diff --git a/airframe-surface/src/main/scala-3/wvlet/airframe/surface/CompileTimeSurfaceFactory.scala b/airframe-surface/src/main/scala-3/wvlet/airframe/surface/CompileTimeSurfaceFactory.scala
index 58831ffe9..197ae4993 100644
--- a/airframe-surface/src/main/scala-3/wvlet/airframe/surface/CompileTimeSurfaceFactory.scala
+++ b/airframe-surface/src/main/scala-3/wvlet/airframe/surface/CompileTimeSurfaceFactory.scala
@@ -703,9 +703,12 @@ private[surface] class CompileTimeSurfaceFactory[Q <: Quotes](using quotes: Q):
       .toSeq
       // Exclude primitive surfaces as it is already defined in Primitive object
       .filterNot(x => primitiveTypeFactory.isDefinedAt(x._1))
-      .sortBy(_._2)
+      .map { (tpe, order) =>
+        // first list all lazy vals, otherwise there is a risk of forward reference error across strict vals
+        (tpe, (!lazySurface.contains(tpe), order))
+      }.sortBy(_._2)
       .reverse
-      .map { case (tpe, order) =>
+      .foreach { (tpe, order) =>
         // Update the cache so that the next call of surfaceOf method will use the local varaible reference
         surfaceToVar += tpe -> Symbol.newVal(
           Symbol.spliceOwner,
diff --git a/airframe-surface/src/test/scala/wvlet/airframe/surface/i3451.scala b/airframe-surface/src/test/scala/wvlet/airframe/surface/i3451.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65c15c6bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/airframe-surface/src/test/scala/wvlet/airframe/surface/i3451.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package wvlet.airframe.surface
+
+import wvlet.airspec.AirSpec
+
+object i3451 extends AirSpec {
+
+  case class Cons(head: String, tail: Cons)
+  case class TypedCons[A](head: Int, tail: TypedCons[A])
+
+  trait Recursive[T <: Recursive[T]]
+
+  case class E(x: Int) extends Recursive[E] {
+    def cons(c: Cons): Cons                      = c
+    def typedCons(c: TypedCons[_]): TypedCons[_] = c
+    def r3(r: Recursive[_]): Recursive[_]        = r
+  }
+
+  test("Support methods with lazy and non-lazy types mixed in any order") {
+    val s = Surface.of[E]
+    debug(s.params)
+    val m     = Surface.methodsOf[E]
+    val names = m.map(_.name)
+    names shouldContain "cons"
+    names shouldContain "typedCons"
+    names shouldContain "r3"
+  }
+}