ls – List the files in a directory
cd – Change the current directory
mkdir – Create a new directory
rmdir – Remove an empty directory
touch – Create a new file
rm – Remove a file
cp – Copy a file or directory
mv – Move or rename a file or directory
pwd – Print the current working directory
cat – Display the contents of a file
less – View the contents of a file one page at a time
head – Display the first few lines of a file
tail – Display the last few lines of a file
grep – Search for a pattern in a file or multiple files
find – Search for files in a directory hierarchy
sort – Sort the lines of a file
uniq – Remove duplicates from a sorted file
sed – Stream editor for filtering and transforming text
awk – Text processing tool for manipulating and analyzing data
tar – Archiving tool for creating and extracting tar files
gzip – Compress or decompress files
zip – Compress or decompress files
chmod – Change the permissions of a file
chown – Change the ownership of a file
df – Display the amount of free disk space
du – Display the size of a directory
free – Display the amount of free and used memory
top – Display the running processes and system information
kill – Send a signal to a process to terminate it
ps – Display the running processes
sudo – Execute a command as the superuser
su – Switch to another user account
apt-get – Package manager for installing and managing software
yum – Package manager for Red Hat-based systems
systemctl – System and service manager for controlling services and daemons
Please note that this is just a list of commonly used commands and there are many more commands available in Linux. Also, some of these commands may not be available in all distributions. Final Words
Understanding and utilizing essential Linux commands is crucial for anyone working with Linux systems. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced user, knowing how to navigate the file system, view system logs, and interact with system processes can greatly improve your productivity and ability to troubleshoot problems. We’ve covered 35 essential Linux commands in this article, but this is just the tip of the iceberg.
There are many more commands and advanced techniques to learn, and we encourage you to continue your learning journey. The terminal can be intimidating at first, but with practice and patience, you will find that it is a powerful tool that can help you automate tasks, and perform complex operations. Remember to start with the basics and gradually progress to more advanced commands. With the right tools and knowledge, you will be able to harness the full power of Linux and become a proficient user.
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