diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins/wasm.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins/wasm.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..85e2a9760cb129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins/wasm.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest'
+import { assetUrlRE } from '../../plugins/asset'
+
+describe('wasm plugin assetUrlRE usage', () => {
+  // Regression test: assetUrlRE has the /g flag, which makes .test()
+  // stateful via lastIndex. When the wasm plugin called assetUrlRE.test()
+  // on consecutive asset URLs without resetting lastIndex, the second call
+  // would fail because lastIndex was already past the end of the string.
+  // This caused a non-deterministic bug where ~half of wasm files would
+  // miss the __VITE_ASSET__ -> __VITE_WASM_INIT__ replacement in SSR
+  // builds, leading to ENOENT errors at runtime.
+  test('assetUrlRE.test() fails on second call without lastIndex reset', () => {
+    const url1 = '__VITE_ASSET__abc123__'
+    const url2 = '__VITE_ASSET__def456__'
+
+    // Simulate the bug: two consecutive .test() calls without resetting lastIndex
+    assetUrlRE.lastIndex = 0
+    expect(assetUrlRE.test(url1)).toBe(true)
+    // After the first successful match, lastIndex is advanced past the string
+    expect(assetUrlRE.lastIndex).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+    // The second call fails because lastIndex > url2.length
+    expect(assetUrlRE.test(url2)).toBe(false)
+
+    // Clean up
+    assetUrlRE.lastIndex = 0
+  })
+
+  test('assetUrlRE.test() succeeds on consecutive calls with lastIndex reset', () => {
+    const url1 = '__VITE_ASSET__abc123__'
+    const url2 = '__VITE_ASSET__def456__'
+
+    assetUrlRE.lastIndex = 0
+    expect(assetUrlRE.test(url1)).toBe(true)
+
+    // The fix: reset lastIndex before the next call
+    assetUrlRE.lastIndex = 0
+    expect(assetUrlRE.test(url2)).toBe(true)
+
+    // Clean up
+    assetUrlRE.lastIndex = 0
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/wasm.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/wasm.ts
index a6361f655e3294..56199377036043 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/wasm.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/wasm.ts
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ export default ${wasmHelperCode}
 
           id = id.split('?')[0]
           let url = await fileToUrl(this, id, ssr)
+          assetUrlRE.lastIndex = 0
           if (ssr && assetUrlRE.test(url)) {
             url = url.replace('__VITE_ASSET__', '__VITE_WASM_INIT__')
           }