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CL-AGRAPH — A minimal portable Lisp client for AllegroGraph

Tested with AG v7.0.0.

TL;DR

The current docs, likewise the client itself, are minimal. A brief introduction can be found in this blog post.

Data Structures

The basic data structure of agraph is a triple (actually, a quad, but it's called a triple for historic reasons)

(defstruct (triple (:conc-name nil)
                   (:print-object print-triple))
  s p o g
  obj-lang obj-type)

Triple components are, uris, blank-nodes, and literals (strings, numbers, booleans).

When the triple is printed, it is displayed in the standard nquads format:

AGRAPH> (<> (make-blank-node) "http://foo.com/foo" "bar" :g "http://foo.com/baz" :lang "en")
_:bn1899 <http://foo.com/foo> "bar"@en <http://foo.com/baz> .

I have chosen the diamond sign (<>) to signify triples (as in ntriples/nquads formats, the URIs are enclosed in it). So, the API functions that deal with triples are mostly accompanied by this sign. The parts enclosed in <> in the nquads representation are uris.

The function <> ensures proper types of the triple components. There's also raw make-triple that creates the triple structure with the arguments passed as is.

RDF permits specifying expansions for uri prefixes and the uri function is aware of that:

AGRAPH> (register-prefix "foo" "http://foo.com/")
"http://foo.com/"
AGRAPH> (<> (make-blank-node) "rdf:type" (uri "foo:quux"))
_:bn1921 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://foo.com/quux> .

You can see that we have used the default expansion for prefix rdf and the user-defined one for prefix foo. The object of the triple was explicitly converted to uri before it was passed to the <> function as objects may be either strings or uris.

The other core data structure of CL-AGRAPH is ag-config. It lists the connection parameters that are used to make the client HTTP requests. Most of the parameters have reasonable defaults, but at least the :repo should be specified. The macro with-ag is intended for controlling the config parameters.

API

The main functions of the triple API are the following:

  • <> is a shorthand for creating new triples that ensures that its arguments are converted to proper types. You have already seen it in action above
  • get<> is for getting a list of triples by subject (:s), predicate (:p), object (:o), and graph (:g)
  • add<> and rem<> will add/remove the appropriate triples
  • map<> and do<> allows iteration over them

Here is a simple session of interacting with the triple-store:

AGRAPH> (with-ag (:repo "test" :port 12345)
          (let ((subj (make-blank-node)))
            (add<> (<> subj "rdf:type" (uri "foo:bar"))
                   (<> subj "foo:baz" "quux" :lang "en"))))
2
AGRAPH> (with-ag (:repo "test" :port 12345)
          (get<>))
(_:bF049DE41x7325578 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://foo.com/bar> .
 _:bF049DE41x7325578 <http://foo.com/baz> "quux"@en .)
AGRAPH> (with-ag (:repo "test" :port 12345)
          (rem<> :g (uri "foo:bar")))
0
AGRAPH> (with-ag (:repo "test" :port 12345)
          (get<>))
(_:bF049DE41x7325578 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://foo.com/bar> .
 _:bF049DE41x7325578 <http://foo.com/baz> "quux"@en .)
AGRAPH> (with-ag (:repo "test" :port 12345)
          (rem<> :o (uri "foo:bar")))
1
AGRAPH> (with-ag (:repo "test" :port 12345)
          (get<>))
(_:bF049DE41x7325578 <http://foo.com/baz> "quux"@en .)
AGRAPH> (with-ag (:repo "test" :port 12345)
          (count<>))
1

As you can see, add<> functions a bit differently from other functions in this list as it needs full triples to operate, not just triple components.

The function sparql allows running complex SPARQL queries and obtaining the results either as a list of hash-tables (default) or as triples (in case, either the query is a select * or some of the variables S, P, O, G are present in the results. To make sparql output resulting triples, :want-triples should be set.

AGRAPH> (with-ag (:repo "test" :port 12345)
          (sparql "select * { ?s ?p ?o }" :want-triples t))
(_:bF049DE41x7325578 <http://foo.com/baz> "quux"@en .)
AGRAPH> (with-ag (:repo "test" :port 12345)
          (sparql "select ?p { ?s ?p ?o }"))
(#{EQUALP
   "p" <http://foo.com/baz>
  } )

The queries to sparql function may be supplied not only as string but also as sexps that are first converted to strings and then sent to the engine. Those are called Symbolic SPARQL.

Here is a simple example:

AGRAPH> (with-ag (:repo "test" :port 12345)
          (sparql '(select * (?s ?p (:@ "quux" "en")))))
(#{EQUALP
   "P" <http://foo.com/baz>
   "S" _:bF049DE41x7325578
  } )

You can more elaborate ones in the test file.

The transaction API supports the basic commit and rollback commands.

The repo API implements repo creation and deletion with create-repo and delete-repo.

License

MIT (See LICENSE file for details).