diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
index eb247a2248955b..8a8346fcbeb1eb 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
@@ -681,6 +681,7 @@ export const configDefaults = Object.freeze({
     noExternal: [],
     external: [],
     preserveSymlinks: false,
+    tsconfigPaths: false,
     alias: [],
   },
 
@@ -1934,6 +1935,17 @@ assetFileNames isn't equal for every build.rollupOptions.output. A single patter
     )
   }
 
+  if (
+    resolved.resolve.tsconfigPaths &&
+    resolved.experimental.enableNativePlugin === false
+  ) {
+    resolved.logger.warn(
+      colors.yellow(`
+(!) resolve.tsconfigPaths is set to true, but native plugins are disabled. To use resolve.tsconfigPaths, please enable native plugins via experimental.enableNativePlugin.
+`),
+    )
+  }
+
   return resolved
 }
 
@@ -2177,6 +2189,7 @@ async function bundleConfigFile(
             dedupe: [],
             extensions: configDefaults.resolve.extensions,
             preserveSymlinks: false,
+            tsconfigPaths: false,
             packageCache,
             isRequire,
             builtins: nodeLikeBuiltins,
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
index 6780894acaa24a..21de6da3556bef 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
@@ -114,6 +114,15 @@ export interface ResolveOptions extends EnvironmentResolveOptions {
    * @default false
    */
   preserveSymlinks?: boolean
+  /**
+   * Enable tsconfig paths resolution
+   *
+   * This option does not have any effect if `experimental.enableNativePlugin` is set to `false`.
+   *
+   * @default false
+   * @experimental
+   */
+  tsconfigPaths?: boolean
 }
 
 interface ResolvePluginOptions {
@@ -266,7 +275,7 @@ export function oxcResolvePlugin(
             tryIndex: options.tryIndex ?? true,
             tryPrefix: options.tryPrefix,
             preserveSymlinks: options.preserveSymlinks,
-            tsconfigPaths: false,
+            tsconfigPaths: options.tsconfigPaths,
           },
           environmentConsumer: partialEnv.config.consumer,
           environmentName: partialEnv.name,
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/fetchModule.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/fetchModule.ts
index fabeaaa1e716d8..5c9aac410eddfe 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/fetchModule.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/fetchModule.ts
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ export async function fetchModule(
       extensions: ['.js', '.cjs', '.json'],
       dedupe,
       preserveSymlinks,
+      tsconfigPaths: false,
       isBuild: false,
       isProduction,
       root,
diff --git a/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..6e4f81d4473d40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { expect, test } from 'vitest'
+import { page } from '~utils'
+
+test('import from .ts', async () => {
+  await expect.poll(() => page.textContent('.ts')).toMatch('[success]')
+})
+
+test('import from .js', async () => {
+  await expect.poll(() => page.textContent('.js')).toMatch('[success]')
+})
+
+test('fallback works', async () => {
+  await expect.poll(() => page.textContent('.fallback')).toMatch('[success]')
+})
diff --git a/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/fallback/fallback.js b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/fallback/fallback.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3407a59f7c86ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/fallback/fallback.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default '[success] imported from fallback'
diff --git a/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/index.html b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..7dd53fe111dc27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<h1>Resolve: tsconfig paths</h1>
+
+<h2>Import from .ts</h2>
+<p class="ts"></p>
+
+<h2>Import from .js</h2>
+<p class="js"></p>
+
+<h2>Fallback works</h2>
+<p class="fallback"></p>
+
+<script type="module">
+  function text(selector, text) {
+    document.querySelector(selector).textContent = text
+  }
+
+  import ts from './src/ts.ts'
+  text('.ts', ts)
+
+  import js from './src/js.js'
+  text('.js', js)
+
+  import fallback from '@fallback/fallback'
+  text('.fallback', fallback)
+</script>
diff --git a/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/package.json b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e4b0a23a3c65a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "name": "@vitejs/test-resolve-tsconfig-paths",
+  "private": true,
+  "version": "0.0.0",
+  "type": "module",
+  "scripts": {
+    "dev": "vite",
+    "build": "vite build",
+    "debug": "node --inspect-brk ../../packages/vite/bin/vite",
+    "preview": "vite preview"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/src/imported.js b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/src/imported.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..49d5a8f82b28e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/src/imported.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default '[success] imported'
diff --git a/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/src/js.js b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/src/js.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..8d1fff745b93ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/src/js.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { default } from '@/imported'
diff --git a/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/src/ts.ts b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/src/ts.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..8d1fff745b93ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/src/ts.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { default } from '@/imported'
diff --git a/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/tsconfig.json b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..8d9202c7c1d633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "allowJs": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "paths": {
+      "@/*": ["./src/*"],
+      "@fallback/*": ["./src/*", "./fallback/*"]
+    }
+  },
+  "exclude": ["./__tests__"]
+}
diff --git a/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/vite.config.js b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/vite.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..25158f653fe3fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths/vite.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  resolve: {
+    tsconfigPaths: true,
+  },
+  experimental: {
+    enableNativePlugin: 'resolver',
+  },
+})
diff --git a/playground/tsconfig.json b/playground/tsconfig.json
index cac04a1704fb65..b1517262e11ed4 100644
--- a/playground/tsconfig.json
+++ b/playground/tsconfig.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "include": ["**/vite*config*", "**/*.ts"],
-  "exclude": ["**/dist/**", "./legacy/**"],
+  "exclude": ["**/dist/**", "./legacy/**", "./resolve-tsconfig-paths/**"],
   "compilerOptions": {
     "checkJs": true,
     "target": "ES2023",
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index ecf885e26473dc..8fc2e4adcb6113 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -1313,6 +1313,8 @@ importers:
 
   playground/resolve-linked: {}
 
+  playground/resolve-tsconfig-paths: {}
+
   playground/resolve/browser-field:
     dependencies:
       '@vitejs/test-resolve-browser-field-bare-import-fail':