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Table of Contents

Linux CheatSheet for Developers

File Commands

Command Description
ls List files in current directory
ls -l List files in long format
ls -a List all files including hidden files
pwd Print working directory
cd Change directory
cd .. Change directory to parent directory
cd ~ Change directory to home directory
cd - Change directory to previous directory
mkdir Create directory
mkdir -p Create directory and parent directories
touch Create file
cp Copy file
cp -r Copy directory
mv Move file
mv -r Move directory
rm Remove file
rm -r Remove directory
rm -f Force remove file
rm -rf Force remove directory

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File Permissions

Command Description
chmod Change file permissions
chmod 777 Change file permissions to 777
chmod u+x Change file permissions to executable for user
chmod g+x Change file permissions to executable for group

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Privilege Escalation

Command Description
sudo -l List sudo permissions
sudo -u Run command as another user
sudo -i Run shell as another user
sudo !! Run previous command as root
su Run shell as another user

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SSH

Command Description
ssh user@host Connect to remote host
ssh -p port user@host Connect to remote host on specific port
ssh-copy-id Copy SSH key to remote host
ssh-keygen Generate SSH key

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System Info

Command Description
uname Print system information
uname -a Print all system information
uname -r Print kernel release
uname -m Print machine hardware name
hostname Print system hostname
hostname -I Print all IP addresses
hostname -i Print IP address
date Print system date and time
cal Print calendar
uptime Print system uptime
whoami Print current user
w Print who is logged in
finger Print information about user
id Print effective user and group id
groups Print all groups current user is in
last Print last logged in users
lastlog Print when users last logged in
free Print free and used memory
df Print disk usage
du Print file space usage
du -h Print file space usage in human readable format
man Print manual page (exit with q)

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Shortcuts

Command Description
Ctrl + a Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on
Ctrl + e Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on
Ctrl + u Clear the line before the cursor position. If you are at the end of the line, clears the entire line.
Ctrl + k Clear the line after the cursor position. If you are at the beginning of the line, clears the entire line.
Ctrl + w Delete the word before the cursor.
Ctrl + r Let you search through previously used commands.
Ctrl + l Clears the Screen, similar to the clear command.
Ctrl + c Kill whatever you are running.
Ctrl + d Exit the current shell.
Ctrl + z Puts whatever you are running into a suspended background process. fg restores it.
Ctrl + s Stop output to the screen (for long running command).
Ctrl + q Allow output to the screen (for long running command).
Ctrl + x Use the arrow keys to navigate through the command line history.
Ctrl + _ Undo.

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Text Editors

Command Description
nano Nano is a simple text editor for Unix-like computer operating systems.
vim file Vim is a highly configurable text editor built to enable efficient text editing.
vi file Vi is a screen-oriented text editor originally created for the Unix operating system.
emacs file Emacs is a family of text editors that are characterized by their extensibility.

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Archives

Command Description
tar -xvf file.tar Extract tar file
tar -cvf file.tar directory Create tar file
tar -tvf file.tar List contents of tar file
tar -xvzf file.tar.gz Extract tar.gz file
tar -cvzf file.tar.gz directory Create tar.gz file
tar -tvzf file.tar.gz List contents of tar.gz file
tar -xvjf file.tar.bz2 Extract tar.bz2 file
tar -cvjf file.tar.bz2 directory Create tar.bz2 file
tar -tvjf file.tar.bz2 List contents of tar.bz2 file
unzip file.zip Extract zip file
zip file.zip directory Create zip file
zip -r file.zip directory Create zip file recursively
unrar x file.rar Extract rar file
rar a file.rar directory Create rar file

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Disk Usage

Command Description
df Show disk usage
du Show file space usage
du -h Show file space usage in human readable format
du -a Show file space usage for all files
du -s Show summarized file space usage
du -sh Show summarized file space usage in human readable format
du -c Show summarized file space usage with grand total
fdisk -l Show all disk partitions
fdisk /dev/sda Show disk partitions for /dev/sda
mount Show mounted filesystems

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Search

Command Description
grep pattern file Search for pattern in file
grep -r pattern directory Recursively search for pattern in directory
grep -v pattern file Invert match, print non-matching lines
grep -l pattern file Print only filenames with matches
grep -i pattern file Ignore case distinctions
grep -r -i pattern directory Recursively search for pattern in directory, ignoring case
locate file Find file
find / -name file Find file in /
find / -name file -type f Find only files in /

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Networking

Command Description
ifconfig Configure a network interface
ifconfig -a Configure all network interfaces
ifconfig eth0 Configure eth0 network interface
whois domain Get whois information for domain
dig domain Get DNS information for domain
dig -x host Get DNS information for host
host domain Get DNS information for domain
host -t mx domain Get MX records for domain
hostname -I Get all IP addresses
hostname -i Get IP address

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VIM

Command Description
h move cursor left
j move cursor down
k move cursor up
l move cursor right
gg go to the first line of the document
G go to the last line of the document
zz center cursor on screen
0 jump to the start of the line

Emacs

Command Description
CTRL+O Write the current file to disk
CTRL+X Close the current file buffer / Exit from Nano
CTRL+R Insert another file into the current one
ALT+< Switch to the previous file buffer
ALT+> Switch to the next file buffer
ALT+D Count the number of words, lines, and characters
CTRL+L Refresh (redraw) the current screen

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