diff --git a/tests/v1/sample/test_rejection_sampler.py b/tests/v1/sample/test_rejection_sampler.py
index ae0cbeab53b2..e628f903792c 100644
--- a/tests/v1/sample/test_rejection_sampler.py
+++ b/tests/v1/sample/test_rejection_sampler.py
@@ -544,13 +544,15 @@ def native_sample_recovered_tokens(
     target_probs: torch.Tensor,  # [num_tokens, vocab_size]
     sampling_metadata: SamplingMetadata,
     device: torch.device,
+    use_fp64_gumbel: bool = False,
 ) -> torch.Tensor:
     batch_size = len(num_draft_tokens)
     vocab_size = target_probs.shape[-1]
+    q_dtype = torch.float64 if use_fp64_gumbel else torch.float32
 
     q = torch.empty(
         (batch_size, vocab_size),
-        dtype=torch.float32,
+        dtype=q_dtype,
         device=device,
     )
     q.exponential_()
@@ -935,6 +937,67 @@ def test_sample_recovered_tokens(
     assert torch.equal(recovered_token_ids, ref_recovered_token_ids)
 
 
+def test_sample_recovered_tokens_uses_fp64_exponential_race_when_requested():
+    batch_size = 2
+    vocab_size = 64
+    max_spec_len = 2
+    num_tokens = batch_size * max_spec_len
+
+    draft_probs = torch.rand(
+        num_tokens,
+        vocab_size,
+        dtype=torch.float32,
+        device=DEVICE_TYPE,
+    )
+    draft_probs = F.softmax(draft_probs, dim=-1)
+    target_probs = torch.rand(
+        num_tokens,
+        vocab_size,
+        dtype=torch.float32,
+        device=DEVICE_TYPE,
+    )
+    target_probs = F.softmax(target_probs, dim=-1)
+    draft_token_ids = torch.multinomial(draft_probs, num_samples=1).to(torch.int32)
+
+    generators = {
+        i: torch.Generator(device=DEVICE_TYPE).manual_seed(i) for i in range(batch_size)
+    }
+    sampling_metadata = create_sampling_metadata(
+        all_greedy=False,
+        temperature=torch.ones(batch_size, dtype=torch.float32, device=DEVICE_TYPE),
+        generators=generators,
+    )
+    spec_decode_metadata = create_spec_decode_metadata(
+        draft_token_ids.reshape(batch_size, max_spec_len).tolist(),
+        target_probs.log(),
+    )
+
+    expected = native_sample_recovered_tokens(
+        max_spec_len,
+        spec_decode_metadata.num_draft_tokens,
+        spec_decode_metadata.cu_num_draft_tokens,
+        draft_token_ids,
+        draft_probs,
+        target_probs,
+        sampling_metadata,
+        device=torch.device(DEVICE_TYPE),
+        use_fp64_gumbel=True,
+    )
+    actual = sample_recovered_tokens(
+        max_spec_len,
+        spec_decode_metadata.num_draft_tokens,
+        spec_decode_metadata.cu_num_draft_tokens,
+        draft_token_ids,
+        draft_probs,
+        target_probs,
+        sampling_metadata,
+        device=torch.device(DEVICE_TYPE),
+        use_fp64_gumbel=True,
+    )
+
+    assert torch.equal(actual, expected)
+
+
 ########################### Tests for Synthetic Rejection Sampling #########
 
 
diff --git a/tests/v1/sample/test_topk_topp_sampler.py b/tests/v1/sample/test_topk_topp_sampler.py
index a80fddc9235b..554649b5e192 100644
--- a/tests/v1/sample/test_topk_topp_sampler.py
+++ b/tests/v1/sample/test_topk_topp_sampler.py
@@ -6,7 +6,12 @@
 
 from vllm.platforms import current_platform
 from vllm.triton_utils import HAS_TRITON
-from vllm.v1.sample.ops.topk_topp_sampler import apply_top_k_top_p_pytorch
+from vllm.utils.torch_utils import set_random_seed
+from vllm.v1.sample.ops.topk_topp_sampler import (
+    apply_top_k_top_p_pytorch,
+    random_sample,
+)
+from vllm.v1.sample.sampler import Sampler
 
 DEVICE_TYPE = current_platform.device_type
 
@@ -38,6 +43,10 @@ def _flashinfer_topk_topp_supported() -> bool:
 FLASHINFER_TOPK_TOPP_SUPPORTED = _flashinfer_topk_topp_supported()
 
 
+def _seed_default_generator(seed: int) -> None:
+    set_random_seed(seed)
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 def reset_default_device():
     """
@@ -49,6 +58,35 @@ def reset_default_device():
     torch.set_default_device(original_device)
 
 
+def test_sampler_threads_fp64_gumbel_to_topk_topp_sampler():
+    sampler = Sampler(use_fp64_gumbel=True)
+
+    assert sampler.topk_topp_sampler.use_fp64_gumbel
+
+
+def test_random_sample_uses_fp64_exponential_race_when_requested():
+    torch.set_default_device(DEVICE_TYPE)
+    probs = torch.tensor(
+        [
+            [0.70, 0.20, 0.10],
+            [0.05, 0.15, 0.80],
+            [0.25, 0.25, 0.50],
+        ],
+        dtype=torch.float32,
+        device=DEVICE_TYPE,
+    )
+
+    _seed_default_generator(12345)
+    q = torch.empty(probs.shape, dtype=torch.float64, device=probs.device)
+    q.exponential_()
+    expected = q.reciprocal_().mul_(probs).argmax(dim=-1).view(-1)
+
+    _seed_default_generator(12345)
+    actual = random_sample(probs.clone(), {}, use_fp64_gumbel=True)
+
+    assert torch.equal(actual, expected)
+
+
 def test_topk_impl_equivalence():
     torch.set_default_device(DEVICE_TYPE)
     generator = Generator(device=DEVICE_TYPE).manual_seed(33)
diff --git a/tests/v1/spec_decode/test_eagle.py b/tests/v1/spec_decode/test_eagle.py
index c13de6d4f71f..32f9dcc86ab4 100644
--- a/tests/v1/spec_decode/test_eagle.py
+++ b/tests/v1/spec_decode/test_eagle.py
@@ -1034,7 +1034,8 @@ def test_propose_stores_probabilistic_draft_probs(monkeypatch):
     proposer.model = model_mock
     proposer._draft_attn_layer_names = {"layer.0"}
 
-    def fake_compute_probs(logits, sampling_metadata):
+    def fake_compute_probs(logits, sampling_metadata, use_fp64_gumbel):
+        assert use_fp64_gumbel == proposer.use_fp64_gumbel
         probs = torch.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
         return probs.argmax(dim=-1), probs
 
diff --git a/tests/v1/spec_decode/test_llm_base_proposer_sampling.py b/tests/v1/spec_decode/test_llm_base_proposer_sampling.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9c7ec760ebb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/v1/spec_decode/test_llm_base_proposer_sampling.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
+
+import torch
+
+from vllm.platforms import current_platform
+from vllm.utils.torch_utils import set_random_seed
+from vllm.v1.sample.logits_processor import LogitsProcessors
+from vllm.v1.sample.metadata import SamplingMetadata
+from vllm.v1.spec_decode.llm_base_proposer import (
+    compute_probs_and_sample_next_token,
+)
+
+DEVICE_TYPE = current_platform.device_type
+
+
+def _seed_default_generator(seed: int) -> None:
+    set_random_seed(seed)
+
+
+def _make_sampling_metadata(batch_size: int) -> SamplingMetadata:
+    return SamplingMetadata(
+        temperature=torch.ones(batch_size, dtype=torch.float32, device=DEVICE_TYPE),
+        all_greedy=False,
+        all_random=True,
+        top_p=None,
+        top_k=None,
+        generators={},
+        max_num_logprobs=None,
+        no_penalties=True,
+        prompt_token_ids=None,
+        frequency_penalties=torch.empty(0, device=DEVICE_TYPE),
+        presence_penalties=torch.empty(0, device=DEVICE_TYPE),
+        repetition_penalties=torch.empty(0, device=DEVICE_TYPE),
+        output_token_ids=[[] for _ in range(batch_size)],
+        spec_token_ids=[[] for _ in range(batch_size)],
+        allowed_token_ids_mask=None,
+        bad_words_token_ids={},
+        logitsprocs=LogitsProcessors(),
+    )
+
+
+def test_compute_probs_and_sample_next_token_uses_fp64_exponential_race():
+    batch_size = 4
+    vocab_size = 32
+    generator = torch.Generator(device=DEVICE_TYPE).manual_seed(11)
+    logits = torch.randn(
+        batch_size,
+        vocab_size,
+        dtype=torch.float32,
+        device=DEVICE_TYPE,
+        generator=generator,
+    )
+    metadata = _make_sampling_metadata(batch_size)
+
+    _seed_default_generator(12345)
+    probs = logits.softmax(dim=-1, dtype=torch.float32)
+    q = torch.empty(probs.shape, dtype=torch.float64, device=probs.device)
+    q.exponential_()
+    expected_ids = q.reciprocal_().mul_(probs).argmax(dim=-1).view(-1)
+
+    _seed_default_generator(12345)
+    actual_ids, actual_probs = compute_probs_and_sample_next_token(
+        logits.clone(),
+        metadata,
+        use_fp64_gumbel=True,
+    )
+
+    assert torch.equal(actual_ids, expected_ids)
+    assert torch.allclose(actual_probs, probs)
diff --git a/tools/gumbel_precision/prove_exponential_race_precision.py b/tools/gumbel_precision/prove_exponential_race_precision.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2af8f40fa745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/gumbel_precision/prove_exponential_race_precision.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
+"""CUDA proof for fp32 exponential-race tail truncation.
+
+This script is intentionally not a unit test. It is a reproducible, GPU-only
+statistical proof for the hidden Gumbel-max idiom:
+
+    q.exponential_()
+    sample = (probs / q).argmax()
+
+For q ~ Exp(1), this is equivalent to argmax(log(probs) + Gumbel). On CUDA,
+fp32 exponential samples inherit a 24-bit uniform lower-tail cutoff, so very
+small q values are impossible. The many-tail experiment below chooses a case
+where a correct sampler should select a low-probability tail token dozens of
+times, while fp32 q cannot select one.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import math
+import time
+
+import torch
+
+
+def _seed(seed: int) -> None:
+    torch.manual_seed(seed)
+
+
+def measure_exponential_lower_tail(
+    *,
+    device: torch.device,
+    samples: int,
+    chunk_size: int,
+    seed: int,
+) -> None:
+    threshold = 2.0**-24
+    print(f"lower-tail threshold: {threshold:.18e}")
+    for dtype in (torch.float32, torch.float64):
+        _seed(seed)
+        count_below = 0
+        min_q = float("inf")
+        max_q = 0.0
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+        remaining = samples
+        while remaining > 0:
+            n = min(chunk_size, remaining)
+            q = torch.empty((n,), dtype=dtype, device=device)
+            q.exponential_()
+            count_below += int((q < threshold).sum().item())
+            min_q = min(min_q, float(q.min().item()))
+            max_q = max(max_q, float(q.max().item()))
+            remaining -= n
+        torch.accelerator.synchronize()
+        elapsed = time.perf_counter() - start
+        print(
+            f"{dtype}: samples={samples} count(q < 2^-24)={count_below} "
+            f"min={min_q:.18e} max={max_q:.6f} elapsed={elapsed:.2f}s"
+        )
+
+
+def run_many_tail_race(
+    *,
+    device: torch.device,
+    trials: int,
+    num_tail_tokens: int,
+    gap: float,
+    chunk_trials: int,
+    seed: int,
+) -> None:
+    p_tail = math.exp(-gap)
+    expected_tail_hits = (
+        trials * (num_tail_tokens * p_tail) / (1.0 + num_tail_tokens * p_tail)
+    )
+    print(
+        "many-tail race: "
+        f"trials={trials} num_tail_tokens={num_tail_tokens} gap={gap} "
+        f"expected_tail_hits={expected_tail_hits:.4f}"
+    )
+
+    for dtype in (torch.float32, torch.float64):
+        _seed(seed)
+        hits = 0
+        p0 = torch.tensor(1.0, dtype=dtype, device=device)
+        pt = torch.tensor(p_tail, dtype=dtype, device=device)
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+        remaining = trials
+        while remaining > 0:
+            batch = min(chunk_trials, remaining)
+            q0 = torch.empty((batch,), dtype=dtype, device=device)
+            q0.exponential_()
+            qt = torch.empty((batch, num_tail_tokens), dtype=dtype, device=device)
+            qt.exponential_()
+            head_score = p0 / q0
+            tail_score = (pt / qt).amax(dim=-1)
+            hits += int((tail_score > head_score).sum().item())
+            remaining -= batch
+        torch.accelerator.synchronize()
+        elapsed = time.perf_counter() - start
+        print(f"{dtype}: tail_hits={hits} elapsed={elapsed:.2f}s")
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("--lower-tail-samples", type=int, default=200_000_000)
+    parser.add_argument("--lower-tail-chunk-size", type=int, default=10_000_000)
+    parser.add_argument("--race-trials", type=int, default=100_000)
+    parser.add_argument("--race-tail-tokens", type=int, default=262_144)
+    parser.add_argument("--race-gap", type=float, default=20.5)
+    parser.add_argument("--race-chunk-trials", type=int, default=64)
+    parser.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=2026)
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if not torch.accelerator.is_available():
+        raise RuntimeError("CUDA is required for this proof.")
+
+    device = torch.accelerator.current_accelerator()
+    if device.type != "cuda":
+        raise RuntimeError("CUDA is required for this proof.")
+
+    print(f"torch={torch.__version__} cuda={torch.version.cuda}")
+    print(f"device={device}")
+    measure_exponential_lower_tail(
+        device=device,
+        samples=args.lower_tail_samples,
+        chunk_size=args.lower_tail_chunk_size,
+        seed=args.seed,
+    )
+    run_many_tail_race(
+        device=device,
+        trials=args.race_trials,
+        num_tail_tokens=args.race_tail_tokens,
+        gap=args.race_gap,
+        chunk_trials=args.race_chunk_trials,
+        seed=args.seed,
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/vllm/config/model.py b/vllm/config/model.py
index 67040a423b73..f648a69e10e2 100644
--- a/vllm/config/model.py
+++ b/vllm/config/model.py
@@ -235,9 +235,10 @@ class ModelConfig:
     temperature and top_k/top_p.
     """
     use_fp64_gumbel: bool = False
-    """Whether to use FP64 (instead of FP32) for the Gumbel noise used by the
-    sampler. FP64 reduces the chance of ties in Gumbel-max sampling at the cost
-    of significantly lower kernel throughput on most GPUs."""
+    """Whether to use FP64 (instead of FP32) random noise for Gumbel-max and
+    equivalent exponential-race sampling. FP64 preserves lower-tail sampling
+    events that fp32 uniform/exponential draws can truncate, at the cost of
+    significantly lower throughput on most GPUs."""
     disable_sliding_window: bool = False
     """Whether to disable sliding window. If True, we will disable the sliding
     window functionality of the model, capping to sliding window size. If the
diff --git a/vllm/v1/sample/ops/topk_topp_sampler.py b/vllm/v1/sample/ops/topk_topp_sampler.py
index baa0e77119bf..6f324ce98501 100644
--- a/vllm/v1/sample/ops/topk_topp_sampler.py
+++ b/vllm/v1/sample/ops/topk_topp_sampler.py
@@ -75,9 +75,14 @@ class TopKTopPSampler(nn.Module):
     Implementations may update the logits tensor in-place.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, logprobs_mode: LogprobsMode = "raw_logprobs") -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        logprobs_mode: LogprobsMode = "raw_logprobs",
+        use_fp64_gumbel: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self.logprobs_mode = logprobs_mode
+        self.use_fp64_gumbel = use_fp64_gumbel
         if current_platform.is_cuda():
             # FlashInfer doesn't expose post-top-k/top-p logits/logprobs,
             # so it can't be used when the configured mode requires them.
@@ -142,7 +147,10 @@ def forward_native(
         elif self.logprobs_mode == "processed_logprobs":
             logits_to_return = logits.log_softmax(dim=-1, dtype=torch.float32)
         probs = logits.softmax(dim=-1, dtype=torch.float32)
-        return random_sample(probs, generators), logits_to_return
+        return (
+            random_sample(probs, generators, self.use_fp64_gumbel),
+            logits_to_return,
+        )
 
     def forward_cuda(
         self,
@@ -163,6 +171,8 @@ def forward_cuda(
                     "PyTorch-native implementation."
                 )
             return self.forward_native(logits, generators, k, p)
+        if self.use_fp64_gumbel:
+            return self.forward_native(logits, generators, k, p)
         assert self.logprobs_mode not in ("processed_logits", "processed_logprobs"), (
             "FlashInfer does not support returning logits/logprobs"
         )
@@ -190,16 +200,16 @@ def forward_cpu(
         elif self.logprobs_mode == "processed_logprobs":
             logits_to_return = logits.log_softmax(dim=-1, dtype=torch.float32)
 
-        if len(generators) != logits.shape[0]:
+        if len(generators) != logits.shape[0] and not self.use_fp64_gumbel:
             return compiled_random_sample(logits), logits_to_return
 
         probs = logits.softmax(dim=-1, dtype=torch.float32)
-        q = torch.empty_like(probs)
+        q = empty_exponential_noise_like(probs, self.use_fp64_gumbel)
         q.exponential_()
         for i, generator in generators.items():
             q[i].exponential_(generator=generator)
 
-        return probs.div_(q).argmax(dim=-1).view(-1), logits_to_return
+        return sample_with_exponential_noise(probs, q), logits_to_return
 
     def forward_hip(
         self,
@@ -216,6 +226,8 @@ def forward_hip(
                     "falling back to PyTorch-native."
                 )
             return self.forward_native(logits, generators, k, p)
+        if self.use_fp64_gumbel:
+            return self.forward_native(logits, generators, k, p)
         assert self.logprobs_mode not in (
             "processed_logits",
             "processed_logprobs",
@@ -404,16 +416,33 @@ def apply_top_k_only(logits: torch.Tensor, k: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
     return logits.masked_fill_(logits < top_k_mask, -float("inf"))
 
 
+def empty_exponential_noise_like(
+    probs: torch.Tensor, use_fp64_gumbel: bool
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    dtype = torch.float64 if use_fp64_gumbel else probs.dtype
+    return torch.empty(probs.shape, dtype=dtype, device=probs.device)
+
+
+def sample_with_exponential_noise(probs: torch.Tensor, q: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+    if q.dtype == probs.dtype:
+        scores = probs.div_(q)
+    else:
+        scores = q.reciprocal_()
+        scores.mul_(probs)
+    return scores.argmax(dim=-1).view(-1)
+
+
 def random_sample(
     probs: torch.Tensor,
     generators: dict[int, torch.Generator],
+    use_fp64_gumbel: bool = False,
 ) -> torch.Tensor:
     """Randomly sample from the probabilities.
 
     We use this function instead of torch.multinomial because torch.multinomial
     causes CPU-GPU synchronization.
     """
-    q = torch.empty_like(probs)
+    q = empty_exponential_noise_like(probs, use_fp64_gumbel)
     # NOTE(woosuk): To batch-process the requests without their own seeds,
     # which is the common case, we first assume that every request does
     # not have its own seed. Then, we overwrite the values for the requests
@@ -425,7 +454,7 @@ def random_sample(
         # one by one. Optimize this.
         for i, generator in generators.items():
             q[i].exponential_(generator=generator)
-    return probs.div_(q).argmax(dim=-1).view(-1)
+    return sample_with_exponential_noise(probs, q)
 
 
 def flashinfer_sample(
diff --git a/vllm/v1/sample/rejection_sampler.py b/vllm/v1/sample/rejection_sampler.py
index 678654cb78a4..153677e35fa4 100644
--- a/vllm/v1/sample/rejection_sampler.py
+++ b/vllm/v1/sample/rejection_sampler.py
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ def __init__(
     ):
         super().__init__()
         self.sampler = sampler
+        self.use_fp64_gumbel = getattr(sampler, "use_fp64_gumbel", False)
         logprobs_mode = self.sampler.logprobs_mode
         self.is_processed_logprobs_mode = logprobs_mode.startswith("processed")
         self.is_logits_logprobs_mode = logprobs_mode.endswith("logits")
@@ -176,6 +177,7 @@ def forward(
             sampling_metadata,
             synthetic_mode=self.synthetic_mode,
             synthetic_conditional_rates=self.synthetic_conditional_rates,
+            use_fp64_gumbel=self.use_fp64_gumbel,
         )
 
         logprobs_tensors = None
@@ -406,6 +408,7 @@ def rejection_sample(
     sampling_metadata: SamplingMetadata,
     synthetic_mode: bool = False,
     synthetic_conditional_rates: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+    use_fp64_gumbel: bool = False,
 ) -> torch.Tensor:
     assert draft_token_ids.ndim == 1
     assert draft_probs is None or draft_probs.ndim == 2
@@ -480,6 +483,7 @@ def rejection_sample(
         target_probs,
         sampling_metadata,
         device,
+        use_fp64_gumbel,
     )
 
     # Rejection sampling for random sampling requests.
@@ -669,13 +673,15 @@ def sample_recovered_tokens(
     target_probs: torch.Tensor,
     sampling_metadata: SamplingMetadata,
     device: torch.device,
+    use_fp64_gumbel: bool = False,
 ) -> torch.Tensor:
     # NOTE(woosuk): Create only one distribution for each request.
     batch_size = len(num_draft_tokens)
     vocab_size = target_probs.shape[-1]
+    q_dtype = torch.float64 if use_fp64_gumbel else torch.float32
     q = torch.empty(
         (batch_size, vocab_size),
-        dtype=torch.float32,
+        dtype=q_dtype,
         device=device,
     )
     q.exponential_()
@@ -699,6 +705,7 @@ def sample_recovered_tokens(
         vocab_size,
         BLOCK_SIZE,
         NO_DRAFT_PROBS=draft_probs is None,
+        USE_FP64_GUMBEL=use_fp64_gumbel,
     )
     return recovered_token_ids
 
@@ -861,6 +868,7 @@ def sample_recovered_tokens_kernel(
     vocab_size,
     BLOCK_SIZE: tl.constexpr,
     NO_DRAFT_PROBS: tl.constexpr,
+    USE_FP64_GUMBEL: tl.constexpr,
 ):
     req_idx = tl.program_id(0)
     start_idx = 0 if req_idx == 0 else tl.load(cu_num_draft_tokens_ptr + req_idx - 1)
@@ -877,7 +885,10 @@ def sample_recovered_tokens_kernel(
     if NO_DRAFT_PROBS:
         draft_token_id = tl.load(draft_token_ids_ptr + token_idx)
 
-    max_val = float("-inf")
+    if USE_FP64_GUMBEL:
+        max_val = tl.full((), float("-inf"), tl.float64)
+    else:
+        max_val = tl.full((), float("-inf"), tl.float32)
     recovered_id = 0
     for v in range(0, vocab_size, BLOCK_SIZE):
         vocab_offset = v + tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE)
diff --git a/vllm/v1/sample/sampler.py b/vllm/v1/sample/sampler.py
index 9ac3821a3261..eadc009c254a 100644
--- a/vllm/v1/sample/sampler.py
+++ b/vllm/v1/sample/sampler.py
@@ -58,11 +58,16 @@ class Sampler(nn.Module):
     9. Return the final `SamplerOutput`.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, logprobs_mode: LogprobsMode = "raw_logprobs"):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        logprobs_mode: LogprobsMode = "raw_logprobs",
+        use_fp64_gumbel: bool = False,
+    ):
         super().__init__()
-        self.topk_topp_sampler = TopKTopPSampler(logprobs_mode)
+        self.topk_topp_sampler = TopKTopPSampler(logprobs_mode, use_fp64_gumbel)
         self.pin_memory = is_pin_memory_available()
         self.logprobs_mode = logprobs_mode
+        self.use_fp64_gumbel = use_fp64_gumbel
 
     def forward(
         self,
diff --git a/vllm/v1/spec_decode/llm_base_proposer.py b/vllm/v1/spec_decode/llm_base_proposer.py
index aa1bf270c1cc..38db54839372 100644
--- a/vllm/v1/spec_decode/llm_base_proposer.py
+++ b/vllm/v1/spec_decode/llm_base_proposer.py
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@
 from vllm.v1.cudagraph_dispatcher import CudagraphDispatcher
 from vllm.v1.kv_cache_interface import KVCacheConfig, UniformTypeKVCacheSpecs
 from vllm.v1.sample.metadata import SamplingMetadata
+from vllm.v1.sample.ops.topk_topp_sampler import (
+    empty_exponential_noise_like,
+    sample_with_exponential_noise,
+)
 from vllm.v1.sample.sampler import _SAMPLING_EPS
 from vllm.v1.spec_decode.metadata import SpecDecodeMetadata
 from vllm.v1.spec_decode.utils import (
@@ -113,6 +117,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.use_local_argmax_reduction: bool = (
             self.speculative_config.use_local_argmax_reduction
         )
+        self.use_fp64_gumbel = vllm_config.model_config.use_fp64_gumbel
 
         self.max_batch_size = vllm_config.scheduler_config.max_num_seqs
         self.max_num_tokens = vllm_config.scheduler_config.max_num_batched_tokens
@@ -409,7 +414,9 @@ def _sample_from_logits(
             return logits.argmax(dim=-1), None
         if sampling_metadata.all_greedy:
             return logits.argmax(dim=-1), None
-        return compute_probs_and_sample_next_token(logits, sampling_metadata)
+        return compute_probs_and_sample_next_token(
+            logits, sampling_metadata, self.use_fp64_gumbel
+        )
 
     def _sample_draft_tokens(
         self,
@@ -1656,6 +1663,7 @@ def _determine_batch_execution_and_padding(
 def compute_probs_and_sample_next_token(
     logits: torch.Tensor,
     sampling_metadata: SamplingMetadata,
+    use_fp64_gumbel: bool = False,
 ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
     if sampling_metadata.all_greedy:
         # For greedy requests, draft_probs is not used in rejection sampling.
@@ -1682,11 +1690,11 @@ def compute_probs_and_sample_next_token(
     # of the generated tokens after rejection sampling.
 
     # TODO(woosuk): Consider seeds.
-    q = torch.empty_like(probs)
+    q = empty_exponential_noise_like(probs, use_fp64_gumbel)
     q.exponential_()
     # NOTE(woosuk): We shouldn't use `probs.div_(q)` because the draft_probs
     # will be used later for rejection sampling.
-    next_token_ids = probs.div(q).argmax(dim=-1).view(-1)
+    next_token_ids = sample_with_exponential_noise(probs.clone(), q)
     if not sampling_metadata.all_random:
         greedy_token_ids = probs.argmax(dim=-1)
         next_token_ids = torch.where(is_greedy, greedy_token_ids, next_token_ids)
diff --git a/vllm/v1/worker/gpu_model_runner.py b/vllm/v1/worker/gpu_model_runner.py
index 8c726be337ee..462375644ba4 100644
--- a/vllm/v1/worker/gpu_model_runner.py
+++ b/vllm/v1/worker/gpu_model_runner.py
@@ -504,7 +504,10 @@ def __init__(
         self.use_async_scheduling = self.scheduler_config.async_scheduling
 
         # Sampler
-        self.sampler = Sampler(logprobs_mode=self.model_config.logprobs_mode)
+        self.sampler = Sampler(
+            logprobs_mode=self.model_config.logprobs_mode,
+            use_fp64_gumbel=self.model_config.use_fp64_gumbel,
+        )
 
         self.eplb_state: EplbState | None = None
         self._moe_model: MixtureOfExperts | None = None