diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/config.ts b/packages/next/src/server/config.ts
index 3c624efc9642..de5150ca36c0 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/config.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/config.ts
@@ -1267,10 +1267,12 @@ export default async function loadConfig(
       throw err
     }
 
-    const userConfig = (await normalizeConfig(
+    // Clone a new userConfig each time to avoid mutating the original
+    const loadedConfig = (await normalizeConfig(
       phase,
-      userConfigModule.default || userConfigModule
+      interopDefault(userConfigModule)
     )) as NextConfig
+    const userConfig = cloneObject(loadedConfig) as NextConfig
 
     if (!process.env.NEXT_MINIMAL) {
       // We only validate the config against schema in non minimal mode
@@ -1388,7 +1390,7 @@ export default async function loadConfig(
       userConfig.htmlLimitedBots = userConfig.htmlLimitedBots.source
     }
 
-    onLoadUserConfig?.(userConfig)
+    onLoadUserConfig?.(Object.freeze(loadedConfig))
     const completeConfig = assignDefaults(
       dir,
       {
@@ -1476,3 +1478,22 @@ export function getConfiguredExperimentalFeatures(
   }
   return configuredExperimentalFeatures
 }
+
+function cloneObject(obj: any): any {
+  if (obj === null || typeof obj !== 'object') {
+    return obj
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+    return obj.map(cloneObject)
+  }
+  const keys = Object.keys(obj)
+  if (keys.length === 0) {
+    return obj
+  }
+
+  return keys.reduce((acc, key) => {
+    ;(acc as any)[key] = cloneObject(obj[key])
+    return acc
+  }, {})
+}
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/metadata-streaming/metadata-streaming-customized-rule.test.ts b/test/e2e/app-dir/metadata-streaming/metadata-streaming-customized-rule.test.ts
index f8781d302519..88e2d7d48107 100644
--- a/test/e2e/app-dir/metadata-streaming/metadata-streaming-customized-rule.test.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/metadata-streaming/metadata-streaming-customized-rule.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { nextTestSetup } from 'e2e-utils'
 
 describe('app-dir - metadata-streaming-customized-rule', () => {
-  const { next } = nextTestSetup({
+  const { next, isNextDev } = nextTestSetup({
     files: __dirname,
     overrideFiles: {
       'next.config.js': `
@@ -39,4 +39,12 @@ describe('app-dir - metadata-streaming-customized-rule', () => {
     expect(await $('head title').length).toBe(0)
     expect(await $('body title').length).toBe(1)
   })
+
+  if (isNextDev) {
+    it('should not have schema issue', () => {
+      expect(next.cliOutput).not.toContain(
+        'Invalid next.config.js options detected'
+      )
+    })
+  }
 })
diff --git a/test/integration/config-experimental-warning/next.config.js b/test/integration/config-experimental-warning/next.config.js
deleted file mode 100644
index ba08da856bf8..000000000000
--- a/test/integration/config-experimental-warning/next.config.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = {
-  experimental: {
-    staticGenerationRetryCount: 2,
-    staticGenerationMaxConcurrency: 4,
-  },
-}