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PHP 开发指南

I. 安装 PHP

CentOS

#安装 epel-release 依赖：
yum install epel-release

#安装 DNF 包：
yum install dnf

CentOS 8

sudo dnf -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
sudo dnf -y install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm
sudo dnf -y install yum-utils
sudo dnf module reset php
sudo dnf module install php:remi-8.0 -y
sudo dnf install php -y

CentOS 7

sudo yum -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
sudo yum -y install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
sudo yum -y install yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager --disable 'remi-php*'
sudo yum-config-manager --enable remi-php80
sudo yum -y install php php-{cli,fpm,mysqlnd,zip,devel,gd,mbstring,curl,xml,pear,bcmath,json}

下载

http://windows.php.net/download

http://windows.php.net/downloads/

https://windows.php.net/downloads/releases/archives/php-5.4.45-Win32-VC9-x86.zip

Thread Safe 才有 php7apache2_4.dll

对应版本的 VC 运行库要安装

Experimental: PHP 5.6 and Apache 2.4.10 VC11 for 2K3/XP

环境需求

VC15

https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/ => https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/downloads/

Other Tools and Frameworks > Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2019

https://aka.ms/vs/16/release/VC_redist.x64.exe

测试

  1. 配置 Windows PATH 环境路径，例如 C:\php

  2. 命令行查看版本信息

php -v

命令行

C:\Users\Administrator>php -h
Usage: php [options] [-f] <file> [--] [args...]
   php [options] -r <code> [--] [args...]
   php [options] [-B <begin_code>] -R <code> [-E <end_code>] [--] [args...]
   php [options] [-B <begin_code>] -F <file> [-E <end_code>] [--] [args...]
   php [options] -S <addr>:<port> [-t docroot] [router]
   php [options] -- [args...]
   php [options] -a

  -a               Run as interactive shell
  -c <path>|<file> Look for php.ini file in this directory
  -n               No configuration (ini) files will be used
  -d foo[=bar]     Define INI entry foo with value 'bar'
  -e               Generate extended information for debugger/profiler
  -f <file>        Parse and execute <file>.
  -h               This help
  -i               PHP information
  -l               Syntax check only (lint)
  -m               Show compiled in modules
  -r <code>        Run PHP <code> without using script tags <?..?>
  -B <begin_code>  Run PHP <begin_code> before processing input lines
  -R <code>        Run PHP <code> for every input line
  -F <file>        Parse and execute <file> for every input line
  -E <end_code>    Run PHP <end_code> after processing all input lines
  -H               Hide any passed arguments from external tools.
  -S <addr>:<port> Run with built-in web server.
  -t <docroot>     Specify document root <docroot> for built-in web server.
  -s               Output HTML syntax highlighted source.
  -v               Version number
  -w               Output source with stripped comments and whitespace.
  -z <file>        Load Zend extension <file>.

  args...          Arguments passed to script. Use -- args when first argument
                   starts with - or script is read from stdin

  --ini            Show configuration file names

  --rf <name>      Show information about function <name>.
  --rc <name>      Show information about class <name>.
  --re <name>      Show information about extension <name>.
  --rz <name>      Show information about Zend extension <name>.
  --ri <name>      Show configuration for extension <name>.


# 内置Web Server
php -S localhost:8000 -t foo/ router.php

router.php

<?php
// router.php
if (preg_match('/\.(?:png|jpg|jpeg|gif)$/', $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]))
    return false;    // 直接返回请求的文件
else {
    echo "<p>Welcome to PHP</p>";
}

PHP-CGI

K:\env\win\ProgramFiles\php-7.3.0>php-cgi -h
Usage: php [-q] [-h] [-s] [-v] [-i] [-f <file>]
       php <file> [args...]
  -a               Run interactively
  -b <address:port>|<port> Bind Path for external FASTCGI Server mode
  -C               Do not chdir to the script's directory
  -c <path>|<file> Look for php.ini file in this directory
  -n               No php.ini file will be used
  -d foo[=bar]     Define INI entry foo with value 'bar'
  -e               Generate extended information for debugger/profiler
  -f <file>        Parse <file>.  Implies `-q'
  -h               This help
  -i               PHP information
  -l               Syntax check only (lint)
  -m               Show compiled in modules
  -q               Quiet-mode.  Suppress HTTP Header output.
  -s               Display colour syntax highlighted source.
  -v               Version number
  -w               Display source with stripped comments and whitespace.
  -z <file>        Load Zend extension <file>.
  -T <count>       Measure execution time of script repeated <count> times.
  
#  直接运行
start php-cgi.exe -b 127.0.0.1:9000 -c php\php.ini

# 使用 xxfpm
start D:/ProgramFiles/nginx-1.13.10/RunHiddenConsole.exe D:/ProgramFiles/nginx-1.13.10/xxfpm.exe "D:/ProgramFiles/php-7.2.3-nts-x64/php-cgi.exe" -n 2 -i 127.0.0.1 -p 9000

II. 配置

php.ini

参考：

iniscan

php-ini-cleanup

php.ini中文版

php.ini 中文版 [金步国]

PHP配置文件的中文翻译

very-secure-php-ini

运行时配置

配置文件

  1. 搜索路径

    SAPI 指定位置 PHPIniDir, -c

    PHPRC 环境变量

    注册表 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\PHP(x(.y(.z)))] IniFilePath

    当前工作目录（对于 CLI）

    ?web 服务器(根)目录（对于 SAPI 模块）

    Windows 目录

  2. 名称

    php-SAPI.ini 会替代 php.ini

  3. 可以使用

    环境变量

    引用已存在的 .ini 变量 open_basedir = ${open_basedir} ":/new/dir"

.user.ini 文件

user_ini.filename
user_ini.cache_ttl

配置可被设定范围

  • PHP_INI_ALL 可在任何地方设定
  • PHP_INI_USER ini_set() 注册表 .user.ini
  • PHP_INI_PERDIR 可在 php.ini httpd.conf .htaccess (.user.ini ?)
  • PHP_INI_SYSTEM 可在 php.ini 或 httpd.conf

修改

  1. .htaccess
php_value name value
php_flag name on|off
  1. httpd.conf 不会被 .htaccess 覆盖
php_admin_value name value|none
php_admin_flag name on|off
  1. 注册表 HKLM\SOFTWARE\PHP\Per Directory Values\c\inetpub\wwwroot

基本配置项

时区

[Date]
date.timezone = PRC

对应的 php 函数

date_default_timezone_set()

PECL 扩展

扩展目录

extension_dir = "ext"

常用扩展

; 协议
extension=curl
extension=php_openssl.dll

; 文本和翻译
extension=php_gettext.dll
extension=php_intl.dll
extension=php_mbstring.dll

; 数据库
extension=php_mysqli.dll
extension=php_pdo_mysql.dll

高级配置项

开启 OPcache

[opcache]
zend_extension="K:\env\win\ProgramFiles(x86)\php-7.3.0RC1-nts\ext\php_opcache.dll"

; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled
opcache.enable=1

; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled for the CLI version of PHP
opcache.enable_cli=1

常用配置

Paths and Directories

include_path = ".;c:\php\includes"
sys_temp_dir = "D:/env/tmp/sys"
enable_dl = Off

File Uploads

file_uploads = On
upload_tmp_dir = "D:/env/tmp/upload"
upload_max_filesize = 20M
max_file_uploads = 20

日期

[Date]
date.timezone = PRC

会话

[Session]
session.save_handler = files
session.save_path = "N;MODE;/path"
session.name = PHPSESSID
session.use_trans_sid = 0
session.use_cookies = 1
session.use_only_cookies = 1
; 值设置为 0 可以在客户端禁用 cookie 时用 sid
参考：

禁用cookie后session是如何设置的

III. 语言参考

运算符

类型运算符 instanceof

细说PHP7中的NULL合并运算符

其它

42 ** 2 = 42 * 42

类与对象

Trait

重载

__set

__get

__isset

__unset

__call

__callStatic

魔术方法

__sleep

__wakeup

__toString

__invoke

__set_state

__debugInfo

预定义接口

Closure

IV. 函数参考

WinCache

函数功能补充

数组

  • 清除数组的数字键名项
  • 比较数组的键值
  • 合并 JSON 格式数组，以文本存储

编解码

  • \u 开头的

PHP解码unicode编码

  • DOMDocument::loadHTML 默认编码是 ISO-8859-1
// 转为实体
$dom->loadHTML(mb_convert_encoding($profile, 'HTML-ENTITIES', 'UTF-8')); 
<!-- 需要声明 -->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

PHP DOMDocument loadHTML出现乱码的解决方法

DOMDocument->loadHTML()处理中文的一点问题

V. 附录

php.ini 配置

选项列表

段列表

[HOST=]

[PATH=]

(核心配置)选项说明

最大执行时间、上传文件大小

版本差异

单元测试

设计模式

https://github.com/static-site/tutorial.pub/tree/master/docs/Software_design_pattern

PEAR

PHPDoc

https://github.com/php-fig/fig-standards/blob/master/proposed/phpdoc-tags.md

VI. 关键技术

Queries per second (QPS)

OOP

缓存技术、静态化设计

Web Service

RESTful

多线程

VII. 参考文档

VIII. 编辑器

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_PHP_editors

IX. 框架

自定义框架之路由