diff --git a/include/fmt/chrono.h b/include/fmt/chrono.h
index 1d75dedde95e..1044afb427c5 100644
--- a/include/fmt/chrono.h
+++ b/include/fmt/chrono.h
@@ -2042,8 +2042,9 @@ using month = std::chrono::month;
 using year = std::chrono::year;
 using year_month_day = std::chrono::year_month_day;
 #else
+class calendar_base {};
 // A fallback version of weekday.
-class weekday {
+class weekday : calendar_base {
  private:
   unsigned char value_;
 
@@ -2054,7 +2055,7 @@ class weekday {
   constexpr auto c_encoding() const noexcept -> unsigned { return value_; }
 };
 
-class day {
+class day : calendar_base {
  private:
   unsigned char value_;
 
@@ -2065,7 +2066,7 @@ class day {
   constexpr explicit operator unsigned() const noexcept { return value_; }
 };
 
-class month {
+class month : calendar_base {
  private:
   unsigned char value_;
 
@@ -2076,7 +2077,7 @@ class month {
   constexpr explicit operator unsigned() const noexcept { return value_; }
 };
 
-class year {
+class year : calendar_base {
  private:
   int value_;
 
@@ -2086,7 +2087,7 @@ class year {
   constexpr explicit operator int() const noexcept { return value_; }
 };
 
-class year_month_day {
+class year_month_day : calendar_base {
  private:
   fmt::year year_;
   fmt::month month_;
@@ -2094,7 +2095,8 @@ class year_month_day {
 
  public:
   year_month_day() = default;
-  constexpr year_month_day(const year& y, const month& m, const day& d) noexcept
+  constexpr year_month_day(const fmt::year& y, const fmt::month& m,
+                           const fmt::day& d) noexcept
       : year_(y), month_(m), day_(d) {}
   constexpr fmt::year year() const noexcept { return year_; }
   constexpr fmt::month month() const noexcept { return month_; }
@@ -2103,23 +2105,28 @@ class year_month_day {
 #endif
 
 template <typename Char>
-struct formatter<weekday, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
- private:
-  bool localized{false};
+struct formatter<calendar_base, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
+ protected:
+  bool localized_{false};
   bool use_tm_formatter_{false};
 
  public:
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
       -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
-    auto begin = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
-    if (begin != end && *begin == 'L') {
-      ++begin;
-      localized = true;
+    auto it = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
+    if (it != end && *it == 'L') {
+      ++it;
+      localized_ = true;
     }
-    use_tm_formatter_ = !localized && (begin != nullptr);
-    return use_tm_formatter_ ? formatter<std::tm, Char>::parse(ctx) : begin;
+    auto empty = (it == end || *it == '}');
+    use_tm_formatter_ = !empty && !localized_;
+    return use_tm_formatter_ ? formatter<std::tm, Char>::parse(ctx) : it;
   }
+};
 
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<weekday, Char> : formatter<calendar_base, Char> {
+ public:
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(weekday wd, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     auto time = std::tm();
@@ -2127,7 +2134,7 @@ struct formatter<weekday, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
     if (use_tm_formatter_) {
       return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
     }
-    detail::get_locale loc(localized, ctx.locale());
+    detail::get_locale loc(localized_, ctx.locale());
     auto w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), time);
     w.on_abbr_weekday();
     return w.out();
@@ -2135,17 +2142,8 @@ struct formatter<weekday, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
 };
 
 template <typename Char>
-struct formatter<day, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
- private:
-  bool use_tm_formatter_{false};
-
+struct formatter<day, Char> : formatter<calendar_base, Char> {
  public:
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
-      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
-    use_tm_formatter_ = ctx.begin() != nullptr;
-    return formatter<std::tm, Char>::parse(ctx);
-  }
-
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(day d, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     auto time = std::tm();
@@ -2153,7 +2151,7 @@ struct formatter<day, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
     if (use_tm_formatter_) {
       return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
     }
-    detail::get_locale loc(false, ctx.locale());
+    detail::get_locale loc(localized_, ctx.locale());
     auto w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), time);
     w.on_day_of_month(detail::numeric_system::standard);
     return w.out();
@@ -2161,23 +2159,8 @@ struct formatter<day, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
 };
 
 template <typename Char>
-struct formatter<month, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
- private:
-  bool localized{false};
-  bool use_tm_formatter_{false};
-
+struct formatter<month, Char> : formatter<calendar_base, Char> {
  public:
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
-      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
-    auto begin = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
-    if (begin != end && *begin == 'L') {
-      ++begin;
-      localized = true;
-    }
-    use_tm_formatter_ = !localized && (begin != nullptr);
-    return use_tm_formatter_ ? formatter<std::tm, Char>::parse(ctx) : begin;
-  }
-
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(month m, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     auto time = std::tm();
@@ -2185,7 +2168,7 @@ struct formatter<month, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
     if (use_tm_formatter_) {
       return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
     }
-    detail::get_locale loc(localized, ctx.locale());
+    detail::get_locale loc(localized_, ctx.locale());
     auto w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), time);
     w.on_abbr_month();
     return w.out();
@@ -2193,17 +2176,8 @@ struct formatter<month, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
 };
 
 template <typename Char>
-struct formatter<year, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
- private:
-  bool use_tm_formatter_{false};
-
+struct formatter<year, Char> : formatter<calendar_base, Char> {
  public:
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
-      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
-    use_tm_formatter_ = ctx.begin() != nullptr;
-    return formatter<std::tm, Char>::parse(ctx);
-  }
-
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(year y, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     auto time = std::tm();
@@ -2211,7 +2185,7 @@ struct formatter<year, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
     if (use_tm_formatter_) {
       return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
     }
-    detail::get_locale loc(false, ctx.locale());
+    detail::get_locale loc(localized_, ctx.locale());
     auto w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), time);
     w.on_year(detail::numeric_system::standard);
     return w.out();
@@ -2219,17 +2193,8 @@ struct formatter<year, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
 };
 
 template <typename Char>
-struct formatter<year_month_day, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
- private:
-  bool use_tm_formatter_{false};
-
+struct formatter<year_month_day, Char> : formatter<calendar_base, Char> {
  public:
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
-      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
-    use_tm_formatter_ = ctx.begin() != nullptr;
-    return formatter<std::tm, Char>::parse(ctx);
-  }
-
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(year_month_day val, FormatContext& ctx) const
       -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
@@ -2240,7 +2205,7 @@ struct formatter<year_month_day, Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
     if (use_tm_formatter_) {
       return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
     }
-    detail::get_locale loc(true, ctx.locale());
+    detail::get_locale loc(localized_, ctx.locale());
     auto w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), time);
     w.on_iso_date();
     return w.out();