diff --git a/e2e/cases/output/invalid-target/index.test.ts b/e2e/cases/output/invalid-target/index.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..682d8b0971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/output/invalid-target/index.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { build } from '@e2e/helper';
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test';
+
+test('should throw error when `output.target` is invalid', async () => {
+  const rsbuild = await build({
+    cwd: __dirname,
+    catchBuildError: true,
+    rsbuildConfig: {
+      output: {
+        // @ts-expect-error test invalid target
+        target: 'foo',
+      },
+    },
+  });
+
+  expect(rsbuild.buildError?.message).toContain(
+    `Invalid value of output.target: "foo", valid values are:`,
+  );
+
+  await rsbuild.close();
+});
diff --git a/e2e/cases/output/invalid-target/src/index.js b/e2e/cases/output/invalid-target/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b1a393741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/output/invalid-target/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// empty
diff --git a/e2e/scripts/shared.ts b/e2e/scripts/shared.ts
index cd9ad23577..70533036e2 100644
--- a/e2e/scripts/shared.ts
+++ b/e2e/scripts/shared.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import assert from 'node:assert';
 import net from 'node:net';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
 import { URL } from 'node:url';
+import { stripVTControlCharacters as stripAnsi } from 'node:util';
 import type {
   CreateRsbuildOptions,
   RsbuildConfig,
@@ -287,6 +288,7 @@ export async function build({
     closeBuild = result.close;
   } catch (error) {
     buildError = error as Error;
+    buildError.message = stripAnsi(buildError.message);
 
     if (!catchBuildError) {
       throw buildError;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/provider/initConfigs.ts b/packages/core/src/provider/initConfigs.ts
index 192260c2e2..27dfec648c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/provider/initConfigs.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/provider/initConfigs.ts
@@ -181,14 +181,31 @@ const validateRsbuildConfig = (config: NormalizedConfig) => {
     );
   }
 
-  if (config.environments) {
-    const names = Object.keys(config.environments);
-    const regexp = /^[\w$-]+$/;
-    for (const name of names) {
-      // ensure environment names are filesystem and property access safe
-      if (!regexp.test(name)) {
-        logger.warn(
-          `${color.dim('[rsbuild:config]')} Environment name "${color.yellow(name)}" contains invalid characters. Only letters, numbers, "-", "_", and "$" are allowed.`,
+  if (!config.environments) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const environmentNames = Object.keys(config.environments);
+  const environmentNameRegexp = /^[\w$-]+$/;
+  const validTargets = ['web', 'node', 'web-worker'];
+
+  for (const name of environmentNames) {
+    // ensure environment names are filesystem and property access safe
+    if (!environmentNameRegexp.test(name)) {
+      logger.warn(
+        `${color.dim('[rsbuild:config]')} Environment name "${color.yellow(name)}" contains invalid characters. Only letters, numbers, "-", "_", and "$" are allowed.`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    const outputConfig = config.environments[name].output;
+    if (outputConfig.target) {
+      if (!validTargets.includes(outputConfig.target)) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `${color.dim('[rsbuild:config]')} Invalid value of ${color.yellow(
+            'output.target',
+          )}: ${color.yellow(`"${outputConfig.target}"`)}, valid values are: ${color.yellow(
+            validTargets.join(', '),
+          )}`,
         );
       }
     }