[YSQL] Database-level multi-tenancy with tablegroups

[m-iancu]

Jira Link: DB-413

Phase 1

Status	Category	Feature	GitHub Issue	Comments
✅	core	Tablegroups implementation	#4525
✅	core	Truncate support for tablegroups	#10912
✅	tablespaces	Support assigning geo-location for tablegroups	#10190, #10191	Add column for storing metadata and support the syntax
✅	usability	Support help (\h) for tablegroups in ysqlsh	#10089
✅	core	Improve/refactor tablegroups and colocation	#11749
⬜️	core	Get rid of tablegroup_oid reloption	#12719
✅	core	Restrict tables + index / constraints to share same tablegroup topology	#12503
⬜️	core	Set pgtable_id consistently in schemas	#5017
⬜️	validation	Add comprehensive functional tests for tablegroups	#12278
✅	GIN indexes	GIN Indexes with NO TABELGROUP fails to read data	#11163
✅	defect	Wrong table description for tablegroups and colocated tables	#12186
✅	defect	Check failed: Table not found in Raft group	#10100
✅	defect	Colocated table corruption after crash loop	#11415
✅	defect	Mismatching tablegroup for table/index causes index scans to crash tserver	#12851
⬜️	defect	Don't persist table_oid reloption	#11415
⬜️	defect	Partitioned tables do not inherit tablegroup	#13086
⬜️	design	Design for de-colocation	#7734

Phase 2

Status	Category	Feature	GitHub Issue	Comments
⬜️	core	Manual extract tables from a tablegroup	#4463	For when a table gets too large and needs multi-tablet scale
⬜️	core	Automatically extract tables from a tablegroup	#4396	Configurable based on size/ops flags
✅	backup	ysql_dump should handle tablegroups	#5140
✅	backup	Dumping tablegroups should include tablespaces	#10194
⬜️	backup	Fully support backups with tablegroups	#4517
⬜️	snapshots	Fix yb-admin create_database_snapshot interaction with tablegroups	#11632
⬜️	docs	Documentation for tablegroups		API reference and usage docs
⬜️	usability	Add a config-based way to make tablegroups default
✅	PITR	PITR should support tablegroups	#11924
🕓	perf	Test scale and perf w.r.t. number of tablegroups & tenants

Phase 3

Status	Category	Feature	GitHub Issue	Comments
⬜️	core	Concurrent DDL
⬜️	perf	Route query to colocated tablet leader’s YSQL server	#4514
⬜️	perf	Use single RPC for joins	#4515

Future

Status	Feature	GitHub Issue	Comments
⬜️	Avoid distributed transactions within a tablegroup		Use local transaction/lock for better performance