diff --git a/e2e/cases/cli/specified-environment/index.test.ts b/e2e/cases/cli/specified-environment/index.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a302ea46f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/cli/specified-environment/index.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { execSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { globContentJSON } from '@e2e/helper';
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test';
+
+test('should only build specified environment when using --environment option', async () => {
+  execSync('npx rsbuild build --environment web2', {
+    cwd: __dirname,
+  });
+
+  const files = await globContentJSON(path.join(__dirname, 'dist'));
+  const outputFiles = Object.keys(files);
+
+  expect(
+    outputFiles.find((item) => item.includes('web1/index.html')),
+  ).toBeFalsy();
+  expect(
+    outputFiles.find((item) => item.includes('web2/index.html')),
+  ).toBeTruthy();
+});
diff --git a/e2e/cases/cli/specified-environment/rsbuild.config.mjs b/e2e/cases/cli/specified-environment/rsbuild.config.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8cb3a3eda0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/cli/specified-environment/rsbuild.config.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { defineConfig } from '@rsbuild/core';
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  environments: {
+    web1: {
+      output: {
+        distPath: {
+          root: 'dist/web1',
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    web2: {
+      output: {
+        distPath: {
+          root: 'dist/web2',
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
+});
diff --git a/e2e/cases/cli/specified-environment/src/index.js b/e2e/cases/cli/specified-environment/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ddc67c9b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/cli/specified-environment/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+console.log('hello!');
diff --git a/packages/compat/webpack/src/initConfigs.ts b/packages/compat/webpack/src/initConfigs.ts
index 2cfaaef2d7..b4a32c4062 100644
--- a/packages/compat/webpack/src/initConfigs.ts
+++ b/packages/compat/webpack/src/initConfigs.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import {
-  type CreateRsbuildOptions,
   type InspectConfigOptions,
   type PluginManager,
+  type ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions,
   logger,
 } from '@rsbuild/core';
 import { inspectConfig } from './inspectConfig';
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { generateWebpackConfig } from './webpackConfig';
 export type InitConfigsOptions = {
   context: InternalContext;
   pluginManager: PluginManager;
-  rsbuildOptions: Required<CreateRsbuildOptions>;
+  rsbuildOptions: ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions;
 };
 
 export async function initConfigs({
diff --git a/packages/core/src/cli/commands.ts b/packages/core/src/cli/commands.ts
index b4222aea2e..3f5932fac8 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/cli/commands.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/cli/commands.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ export type CommonOptions = {
   open?: boolean | string;
   host?: string;
   port?: number;
+  environment?: string[];
 };
 
 export type BuildOptions = CommonOptions & {
@@ -39,6 +40,11 @@ const applyCommonOptions = (command: Command) => {
       '--env-mode <mode>',
       'specify the env mode to load the `.env.[mode]` file',
     )
+    .option<string[]>(
+      '--environment <name>',
+      'specify the name of environment to build',
+      (str, prev) => (prev ? prev.concat(str.split(',')) : str.split(',')),
+    )
     .option('--env-dir <dir>', 'specify the directory to load `.env` files');
 };
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/cli/init.ts b/packages/core/src/cli/init.ts
index 7ea975e33b..a4551b6589 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/cli/init.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/cli/init.ts
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ export async function init({
     return createRsbuild({
       cwd: root,
       rsbuildConfig: config,
+      environment: commonOpts.environment,
     });
   } catch (err) {
     if (isRestart) {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/createContext.ts b/packages/core/src/createContext.ts
index a99c406ed1..0d9b579614 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/createContext.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/createContext.ts
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ import { getHTMLPathByEntry } from './initPlugins';
 import { logger } from './logger';
 import type {
   BundlerType,
-  CreateRsbuildOptions,
   EnvironmentContext,
   InternalContext,
   NormalizedConfig,
   NormalizedEnvironmentConfig,
+  ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions,
   RsbuildConfig,
   RsbuildContext,
   RsbuildEntry,
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ function getAbsoluteDistPath(
  * Create context by config.
  */
 async function createContextByConfig(
-  options: Required<CreateRsbuildOptions>,
+  options: ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions,
   bundlerType: BundlerType,
 ): Promise<RsbuildContext> {
   const { cwd } = options;
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ export function createPublicContext(
  * which can have a lot of overhead and take some side effects.
  */
 export async function createContext(
-  options: Required<CreateRsbuildOptions>,
+  options: ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions,
   userRsbuildConfig: RsbuildConfig,
   bundlerType: BundlerType,
 ): Promise<InternalContext> {
@@ -223,5 +223,6 @@ export async function createContext(
     hooks: initHooks(),
     config: { ...rsbuildConfig },
     originalConfig: userRsbuildConfig,
+    specifiedEnvironments: options.environment,
   };
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/createRsbuild.ts b/packages/core/src/createRsbuild.ts
index dd948f2e3c..fee5e5541d 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/createRsbuild.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/createRsbuild.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import type {
   InternalContext,
   PluginManager,
   PreviewServerOptions,
+  ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions,
   RsbuildInstance,
   RsbuildProvider,
 } from './types';
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ export async function createRsbuild(
 ): Promise<RsbuildInstance> {
   const { rsbuildConfig = {} } = options;
 
-  const rsbuildOptions: Required<CreateRsbuildOptions> = {
+  const rsbuildOptions: ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions = {
     cwd: process.cwd(),
     rsbuildConfig,
     ...options,
@@ -180,7 +181,10 @@ export async function createRsbuild(
   if (rsbuildConfig.environments) {
     await Promise.all(
       Object.entries(rsbuildConfig.environments).map(async ([name, config]) => {
-        if (config.plugins) {
+        const isEnvironmentEnabled =
+          !rsbuildOptions.environment ||
+          rsbuildOptions.environment.includes(name);
+        if (config.plugins && isEnvironmentEnabled) {
           const plugins = await Promise.all(config.plugins);
           rsbuild.addPlugins(plugins, {
             environment: name,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/index.ts b/packages/core/src/index.ts
index 4d429d55b3..3f5b0532a3 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/index.ts
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ export type {
   CreateCompiler,
   CreateCompilerOptions,
   CreateRsbuildOptions,
+  ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions,
   CrossOrigin,
   CSSLoaderOptions,
   CSSModules,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/provider/initConfigs.ts b/packages/core/src/provider/initConfigs.ts
index 617f9d16f4..5e87623813 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/provider/initConfigs.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/provider/initConfigs.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import color from 'picocolors';
 import { getDefaultEntry, normalizeConfig } from '../config';
 import { JS_DIST_DIR } from '../constants';
 import {
@@ -9,7 +10,6 @@ import { isDebug, logger } from '../logger';
 import { mergeRsbuildConfig } from '../mergeConfig';
 import { initPlugins } from '../pluginManager';
 import type {
-  CreateRsbuildOptions,
   InspectConfigOptions,
   InternalContext,
   MergedEnvironmentConfig,
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import type {
   NormalizedConfig,
   NormalizedEnvironmentConfig,
   PluginManager,
+  ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions,
   RsbuildEntry,
   RspackConfig,
 } from '../types';
@@ -62,12 +63,13 @@ async function modifyEnvironmentConfig(
 export type InitConfigsOptions = {
   context: InternalContext;
   pluginManager: PluginManager;
-  rsbuildOptions: Required<CreateRsbuildOptions>;
+  rsbuildOptions: ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions;
 };
 
 const initEnvironmentConfigs = (
   normalizedConfig: NormalizedConfig,
   rootPath: string,
+  specifiedEnvironments?: string[],
 ): Record<string, MergedEnvironmentConfig> => {
   let defaultEntry: RsbuildEntry;
   const getDefaultEntryWithMemo = () => {
@@ -80,6 +82,9 @@ const initEnvironmentConfigs = (
     normalizedConfig;
   const { assetPrefix, lazyCompilation } = dev;
 
+  const isEnvironmentEnabled = (name: string) =>
+    !specifiedEnvironments || specifiedEnvironments.includes(name);
+
   const applyEnvironmentDefaultConfig = (config: MergedEnvironmentConfig) => {
     if (!config.source.entry) {
       config.source.entry = getDefaultEntryWithMemo();
@@ -94,35 +99,51 @@ const initEnvironmentConfigs = (
   };
 
   if (environments && Object.keys(environments).length) {
-    return Object.fromEntries(
-      Object.entries(environments).map(([name, config]) => {
-        const environmentConfig: MergedEnvironmentConfig = {
-          ...(mergeRsbuildConfig(
-            {
-              ...rsbuildSharedConfig,
-              dev: {
-                assetPrefix,
-                lazyCompilation,
-              },
-            } as unknown as MergedEnvironmentConfig,
-            config as unknown as MergedEnvironmentConfig,
-          ) as unknown as MergedEnvironmentConfig),
-        };
-
-        return [name, applyEnvironmentDefaultConfig(environmentConfig)];
-      }),
+    const resolvedEnvironments = Object.fromEntries(
+      Object.entries(environments)
+        .filter(([name]) => isEnvironmentEnabled(name))
+        .map(([name, config]) => {
+          const environmentConfig: MergedEnvironmentConfig = {
+            ...(mergeRsbuildConfig(
+              {
+                ...rsbuildSharedConfig,
+                dev: {
+                  assetPrefix,
+                  lazyCompilation,
+                },
+              } as unknown as MergedEnvironmentConfig,
+              config as unknown as MergedEnvironmentConfig,
+            ) as unknown as MergedEnvironmentConfig),
+          };
+
+          return [name, applyEnvironmentDefaultConfig(environmentConfig)];
+        }),
+    );
+
+    if (!Object.keys(resolvedEnvironments).length) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `The current build is specified to run only in the ${color.yellow(specifiedEnvironments?.join(','))} environment, but the configuration of the specified environment was not found.`,
+      );
+    }
+    return resolvedEnvironments;
+  }
+
+  const defaultEnvironmentName = camelCase(rsbuildSharedConfig.output.target);
+
+  if (!isEnvironmentEnabled(defaultEnvironmentName)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `The current build is specified to run only in the ${color.yellow(specifiedEnvironments?.join(','))} environment, but the configuration of the specified environment was not found.`,
     );
   }
 
   return {
-    [camelCase(rsbuildSharedConfig.output.target)]:
-      applyEnvironmentDefaultConfig({
-        ...rsbuildSharedConfig,
-        dev: {
-          assetPrefix,
-          lazyCompilation,
-        },
-      } as MergedEnvironmentConfig),
+    [defaultEnvironmentName]: applyEnvironmentDefaultConfig({
+      ...rsbuildSharedConfig,
+      dev: {
+        assetPrefix,
+        lazyCompilation,
+      },
+    } as MergedEnvironmentConfig),
   };
 };
 
@@ -151,6 +172,7 @@ export async function initRsbuildConfig({
   const mergedEnvironments = initEnvironmentConfigs(
     normalizeBaseConfig,
     context.rootPath,
+    context.specifiedEnvironments,
   );
 
   const {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/types/context.ts b/packages/core/src/types/context.ts
index b2da229d07..05752ad3df 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/types/context.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/types/context.ts
@@ -42,4 +42,6 @@ export type InternalContext = RsbuildContext & {
   getPluginAPI?: (environment?: string) => RsbuildPluginAPI;
   /** The environment context. */
   environments: Record<string, EnvironmentContext>;
+  /** Only build specified environment. */
+  specifiedEnvironments?: string[];
 };
diff --git a/packages/core/src/types/rsbuild.ts b/packages/core/src/types/rsbuild.ts
index a97f68a669..5b18ada386 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/types/rsbuild.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/types/rsbuild.ts
@@ -71,8 +71,13 @@ export type CreateRsbuildOptions = {
   cwd?: string;
   /** Configurations of Rsbuild. */
   rsbuildConfig?: RsbuildConfig;
+  /** Only build specified environment. */
+  environment?: string[];
 };
 
+export type ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions = CreateRsbuildOptions &
+  Required<Omit<CreateRsbuildOptions, 'environment'>>;
+
 export type ProviderInstance<B extends 'rspack' | 'webpack' = 'rspack'> = {
   readonly bundler: Bundler;
 
@@ -104,7 +109,7 @@ export type RsbuildProvider<B extends 'rspack' | 'webpack' = 'rspack'> =
   (options: {
     context: InternalContext;
     pluginManager: PluginManager;
-    rsbuildOptions: Required<CreateRsbuildOptions>;
+    rsbuildOptions: ResolvedCreateRsbuildOptions;
     setCssExtractPlugin: (plugin: unknown) => void;
   }) => Promise<ProviderInstance<B>>;
 
diff --git a/packages/core/tests/environments.test.ts b/packages/core/tests/environments.test.ts
index cbbb407f87..7107bafc32 100644
--- a/packages/core/tests/environments.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/tests/environments.test.ts
@@ -201,6 +201,42 @@ describe('environment config', () => {
     ).toMatchSnapshot();
   });
 
+  it('should support run specified environment', async () => {
+    process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';
+
+    const pluginLogs: string[] = [];
+
+    const plugin: (pluginId: string) => RsbuildPlugin = (pluginId) => ({
+      name: 'test-environment',
+      setup: () => {
+        pluginLogs.push(`run plugin in ${pluginId}`);
+      },
+    });
+
+    const rsbuild = await createRsbuild({
+      rsbuildConfig: {
+        environments: {
+          web: {
+            plugins: [plugin('web')],
+          },
+          ssr: {
+            plugins: [plugin('ssr')],
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      environment: ['ssr'],
+    });
+
+    rsbuild.addPlugins([plugin('global')]);
+
+    const {
+      origin: { environmentConfigs },
+    } = await rsbuild.inspectConfig();
+
+    expect(Object.keys(environmentConfigs)).toEqual(['ssr']);
+    expect(pluginLogs).toEqual(['run plugin in ssr', 'run plugin in global']);
+  });
+
   it('should normalize environment config correctly', async () => {
     process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';
     const rsbuild = await createRsbuild({
diff --git a/scripts/test-helper/src/rsbuild.ts b/scripts/test-helper/src/rsbuild.ts
index cc55e96c22..6331fb33c7 100644
--- a/scripts/test-helper/src/rsbuild.ts
+++ b/scripts/test-helper/src/rsbuild.ts
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export async function createStubRsbuild({
   }
 > {
   const { createRsbuild } = await import('@rsbuild/core');
-  const rsbuildOptions: Required<CreateRsbuildOptions> = {
+  const rsbuildOptions = {
     cwd: process.env.REBUILD_TEST_SUITE_CWD || process.cwd(),
     rsbuildConfig,
     ...options,
diff --git a/website/docs/en/guide/advanced/environments.mdx b/website/docs/en/guide/advanced/environments.mdx
index 242abbc21b..338bb8e4db 100644
--- a/website/docs/en/guide/advanced/environments.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/en/guide/advanced/environments.mdx
@@ -100,6 +100,24 @@ export default {
 };
 ```
 
+## Specify environment build
+
+By default, Rsbuild will build all environments in the Rsbuild configuration when you execute `rsbuild dev` or `rsbuild build`. You can build only the specified environment via `--environment <name>`.
+
+```bash
+# Build for all environments by default
+rsbuild dev
+
+# Build for the web environment
+rsbuild dev --environment web
+
+# Build for the web and ssr environments
+rsbuild dev --environment web --environment node
+
+# Build multiple environments can be shortened to:
+rsbuild dev --environment web,node
+```
+
 ## Add plugins for specified environment
 
 Plugins configured through the [plugins](/config/plugins) field support running in all environments. If you want a plugin to run only in a specified environment, you can configure the plugin in the specified `environment`.
diff --git a/website/docs/en/guide/basic/cli.mdx b/website/docs/en/guide/basic/cli.mdx
index 40c4896b5e..a9ea529d40 100644
--- a/website/docs/en/guide/basic/cli.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/en/guide/basic/cli.mdx
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ Options:
   --port <port>         specify a port number for Rsbuild Server to listen
   --host <host>         specify the host that the Rsbuild Server listens to
   -c --config <config>  specify the configuration file, can be a relative or absolute path
+  --environment <name>  specify the name of environment to build
   --env-mode <mode>     specify the env mode to load the `.env.[mode]` file
   --env-dir <dir>       specify the directory to load `.env` files
   -h, --help            display help for command
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ Usage: rsbuild build [options]
 Options:
   -w --watch            turn on watch mode, watch for changes and rebuild
   -c --config <config>  specify the configuration file, can be a relative or absolute path
+  --environment <name>  specify the name of environment to build
   --env-mode <mode>     specify the env mode to load the `.env.[mode]` file
   --env-dir <dir>       specify the directory to load `.env` files
   -h, --help            display help for command
@@ -91,6 +93,7 @@ Options:
   --port <port>         specify a port number for Rsbuild Server to listen
   --host <host>         specify the host that the Rsbuild Server listens to
   -c --config <config>  specify the configuration file, can be a relative or absolute path
+  --environment <name>  specify the name of environment to build
   --env-mode <mode>     specify the env mode to load the `.env.[mode]` file
   --env-dir <dir>       specify the directory to load `.env` files
   -h, --help            display help for command
@@ -112,6 +115,7 @@ Options:
   --output <output>     Specify the path to output in the dist (default: "/")
   --verbose             Show the full function in the result
   -c --config <config>  specify the configuration file, can be a relative or absolute path
+  --environment <name>  specify the name of environment to build
   --env-mode <mode>     specify the env mode to load the `.env.[mode]` file
   --env-dir <dir>       specify the directory to load `.env` files
   -h, --help            show command help
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ Inspect config succeed, open following files to view the content:
   - Rspack Config (web): /project/dist/rspack.config.web.mjs
 ```
 
-### Specifying Environment
+### Specifying Environment Mode
 
 By default, the inspect command outputs the configuration for the development environment. You can add the `--env production` option to output the configuration for the production build:
 
diff --git a/website/docs/zh/guide/advanced/environments.mdx b/website/docs/zh/guide/advanced/environments.mdx
index f77eec3e3f..61b70a1477 100644
--- a/website/docs/zh/guide/advanced/environments.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/zh/guide/advanced/environments.mdx
@@ -100,6 +100,24 @@ export default {
 };
 ```
 
+## 仅构建指定环境
+
+默认情况下，当你执行 `rsbuild dev` 或 `rsbuild build` 时，Rsbuild 会构建所有 Rsbuild 配置中的环境。你可以通过 `--environment <name>` 仅构建指定环境。
+
+```bash
+# 构建所有环境
+rsbuild dev
+
+# 仅构建 web 环境
+rsbuild dev --environment web
+
+# 构建 web 和 ssr 环境
+rsbuild dev --environment web --environment node
+
+# 构建多个环境可以简写为：
+rsbuild dev --environment web,node
+```
+
 ## 为指定环境添加插件
 
 通过 [plugins](/config/plugins) 字段配置的插件支持在所有环境下运行，如果你希望某个插件仅在指定环境下运行时，将该插件配置在特定 `environment` 下即可。
diff --git a/website/docs/zh/guide/basic/cli.mdx b/website/docs/zh/guide/basic/cli.mdx
index aef61ee341..7c3624569b 100644
--- a/website/docs/zh/guide/basic/cli.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/zh/guide/basic/cli.mdx
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ Options:
   --port <port>         设置 Rsbuild Server 监听的端口号
   --host <host>         指定 Rsbuild Server 启动时监听的 host
   -c --config <config>  指定配置文件路径，可以为相对路径或绝对路径
+  --environment <name>  指定需要构建的 environment 名称
   --env-mode <mode>     指定 env 模式来加载 `.env.[mode]` 文件
   --env-dir <dir>       指定目录来加载 `.env` 文件
   -h, --help            显示命令帮助
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ Usage: rsbuild build [options]
 Options:
   -w --watch            开启 watch 模式, 监听文件变更并重新构建
   -c --config <config>  指定配置文件路径，可以为相对路径或绝对路径
+  --environment <name>  指定需要构建的 environment 名称
   --env-mode <mode>     指定 env 模式来加载 `.env.[mode]` 文件
   --env-dir <dir>       指定目录来加载 `.env` 文件
   -h, --help            显示命令帮助
@@ -91,6 +93,7 @@ Options:
   --port <port>         设置 Rsbuild Server 监听的端口号
   --host <host>         指定 Rsbuild Server 启动时监听的 host
   -c --config <config>  指定配置文件路径，可以为相对路径或绝对路径
+  --environment <name>  指定需要构建的 environment 名称
   --env-mode <mode>     指定 env 模式来加载 `.env.[mode]` 文件
   --env-dir <dir>       指定目录来加载 `.env` 文件
   -h, --help            显示命令帮助
@@ -112,6 +115,7 @@ Options:
   --output <output>     指定在 dist 目录下输出的路径 (default: "/")
   --verbose             在结果中展示函数的完整内容
   -c --config <config>  指定配置文件路径，可以为相对路径或绝对路径
+  --environment <name>  指定需要构建的 environment 名称
   --env-mode <mode>     指定 env 模式来加载 `.env.[mode]` 文件
   --env-dir <dir>       指定目录来加载 `.env` 文件
   -h, --help            显示命令帮助
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ Inspect config succeed, open following files to view the content:
   - Rspack Config (web): /project/dist/rspack.config.web.mjs
 ```
 
-### 指定环境
+### 指定环境模式
 
 默认情况下，inspect 命令会输出开发环境的配置，你可以添加 `--env production` 选项来输出生产环境的配置：