial', 'tail'], function(methodName, index) {
      var dropName = 'drop' + (index ? '' : 'Right');

      LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        return this.__filtered__ ? new LazyWrapper(this) : this[dropName](1);
      };
    });

    LazyWrapper.prototype.compact = function() {
      return this.filter(identity);
    };

    LazyWrapper.prototype.find = function(predicate) {
      return this.filter(predicate).head();
    };

    LazyWrapper.prototype.findLast = function(predicate) {
      return this.reverse().find(predicate);
    };

    LazyWrapper.prototype.reject = function(predicate) {
      predicate = getIteratee(predicate, 3);
      return this.filter(function(value) {
        return !predicate(value);
      });
    };

    LazyWrapper.prototype.slice = function(start, end) {
      start = toInteger(start);

      var result = this;
      if (result.__filtered__ && (start > 0 || end < 0)) {
        return new LazyWrapper(result);
      }
      if (start < 0) {
        result = result.takeRight(-start);
      } else if (start) {
        result = result.drop(start);
      }
      if (end !== undefined) {
        end = toInteger(end);
        result = end < 0 ? result.dropRight(-end) : result.take(end - start);
      }
      return result;
    };

    LazyWrapper.prototype.takeRightWhile = function(predicate) {
      return this.reverse().takeWhile(predicate).reverse();
    };

    LazyWrapper.prototype.toArray = function() {
      return this.take(MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH);
    };

    // Add `LazyWrapper` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
    baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function(func, methodName) {
      var checkIteratee = /^(?:filter|find|map|reject)|While$/.test(methodName),
          isTaker = /^(?:head|last)$/.test(methodName),
          lodashFunc = lodash[isTaker ? ('take' + (methodName == 'last' ? 'Right' : '')) : methodName],
          retUnwrapped = isTaker || /^find/.test(methodName);

      if (!lodashFunc) {
        return;
      }
      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        var value = this.__wrapped__,
            args = isTaker ? [1] : arguments,
            isLazy = value instanceof LazyWrapper,
            iteratee = args[0],
            useLazy = isLazy || isArray(value);

        var interceptor = function(value) {
          var result = lodashFunc.apply(lodash, arrayPush([value], args));
          return (isTaker && chainAll) ? result[0] : result;
        };

        if (useLazy && checkIteratee && typeof iteratee == 'function' && iteratee.length != 1) {
          // Avoid lazy use if the iteratee has a "length" value other than `1`.
          isLazy = useLazy = false;
        }
        var chainAll = this.__chain__,
            isHybrid = !!this.__actions__.length,
            isUnwrapped = retUnwrapped && !chainAll,
            onlyLazy = isLazy && !isHybrid;

        if (!retUnwrapped && useLazy) {
          value = onlyLazy ? value : new LazyWrapper(this);
          var result = func.apply(value, args);
          result.__actions__.push({ 'func': thru, 'args': [interceptor], 'thisArg': undefined });
          return new LodashWrapper(result, chainAll);
        }
        if (isUnwrapped && onlyLazy) {
          return func.apply(this, args);
        }
        result = this.thru(interceptor);
        return isUnwrapped ? (isTaker ? result.value()[0] : result.value()) : result;
      };
    });

    // Add `Array` and `String` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
    arrayEach(['pop', 'push', 'replace', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'split', 'unshift'], function(methodName) {
      var func = (/^(?:replace|split)$/.test(methodName) ? stringProto : arrayProto)[methodName],
          chainName = /^(?:push|sort|unshift)$/.test(methodName) ? 'tap' : 'thru',
          retUnwrapped = /^(?:pop|replace|shift)$/.test(methodName);

      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        var args = arguments;
        if (retUnwrapped && !this.__chain__) {
          return func.apply(this.value(), args);
        }
        return this[chainName](function(value) {
          return func.apply(value, args);
        });
      };
    });

    // Map minified function names to their real names.
    baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function(func, methodName) {
      var lodashFunc = lodash[methodName];
      if (lodashFunc) {
        var key = (lodashFunc.name + ''),
            names = realNames[key] || (realNames[key] = []);

        names.push({ 'name': methodName, 'func': lodashFunc });
      }
    });

    realNames[createHybridWrapper(undefined, BIND_KEY_FLAG).name] = [{ 'name': 'wrapper', 'func': undefined }];

    // Add functions to the lazy wrapper.
    LazyWrapper.prototype.clone = lazyClone;
    LazyWrapper.prototype.reverse = lazyReverse;
    LazyWrapper.prototype.value = lazyValue;

    // Add chaining functions to the `lodash` wrapper.
    lodash.prototype.at = wrapperAt;
    lodash.prototype.chain = wrapperChain;
    lodash.prototype.commit = wrapperCommit;
    lodash.prototype.next = wrapperNext;
    lodash.prototype.plant = wrapperPlant;
    lodash.prototype.reverse = wrapperReverse;
    lodash.prototype.run = lodash.prototype.toJSON = lodash.prototype.valueOf = lodash.prototype.value = wrapperValue;

    if (iteratorSymbol) {
      lodash.prototype[iteratorSymbol] = wrapperToIterator;
    }
    return lodash;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // Export lodash.
  var _ = runInContext();

  // Expose lodash on the free variable `window` or `self` when available. This
  // prevents errors in cases where lodash is loaded by a script tag in the presence
  // of an AMD loader. See http://requirejs.org/docs/errors.html#mismatch for more details.
  (freeWindow || freeSelf || {})._ = _;

  // Some AMD build optimizers like r.js check for condition patterns like the following:
  if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
    // Define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be
    // referenced as the "underscore" module.
    define(function() {
      return _;
    });
  }
  // Check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object.
  else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
    // Export for Node.js.
    if (moduleExports) {
      (freeModule.exports = _)._ = _;
    }
    else {
      // Export for Rhino with CommonJS support.
      freeExports._ = _;
    }
  }
  else {
    // Export for a browser or Rhino.
    root._ = _;
  }
}.call(this));