diff --git a/e2e/cases/source/source-include-dependency/index.test.ts b/e2e/cases/source/source-include-dependency/index.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..728cc874a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/source/source-include-dependency/index.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { expect, test } from '@e2e/helper';
+import { outputFileSync } from 'fs-extra';
+
+// https://github.com/web-infra-dev/rsbuild/issues/6372
+test('should include dependency via `source.include` and `require.resolve`', async ({
+  build,
+}) => {
+  const packagePath = join(__dirname, 'node_modules', 'test');
+  outputFileSync(
+    join(packagePath, 'index.js'),
+    'export const value = window?.value;',
+  );
+  outputFileSync(
+    join(packagePath, 'package.json'),
+    JSON.stringify({ name: 'test', main: 'index.js' }),
+  );
+
+  const rsbuild = await build({
+    catchBuildError: true,
+  });
+
+  expect(rsbuild.buildError).toBeFalsy();
+  expect(
+    rsbuild.logs.find((log) => log.includes('Syntax check passed')),
+  ).toBeTruthy();
+});
diff --git a/e2e/cases/source/source-include-dependency/rsbuild.config.ts b/e2e/cases/source/source-include-dependency/rsbuild.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..059cab296d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/source/source-include-dependency/rsbuild.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { dirname } from 'node:path';
+import { defineConfig } from '@rsbuild/core';
+import { pluginCheckSyntax } from '@rsbuild/plugin-check-syntax';
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  plugins: [pluginCheckSyntax()],
+  source: {
+    include: [dirname(require.resolve('test'))],
+  },
+  output: {
+    overrideBrowserslist: ['Chrome >= 51'],
+  },
+});
diff --git a/e2e/cases/source/source-include-dependency/src/index.js b/e2e/cases/source/source-include-dependency/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a40425d2d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/source/source-include-dependency/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { value } from 'test';
+
+console.log(value);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/constants.ts b/packages/core/src/constants.ts
index 61df39a099..5c4fc99cac 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/constants.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/constants.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 export const __filename: string = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
 export const __dirname: string = dirname(__filename);
 export const isDeno: boolean = typeof Deno !== 'undefined';
+export const isWindows: boolean = process.platform === 'win32';
 
 // Paths
 export const ROOT_DIST_DIR = 'dist';
diff --git a/packages/core/src/helpers/path.ts b/packages/core/src/helpers/path.ts
index 364a191977..a5799cbf73 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/helpers/path.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/helpers/path.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import { isAbsolute, join, relative, sep } from 'node:path';
-import { COMPILED_PATH } from '../constants';
+import { isAbsolute, join, relative, sep, win32 } from 'node:path';
+import { COMPILED_PATH, isWindows } from '../constants';
+import type { Rspack } from '../types';
 
 export function toRelativePath(base: string, filepath: string): string {
   const relativePath = relative(base, filepath);
@@ -79,3 +80,23 @@ export const toPosixPath = (filepath: string): string => {
   }
   return filepath.replace(/\\/g, '/');
 };
+
+/**
+ * Normalize filepaths for `source.include` and `source.exclude` configuration.
+ * On Windows, `require.resolve` returns paths with posix forward slashes,
+ * This function normalizes the path to use backslashes.
+ */
+export const normalizeRuleConditionPath = (
+  filepath: Rspack.RuleSetCondition,
+): Rspack.RuleSetCondition => {
+  if (
+    isWindows &&
+    typeof filepath === 'string' &&
+    filepath.includes('/') &&
+    win32.isAbsolute(filepath)
+  ) {
+    return filepath.replace(/\//g, '\\');
+  }
+
+  return filepath;
+};
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugins/rsdoctor.ts b/packages/core/src/plugins/rsdoctor.ts
index 9627d731ab..9977abe8bd 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugins/rsdoctor.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugins/rsdoctor.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { createRequire } from 'node:module';
 import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
 import type { Configuration } from '@rspack/core';
+import { isWindows } from '../constants';
 import { color } from '../helpers';
 import { logger } from '../logger';
 import type { BundlerPluginInstance, RsbuildPlugin } from '../types';
@@ -65,10 +66,9 @@ export const pluginRsdoctor = (): RsbuildPlugin => ({
 
       let module: RsdoctorExports;
       try {
-        const moduleURL =
-          process.platform === 'win32'
-            ? pathToFileURL(packagePath).href
-            : packagePath;
+        const moduleURL = isWindows
+          ? pathToFileURL(packagePath).href
+          : packagePath;
         module = await import(moduleURL);
       } catch {
         logger.error(
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugins/swc.ts b/packages/core/src/plugins/swc.ts
index f9a4f49d07..346d29852f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugins/swc.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugins/swc.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   isFunction,
   isWebTarget,
 } from '../helpers';
+import { normalizeRuleConditionPath } from '../helpers/path';
 import type {
   NormalizedEnvironmentConfig,
   NormalizedSourceConfig,
@@ -55,11 +56,11 @@ function applyScriptCondition({
   }
 
   for (const condition of config.source.include || []) {
-    rule.include.add(condition);
+    rule.include.add(normalizeRuleConditionPath(condition));
   }
 
   for (const condition of config.source.exclude || []) {
-    rule.exclude.add(condition);
+    rule.exclude.add(normalizeRuleConditionPath(condition));
   }
 }