diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/shortcuts.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/shortcuts.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..c2169018c42cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/shortcuts.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { createServer } from '../server'
+import { preview } from '../preview'
+import { bindCLIShortcuts } from '../shortcuts'
+
+describe('bindCLIShortcuts', () => {
+  test.each([
+    ['dev server', () => createServer()],
+    ['preview server', () => preview()],
+  ])('binding custom shortcuts with the %s', async (_, startServer) => {
+    const server = await startServer()
+
+    try {
+      const xAction = vi.fn()
+      const yAction = vi.fn()
+
+      bindCLIShortcuts(
+        server,
+        {
+          customShortcuts: [
+            { key: 'x', description: 'test x', action: xAction },
+            { key: 'y', description: 'test y', action: yAction },
+          ],
+        },
+        true,
+      )
+
+      expect.assert(
+        server._rl,
+        'The readline interface should be defined after binding shortcuts.',
+      )
+      expect(xAction).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+      server._rl.emit('line', 'x')
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(xAction).toHaveBeenCalledOnce())
+
+      const xUpdatedAction = vi.fn()
+      const zAction = vi.fn()
+
+      xAction.mockClear()
+      bindCLIShortcuts(
+        server,
+        {
+          customShortcuts: [
+            { key: 'x', description: 'test x updated', action: xUpdatedAction },
+            { key: 'z', description: 'test z', action: zAction },
+          ],
+        },
+        true,
+      )
+
+      expect(xUpdatedAction).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+      server._rl.emit('line', 'x')
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(xUpdatedAction).toHaveBeenCalledOnce())
+
+      // Ensure original xAction is not called again
+      expect(xAction).not.toBeCalled()
+
+      expect(yAction).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+      server._rl.emit('line', 'y')
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(yAction).toHaveBeenCalledOnce())
+
+      expect(zAction).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+      server._rl.emit('line', 'z')
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(zAction).toHaveBeenCalledOnce())
+    } finally {
+      await server.close()
+    }
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/preview.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/preview.ts
index b424de3e6bf66f..6e45f0b377c5c3 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/preview.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/preview.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs'
 import path from 'node:path'
+import type readline from 'node:readline'
 import sirv from 'sirv'
 import compression from '@polka/compression'
 import connect from 'connect'
@@ -107,6 +108,14 @@ export interface PreviewServer {
    * Bind CLI shortcuts
    */
   bindCLIShortcuts(options?: BindCLIShortcutsOptions<PreviewServer>): void
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _shortcutsOptions?: BindCLIShortcutsOptions<PreviewServer>
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _rl?: readline.Interface | undefined
 }
 
 export type PreviewServerHook = (
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
index 27d694dea04541..5396aab5d42093 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { get as httpsGet } from 'node:https'
 import type * as http from 'node:http'
 import { performance } from 'node:perf_hooks'
 import type { Http2SecureServer } from 'node:http2'
+import type readline from 'node:readline'
 import connect from 'connect'
 import corsMiddleware from 'cors'
 import colors from 'picocolors'
@@ -408,6 +409,10 @@ export interface ViteDevServer {
    * @internal
    */
   _shortcutsOptions?: BindCLIShortcutsOptions<ViteDevServer>
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _rl?: readline.Interface | undefined
   /**
    * @internal
    */
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/shortcuts.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/shortcuts.ts
index 1bac571627008b..bbca13dd58a27a 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/shortcuts.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/shortcuts.ts
@@ -28,15 +28,28 @@ export type CLIShortcut<Server = ViteDevServer | PreviewServer> = {
 export function bindCLIShortcuts<Server extends ViteDevServer | PreviewServer>(
   server: Server,
   opts?: BindCLIShortcutsOptions<Server>,
+  enabled: boolean = process.stdin.isTTY && !process.env.CI,
 ): void {
-  if (!server.httpServer || !process.stdin.isTTY || process.env.CI) {
+  if (!server.httpServer || !enabled) {
     return
   }
 
   const isDev = isDevServer(server)
 
-  if (isDev) {
-    server._shortcutsOptions = opts as BindCLIShortcutsOptions<ViteDevServer>
+  const customShortcuts: CLIShortcut<ViteDevServer | PreviewServer>[] =
+    opts?.customShortcuts ?? []
+
+  // Merge custom shortcuts from existing options
+  // with new shortcuts taking priority
+  for (const shortcut of server._shortcutsOptions?.customShortcuts ?? []) {
+    if (!customShortcuts.some((s) => s.key === shortcut.key)) {
+      customShortcuts.push(shortcut)
+    }
+  }
+
+  server._shortcutsOptions = {
+    ...opts,
+    customShortcuts,
   }
 
   if (opts?.print) {
@@ -48,7 +61,7 @@ export function bindCLIShortcuts<Server extends ViteDevServer | PreviewServer>(
     )
   }
 
-  const shortcuts = (opts?.customShortcuts ?? []).concat(
+  const shortcuts = customShortcuts.concat(
     (isDev
       ? BASE_DEV_SHORTCUTS
       : BASE_PREVIEW_SHORTCUTS) as CLIShortcut<Server>[],
@@ -87,9 +100,15 @@ export function bindCLIShortcuts<Server extends ViteDevServer | PreviewServer>(
     actionRunning = false
   }
 
-  const rl = readline.createInterface({ input: process.stdin })
-  rl.on('line', onInput)
-  server.httpServer.on('close', () => rl.close())
+  if (!server._rl) {
+    const rl = readline.createInterface({ input: process.stdin })
+    server._rl = rl
+    server.httpServer.on('close', () => rl.close())
+  } else {
+    server._rl.removeAllListeners('line')
+  }
+
+  server._rl.on('line', onInput)
 }
 
 const BASE_DEV_SHORTCUTS: CLIShortcut<ViteDevServer>[] = [