diff --git a/packages/core/src/config.ts b/packages/core/src/config.ts
index a4fc97f78..e1a357a65 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/config.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/config.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import path, { dirname, extname, isAbsolute, join } from 'node:path';
 import {
   type EnvironmentConfig,
   type RsbuildConfig,
+  type RsbuildPlugin,
   defineConfig as defineRsbuildConfig,
   loadConfig as loadRsbuildConfig,
   mergeRsbuildConfig,
@@ -612,6 +613,19 @@ const composeFormatConfig = ({
   }
 };
 
+const formatRsbuildPlugin = (): RsbuildPlugin => ({
+  name: 'rsbuild:format',
+  setup(api) {
+    api.modifyBundlerChain((config, { CHAIN_ID }) => {
+      // Fix for https://github.com/web-infra-dev/rslib/issues/499.
+      // Prevent parsing and try bundling `new URL()` in ESM format.
+      config.module.rule(CHAIN_ID.RULE.JS).parser({
+        url: false,
+      });
+    });
+  },
+});
+
 const composeShimsConfig = (
   format: Format,
   shims?: Shims,
@@ -657,9 +671,10 @@ const composeShimsConfig = (
             },
           },
         },
-        plugins: [resolvedShims.esm.require && pluginEsmRequireShim()].filter(
-          Boolean,
-        ),
+        plugins: [
+          resolvedShims.esm.require && pluginEsmRequireShim(),
+          formatRsbuildPlugin(),
+        ].filter(Boolean),
       };
       break;
     }
diff --git a/packages/core/tests/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap b/packages/core/tests/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap
index 3959432da..c7de92413 100644
--- a/packages/core/tests/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/core/tests/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap
@@ -108,6 +108,10 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config 1
         },
       },
       "plugins": [
+        {
+          "name": "rsbuild:format",
+          "setup": [Function],
+        },
         {
           "name": "rsbuild:lib-entry-chunk",
           "setup": [Function],
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index f68c7bb7f..853fbb0d7 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -659,6 +659,8 @@ importers:
 
   tests/integration/externals/node: {}
 
+  tests/integration/format: {}
+
   tests/integration/minify/config: {}
 
   tests/integration/minify/default: {}
diff --git a/tests/integration/format/index.test.ts b/tests/integration/format/index.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e32f5529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/format/index.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { buildAndGetResults } from 'test-helper';
+import { expect, test } from 'vitest';
+
+test('esm', async () => {
+  const fixturePath = __dirname;
+  const { files, entries, entryFiles } = await buildAndGetResults({
+    fixturePath,
+  });
+  expect(files).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+    {
+      "esm": [
+        "<ROOT>/tests/integration/format/dist/esm/index.js",
+      ],
+    }
+  `);
+  expect(entries.esm).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+    "import * as __WEBPACK_EXTERNAL_MODULE_node_url__ from "node:url";
+    const packageDirectory = __WEBPACK_EXTERNAL_MODULE_node_url__["default"].fileURLToPath(new URL('.', import.meta.url));
+    const foo = 'foo';
+    export { foo, packageDirectory };
+    "
+  `);
+
+  const result = await import(entryFiles.esm);
+  expect(result).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+    {
+      "foo": "foo",
+      "packageDirectory": "<ROOT>/tests/integration/format/dist/esm/",
+    }
+  `);
+});
diff --git a/tests/integration/format/package.json b/tests/integration/format/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce11e9b9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/format/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "name": "format-test",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "type": "module"
+}
diff --git a/tests/integration/format/rslib.config.ts b/tests/integration/format/rslib.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f085be28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/format/rslib.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { defineConfig } from '@rslib/core';
+import { generateBundleEsmConfig } from 'test-helper';
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  lib: [
+    generateBundleEsmConfig({
+      output: {
+        distPath: {
+          root: './dist/esm',
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+  ],
+  source: {
+    entry: {
+      index: './src/index.js',
+    },
+  },
+});
diff --git a/tests/integration/format/src/index.js b/tests/integration/format/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83c2eb677
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/format/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { packageDirectory, foo } from './value.js';
diff --git a/tests/integration/format/src/value.js b/tests/integration/format/src/value.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f55a49a50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/format/src/value.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import url from 'node:url';
+export const packageDirectory = url.fileURLToPath(
+  new URL('.', import.meta.url),
+);
+export const foo = 'foo';