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<a href="/2019/10/jdk/juc/Synchronized/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">揭秘`Synchronized`</a>
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<h3 id="Synchronized"><a href="#Synchronized" class="headerlink" title="Synchronized"></a>Synchronized</h3><h4 id="基本认知"><a href="#基本认知" class="headerlink" title="基本认知"></a>基本认知</h4><ul>
<li>被用来解决数据共享访问的安全性问题最常见的应用</li>
</ul><h5 id="用法"><a href="#用法" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><blockquote>
<p>不同的修饰类型，代表锁的控制粒度</p>
</blockquote><ul>
<li>修饰实例方法<ul>
<li>作用于当前实例加锁，进入同步代码前要获得当前实例的锁</li>
</ul>
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<li>静态方法<ul>
<li>作用于当前类对象加锁，进入同步代码前要获得当前类对象的锁</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>修饰代码块，<ul>
<li>指定加锁对象，对给定对象加锁，进入同步代码库前要获得给定对象的锁。</li>
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<h3 id="线程池ThreadPoolExecutor详解"><a href="#线程池ThreadPoolExecutor详解" class="headerlink" title="线程池ThreadPoolExecutor详解"></a>线程池<code>ThreadPoolExecutor</code>详解</h3><p>内置四种构造器,但最终重载的是下面的构造函数</p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ThreadPoolExecutor(<span class="keyword">int</span> corePoolSize,<span class="keyword">int</span> maximumPoolSize,<span class="keyword">long</span> keepAliveTime,TimeUnit unit</span><br><span class="line">,BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,ThreadFactory threadFactory,RejectedExecutionHandler handler)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h3 id="线程的出生"><a href="#线程的出生" class="headerlink" title="线程的出生"></a>线程的出生</h3><p>众所周知，计算机可以<code>“同时”</code>运行多个进程来执行不同的任务(操作系统通过CPU时间片不断切换执行从而达到宏观上的同时运行。单核CPU在任意一个CPU时间片只会有一个进程在执行)，那为什么还需要发明个线程呢？</p>
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<h3 id="HashMap源码分析"><a href="#HashMap源码分析" class="headerlink" title="HashMap源码分析"></a><code>HashMap</code>源码分析</h3><h4 id="1、实现原理概括"><a href="#1、实现原理概括" class="headerlink" title="1、实现原理概括"></a>1、实现原理概括</h4><ul>
<li><p><code>HashMap</code>是一个关联数组、哈希表，它是线程不安全的，允许key为null,value为null。遍历时无序</p>
</li>
<li><p>使用拉链法实现哈希表，结合了数组与链表的特点</p>
<ul>
<li>数组的特点是空间连续（大小固定）、寻址迅速，但是插入和删除时需要移动元素，所以查询快，增加删除慢</li>
<li>链表可动态增加或减少空间以适应新增和删除元素，但查找时只能顺着一个个节点查找，所以增加删除快，查找慢</li>
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<li><p>其底层数据结构是数组称之为哈希桶，每个桶里面放的是链表，链表中的每个节点，就是哈希表中的每个元素；<br>在JDK8中，当链表长度达到8，会转化成红黑树，以提升它的查询、插入效率</p>
<ul>
<li>哈希桶的底层数据结构是数组（数组中每个元素都是链表），所以就会面临着扩容问题</li>
<li>当容量达到threshold域值时，就会触发扩容。扩容前后，哈希桶的长度一定会是2的次方。<br>在根据key的hash值寻找对应的哈希桶时，可以用位运算替代取余操作，更加高效。</li>
<li>扩容时，会new个新的Node数组作为哈希桶，然后将原哈希表中的所有数据(Node节点)移动到新的哈希桶中，<br>即对原哈希表中所有的数据重新做了个put操作，所以性能消耗很大；在哈希表的容量越大时，性能消耗越明显。</li>
<li>如果发生过哈希碰撞，节点数小于8个。则要根据链表上每个节点的哈希值，依次放入新哈希桶对应下标位置。</li>
<li>扩容是容量翻倍，所以原链表上的每个节点，现在可能存放在原来的下标，即low位，或者扩容后的下标，即high位。<br>high位= low位+原哈希桶容量。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>而key的hash值，并不仅仅只是key对象的<code>hashCode()</code>方法的返回值，还会经过扰动函数的扰动，以使hash值更加均衡。</p>
<ul>
<li>扰动函数就是为了解决hash碰撞的。它会综合hash值高位和低位的特征，并存放在低位，因此在与运算时，<br>相当于高低位一起参与了运算，以减少hash碰撞的概率。（在JDK8之前，扰动函数会扰动四次，JDK8简化了这个操作）</li>
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<h4 id="ArrayList"><a href="#ArrayList" class="headerlink" title="ArrayList"></a>ArrayList</h4><p><strong>ArrayList适合随机的查找与遍历,数据的插入和删除相对来说较低</strong></p><ul>
<li>内部基于数组实现</li>
<li>可对元素进行快速随机访问</li>
<li>每个元素之间不能由间隔,即数组的空间是连续的</li>
<li>当需要扩容时需要将原数组数据复制到新的存储空间<ul>
<li>若在中间插入元素时,需要对数组进行复制,移动操作,代价高</li>
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<h2 id="Java类加载机制"><a href="#Java类加载机制" class="headerlink" title="Java类加载机制"></a>Java类加载机制</h2><h3 id="类加载过程"><a href="#类加载过程" class="headerlink" title="类加载过程"></a>类加载过程</h3><p>共有五个过程:</p><img src="/2019/10/jdk/jv/classLoader/classLoader.png" class><h4 id="加载-Loading"><a href="#加载-Loading" class="headerlink" title="加载-Loading"></a>加载-Loading</h4><p>加载是类加载过程中的一个阶段， 这个阶段会在内存中生成一个代表这个类的 <code>java.lang.Class</code> 对<br>象， 作为<strong>方法区</strong>这个类的各种数据的入口。</p>
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<li>是可运行java代码的虚拟机,它包括一套字节指令集,一组寄存器,一个垃圾回收,一个方法存储域,一个栈和一个堆.</li>
<li>它是一种软件,运行在操作系统中,与硬件没有直接交互</li>
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<li>Java源文件通过编译器生成对应的.class字节码文件,而字节码文件通过JVM中加载器和解释器生成对应机器上的机器码,从而通过系统被执行</li>
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