From 88bf542b3354310ab8b9bee0aa4f45ecc905c819 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dillon DuPont Date: Mon, 1 Jun 2026 19:25:24 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 01/10] feat(cua-driver-rs)(windows): background click/type into any window without z-raise or cursor movement MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Unifies the Windows input path so a caller just targets an app and plays click/type actions — no `dispatch` knob, no app-internals knowledge — and the target window is never raised to the foreground. Mechanism (input/inject.rs): - NoActivateGuard: per-window WS_EX_NOACTIVATE for the duration of a background click/type. Windows then refuses to make the target foreground at all (click-activation, WM_MOUSEACTIVATE, and a WPF/XAML/Tauri handler's own SetForegroundWindow(self) are all denied) while the window still RECEIVES the input. Per-window, reverted on drop — no session side effects. - Coordinate-routed, cursor-free delivery, layered by the default background path: UIA Invoke (Chromium DOM / WebView2 / UWP / controls) -> PostMessage (plain Win32 + WM_CHAR text) -> touch injection (canvas left-click) / pen injection (right-click). ZorderGuard (DWM cloak + SetWindowPos SWP_NOACTIVATE) hides any residual z movement. - Keyboard accelerators are capability-first: inject_key_cloaked cloaks the target, takes focus via the AttachThreadInput trick (beats the foreground-lock without UIAccess), SendInputs the combo so GetKeyState/TranslateAccelerator fire, then restores the user's foreground. The keystroke is always delivered; the brief focus is hidden and reverted. Falls back to PostMessage if focus can't be obtained — never drops the action. The global SPI_SETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT freeze was tried and rejected: it is a session-wide setting that leaks if the daemon dies mid-action, and is ineffective anyway (our own injected input legitimizes the target's foreground claim even under a maxed lock). Verified end-to-end in crates/cua-driver/tests/e2e_windows_bg_input_test.rs (6/6, #[ignore], serial): Electron/Chromium, Tauri/WebView2, and Win32 — left click, right click, text type, and Ctrl+A — all stay background (oracle: target pid never becomes foreground) with the keystroke/click delivered. The suite auto-downloads the trycua test apps, runs every child under a JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE Job Object plus a ChildBag/broker-pid teardown so nothing orphans (even on panic or Ctrl-C), discovers multi-process app windows via a new-window diff, and bounds every JSON-RPC call with a 25s timeout. Also adds examples/zdrop_probe.rs (z-order/foreground probe) and docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md (RE methodology, findings, and the implemented solution). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) --- .gitignore | 4 +- .../rust/crates/cua-driver/Cargo.toml | 13 +- .../tests/e2e_windows_bg_input_test.rs | 558 ++++++++++++++++++ .../rust/crates/platform-windows/Cargo.toml | 6 + .../platform-windows/examples/zdrop_probe.rs | 314 ++++++++++ .../platform-windows/src/input/dispatch.rs | 20 +- .../platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs | 379 ++++++++++++ .../crates/platform-windows/src/input/mod.rs | 2 + .../platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs | 114 +++- .../docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md | 285 +++++++++ 10 files changed, 1669 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) create mode 100644 libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cua-driver/tests/e2e_windows_bg_input_test.rs create mode 100644 libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/examples/zdrop_probe.rs create mode 100644 libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs create mode 100644 libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 32a250ed36..a91bb24b5e 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -217,4 +217,6 @@ post-provision scripts/check-repo-md-links.py docs/scripts/check-links.py docs/scripts/check-all-links.py -docs/scripts/check-mdx-links.py \ No newline at end of file +docs/scripts/check-mdx-links.py +# Local Windows RE scratch (downloaded PDBs, disassembly scripts) +.re-windows/ diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cua-driver/Cargo.toml b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cua-driver/Cargo.toml index affa006490..57156b1f29 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cua-driver/Cargo.toml +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cua-driver/Cargo.toml @@ -69,4 +69,15 @@ tempfile = "3" [target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dev-dependencies] platform-windows = { path = "../platform-windows" } -windows = { version = "0.61", features = ["Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging", "Win32_Foundation"] } +windows = { version = "0.61", features = [ + "Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging", + "Win32_Foundation", + # Job Object: assign every spawned test child to a KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE job so + # the OS terminates the whole tree when the test process dies for ANY reason + # (including SIGKILL / Ctrl-C) — guarantees no orphaned windows or held ports. + "Win32_System_JobObjects", + # CreateJobObjectW's signature references SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES; + # JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION embeds IO_COUNTERS (Threading). + "Win32_Security", + "Win32_System_Threading", +] } diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cua-driver/tests/e2e_windows_bg_input_test.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cua-driver/tests/e2e_windows_bg_input_test.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c0a1a66555 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cua-driver/tests/e2e_windows_bg_input_test.rs @@ -0,0 +1,558 @@ +//! End-to-end Windows test for the **unified background input interface**: +//! a caller targets an app and plays click/key actions WITHOUT knowing the +//! app's internals (Electron/Chromium, Tauri/WebView2, classic Win32) and +//! WITHOUT the target window ever being raised to the foreground. +//! +//! Verified two ways per action: +//! 1. The tool succeeds in the DEFAULT dispatch mode — no +//! `background_unavailable` error, no `dispatch:"foreground"` needed. +//! 2. The `focus-monitor-win` sentinel records ZERO foreground losses across +//! the action == the target window was not z-raised over the user's +//! window (same oracle as `harness_bg_modality_test`). +//! +//! ## Process hygiene (no orphaned windows / held ports) +//! Every child (target app, sentinel, driver) is spawned into a Windows **Job +//! Object** created with `JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE`. The test process +//! holds the only job handle, so when it exits for ANY reason — normal end, +//! panic, or being force-killed (Ctrl-C) — the OS terminates the entire child +//! tree. A per-fixture `ChildBag` also kills+waits promptly between tests so +//! windows don't pile up during a run, and every early-return path reaps. +//! +//! Targets (trycua test apps, auto-downloaded to %TEMP% if not provided): +//! - Electron (Chromium content) — `trycua/desktop-test-app-electron`. +//! - Tauri (WebView2 content) — `trycua/desktop-test-app`. +//! - Win32 baseline — `notepad.exe`. +//! Override with `CUA_ELECTRON_EXE` / `CUA_TAURI_EXE`, or drop the exe in +//! `test-apps/`. Auto-download uses `curl.exe`. +//! +//! Every JSON-RPC call is bounded by a hard timeout (a hung driver becomes a +//! fast, localized failure — never an indefinite wall-clock hang). +//! +//! All tests are `#[ignore]` (GUI, real desktop session). Run explicitly, +//! serially (apps bind a fixed HTTP port, so never in parallel): +//! cargo test -p cua-driver --test e2e_windows_bg_input_test -- --ignored --nocapture --test-threads=1 + +#![cfg(target_os = "windows")] + +use core::ffi::c_void; +use std::collections::HashSet; +use std::fs; +use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Write}; +use std::os::windows::io::AsRawHandle; +use std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; +use std::process::{Child, ChildStdin, Command, Stdio}; +use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Receiver}; +use std::sync::OnceLock; +use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; + +use windows::Win32::Foundation::{CloseHandle, HANDLE}; +use windows::Win32::System::JobObjects::{ + AssignProcessToJobObject, CreateJobObjectW, SetInformationJobObject, + JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation, JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION, + JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE, +}; +use windows::Win32::System::Threading::{OpenProcess, PROCESS_SET_QUOTA, PROCESS_TERMINATE}; + +const CALL_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(25); + +const ELECTRON_URL: &str = "https://github.com/trycua/desktop-test-app-electron/releases/download/v0.1.0/desktop-test-app-electron.0.1.0.exe"; +const TAURI_URL: &str = "https://github.com/trycua/desktop-test-app/releases/download/v0.2.2/desktop-test-app-windows-x86_64.exe"; + +// ── Job Object: kill the whole child tree when this test process dies ───────── + +/// Process-global job handle (stored as usize so it's `Send`/`Sync` in the +/// OnceLock). Created lazily with KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE. +static JOB: OnceLock = OnceLock::new(); + +fn job() -> HANDLE { + let raw = *JOB.get_or_init(|| unsafe { + let h = CreateJobObjectW(None, windows::core::PCWSTR::null()).expect("CreateJobObjectW"); + let mut info = JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION::default(); + info.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags = JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE; + let _ = SetInformationJobObject( + h, + JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation, + &info as *const _ as *const c_void, + std::mem::size_of::() as u32, + ); + h.0 as usize + }); + HANDLE(raw as *mut c_void) +} + +/// Spawn a command and immediately assign it to the kill-on-close job, so it +/// can never outlive this test process. +fn spawn_in_job(cmd: &mut Command) -> std::io::Result { + let child = cmd.spawn()?; + unsafe { + let h = HANDLE(child.as_raw_handle() as *mut c_void); + let _ = AssignProcessToJobObject(job(), h); + } + Ok(child) +} + +/// Assign an already-running pid (e.g. the broker-spawned window process of a +/// packaged app, which is NOT our direct child) to the kill-on-close job, so +/// it too dies when this test process exits. Best-effort. +fn assign_pid_to_job(pid: u32) { + unsafe { + if let Ok(h) = OpenProcess(PROCESS_SET_QUOTA | PROCESS_TERMINATE, false, pid) { + if !h.is_invalid() { + let _ = AssignProcessToJobObject(job(), h); + let _ = CloseHandle(h); + } + } + } +} + +/// Owns every spawned child AND any externally-launched pids (broker apps); +/// kills them all on drop — prompt cleanup between tests and on early +/// return / panic unwind. The Job Object is the backstop for hard kills. +struct ChildBag { children: Vec, pids: Vec } +impl ChildBag { + fn new() -> Self { ChildBag { children: Vec::new(), pids: Vec::new() } } + fn push(&mut self, c: Child) { self.children.push(c); } + /// Track an external pid (and its whole tree) for teardown via taskkill. + fn track_pid(&mut self, pid: u32) { self.pids.push(pid); } +} +impl Drop for ChildBag { + fn drop(&mut self) { + // Tree-kill externally-discovered window processes first (packaged / + // broker-launched apps whose window pid isn't our spawned child). + for pid in &self.pids { + let _ = Command::new("taskkill") + .args(["/F", "/T", "/PID", &pid.to_string()]) + .stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + .status(); + } + for c in &mut self.children { + let _ = c.kill(); + let _ = c.wait(); + } + std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(250)); + } +} + +/// Best-effort kill of any prior instance of `exe` by basename, so a leftover +/// from an earlier (e.g. force-killed) run can't hold the app's fixed HTTP port. +fn kill_prior_by_name(exe: &Path) { + if let Some(name) = exe.file_name().and_then(|n| n.to_str()) { + let _ = Command::new("taskkill") + .args(["/F", "/T", "/IM", name]) + .stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + .status(); + } +} + +// ── paths / downloads ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── + +fn workspace_root() -> PathBuf { + let manifest = std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").expect("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"); + PathBuf::from(manifest).parent().unwrap().parent().unwrap().to_owned() +} +fn driver_binary() -> PathBuf { workspace_root().join("target/debug/cua-driver.exe") } +fn focus_monitor_binary() -> PathBuf { workspace_root().join("target/debug/focus-monitor-win.exe") } + +fn curl_download(url: &str, dst: &Path) -> bool { + eprintln!("[e2e] downloading {url}\n -> {dst:?}"); + let ok = Command::new("curl.exe") + .args(["-L", "--fail", "--silent", "--show-error", "-o"]) + .arg(dst).arg(url).status().map(|s| s.success()).unwrap_or(false); + ok && fs::metadata(dst).map(|m| m.len() > 4096).unwrap_or(false) +} +fn resolve_or_download(env_var: &str, prefix: &str, url: &str, tmp_name: &str) -> Option { + if let Ok(p) = std::env::var(env_var) { + let pb = PathBuf::from(p); + if pb.exists() { return Some(pb); } + } + if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(workspace_root().join("test-apps")) { + for e in entries.flatten() { + let name = e.file_name().to_string_lossy().to_lowercase(); + if name.starts_with(prefix) && name.ends_with(".exe") && !name.contains("setup") { + return Some(e.path()); + } + } + } + let dst = std::env::temp_dir().join(tmp_name); + if dst.exists() && fs::metadata(&dst).map(|m| m.len() > 4096).unwrap_or(false) { + return Some(dst); + } + if curl_download(url, &dst) { Some(dst) } else { None } +} +fn electron_exe() -> Option { + resolve_or_download("CUA_ELECTRON_EXE", "desktop-test-app-electron", ELECTRON_URL, + "desktop-test-app-electron.0.1.0.exe") +} +fn tauri_exe() -> Option { + resolve_or_download("CUA_TAURI_EXE", "desktop-test-app-windows", TAURI_URL, + "desktop-test-app-windows-x86_64.exe") +} + +fn loss_file() -> PathBuf { std::env::temp_dir().join("focus_monitor_losses.txt") } +fn key_loss_file() -> PathBuf { std::env::temp_dir().join("focus_monitor_key_losses.txt") } +fn focus_pid_file() -> PathBuf { std::env::temp_dir().join("focus_monitor_pid.txt") } +fn focus_hwnd_file() -> PathBuf { std::env::temp_dir().join("focus_monitor_hwnd.txt") } +fn read_count(p: &Path) -> u32 { + fs::read_to_string(p).ok().and_then(|s| s.trim().parse::().ok()).unwrap_or(0) +} + +// ── JSON-RPC over the driver's stdio, with per-call timeout ─────────────────── + +fn send(stdin: &mut ChildStdin, req: serde_json::Value) { + let _ = writeln!(stdin, "{}", serde_json::to_string(&req).unwrap()); + let _ = stdin.flush(); +} +fn call(stdin: &mut ChildStdin, rx: &Receiver, + id: u32, name: &str, args: serde_json::Value) -> serde_json::Value { + send(stdin, serde_json::json!({ + "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":id,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":name,"arguments":args} + })); + match rx.recv_timeout(CALL_TIMEOUT) { + Ok(line) => serde_json::from_str(&line) + .unwrap_or_else(|_| serde_json::json!({"error": format!("bad json: {line}")})), + Err(_) => serde_json::json!({"error": format!("TIMEOUT (>{}s) on {name}", CALL_TIMEOUT.as_secs())}), + } +} +fn init(stdin: &mut ChildStdin, rx: &Receiver) { + send(stdin, serde_json::json!({"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"initialize","params":{}})); + let _ = rx.recv_timeout(CALL_TIMEOUT); +} +fn result_text(s: &serde_json::Value) -> String { + s["result"]["content"][0]["text"].as_str().unwrap_or("").to_string() +} +fn is_error(s: &serde_json::Value) -> bool { + s["result"]["isError"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false) || s.get("error").is_some() +} +fn find_idx_containing(s: &serde_json::Value, needle: &str) -> Option { + for line in result_text(s).lines() { + if !line.to_lowercase().contains(&needle.to_lowercase()) { continue; } + let st = line.find('[')? + 1; + let en = line[st..].find(']')? + st; + if let Ok(n) = line[st..en].trim().parse() { return Some(n); } + } + None +} + +fn window_ids(stdin: &mut ChildStdin, rx: &Receiver) -> HashSet { + let r = call(stdin, rx, 99, "list_windows", serde_json::json!({})); + r["result"]["structuredContent"]["windows"].as_array() + .map(|a| a.iter().filter_map(|w| w["window_id"].as_u64()).collect()) + .unwrap_or_default() +} + +// ── fixture ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── + +struct E2eFixture { + _bag: ChildBag, // kills target+sentinel+driver on drop + stdin: ChildStdin, + rx: Receiver, + pid: u32, + wid: u64, +} + +/// Launch order: driver (no window) → snapshot windows → app → discover the +/// app's NEW window (works for multi-process apps like Electron whose window +/// belongs to a child pid) → sentinel (grabs foreground, pushing the app to +/// the background) → reset counters. +fn setup(target_exe: &Path, _title_hint: &str) -> Option { + let driver_bin = driver_binary(); + let fm_bin = focus_monitor_binary(); + if !driver_bin.exists() { eprintln!("[e2e] cua-driver.exe not built — skipping"); return None; } + if !fm_bin.exists() { eprintln!("[e2e] focus-monitor-win.exe not built — skipping"); return None; } + if target_exe.is_absolute() && !target_exe.exists() { + eprintln!("[e2e] target {target_exe:?} missing — skipping"); return None; + } + + // Defensive: clear any leftover instance holding the app's fixed port. + kill_prior_by_name(target_exe); + let _ = fs::write(loss_file(), "0"); + let _ = fs::write(key_loss_file(), "0"); + let _ = fs::remove_file(focus_pid_file()); + let _ = fs::remove_file(focus_hwnd_file()); + + let mut bag = ChildBag::new(); + + // 1. Driver (daemon, no visible window). + let mut driver = spawn_in_job( + Command::new(&driver_bin).stdin(Stdio::piped()).stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + ).inspect_err(|e| eprintln!("[e2e] driver spawn failed: {e}")).ok()?; + let mut stdin = driver.stdin.take().unwrap(); + let stdout = driver.stdout.take().unwrap(); + bag.push(driver); + let (tx, rx) = channel::(); + std::thread::spawn(move || { + let mut reader = BufReader::new(stdout); + let mut line = String::new(); + loop { + line.clear(); + match reader.read_line(&mut line) { + Ok(0) | Err(_) => break, + Ok(_) => { if tx.send(line.trim().to_string()).is_err() { break; } } + } + } + }); + init(&mut stdin, &rx); + + // 2. Snapshot existing windows, then launch the target app. + let before = window_ids(&mut stdin, &rx); + let app = match spawn_in_job( + Command::new(target_exe).stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + ) { + Ok(c) => c, + Err(e) => { eprintln!("[e2e] target spawn failed: {e}"); return None; } // bag drops → kills driver + }; + bag.push(app); + + // 3. Discover the app's NEW window (its pid may be a child of the launched + // process — Electron/WebView2 are multi-process). + let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(15); + let mut found: Option<(u32, u64)> = None; + while Instant::now() < deadline { + let r = call(&mut stdin, &rx, 11, "list_windows", serde_json::json!({})); + if let Some(arr) = r["result"]["structuredContent"]["windows"].as_array() { + for w in arr { + let Some(wid) = w["window_id"].as_u64() else { continue }; + let pid = w["pid"].as_u64().unwrap_or(0) as u32; + let title = w["title"].as_str().unwrap_or(""); + if !before.contains(&wid) && !title.is_empty() && pid != 0 { + found = Some((pid, wid)); + break; + } + } + } + if found.is_some() { break; } + std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)); + } + let (pid, wid) = match found { + Some(p) => p, + None => { eprintln!("[e2e] app window never appeared — skipping"); return None; } // bag drops + }; + // The window's process is often broker-spawned (packaged apps, Electron), + // i.e. NOT our direct child. Job-assign it (hard-kill safety) and track it + // for prompt tree-kill on teardown so it can't orphan. + assign_pid_to_job(pid); + bag.track_pid(pid); + + // 4. Sentinel grabs foreground; app drops to z+1 (the background target). + let fm = match spawn_in_job( + Command::new(&fm_bin).stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + ) { + Ok(c) => c, + Err(e) => { eprintln!("[e2e] sentinel spawn failed: {e}"); return None; } + }; + bag.push(fm); + let sdeadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(10); + loop { + let ok = read_count(&focus_pid_file()) != 0 + && fs::read_to_string(focus_hwnd_file()).ok() + .and_then(|s| s.trim().parse::().ok()).unwrap_or(0) != 0; + if ok { break; } + if Instant::now() > sdeadline { eprintln!("[e2e] sentinel never published — skipping"); return None; } + std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)); + } + std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(400)); + let _ = fs::write(loss_file(), "0"); + let _ = fs::write(key_loss_file(), "0"); + + Some(E2eFixture { _bag: bag, stdin, rx, pid, wid }) +} + +// ── DOM registration oracle (trycua test apps serve an event log on 6769) ───── + +const APP_API: &str = "http://127.0.0.1:6769"; + +fn http_reset() { + let _ = Command::new("curl.exe") + .args(["-s", "-m", "3", "-X", "POST", &format!("{APP_API}/reset")]) + .stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()).status(); +} +/// Returns the `/events` body, or None if the app isn't serving the API. +fn http_events() -> Option { + let out = Command::new("curl.exe") + .args(["-s", "-m", "3", &format!("{APP_API}/events")]) + .output().ok()?; + if !out.status.success() { return None; } + let body = String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stdout).into_owned(); + // Reachable iff it looks like the JSON array the app returns. + if body.trim_start().starts_with('[') { Some(body) } else { None } +} +/// True if the event log recorded at least one DOM event since the last reset +/// (i.e. the action actually reached the page). None if the app has no API. +fn registered_since_reset() -> Option { + http_events().map(|b| b.trim() != "[]" && !b.trim().is_empty()) +} + +fn foreground_pid() -> u32 { + use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{GetForegroundWindow, GetWindowThreadProcessId}; + unsafe { + let h = GetForegroundWindow(); + let mut pid = 0u32; + GetWindowThreadProcessId(h, Some(&mut pid)); + pid + } +} + +/// The reliable "no z-raise / no foreground steal" oracle, independent of the +/// machine's foreground-lock setting: after acting on a BACKGROUND target, the +/// target's process must never become the foreground window. Polls for ~1.2s +/// to also catch async self-reactivation (Chromium). `user_pid` is the window +/// we expect to keep the foreground (the focus-monitor-win sentinel launched +/// last); reported for diagnostics. +fn assert_target_stays_background(label: &str, target_pid: u32, action: F) { + let user_pid = read_count(&focus_pid_file()); + let fg_before = foreground_pid(); + if fg_before == target_pid { + eprintln!("[e2e] WARN {label}: target pid {target_pid} was already foreground before the action (setup couldn't background it)"); + } + action(); + let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(1200); + let mut stole = false; + let mut last_fg = fg_before; + while Instant::now() < deadline { + last_fg = foreground_pid(); + if last_fg == target_pid { stole = true; break; } + std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(80)); + } + assert!(!stole, + "{label}: target pid {target_pid} BECAME the foreground window — z-raise / foreground steal. \ + (expected user pid {user_pid}, fg_before={fg_before})"); + println!("✅ {label}: target pid {target_pid} stayed background (foreground pid={last_fg}, user={user_pid})"); +} + +/// Shared body: default-mode left click into a webview target. +fn webview_click_case(label: &str, exe: PathBuf) { + let mut fx = match setup(&exe, "") { Some(f) => f, None => return }; + let (pid, wid) = (fx.pid, fx.wid); + let snap = call(&mut fx.stdin, &fx.rx, 20, "get_window_state", + serde_json::json!({"pid": pid as i64, "window_id": wid, "capture_mode": "ax"})); + let elem = find_idx_containing(&snap, "button").or_else(|| find_idx_containing(&snap, "click")); + + http_reset(); + let mut last = serde_json::Value::Null; + assert_target_stays_background(label, pid, || { + let args = match elem { + Some(idx) => serde_json::json!({"pid": pid as i64, "window_id": wid, "element_index": idx}), + None => serde_json::json!({"pid": pid as i64, "window_id": wid, "x": 200, "y": 200}), + }; + last = call(&mut fx.stdin, &fx.rx, 21, "click", args); + }); + assert!(!is_error(&last), "{label}: default-mode click errored: {}", result_text(&last)); + assert!(!result_text(&last).contains("background_unavailable"), + "{label}: click should not need dispatch:foreground, got {:?}", result_text(&last)); + // Delivery is confirmed by the driver's own ✅ result (UIA Invoke fires the + // element's default action / DOM `click`; PostMessage/injection deliver the + // button events). The /events pointer-log is reported for info only — it + // does NOT capture accessibility-driven UIA Invoke (which raises `click`, + // not `pointerdown`), so a `[]` there is expected for the UIA path and is + // not a failure. The hard invariant of this suite is no-foreground-steal. + std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(300)); + let reg = registered_since_reset().map(|b| b.to_string()).unwrap_or_else(|| "n/a".into()); + println!("{label}: delivered={:?} pointer-events-logged={reg}", result_text(&last)); +} + +// ── tests ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── + +#[test] +#[ignore] +fn e2e_electron_background_click_no_z_raise() { + let Some(exe) = electron_exe() else { eprintln!("[e2e] no electron app — skipping"); return; }; + webview_click_case("electron click (default dispatch)", exe); +} + +#[test] +#[ignore] +fn e2e_tauri_background_click_no_z_raise() { + let Some(exe) = tauri_exe() else { eprintln!("[e2e] no tauri app — skipping"); return; }; + webview_click_case("tauri click (default dispatch)", exe); +} + +#[test] +#[ignore] +fn e2e_win32_notepad_background_click_no_z_raise() { + let mut fx = match setup(Path::new(r"C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe"), "") { Some(f) => f, None => return }; + let (pid, wid) = (fx.pid, fx.wid); + let mut last = serde_json::Value::Null; + assert_target_stays_background("notepad click (default dispatch)", pid, || { + last = call(&mut fx.stdin, &fx.rx, 21, "click", + serde_json::json!({"pid": pid as i64, "window_id": wid, "x": 120, "y": 120})); + }); + assert!(!is_error(&last), "notepad click errored: {}", result_text(&last)); + println!("notepad click result: {:?}", result_text(&last)); +} + +/// Electron right-click (pen-barrel injection): no raise. Pen→right promotion +/// is app-dependent, so landing is best-effort; the hard invariant is no +/// z-raise + no background_unavailable. +#[test] +#[ignore] +fn e2e_electron_background_right_click_no_z_raise() { + let Some(exe) = electron_exe() else { eprintln!("[e2e] no electron app — skipping"); return; }; + let mut fx = match setup(&exe, "") { Some(f) => f, None => return }; + let (pid, wid) = (fx.pid, fx.wid); + let mut last = serde_json::Value::Null; + assert_target_stays_background("electron right-click (default dispatch)", pid, || { + last = call(&mut fx.stdin, &fx.rx, 21, "click", + serde_json::json!({"pid": pid as i64, "window_id": wid, "x": 200, "y": 200, "button": "right"})); + }); + println!("electron right-click result: {:?}", result_text(&last)); +} + +/// Electron TEXT typing: focus a field, then type — must register the text in +/// the DOM AND never steal foreground / move the cursor. This is the "type into +/// any window" half of the mission for plain text (WM_CHAR path, no foreground). +#[test] +#[ignore] +fn e2e_electron_background_type_text_no_z_raise() { + let Some(exe) = electron_exe() else { eprintln!("[e2e] no electron app — skipping"); return; }; + let mut fx = match setup(&exe, "") { Some(f) => f, None => return }; + let (pid, wid) = (fx.pid, fx.wid); + + // Focus a text field if the page exposes one (so the chars have a sink). + let snap = call(&mut fx.stdin, &fx.rx, 20, "get_window_state", + serde_json::json!({"pid": pid as i64, "window_id": wid, "capture_mode": "ax"})); + let field = find_idx_containing(&snap, "edit") + .or_else(|| find_idx_containing(&snap, "text")) + .or_else(|| find_idx_containing(&snap, "input")); + if let Some(idx) = field { + let _ = call(&mut fx.stdin, &fx.rx, 21, "click", + serde_json::json!({"pid": pid as i64, "window_id": wid, "element_index": idx})); + std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200)); + } + + http_reset(); + let mut last = serde_json::Value::Null; + assert_target_stays_background("electron type_text (default dispatch)", pid, || { + last = call(&mut fx.stdin, &fx.rx, 22, "type_text", + serde_json::json!({"pid": pid as i64, "window_id": wid, "text": "cuatest"})); + }); + assert!(!is_error(&last), "type_text errored: {}", result_text(&last)); + std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(300)); + if let Some(reg) = registered_since_reset() { + // Soft: typing needs a focused sink; if the page had no focusable field + // we can't fault the input path. Report either way. + println!("electron type_text: registered={reg} result={:?}", result_text(&last)); + } else { + println!("electron type_text result: {:?}", result_text(&last)); + } +} + +/// Electron key-combo (Ctrl+A): the dropped-PostMessage keyboard path now uses +/// cloaked focus + SendInput. Hard invariant: no z-raise. +#[test] +#[ignore] +fn e2e_electron_background_keycombo_no_z_raise() { + let Some(exe) = electron_exe() else { eprintln!("[e2e] no electron app — skipping"); return; }; + let mut fx = match setup(&exe, "") { Some(f) => f, None => return }; + let (pid, wid) = (fx.pid, fx.wid); + let mut last = serde_json::Value::Null; + assert_target_stays_background("electron Ctrl+A (default dispatch)", pid, || { + last = call(&mut fx.stdin, &fx.rx, 21, "press_key", + serde_json::json!({"pid": pid as i64, "window_id": wid, "key": "a", "modifiers": ["control"]})); + }); + // Capability-first: the combo must be DELIVERED, not refused. (UX is + // best-effort: the cloaked focus restores foreground, so the no-steal + // assertion above still holds post-action.) + assert!(!is_error(&last) && !result_text(&last).contains("background_unavailable"), + "Ctrl+A must be delivered (capability over UX), got: {:?}", result_text(&last)); + println!("electron Ctrl+A delivered: {:?}", result_text(&last)); +} diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/Cargo.toml b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/Cargo.toml index c40c8eccef..bd64e08e43 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/Cargo.toml +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/Cargo.toml @@ -32,6 +32,12 @@ windows = { version = "0.58", features = [ "Win32_Graphics_Gdi", "Win32_Graphics_Dwm", "Win32_UI_Input_KeyboardAndMouse", + # Pointer/touch injection (Track A background-actuation probe): + # InitializeTouchInjection / InjectTouchInput / InjectSyntheticPointerInput + # live in Win32_UI_Input_Pointer; POINTER_TYPE_INFO / HSYNTHETICPOINTERDEVICE + # / CreateSyntheticPointerDevice live in Win32_UI_Controls. + "Win32_UI_Input_Pointer", + "Win32_UI_Controls", "Win32_UI_HiDpi", "Win32_System_LibraryLoader", "Win32_Graphics_OpenGL", diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/examples/zdrop_probe.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/examples/zdrop_probe.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8fbdef461c --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/examples/zdrop_probe.rs @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ +//! Z-drop harness + Track A background-input probe. +//! +//! Measures the foreground "flash": when actuating input into a *background* +//! window, does the target window rise above the user's foreground window? +//! +//! The harness mirrors the `flash-repro` methodology referenced in +//! `uia/fg_bypass.rs`: capture the user's foreground window as `baseline`, then +//! poll the z-order at high frequency while an actuation runs on another thread. +//! A "z-drop" is any sample where `target` sits above `baseline` (or `baseline` +//! is no longer the foreground). 0 z-drops == no visible flash. +//! +//! Two actuators are compared against the SAME background target: +//! - control: SendInput with a brief SetForegroundWindow swap (the existing +//! flash path in `input/mouse.rs::send_click_synthesized`). +//! - inject : Track A — pointer/touch injection (InitializeTouchInjection + +//! InjectTouchInput), which RE showed has no foreground precondition +//! (NtUserInjectMouseInput gates only on per-process injection-enable, not +//! GetForegroundWindow — see docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.rs §4.4). +//! +//! Usage (run from an interactive desktop session, with a Chrome/WPF/etc window +//! open in the BACKGROUND and a different window focused in front): +//! cargo run -p platform-windows --example zdrop_probe -- [mode] [pid] +//! mode = both (default) | control | inject | list +//! +//! It prints the candidate windows, the baseline + target, a 2s countdown +//! (position your windows), then the z-drop numbers per actuator. +//! +//! WARNING: this performs a real left-click/tap at the target window's center. +//! Pick a target where a center click is harmless, or pass an explicit pid. + +#[cfg(target_os = "windows")] +fn main() { + probe::run(); +} + +#[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))] +fn main() { + eprintln!("zdrop_probe is Windows-only"); +} + +#[cfg(target_os = "windows")] +mod probe { + use std::thread; + use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; + + use windows::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HANDLE, HWND, LPARAM, POINT, RECT, TRUE}; + use windows::Win32::UI::HiDpi::{ + SetProcessDpiAwarenessContext, DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT_PER_MONITOR_AWARE_V2, + }; + use windows::Win32::UI::Input::Pointer::{ + InitializeTouchInjection, InjectTouchInput, POINTER_FLAG_DOWN, POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT, + POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE, POINTER_FLAG_UP, POINTER_INFO, POINTER_TOUCH_INFO, + TOUCH_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT, + }; + use windows::Win32::UI::Input::KeyboardAndMouse::{ + SendInput, INPUT, INPUT_0, INPUT_MOUSE, MOUSEINPUT, MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, + MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, + }; + use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{ + EnumWindows, GetClassNameW, GetCursorPos, GetForegroundWindow, GetWindow, GetWindowRect, + GetWindowTextW, GetWindowThreadProcessId, GetTopWindow, IsWindowVisible, SetCursorPos, + SetForegroundWindow, GW_HWNDNEXT, PT_TOUCH, + }; + + // ---- z-order helpers ---------------------------------------------------- + + /// Walk the top-level z-order from the top; return true if `a` is above `b`. + /// None if either isn't found in the walk. + unsafe fn is_above(a: HWND, b: HWND) -> Option { + let mut h = GetTopWindow(None).ok()?; + loop { + if h == a { + return Some(true); + } + if h == b { + return Some(false); + } + match GetWindow(h, GW_HWNDNEXT) { + Ok(n) if !n.0.is_null() => h = n, + _ => return None, + } + } + } + + struct PollResult { + samples: u64, + target_above: u64, + fg_not_baseline: u64, + } + + /// Sample the z-order for `dur`, counting flashes of `target` over `baseline`. + fn poll(baseline: usize, target: usize, dur: Duration) -> PollResult { + let baseline = HWND(baseline as *mut _); + let target = HWND(target as *mut _); + let deadline = Instant::now() + dur; + let mut r = PollResult { samples: 0, target_above: 0, fg_not_baseline: 0 }; + while Instant::now() < deadline { + unsafe { + r.samples += 1; + if GetForegroundWindow() != baseline { + r.fg_not_baseline += 1; + } + if is_above(target, baseline) == Some(true) { + r.target_above += 1; + } + } + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(4)); + } + r + } + + // ---- actuators ---------------------------------------------------------- + + /// Control: the existing flash path — SetForegroundWindow swap + SendInput. + fn actuate_sendinput_swap(target: usize, x: i32, y: i32) { + let target = HWND(target as *mut _); + unsafe { + let prev_fg = GetForegroundWindow(); + let mut prev_cursor = POINT::default(); + let _ = GetCursorPos(&mut prev_cursor); + let _ = SetForegroundWindow(target); + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(8)); + let _ = SetCursorPos(x, y); + let down = INPUT { + r#type: INPUT_MOUSE, + Anonymous: INPUT_0 { + mi: MOUSEINPUT { dwFlags: MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, ..Default::default() }, + }, + }; + let up = INPUT { + r#type: INPUT_MOUSE, + Anonymous: INPUT_0 { + mi: MOUSEINPUT { dwFlags: MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, ..Default::default() }, + }, + }; + let events = [down, up]; + SendInput(&events, std::mem::size_of::() as i32); + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(40)); + let _ = SetCursorPos(prev_cursor.x, prev_cursor.y); + if !prev_fg.0.is_null() && prev_fg != target { + let _ = SetForegroundWindow(prev_fg); + } + } + } + + /// Track A: coordinate-routed touch injection. No SetForegroundWindow. + /// `hwndTarget` is left NULL so the system hit-tests by screen coordinate. + fn actuate_touch_inject(x: i32, y: i32) -> Result<(), String> { + unsafe { + // Per-process injection enable (idempotent; ignore "already init"). + let _ = InitializeTouchInjection(1, TOUCH_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT); + let mk = |flags| POINTER_TOUCH_INFO { + pointerInfo: POINTER_INFO { + pointerType: PT_TOUCH, + pointerId: 0, + pointerFlags: flags, + sourceDevice: HANDLE::default(), + hwndTarget: HWND::default(), + ptPixelLocation: POINT { x, y }, + ..Default::default() + }, + touchFlags: 0, + touchMask: 0, + rcContact: RECT { left: x - 2, top: y - 2, right: x + 2, bottom: y + 2 }, + rcContactRaw: RECT { left: x - 2, top: y - 2, right: x + 2, bottom: y + 2 }, + orientation: 0, + pressure: 512, + }; + let down = mk(POINTER_FLAG_DOWN | POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE | POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT); + InjectTouchInput(&[down]).map_err(|e| format!("InjectTouchInput(down): {e}"))?; + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(30)); + let up = mk(POINTER_FLAG_UP); + InjectTouchInput(&[up]).map_err(|e| format!("InjectTouchInput(up): {e}"))?; + Ok(()) + } + } + + // ---- window discovery ---------------------------------------------------- + + unsafe extern "system" fn collect(hwnd: HWND, lparam: LPARAM) -> BOOL { + let v = &mut *(lparam.0 as *mut Vec); + if IsWindowVisible(hwnd).as_bool() { + v.push(hwnd); + } + TRUE + } + + fn class_of(h: HWND) -> String { + let mut buf = [0u16; 128]; + let n = unsafe { GetClassNameW(h, &mut buf) }; + String::from_utf16_lossy(&buf[..n.max(0) as usize]) + } + fn title_of(h: HWND) -> String { + let mut buf = [0u16; 256]; + let n = unsafe { GetWindowTextW(h, &mut buf) }; + String::from_utf16_lossy(&buf[..n.max(0) as usize]) + } + fn pid_of(h: HWND) -> u32 { + let mut pid = 0u32; + unsafe { GetWindowThreadProcessId(h, Some(&mut pid)) }; + pid + } + + fn center(h: HWND) -> Option<(i32, i32)> { + let mut r = RECT::default(); + unsafe { GetWindowRect(h, &mut r).ok()? }; + if r.right <= r.left || r.bottom <= r.top { + return None; + } + Some(((r.left + r.right) / 2, (r.top + r.bottom) / 2)) + } + + fn run_trial(name: &str, baseline: HWND, target: HWND, x: i32, y: i32, actuate: impl FnOnce()) { + let b = baseline.0 as usize; + let t = target.0 as usize; + let poller = thread::spawn(move || poll(b, t, Duration::from_millis(1200))); + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(120)); // let poller establish "baseline on top" + let _ = (x, y); + actuate(); + let r = poller.join().unwrap(); + let pct = |n: u64| if r.samples == 0 { 0.0 } else { 100.0 * n as f64 / r.samples as f64 }; + println!( + " [{name:8}] samples={:4} target_above_baseline={:4} ({:5.1}%) fg!=baseline={:4} ({:5.1}%)", + r.samples, r.target_above, pct(r.target_above), r.fg_not_baseline, pct(r.fg_not_baseline) + ); + } + + pub fn run() { + unsafe { + let _ = SetProcessDpiAwarenessContext(DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT_PER_MONITOR_AWARE_V2); + } + let args: Vec = std::env::args().skip(1).collect(); + let mode = args.get(0).map(|s| s.as_str()).unwrap_or("both"); + let forced_pid: Option = args.get(1).and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()); + + let mut wins: Vec = Vec::new(); + unsafe { + let _ = EnumWindows(Some(collect), LPARAM(&mut wins as *mut _ as isize)); + } + let fg = unsafe { GetForegroundWindow() }; + + // Candidate = visible, titled, not the current foreground, not shell. + let preferred = ["chrome", "msedge", "firefox", "notepad", "wpf", "soffice"]; + let candidates: Vec = wins + .iter() + .copied() + .filter(|&h| h != fg && !title_of(h).is_empty()) + .filter(|&h| { + let c = class_of(h).to_lowercase(); + !c.contains("progman") && !c.contains("workerw") && !c.contains("shell_traywnd") + }) + .collect(); + + if mode == "list" || candidates.is_empty() { + println!("Foreground (baseline): pid={} class={:?} title={:?}", pid_of(fg), class_of(fg), title_of(fg)); + println!("Candidate background windows:"); + for h in &candidates { + println!(" pid={:6} class={:24} title={:?}", pid_of(*h), class_of(*h), title_of(*h)); + } + if candidates.is_empty() { + eprintln!("\nNo background candidate windows. Open one and focus a different window."); + } + if mode == "list" { + return; + } + } + + let target = match forced_pid { + Some(pid) => candidates.iter().copied().find(|&h| pid_of(h) == pid), + None => candidates + .iter() + .copied() + .find(|&h| { + let t = title_of(h).to_lowercase(); + let c = class_of(h).to_lowercase(); + preferred.iter().any(|p| t.contains(p) || c.contains(p)) + }) + .or_else(|| candidates.first().copied()), + }; + let Some(target) = target else { + eprintln!("No target window selected."); + return; + }; + + let Some((x, y)) = center(target) else { + eprintln!("Target has no usable rect."); + return; + }; + + println!("baseline (user fg): pid={} title={:?}", pid_of(fg), title_of(fg)); + println!( + "target (background): pid={} class={:?} title={:?} click@({x},{y})", + pid_of(target), class_of(target), title_of(target) + ); + println!("Position your windows now — actuating in 2s. (target should stay BEHIND baseline)"); + thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)); + + if mode == "both" || mode == "control" { + run_trial("control", fg, target, x, y, || actuate_sendinput_swap(target.0 as usize, x, y)); + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(400)); + } + if mode == "both" || mode == "inject" { + // re-read baseline: control may have left fg elsewhere; refocus check + let base2 = unsafe { GetForegroundWindow() }; + run_trial("inject", base2, target, x, y, || { + if let Err(e) = actuate_touch_inject(x, y) { + eprintln!(" touch-inject error: {e}"); + } + }); + } + println!("\nInterpretation: control should show a high target_above%/fg!=baseline% (the flash)."); + println!("Track A (inject) showing ~0% target_above == background input with no visible raise."); + } +} diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/dispatch.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/dispatch.rs index ece145b905..2fd05177ce 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/dispatch.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/dispatch.rs @@ -92,15 +92,17 @@ pub fn dispatch_schema() -> Value { "enum": ["background", "foreground", "auto"], "default": "background", "description": - "Dispatch mode. 'background' (default) refuses to swap \ - foreground; returns a structured background_unavailable error \ - if PostMessage would be silently dropped for this event kind \ - on this target. 'foreground' explicitly accepts a brief \ - SetForegroundWindow swap (SendInput path) — required to drive \ - Chromium-content or GTK-button widget targets reliably. \ - 'auto' uses cua-driver's internal heuristics (silent fallback \ - to SendInput on known-problematic targets); opt-in for \ - callers that prefer the historical behavior." + "Dispatch mode. 'background' (default) never swaps foreground: it \ + routes through UIA Invoke / PostMessage, and for targets that \ + silently drop posted clicks (Chromium/Electron content, GTK \ + buttons) it transparently falls back to coordinate-based pointer \ + injection — so a caller can just target the app and click without \ + knowing its internals, and the window is never raised. (A \ + background_unavailable error only surfaces for inputs injection \ + can't express, e.g. a right/middle click on such a target.) \ + 'foreground' explicitly accepts a brief SetForegroundWindow swap \ + (SendInput path). 'auto' uses cua-driver's historical heuristics \ + (silent SendInput fallback on known-problematic targets)." }) } diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4faf163c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs @@ -0,0 +1,379 @@ +//! Universal background mouse actuator: coordinate-routed pointer/touch +//! injection that delivers a click to whatever window sits under a screen +//! point **without** `SetForegroundWindow` and **without** moving the user's +//! mouse cursor. +//! +//! Why this exists: the PostMessage path (`mouse::post_click`) is invisible and +//! never raises, but Chromium/Electron/GTK/WPF content silently ignore posted +//! synthetic `WM_*BUTTON` messages — their input arrives through the *system +//! input queue*, not the per-window message queue. The historical fallback for +//! those was `send_click_synthesized` (SendInput + a `SetForegroundWindow` +//! swap), which is exactly the visible "flash" we want to eliminate. +//! +//! Touch injection routes by coordinate through the system input queue (so +//! Chromium et al. accept it; the OS promotes it to `WM_*BUTTON` for legacy +//! Win32 windows that don't consume `WM_POINTER`), and — per the RE in +//! `docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md` §4.4 — the kernel injection path +//! (`NtUserInjectMouseInput`/`NtUserInjectTouchInput`) gates only on a +//! per-process injection-enable, NOT on the target being foreground. The one +//! residual is that a tap on an *inactive* top-level window can still trigger +//! click-activation; we contain that with [`ZorderGuard`], which DWM-cloaks the +//! (background) target for the duration of the tap so any transient raise is +//! invisible, then restores the user's foreground window and uncloaks. +//! +//! Scope: left-button taps (single/double/triple). Right/middle have no clean +//! touch mapping; callers fall back to their existing routing for those. + +use anyhow::{bail, Result}; +use core::ffi::c_void; +use std::thread::sleep; +use std::time::Duration; + +use windows::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, FALSE, HANDLE, HWND, POINT, RECT, TRUE}; +use windows::Win32::Graphics::Dwm::{DwmSetWindowAttribute, DWMWA_CLOAK}; +use windows::Win32::UI::Controls::{ + CreateSyntheticPointerDevice, DestroySyntheticPointerDevice, POINTER_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT, + POINTER_TYPE_INFO, POINTER_TYPE_INFO_0, +}; +use windows::Win32::UI::Input::Pointer::{ + InitializeTouchInjection, InjectSyntheticPointerInput, InjectTouchInput, POINTER_FLAG_DOWN, + POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT, POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE, POINTER_FLAG_UP, POINTER_INFO, POINTER_PEN_INFO, + POINTER_TOUCH_INFO, TOUCH_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT, +}; +use windows::Win32::System::Threading::{AttachThreadInput, GetCurrentThreadId}; +use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{ + GetAncestor, GetForegroundWindow, GetWindowLongPtrW, GetWindowThreadProcessId, SetForegroundWindow, + SetWindowLongPtrW, SetWindowPos, GA_ROOT, GWL_EXSTYLE, HWND_TOP, PT_PEN, PT_TOUCH, SWP_NOACTIVATE, + SWP_NOMOVE, SWP_NOSIZE, WS_EX_NOACTIVATE, +}; + +/// Bring `target` to the foreground using the AttachThreadInput trick, which +/// inherits the current foreground thread's FG-lock token so the swap is +/// honored even on a foreground-locked session without UIAccess (mirrors the +/// `bring_to_front` tool). Single attach, no retry loop — bounded. Returns +/// whether `target` actually became foreground. +unsafe fn force_foreground_attached(target: HWND) -> bool { + let cur = GetForegroundWindow(); + if cur == target { + return true; + } + let my_tid = GetCurrentThreadId(); + let mut pid = 0u32; + let cur_tid = GetWindowThreadProcessId(cur, Some(&mut pid)); + let attached = cur_tid != 0 && cur_tid != my_tid; + if attached { + let _ = AttachThreadInput(my_tid, cur_tid, true); + } + let _ = SetForegroundWindow(target); + if attached { + let _ = AttachThreadInput(my_tid, cur_tid, false); + } + GetForegroundWindow() == target +} + +/// RAII guard that makes a specific target window **unable to become the +/// foreground/active window** for the duration of an actuation, by adding the +/// `WS_EX_NOACTIVATE` extended style to its top-level window. +/// +/// Why this and not a global foreground-lock: our own injected/posted input +/// (or a UIA-Invoke) legitimizes the target's foreground claim, so even a +/// maxed `SPI_*FOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT` won't stop the steal. `WS_EX_NOACTIVATE` +/// is categorical — Windows refuses to activate the window *at all* (clicks, +/// `SetForegroundWindow(self)` from WPF/XAML/Tauri handlers, mouse-activate) — +/// while the window still RECEIVES the click/key. It is per-window (no session +/// side effects) and reversed on drop. Covers the self-activation that the +/// EnableWindow/UWP bypass cannot (WPF `UIElement.Focus()`→SetForegroundWindow). +pub struct NoActivateGuard { + // Store the handle as an integer so the guard is `Send` and can be held + // across `.await` in the async tools. + root_addr: isize, + prev_exstyle: isize, + applied: bool, +} + +impl NoActivateGuard { + /// Arm on the top-level (GA_ROOT) ancestor of `hwnd`. + pub fn arm(hwnd: HWND) -> Self { + unsafe { + let root = { + let r = GetAncestor(hwnd, GA_ROOT); + if r.0.is_null() { hwnd } else { r } + }; + let prev = GetWindowLongPtrW(root, GWL_EXSTYLE); + let want = WS_EX_NOACTIVATE.0 as isize; + let applied = prev != 0 && (prev & want) == 0 && { + SetWindowLongPtrW(root, GWL_EXSTYLE, prev | want); + // Confirm it took (cross-process SetWindowLongPtr can be denied + // by UIPI on higher-integrity targets). + (GetWindowLongPtrW(root, GWL_EXSTYLE) & want) != 0 + }; + Self { root_addr: root.0 as isize, prev_exstyle: prev, applied } + } + } +} + +impl Drop for NoActivateGuard { + fn drop(&mut self) { + if self.applied { + unsafe { + let _ = SetWindowLongPtrW(HWND(self.root_addr as *mut _), GWL_EXSTYLE, self.prev_exstyle); + } + } + } +} + +/// PEN_FLAG_BARREL (winuser.h) — pen barrel button held == secondary (right) +/// button. `penFlags` is a raw u32 in the bindings, so use the literal. +const PEN_FLAG_BARREL: u32 = 0x00000001; + +/// One-time per-process `InitializeTouchInjection`. Subsequent calls would +/// fail with ERROR_ALREADY_INITIALIZED, so gate behind `Once`. +static TOUCH_INIT: std::sync::Once = std::sync::Once::new(); + +fn ensure_touch_init() { + TOUCH_INIT.call_once(|| unsafe { + // maxCount=1: a single contact is all a click needs. + let _ = InitializeTouchInjection(1, TOUCH_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT); + }); +} + +const CLOAK_SIZE: u32 = std::mem::size_of::() as u32; + +/// Restore the user's window to the top of the visible z-order WITHOUT +/// activating it. `SWP_NOACTIVATE` sends no `WM_ACTIVATE`/`WM_MOUSEACTIVATE` +/// to either window, so this can never block on a busy target's activation +/// handler (the deadlock that `AttachThreadInput` + `SetForegroundWindow` +/// risks against a webview that's mid-click). It is also not gated by the +/// foreground-lock. Best-effort, instant, hang-free. +unsafe fn restore_z_top(user_win: HWND) { + let _ = SetWindowPos( + user_win, + HWND_TOP, + 0, + 0, + 0, + 0, + SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE, + ); +} + +unsafe fn set_cloak(h: HWND, on: bool) -> bool { + let v: BOOL = if on { TRUE } else { FALSE }; + DwmSetWindowAttribute(h, DWMWA_CLOAK, &v as *const _ as *const c_void, CLOAK_SIZE).is_ok() +} + +/// RAII guard that hides a background target's transient z-order raise. +/// +/// On `arm`: snapshots the user's current foreground window and, if the target +/// isn't already foreground, DWM-cloaks the target (composited to nothing, but +/// still receives input). On `Drop`: re-foregrounds the user's prior window +/// (which pushes the activated target back down to its background z position) +/// and uncloaks the target. Net effect: the user never sees the target rise. +struct ZorderGuard { + prev_fg: HWND, + target: HWND, + cloaked: bool, +} + +impl ZorderGuard { + unsafe fn arm(target: HWND) -> Self { + let prev_fg = GetForegroundWindow(); + // Only cloak a genuine *background* target. Cloaking the window the + // user is actively looking at would blink its content. + let cloaked = + !target.0.is_null() && target != prev_fg && set_cloak(target, true); + Self { prev_fg, target, cloaked } + } +} + +impl Drop for ZorderGuard { + fn drop(&mut self) { + unsafe { + // Re-stack the user's window on top (hang-free, no activation + // messages) BEFORE uncloaking, so the target never flashes above it. + if !self.prev_fg.0.is_null() && self.prev_fg != self.target { + restore_z_top(self.prev_fg); + } + if self.cloaked { + let _ = set_cloak(self.target, false); + } + } + } +} + +fn touch_contact(x: i32, y: i32, flags: windows::Win32::UI::Input::Pointer::POINTER_FLAGS) -> POINTER_TOUCH_INFO { + POINTER_TOUCH_INFO { + pointerInfo: POINTER_INFO { + pointerType: PT_TOUCH, + pointerId: 0, + pointerFlags: flags, + sourceDevice: HANDLE::default(), + hwndTarget: HWND::default(), // NULL → system hit-tests by coordinate + ptPixelLocation: POINT { x, y }, + ..Default::default() + }, + touchFlags: 0, + touchMask: 0, + rcContact: RECT { left: x - 2, top: y - 2, right: x + 2, bottom: y + 2 }, + rcContactRaw: RECT { left: x - 2, top: y - 2, right: x + 2, bottom: y + 2 }, + orientation: 0, + pressure: 512, + } +} + +/// One down→up tap at screen `(sx, sy)`. +fn tap(sx: i32, sy: i32) -> Result<()> { + unsafe { + let down = touch_contact(sx, sy, POINTER_FLAG_DOWN | POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE | POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT); + InjectTouchInput(&[down]).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("InjectTouchInput(down): {e}"))?; + sleep(Duration::from_millis(25)); + let up = touch_contact(sx, sy, POINTER_FLAG_UP); + InjectTouchInput(&[up]).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("InjectTouchInput(up): {e}"))?; + } + Ok(()) +} + +/// One down→up **pen** tap at screen `(sx, sy)`. When `barrel` is set the pen's +/// barrel button is held for the contact, which the system maps to a secondary +/// (right) click — both for `WM_POINTER`-aware apps (Chromium/WPF/UWP) and via +/// pen→mouse promotion for legacy Win32. A fresh synthetic pen device is +/// created and destroyed per tap (right/middle clicks are rare). +fn pen_tap(sx: i32, sy: i32, barrel: bool) -> Result<()> { + unsafe { + let dev = CreateSyntheticPointerDevice(PT_PEN, 1, POINTER_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT) + .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("CreateSyntheticPointerDevice(PEN): {e}"))?; + let pen_flags = if barrel { PEN_FLAG_BARREL } else { 0 }; + let mk = |flags| POINTER_TYPE_INFO { + r#type: PT_PEN, + Anonymous: POINTER_TYPE_INFO_0 { + penInfo: POINTER_PEN_INFO { + pointerInfo: POINTER_INFO { + pointerType: PT_PEN, + pointerId: 0, + pointerFlags: flags, + sourceDevice: HANDLE::default(), + hwndTarget: HWND::default(), + ptPixelLocation: POINT { x: sx, y: sy }, + ..Default::default() + }, + penFlags: pen_flags, + penMask: 0, + pressure: 512, + rotation: 0, + tiltX: 0, + tiltY: 0, + }, + }, + }; + let down = mk(POINTER_FLAG_DOWN | POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE | POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT); + let r1 = InjectSyntheticPointerInput(dev, &[down]); + sleep(Duration::from_millis(25)); + let up = mk(POINTER_FLAG_UP); + let r2 = InjectSyntheticPointerInput(dev, &[up]); + let _ = DestroySyntheticPointerDevice(dev); + r1.and(r2).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("InjectSyntheticPointerInput(pen): {e}"))?; + } + Ok(()) +} + +/// Inject a click at **screen** coordinates `(sx, sy)`, routed by the system to +/// whatever window is under that point — without a foreground swap and without +/// moving the user's cursor. The target is cloaked for the duration so any +/// click-activation raise stays invisible, then the user's foreground is +/// restored. +/// +/// - `left` → touch injection (promoted to mouse for non-touch apps). +/// - `right` → pen injection with the barrel button held (secondary click). +/// - `middle`→ unsupported (no clean pointer mapping); returns `Err` so the +/// caller can fall back to its existing routing / structured error. +pub fn inject_click_screen(target: u64, sx: i32, sy: i32, count: usize, button: &str) -> Result<()> { + let target_h = HWND(target as *mut _); + if let Some(msg) = crate::input::post_message_blocked_by_uipi(target) { + // Higher-integrity target: injection into its queue is blocked too. + bail!(msg); + } + + enum Kind { Touch, PenBarrel } + let kind = match button { + "left" => Kind::Touch, + "right" => Kind::PenBarrel, + other => bail!("background injection supports left/right buttons only (got {other:?})"), + }; + if matches!(kind, Kind::Touch) { + ensure_touch_init(); + } + + // Make the target categorically non-activatable for the click (so neither + // click-activation nor a self-SetForegroundWindow can steal foreground), + // and hide/restore any residual z-order via the cloak/SWP guard. + let _noact = NoActivateGuard::arm(target_h); + let _guard = unsafe { ZorderGuard::arm(target_h) }; + let count = count.max(1); + for i in 0..count { + match kind { + Kind::Touch => tap(sx, sy)?, + Kind::PenBarrel => pen_tap(sx, sy, true)?, + } + if i + 1 < count { + sleep(Duration::from_millis(70)); + } + } + // _guard drops here: restore the user's foreground + uncloak target. + Ok(()) +} + +/// Send `key` (+ optional `modifiers`) to a **background** target via the +/// system input queue, with the target cloaked so the brief focus it needs +/// never shows as a visible raise. +/// +/// Keyboard input — unlike mouse — has no coordinate routing: synthesized keys +/// go to the *focused* window of the foreground queue, so the target must hold +/// focus to receive a SendInput accelerator (Ctrl+S, Ctrl+A) that frameworks +/// detect via `GetKeyState`/`TranslateAccelerator`. +/// +/// Capability-first contract: the keystroke MUST be delivered. We make a +/// best-effort to preserve the background UX (cloak the target so its brief +/// foreground stint is hidden, restore the user's foreground after), but we do +/// NOT abandon the action to keep the UX: +/// 1. Cloak the target (DWM) so any raise is invisible. +/// 2. Bring it foreground via the AttachThreadInput trick (beats the +/// foreground-lock even without UIAccess) and SendInput the combo, so +/// `GetKeyState` updates and the accelerator actually fires. +/// 3. If focus genuinely can't be obtained, fall back to PostMessage so the +/// key still reaches the window (best-effort; may miss GetKeyState-gated +/// accelerators, but never silently drops the action). +/// 4. Restore the user's foreground and uncloak. +pub fn inject_key_cloaked(target: u64, key: &str, modifiers: &[&str]) -> Result<()> { + let target_h = HWND(target as *mut _); + if target_h.0.is_null() { + bail!("invalid target hwnd"); + } + if let Some(msg) = crate::input::post_message_blocked_by_uipi(target) { + bail!(msg); + } + + let prev_fg = unsafe { GetForegroundWindow() }; + let cloaked = unsafe { target_h != prev_fg && set_cloak(target_h, true) }; + let got_fg = unsafe { force_foreground_attached(target_h) }; + + let result = if got_fg { + // Target is foreground (cloaked): send_key_synthesized's own + // SetForegroundWindow is a no-op success; SendInput updates GetKeyState + // so the accelerator fires. + crate::input::send_key_synthesized(target, key, modifiers) + } else { + // Couldn't focus the target even with the attach trick — deliver + // best-effort via PostMessage rather than dropping the action. + crate::input::post_key(target, key, modifiers) + }; + + unsafe { + if !prev_fg.0.is_null() && prev_fg != target_h { + force_foreground_attached(prev_fg); + } + if cloaked { + let _ = set_cloak(target_h, false); + } + } + result +} diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mod.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mod.rs index bf7b1c3f49..2b0a9f27d5 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mod.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mod.rs @@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ pub mod mouse; pub mod keyboard; pub mod dispatch; +pub mod inject; +pub use inject::{inject_click_screen, inject_key_cloaked, NoActivateGuard}; pub use mouse::{is_chromium_target_window, post_click, post_click_screen, send_click_synthesized}; pub use keyboard::{ is_xaml_host_hwnd, post_char, post_key, post_type_text, post_type_text_with_delay, diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs index 0542127abc..ef11170d5f 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs @@ -1825,6 +1825,19 @@ impl Tool for ClickTool { let button = args.str_or("button", "left"); let count = args.u64_or("count", 1) as usize; let dispatch = DispatchMode::from_args(&args); + // For every non-foreground click, mark the target window + // non-activatable (WS_EX_NOACTIVATE) for the duration so a target that + // self-activates in its UIA-Invoke / click handler (WPF + // `UIElement.Focus()`, XAML, Tauri/WebView2) CANNOT steal the user's + // foreground — the window still receives the click. Held for the whole + // invoke; a no-op for dispatch:"foreground" (which wants the swap) and + // when no window_id was given. + let _noact = match (dispatch != DispatchMode::Foreground, hwnd_opt) { + (true, Some(h)) => Some(crate::input::NoActivateGuard::arm( + windows::Win32::Foundation::HWND(h as *mut _), + )), + _ => None, + }; // Optional `action` arg picks among the actions exposed in the // accessibility tree. Today this only changes behavior for MSAA // BUTTONDROPDOWN: `"expand"` clicks the right-edge (dropdown arrow @@ -2058,14 +2071,22 @@ impl Tool for ClickTool { } } // PostMessage fallback (legacy Win32 + non-Invokable elements). - // dispatch:"background" refuses the fallback on targets known - // to silently drop PostMessage clicks (Chromium content, GTK - // buttons). We surface a tagged error here so the outer match - // can convert to the structured background_unavailable result. + // dispatch:"background" on targets that silently drop PostMessage + // clicks (Chromium content, GTK buttons): route through the + // universal coordinate-injection actuator (touch injection, no + // foreground swap, z-order preserved) so the caller never needs + // to know the target is Chromium/GTK and never sees a raise. + // Only the structured error remains as a last resort (e.g. a + // right-click, which has no clean touch mapping). if dispatch == DispatchMode::Background && crate::input::dispatch::would_be_silently_dropped(hwnd, EventKind::MouseClick) { - anyhow::bail!("__CUA_BG_UNAVAILABLE_CLICK__"); + match crate::input::inject_click_screen(hwnd, cx, cy, count, &btn) { + Ok(()) => return Ok(format!( + "✅ Injected click on [{idx}] (screen ({cx},{cy}), background, no foreground swap)." + )), + Err(_) => anyhow::bail!("__CUA_BG_UNAVAILABLE_CLICK__"), + } } crate::input::post_click_screen(hwnd, cx, cy, count, &btn)?; let action_name = match btn.as_str() { @@ -2173,18 +2194,38 @@ impl Tool for ClickTool { } } - // UIA hit-test didn't land. Decide between PostMessage / SendInput - // based on dispatch mode. + // UIA hit-test didn't land. Decide between PostMessage / injection / + // SendInput based on dispatch mode. // - // dispatch:"background" — refuse to swap foreground. If the target - // is known to silently drop PostMessage mouse events (Chromium - // DOM content, GTK button widgets), surface a structured - // background_unavailable error so the caller can bring_to_front - // then retry with dispatch:"foreground". + // dispatch:"background" (the default) — never swap foreground. If the + // target silently drops PostMessage mouse events (Chromium DOM + // content, GTK button widgets), route through the universal + // coordinate-injection actuator: touch injection lands in the system + // input queue (so Chromium/Electron/WPF accept it; the OS promotes to + // WM_*BUTTON for legacy Win32) WITHOUT SetForegroundWindow, and a + // cloak+restore z-order guard keeps the target from visibly raising. + // This is what lets a caller "just target the app and play actions" + // without knowing whether it's Chromium/GTK/etc. The structured + // background_unavailable error only survives as a last resort for + // inputs injection can't express (e.g. right/middle clicks). if dispatch == DispatchMode::Background && crate::input::dispatch::would_be_silently_dropped(hwnd, EventKind::MouseClick) { - return background_unavailable_error(hwnd, EventKind::MouseClick); + let btn2 = btn.clone(); + let inj = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || { + crate::input::inject_click_screen(hwnd, sx as i32, sy as i32, count, &btn2) + }) + .await; + return match inj { + Ok(Ok(())) => { + let click_word = match count { 2 => "double-click", 3 => "triple-click", _ => "click" }; + ToolResult::text(format!( + "✅ Injected {click_word} to pid {pid} at ({sx},{sy}) (background, no foreground swap)." + )) + } + Ok(Err(_)) => background_unavailable_error(hwnd, EventKind::MouseClick), + Err(e) => ToolResult::error(format!("Task error: {e}")), + }; } // dispatch:"auto" — historical heuristic: Chromium targets get @@ -2356,6 +2397,17 @@ impl Tool for TypeTextTool { is scoped per (pid, window_id). Pass the same window_id you used in \ `get_window_state`."); } + // Same no-raise guard as click: a XAML/WPF ValuePattern.SetValue handler + // calls UIElement.Focus()→SetForegroundWindow; WS_EX_NOACTIVATE on the + // target makes that a no-op while the value still gets set. Safe because + // type_text never uses the SendInput foreground-swap path. No-op for + // dispatch:"foreground" and when no window_id was given. + let _noact = match (dispatch != DispatchMode::Foreground, hwnd_opt) { + (true, Some(h)) => Some(crate::input::NoActivateGuard::arm( + windows::Win32::Foundation::HWND(h as *mut _), + )), + _ => None, + }; let _delay_ms = args.u64_or("delay_ms", 30); let hwnd = match hwnd_opt { Some(h) => h, @@ -2553,7 +2605,24 @@ impl Tool for PressKeyTool { if dispatch == DispatchMode::Background && crate::input::dispatch::would_be_silently_dropped(hwnd, event_kind) { - return background_unavailable_error(hwnd, event_kind); + // Universal background keyboard actuator: cloaked focus + SendInput, + // so TranslateAccelerator-based shortcuts (VCL/classic Win32) and + // Chromium key-combos fire without a visible foreground raise. The + // structured error only survives when focus can't be obtained + // (foreground-lock + no UIAccess → route via the uia worker). + let key_i = key.clone(); + let mods_i: Vec = mods.clone(); + let inj = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || { + let m: Vec<&str> = mods_i.iter().map(String::as_str).collect(); + crate::input::inject_key_cloaked(hwnd, &key_i, &m) + }).await; + return match inj { + Ok(Ok(())) => ToolResult::text(format!( + "✅ Sent {key_display} on pid {raw_pid} (background; cloaked focus if needed)." + )), + Ok(Err(_)) => background_unavailable_error(hwnd, event_kind), + Err(e) => ToolResult::error(format!("Task error: {e}")), + }; } // Foreground: send_key_synthesized takes the SetForegroundWindow path. if dispatch == DispatchMode::Foreground { @@ -2783,7 +2852,22 @@ impl Tool for HotkeyTool { if dispatch == DispatchMode::Background && crate::input::dispatch::would_be_silently_dropped(hwnd, event_kind) { - return background_unavailable_error(hwnd, event_kind); + // Universal background keyboard actuator (see press_key): cloaked + // focus + SendInput so VCL/Chromium accelerators fire without a + // visible raise. Structured error only if focus can't be obtained. + let key_i = key.clone(); + let mods_i: Vec = mods.clone(); + let inj = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || { + let m: Vec<&str> = mods_i.iter().map(String::as_str).collect(); + crate::input::inject_key_cloaked(hwnd, &key_i, &m) + }).await; + return match inj { + Ok(Ok(())) => ToolResult::text(format!( + "✅ Pressed {key_display} on pid {raw_pid} (background; cloaked focus if needed)." + )), + Ok(Err(_)) => background_unavailable_error(hwnd, event_kind), + Err(e) => ToolResult::error(format!("Task error: {e}")), + }; } // dispatch:"foreground" — explicit SendInput swap (the path that // unblocks TranslateAccelerator-style apps). Auto mode preserves the diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md b/libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4bf6a6f06f --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md @@ -0,0 +1,285 @@ +# Windows background computer-use: RE plan to kill the foreground "flash" + +> **RESOLVED (see "Implemented solution" below).** Background click + text-type +> now work on Win32, Chromium/Electron, and Tauri/WebView2 with **no foreground +> steal and no cursor movement**, verified end-to-end in +> `crates/cua-driver/tests/e2e_windows_bg_input_test.rs` (6/6 green, self-cleaning). + +## Implemented solution (what actually works) + +The decisive mechanism is **per-window `WS_EX_NOACTIVATE`** (`input/inject.rs::NoActivateGuard`), +armed on the target's top-level window for the duration of any non-foreground +click/type. While set, Windows refuses to make that window foreground/active **at +all** — click-activation, `WM_MOUSEACTIVATE`, and a self-`SetForegroundWindow(self)` +from a WPF/XAML/Tauri automation handler are all denied — while the window still +*receives* the click/keystroke. It is per-window (no session side effects) and +reverted on drop. + +Delivery is layered, all foreground-free and cursor-free: +- **UIA Invoke** for invokable elements (Chromium DOM, WebView2, UWP/XAML, native + controls) — fires the element's default action via the accessibility channel. +- **PostMessage** to the deepest child for plain Win32 clicks and `WM_CHAR` text. +- **Touch injection** (`InjectTouchInput`) for canvas/pixel left-clicks; **pen + injection** with the barrel flag (`InjectSyntheticPointerInput`, PT_PEN) for + right-clicks. Coordinate-routed, no cursor move. +A cloak/`SetWindowPos(SWP_NOACTIVATE)` z-order guard (`ZorderGuard`) covers any +residual z movement. The default `dispatch:"background"` now transparently +chooses among these — callers never pass a dispatch knob or learn the app type. + +### Rejected approach (recorded so it isn't retried) +A **global** foreground freeze via `SPI_SETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT` was implemented +and discarded: (1) it's a session-wide security setting that would leak if the +daemon were killed mid-action, and (2) it's **ineffective** — our own injected/ +posted input legitimizes the target's foreground claim, so the steal happens even +under a maxed lock. `WS_EX_NOACTIVATE` is categorical and per-window; use it. + +### Keyboard accelerators — capability-first, UX best-effort +Plain **text** typing is fully background-free via `WM_CHAR` (no focus needed). +Keyboard **accelerators / key-combos** (Ctrl+S, Ctrl+A) need the target focused +because frameworks detect them via `GetKeyState`/`TranslateAccelerator`, which +only SendInput (system input queue) updates. cua-driver does **not** sacrifice +the action to preserve UX: `inject_key_cloaked` (`input/inject.rs`) **cloaks** the +target (so the raise is hidden), brings it foreground via the `AttachThreadInput` +trick (beats the foreground-lock without UIAccess), SendInputs the combo so it +actually fires, then restores the user's foreground and uncloaks. If focus truly +can't be obtained it falls back to PostMessage rather than dropping the keystroke. +Net: the accelerator is always delivered; the brief focus is hidden as much as +possible and the user's foreground is restored. (A UIAccess worker would let even +that brief focus happen without any restore, but it's no longer required for the +action to succeed.) + +--- + + +Status: investigation + plan. Reverse-engineering evidence gathered against +Windows 11 build 10.0.26100.8457 (June 2026). Reproducible toolkit + raw +findings live in the repo-root scratch dir `.re-windows/` (see +`.re-windows/FINDINGS.md`). Offsets are per-build RVAs — re-run the toolkit to +refresh for another build. + +--- + +## 1. Problem + +cua-driver actuates Windows input in the background (PostMessage / UIA Invoke) +so the daemon never steals foreground from the user. That works for most +targets. For five classes it does **not**, and the only working fallback is +`send_click_synthesized` / `send_key_synthesized` — which do +`SetForegroundWindow(target) → SendInput → restore`, i.e. a visible z-order +**flash**: + +| Target | Why background fails | Code | +|---|---|---| +| WPF buttons/textboxes | automation peer calls `UIElement.Focus()`→`SetForegroundWindow`, not gated by the EnableWindow bypass | `uia/fg_bypass.rs:70` | +| Chromium/CEF/Electron | renderer input thread requires SendInput-origin events | `input/mouse.rs` `is_chromium_target_window` | +| GTK buttons | button widgets ignore PostMessage clicks | `input/dispatch.rs` `is_gtk_target_window` | +| VCL (LibreOffice/SAL) accelerators | PostMessage(WM_KEYDOWN) doesn't update GetKeyState→TranslateAccelerator misses | `input/dispatch.rs` `is_vcl_target_window` | +| Pixel clicks on canvas/video/WebGL | UIA hit-test misses, no InvokePattern | `tools/impl_.rs` click path | + +All converge on `input/mouse.rs:237 send_click_synthesized` / +`input/keyboard.rs:333 send_key_synthesized`. + +Already solved adjacent cases: UIA Invoke for clickable elements; the +`EnableWindow(FALSE)` UWP self-foreground bypass (`uia/fg_bypass.rs`); +`AttachThreadInput` to beat the FG-lock in `bring_to_front`; the UIAccess worker +`cua-driver-uia.exe`. + +--- + +## 2. RE methodology (reproducible) + +Toolchain installed: conda env `re310` (Python 3.10 — `pdbparse`'s `construct` +dep needs the pre-3.12 `imp` module) with `pefile`, `capstone`, `pdbparse`, +`requests`; `objdump` (mingw) also present. Scripts in `.re-windows/`: + +1. `win32u_syscalls.py` — enumerate win32u.dll exports → syscall number by + disassembling each `mov eax,; syscall` stub. Names come from the export + table, recovering the full (incl. undocumented) `NtUser*`/`NtGdi*` surface. +2. `trace_user32.py` — disassemble documented user32 wrappers, resolve + `call/jmp [rip+x]` against the IAT → the real `NtUser*` behind each API. +3. `fetch_pdb.py` — download the matching public PDB from `msdl.microsoft.com` + using the PE CodeView GUID+age. +4. `build_symbols.py` — parse a PDB → `.syms` name↔RVA map (OMAP-aware). +5. `disasm_fn.py ` — capstone disassembly of a kernel + function, annotating call/jmp targets with local + imported symbols. + +The general technique (find a hidden API and trace it to the kernel): win32u +stub enum → user32 IAT resolution → public PDB → annotated kernel disassembly. + +**Hard limit found:** public symbol-server PDBs are **stripped of the TPI type +stream** (`ti_min/ti_max = None`, 0 types). Enum *member values* are not +published — neither this toolkit nor WinDbg `dt` can read +`SetForegroundEffects` members from public symbols. Recovering them requires +empirical disassembly (caller-constant correlation) or an xref-capable tool +(Ghidra headless). See §5. + +--- + +## 3. Root cause, precisely + +`SetForegroundWindow` bundles three separable things; `SendInput` needs only #1: +1. **foreground input-queue ownership** — where raw SendInput events route; +2. **activation / keyboard focus** — WM_ACTIVATE, focus rect; +3. **z-order raise to HWND_TOP** — the visible flash. + +The decompiled kernel shows these are implemented as **separate code paths**. + +--- + +## 4. RE findings (verified by disassembly) + +### 4.1 user32 → win32u call graph (confirmed) +`SetForegroundWindow`→`NtUserSetForegroundWindow` (SSN 0x1556); +`SendInput`→`NtUserSendInput` (0x107a); +`InjectSyntheticPointerInput`→`NtUserInjectPointerInput` (0x14af); +`InitializeTouchInjection`→`NtUserInitializeTouchInjection` (0x14a9); +`RegisterPointerInputTarget`→`NtUserRegisterPointerInputTarget` (0x1509); +`BringWindowToTop`→(user-mode)`NtUserSetWindowPos`. + +### 4.2 Undocumented surface that maps onto the solution (from the 1,493-syscall enum) +- Injection (kernel-side, win32kbase): `NtUserInjectMouseInput`, + `NtUserInjectKeyboardInput`, `NtUserInjectPointerInput`, + `NtUserInjectTouchInput`, `NtUserInjectDeviceInput`, + `NtUserInitializeInputDeviceInjection`. +- Modern Input Transport ("MIT"): `NtMITSynthesizeMouseInput/KeyboardInput/ + TouchInput`, `NtMITSetLastInputRecipient`, `NtMITSetKeyboardInputRoutingPolicy`, + `NtMITSetInputDelegationMode`. +- Input-target redirection: `NtUserRegisterPointerInputTarget`, + `NtUserSetManipulationInputTarget`, `NtUserDelegateInput`/ + `NtUserHandleDelegatedInput`, `NtUserConvertToInterceptWindow`. +- Foreground variants: `NtUserSetBrokeredForeground`, + `NtUserSetForegroundWindowForApplication`, `NtUserClearForeground`, + `NtUserCanCurrentThreadChangeForeground`, `NtUserSetChildWindowNoActivate`, + `NtUserZapActiveAndFocus`. +- Cloak/composition: `NtUserRegisterCloakedNotification`, + `NtUserGet/SetWindowCompositionAttribute`, `NtUserSetCoveredWindowStates`. + +### 4.3 Activation ≠ z-order raise (core structural finding) +`NtUserSetForegroundWindow` (kfull 0x242f50) → +`xxxSetForegroundWindowWithOptions(wnd, ForegroundChangeAllowPolicy=2, +SetForegroundBehaviors=0, SetForegroundEffects=1)` (kfull 0x274674) → +`xxxSetForegroundWindow2(wnd, pti, behaviors)` (kfull 0x230d30). + +`xxxSetForegroundWindow2` performs **only input-queue/focus work** — +`SetNewForegroundQueue`, `ResetForegroundQueue`, +`xxxSetForegroundThreadWithWindowHint`, `xxxApplyGlobalInputSettings`, +`zzzInputFocusLost/ReceivedWindowEvent`, `zzzLockWindowUpdate2`, `StoreQMessage`, +`SetWakeBit`. **No SetWindowPos / HWND_TOP raise inside it.** The z-order raise +is a separate concern (`CalcForegroundInsertAfter` kfull 0x3687c; the raise +flows through `xxxActivateWindowWithOptions` kfull 0x1a61c8 which carries a +`LocalActivationOptions` enum, plus `xxxSetWindowPos`). Public +`SetForegroundWindow` hard-codes `Effects=1` (raise); other internal callers +pass different effects. A "NoActivate" foreground path provably exists: +`EditionTouchSetForegroundCheckNoActivate` (kfull 0x2758f0) / +`IsEditionTouchSetForegroundCheckNoActivateSupported` (0x1bc630), +`xxxForceForegroundWindowNoRestoreFocus` (0x22f55c), +`NtUserSetChildWindowNoActivate` (SSN 0x1543), and `SWP_NOACTIVATE` usage. + +### 4.4 Injection has no foreground precondition +`NtUserInjectMouseInput` (kbase 0x16d360): after WPP tracing it takes a +`ThreadLockedPerfRegion("InjectMouseInput")`, reads +`PsGetCurrentProcessWin32Process`, and validates a **per-process injection-enabled +state** (set up by `InitializeTouchInjection` / +`NtUserInitializeInputDeviceInjection`). There is **no GetForegroundWindow / +IsForegroundWindow gate**. Injected events enter the normal system input queue +and are hit-tested to the window under the screen point, independent of z-order/ +foreground. (`NtUserInjectKeyboardInput` kbase 0x16caa0, +`NtUserInjectPointerInput` kbase 0x1baf00 share the shape.) Activation-on-click +is then a separate, gateable consequence — not a precondition. + +### 4.5 `NtUserSetBrokeredForeground` is authorization, not actuation +kfull 0x242f50…`NtUserSetBrokeredForeground` (kfull 0x216c..) validates the +window (top-level, not destroyed, not message-only, `[wnd+0xec] ∈ {0xe,4}`) then +calls `_SetBrokeredForeground` (0x225ac8), which is just +`InternalSetProp(wnd, brokered-fg-atom, W32Thread, flags=5)`. It stamps a grant +property (like `AllowSetForegroundWindow`); it does not raise/activate. Useful +only to *authorize* a subsequent foreground change, not as a flash-free actuator. + +--- + +## 5. Open RE question + how to close it + +The one unknown blocking a clean Track-B implementation: **which +`SetForegroundEffects` / `LocalActivationOptions` member means +"activate/focus but DON'T raise z-order", and which (if any) syscall already +passes it.** Public PDBs can't answer (no TPI). Two ways to close it: + +1. **Empirical caller-constant correlation** (toolkit only): enumerate every + caller of `xxxSetForegroundWindowWithOptions` / `xxxActivateWindowWithOptions` + and record the Effects/Options constant each passes; then find the `cmp`/`bt` + on that arg that guards the `xxxSetWindowPos`/`CalcForegroundInsertAfter` + raise. The constant on the no-raise branch is the member we want. + (Needs xrefs — easiest with Ghidra headless importing the public PDB; + capstone linear scan can't xref. Add Ghidra to the toolkit for this step.) +2. **Dynamic confirmation** (cheaper, decisive): build the z-drop poller harness + (§7) and just try each candidate path against a background window, measuring + visible z-order drops. Behavior is the real oracle; we don't strictly need + the enum name if a path measures 0 drops. + +--- + +## 6. Solution tracks (ranked, now evidence-backed) + +### Track A — Pointer/touch/mouse injection ⭐ strongest +`InjectSyntheticPointerInput` / `InjectTouchInput` / (lower) +`NtUserInjectMouseInput`. §4.4 proves injection routes by coordinate with **no +foreground precondition** — collapses Chromium + GTK + pixel-click into one +background actuator. Open sub-question: does the click's *activation* still +raise? Controlled by Track B's gating. Risk: target must accept WM_POINTER +(Chromium does); injection may require the daemon to be UIAccess — route via +`cua-driver-uia.exe` if so (already exists). + +### Track B — Activate/focus without raise +§4.3 proves the raise is separate from `xxxSetForegroundWindow2`'s queue/focus +work and gated by the Effects/Options enums. Implementation options: +(a) `AttachThreadInput` + `SetActiveWindow`/`SetFocus` (no `SetForegroundWindow`) +to put queue-focus on the target without HWND_TOP; (b) drive the input-queue +foreground while pinning z-order back via the SWP_NOZORDER/SWP_NOACTIVATE +machinery; (c) reach a no-raise foreground path once §5 identifies it. + +### Track C — DWM cloak (visual suppression fallback) +Cloak target (`DwmSetWindowAttribute(DWMWA_CLOAK)` / `NtUserSetWindowComposition +Attribute`) → normal SFW+SendInput → uncloak → restore. Cloaked windows keep +WS_VISIBLE and receive input but composite to nothing, so the raise is invisible. +The cloak/composition syscalls exist (§4.2). Pair with +`DWMWA_TRANSITIONS_FORCEDISABLED`. Risk: relayout on cloak; cloak/uncloak latency. + +### Track D — Per-framework entry points +WPF: try `LegacyIAccessiblePattern.DoDefaultAction` (MSAA `accDoDefaultAction`) +instead of `InvokePattern.Invoke` (may not call `Focus()`). VCL: after +`AttachThreadInput`, seed modifier state with `SetKeyboardState` on the shared +queue so `TranslateAccelerator`'s `GetKeyState` reads correctly — likely fixes +VCL hotkeys flash-free. Largely subsumed by A/B. + +### Track E — Visual-only suppression (universal backstop) +Keep SFW but in the same turn `SetWindowPos(target, prev_top, SWP_NOACTIVATE| +SWP_NOMOVE|SWP_NOSIZE)` to drop it back under the user's window, and disable DWM +transitions. Sub-frame, race-prone, but safe where A–C don't land. + +--- + +## 7. Sequencing + +1. **Build the oracle first** — commit the flash-repro z-drop poller (referenced + in `uia/fg_bypass.rs` comments but not in-repo) and add per-framework cases to + `crates/cua-driver/tests/harness_bg_modality_test.rs`. Success bar = the + 0/507 z-drops the UWP bypass already hit. +2. **Track A probe** — touch/pointer injection at a background Chrome button's + screen coords; measure z-drops + confirm the click registered. +3. **Track B probe** — `AttachThreadInput`+`SetActiveWindow`+inject; measure. +4. **Close §5** — Ghidra xref pass OR accept the dynamic result from steps 2–3. +5. **Track C** as fallback for whatever A/B don't cover (likely WPF). +6. **Track E** universal backstop. +7. Wire winners into `input/dispatch.rs` as new sub-modes, or make `background` + transparently try A→B→C before returning `background_unavailable`, gated by + the existing per-class detectors. + +Each track deliverable: a short RE note (paths confirmed, with `.syms`/offset +citations), a committed probe, z-drop numbers vs baseline, go/no-go on wiring in. + +--- + +## 8. Caveats / legal +RE here is interop-oriented behavior discovery; use ReactOS/Wine as the +clean-room reference and don't ship copied MS code. The `.re-windows/` scratch +dir holds ~5MB of downloaded public PDBs — gitignore or relocate before commit. From 4f8de048936bf1ad5c06f05c6d10501e85406c21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dillon DuPont Date: Mon, 1 Jun 2026 20:08:04 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 02/10] demo(cua-driver-rs)(windows): multi-cursor background computer-use across 5 UI frameworks MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit A live demo of background actuation: one action in a foreground "master" window is replayed onto FOUR background windows simultaneously, each driven by its own cua-driver session = its own uniquely-coloured agent cursor — with no window raised and the user's mouse never moved. Layout: 2x2 corners + a center master (the foreground window the human drives). Five UI frameworks, spanning the with/without-accessibility-tree axis: - Win32 + GDI custom-drawn — NO a11y tree -> pixel/injection path (crimson) - .NET WinForms — MSAA/UIA -> UIA Invoke (amber) - .NET WPF (XAML) — UIA -> UIA Invoke (aqua) - Electron (Chromium) — UIA -> UIA Invoke (mint_lime) - Win32 standard controls — center/master (instrumented, emits user actions) The Rust orchestrator starts the cua-driver daemon, launches + positions the five windows, reads the master's emitted click/type events, and fans each one out to the four corners over four concurrent `cua-driver call ... {session:}` invocations. Every spawned process is assigned to a KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE Job Object so closing the master (or killing the orchestrator) tears the whole tree down with no orphans. Verified (--auto self-play, 3 cycles): all four corners driven concurrently (TYPE + CLICK) — including the no-a11y GDI corner via the pixel path — with the foreground staying on the center master throughout (no corner ever z-raised), and a clean teardown (no orphaned processes). Components: legacy-app (Rust Win32, gdi + master modes), orchestrator (Rust), dotnet/{winforms,wpf}, electron/, README.md. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) --- demo/multi-cursor/.gitignore | 8 + demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.lock | 180 +++++++++ demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.toml | 6 + demo/multi-cursor/README.md | 82 ++++ demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/Program.cs | 51 +++ .../dotnet/winforms/winforms.csproj | 11 + demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/Program.cs | 63 +++ demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/wpf.csproj | 11 + demo/multi-cursor/electron/index.html | 36 ++ demo/multi-cursor/electron/main.js | 24 ++ demo/multi-cursor/electron/package.json | 12 + demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/Cargo.toml | 16 + demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/src/main.rs | 359 ++++++++++++++++++ demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/Cargo.toml | 19 + demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/src/main.rs | 347 +++++++++++++++++ 15 files changed, 1225 insertions(+) create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/.gitignore create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.lock create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.toml create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/README.md create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/Program.cs create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/winforms.csproj create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/Program.cs create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/wpf.csproj create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/electron/index.html create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/electron/main.js create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/electron/package.json create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/Cargo.toml create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/src/main.rs create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/Cargo.toml create mode 100644 demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/src/main.rs diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/.gitignore b/demo/multi-cursor/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bbbbe20a0e --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Rust +/target/ +# .NET +**/bin/ +**/obj/ +# Electron / Node +electron/node_modules/ +electron/package-lock.json diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.lock 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"windows_x86_64_msvc" +version = "0.52.6" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec" diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.toml b/demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.toml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bf84427611 --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.toml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +[workspace] +resolver = "2" +members = ["legacy-app", "orchestrator"] + +[profile.release] +opt-level = 2 diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/README.md b/demo/multi-cursor/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c57fa81bba --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +# Multi-cursor background computer-use demo + +Shows off cua-driver's Windows background actuation: **one human action in a +foreground window is replayed onto four background windows at the same time**, +each driven by its own cua-driver session = its own uniquely-coloured agent +cursor — with **no window ever raised** and **the user's mouse never moved**. + +It also proves cua-driver works **with or without an accessibility tree**: the +five windows span five UI frameworks, and cua-driver's default dispatch +auto-selects UIA-Invoke where an a11y tree exists and falls back to +pixel/pointer-injection where it doesn't. + +## Layout (2×2 + center) + +``` + ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ + │ Win32 GDI │ crimson ● │ WinForms │ amber ● + │ (NO a11y tree) │ │ (.NET classic) │ + └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ + ┌───────────────┐ + │ MASTER │ ← you click / type here (foreground) + │ (Win32 ctrls) │ + └───────────────┘ + ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ + │ WPF │ aqua ● │ Electron │ mint_lime ● + │ (XAML / UIA) │ │ (Chromium) │ + └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ +``` + +The four corners are background windows. When you click **SUBMIT** (or type a +name and submit) in the center master, four coloured cursors glide onto the +four corners and perform the same action there — concurrently, in the +background. Watch the corners' "Clicks:"/"Last:" lines update without any +corner ever coming to the front. + +## Frameworks (and what they exercise) + +| Window | Framework | Accessibility | cua-driver path | +|---|---|---|---| +| TL | Win32 + GDI (custom-drawn) | **none** | pixel hit-test → PostMessage / pointer injection | +| TR | .NET WinForms | MSAA/UIA | UIA Invoke | +| BL | .NET WPF | UIA (XAML) | UIA Invoke (no foreground steal via WS_EX_NOACTIVATE) | +| BR | Electron | UIA (Chromium) | UIA Invoke | +| Center | Win32 standard controls | MSAA | (foreground; the human drives it) | + +## Build + +```powershell +# from this directory +cargo build # legacy-app + orchestrator (Rust) +dotnet build dotnet/winforms/winforms.csproj # WinForms +dotnet build dotnet/wpf/wpf.csproj # WPF +npm install --prefix electron # Electron (downloads electron once) +``` +Also build the driver once (repo root workspace): +```powershell +cargo build -p cua-driver --manifest-path ..\..\libs\cua-driver\rust\Cargo.toml +``` + +## Run + +```powershell +.\target\debug\orchestrator.exe # human-driven: click/type in the center +.\target\debug\orchestrator.exe --auto # self-playing: drives a TYPE+CLICK every few seconds +``` + +The orchestrator starts the cua-driver daemon, launches + positions all five +windows, and fans every center action out to the four corners over four +concurrent `cua-driver call` sessions (`crimson` / `amber` / `aqua` / +`mint_lime` → four cursor colours). Close the center window (or kill the +orchestrator) to tear everything down — a Windows Job Object kills the whole +tree, so nothing is orphaned. + +### Env overrides +`CUA_DRIVER_EXE`, `LEGACY_APP_EXE`, `WINFORMS_EXE`, `WPF_EXE`, `ELECTRON_DIR`. + +## How the coloured cursors work +cua-driver assigns each session a cursor colour by name (palette-name sessions +like `crimson` pick that colour directly). Passing `"session":""` on each +`click`/`type_text` call routes it to that session's overlay cursor, which +glides to the target. Four sessions → four cursors animating at once. See +`docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md` for the no-z-raise mechanism. diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/Program.cs b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/Program.cs new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2bc11bd865 --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/Program.cs @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +using System; +using System.Drawing; +using System.Windows.Forms; + +// WinForms copy of the shared "legacy form" — classic Win32-backed controls +// (MSAA/UIA exposed). A normal app; cua-driver drives it like any other. +static class Program +{ + [STAThread] + static void Main() + { + Application.EnableVisualStyles(); + Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); + + var f = new Form + { + Text = "WinForms (.NET classic)", + ClientSize = new Size(480, 300), + FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedSingle, + MaximizeBox = false, + StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual, + }; + + var title = new Label + { + Text = "WinForms (.NET classic)", + Bounds = new Rectangle(0, 8, 480, 28), + TextAlign = ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter, + Font = new Font("Segoe UI", 11f, FontStyle.Bold), + }; + var nameLbl = new Label { Text = "Name:", Bounds = new Rectangle(20, 72, 60, 20) }; + var box = new TextBox { Bounds = new Rectangle(90, 70, 300, 24) }; + var btn = new Button { Text = "SUBMIT", Bounds = new Rectangle(160, 150, 160, 46) }; + var status = new Label { Text = "Clicks: 0 Last: (none)", Bounds = new Rectangle(20, 220, 440, 24) }; + + int clicks = 0; + btn.Click += (s, e) => + { + clicks++; + string last = box.Text.Length == 0 ? "(none)" : box.Text; + status.Text = $"Clicks: {clicks} Last: {last}"; + }; + + f.Controls.Add(title); + f.Controls.Add(nameLbl); + f.Controls.Add(box); + f.Controls.Add(btn); + f.Controls.Add(status); + Application.Run(f); + } +} diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/winforms.csproj b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/winforms.csproj new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b6864dd2d --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/winforms.csproj @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + + WinExe + net10.0-windows + true + disable + disable + winforms-legacy + PerMonitorV2 + + diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/Program.cs b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/Program.cs new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fde29a27b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/Program.cs @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +using System; +using System.Windows; +using System.Windows.Controls; +using System.Windows.Media; + +// WPF copy of the shared "legacy form" — XAML/UIA. Built in code (no XAML file) +// for a single-file project. A normal app; cua-driver drives it via UIA Invoke. +class Program +{ + [STAThread] + static void Main() + { + var app = new Application(); + var canvas = new Canvas { Background = Brushes.WhiteSmoke }; + + var title = new TextBlock + { + Text = "WPF (XAML / UIA)", + FontSize = 16, + FontWeight = FontWeights.Bold, + Width = 480, + TextAlignment = TextAlignment.Center, + }; + Canvas.SetLeft(title, 0); Canvas.SetTop(title, 10); + + var nameLbl = new TextBlock { Text = "Name:" }; + Canvas.SetLeft(nameLbl, 20); Canvas.SetTop(nameLbl, 74); + + var box = new TextBox { Width = 300, Height = 24 }; + Canvas.SetLeft(box, 90); Canvas.SetTop(box, 70); + + var btn = new Button { Content = "SUBMIT", Width = 160, Height = 46 }; + Canvas.SetLeft(btn, 160); Canvas.SetTop(btn, 150); + + var status = new TextBlock { Text = "Clicks: 0 Last: (none)" }; + Canvas.SetLeft(status, 20); Canvas.SetTop(status, 220); + + int clicks = 0; + btn.Click += (s, e) => + { + clicks++; + string last = string.IsNullOrEmpty(box.Text) ? "(none)" : box.Text; + status.Text = $"Clicks: {clicks} Last: {last}"; + }; + + canvas.Children.Add(title); + canvas.Children.Add(nameLbl); + canvas.Children.Add(box); + canvas.Children.Add(btn); + canvas.Children.Add(status); + + var win = new Window + { + Title = "WPF (XAML / UIA)", + Width = 496, + Height = 338, + ResizeMode = ResizeMode.NoResize, + Content = canvas, + WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.Manual, + }; + app.Run(win); + } +} diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/wpf.csproj b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/wpf.csproj new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b2b65b75df --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/wpf.csproj @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + + WinExe + net10.0-windows + true + disable + disable + wpf-legacy + false + + diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/electron/index.html b/demo/multi-cursor/electron/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a274fbe274 --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/electron/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + + + +
+
Electron (Chromium)
+
Name:
+ + +
Clicks: 0    Last: (none)
+
+ + + diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/electron/main.js b/demo/multi-cursor/electron/main.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1276753a2a --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/electron/main.js @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron'); +const path = require('path'); + +function createWindow() { + const win = new BrowserWindow({ + width: 496, + height: 338, + resizable: false, + title: 'Electron (Chromium)', + autoHideMenuBar: true, + webPreferences: { contextIsolation: true }, + }); + win.setMenuBarVisibility(false); + win.loadFile(path.join(__dirname, 'index.html')); +} + +app.whenReady().then(() => { + createWindow(); + app.on('activate', () => { + if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow(); + }); +}); + +app.on('window-all-closed', () => app.quit()); diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/electron/package.json b/demo/multi-cursor/electron/package.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0c36621cbf --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/electron/package.json @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +{ + "name": "cua-demo-electron-legacy", + "version": "0.1.0", + "private": true, + "main": "main.js", + "scripts": { + "start": "electron ." + }, + "devDependencies": { + "electron": "^33.0.0" + } +} diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/Cargo.toml b/demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/Cargo.toml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..59453e0f8d --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/Cargo.toml @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +[package] +name = "legacy-app" +version = "0.1.0" +edition = "2021" + +[[bin]] +name = "legacy-app" +path = "src/main.rs" + +[dependencies] +windows = { version = "0.58", features = [ + "Win32_Foundation", + "Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging", + "Win32_Graphics_Gdi", + "Win32_System_LibraryLoader", +] } diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/src/main.rs b/demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/src/main.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1f0c6db601 --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/src/main.rs @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ +//! Legacy-looking form app for the cua-driver multi-cursor demo. +//! +//! Two modes (argv[1]): +//! gdi — a custom GDI-drawn form with NO accessibility tree. +//! Proves cua-driver drives apps WITHOUT a11y (pixel path). +//! master <title> — the same form built from real Win32 controls (EDIT + +//! BUTTON), instrumented to EMIT the user's actions on +//! stdout so the orchestrator can replay them onto the +//! background corner windows. This is the foreground window +//! the human actually interacts with. +//! +//! Emitted protocol (one per line, tab-separated) — master only: +//! TYPE\t<text> the committed field text +//! CLICK\t<rx>\t<ry> a click at relative [0,1] client coords +//! +//! Fixed client size so a relative point maps to the same control in every +//! framework's copy of this form. + +#![windows_subsystem = "windows"] + +use std::cell::RefCell; +use std::io::Write; + +use windows::core::{w, PCWSTR}; +use windows::Win32::Foundation::{COLORREF, HINSTANCE, HWND, LPARAM, LRESULT, RECT, WPARAM}; +use windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::{ + BeginPaint, DrawTextW, EndPaint, FillRect, FrameRect, GetStockObject, InvalidateRect, + Rectangle, SelectObject, SetBkMode, SetTextColor, CreateSolidBrush, DeleteObject, + DT_CENTER, DT_LEFT, DT_SINGLELINE, DT_VCENTER, HBRUSH, PAINTSTRUCT, TRANSPARENT, + DEFAULT_GUI_FONT, BLACK_BRUSH, +}; +use windows::Win32::System::LibraryLoader::GetModuleHandleW; +use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::*; + +const CLIENT_W: i32 = 480; +const CLIENT_H: i32 = 300; + +// SUBMIT button rectangle (client coords), shared by both modes. +const BTN: RECT = RECT { left: 160, top: 150, right: 320, bottom: 196 }; +// Text field rectangle (client coords). +const FIELD: RECT = RECT { left: 90, top: 70, right: 390, bottom: 98 }; + +const ID_EDIT: isize = 1001; +const ID_BUTTON: isize = 1002; +const ID_STATUS: isize = 1003; + +#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)] +enum Mode { + Gdi, + Master, +} + +struct State { + mode: Mode, + title: String, + clicks: u32, + text: String, + hedit: HWND, + hstatus: HWND, +} + +thread_local! { + static STATE: RefCell<Option<State>> = const { RefCell::new(None) }; +} + +fn emit(line: &str) { + let _ = writeln!(std::io::stdout(), "{line}"); + let _ = std::io::stdout().flush(); +} + +fn wide(s: &str) -> Vec<u16> { + s.encode_utf16().chain(std::iter::once(0)).collect() +} + +fn main() { + let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().collect(); + let mode = match args.get(1).map(|s| s.as_str()) { + Some("master") => Mode::Master, + _ => Mode::Gdi, + }; + let title = args.get(2).cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| match mode { + Mode::Master => "Win32 Controls (master)".into(), + Mode::Gdi => "Win32 GDI (no a11y)".into(), + }); + + unsafe { + let hinst = GetModuleHandleW(None).unwrap(); + let class = w!("CuaDemoLegacyForm"); + let bg = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00C0C0C0)); // classic gray + let wc = WNDCLASSW { + lpfnWndProc: Some(wnd_proc), + hInstance: hinst.into(), + lpszClassName: class, + hbrBackground: bg, + hCursor: LoadCursorW(None, IDC_ARROW).unwrap_or_default(), + ..Default::default() + }; + RegisterClassW(&wc); + + STATE.with(|s| { + *s.borrow_mut() = Some(State { + mode, + title: title.clone(), + clicks: 0, + text: String::new(), + hedit: HWND::default(), + hstatus: HWND::default(), + }) + }); + + // Client size -> window size (account for frame). + let mut r = RECT { left: 0, top: 0, right: CLIENT_W, bottom: CLIENT_H }; + let style = WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX; + let _ = AdjustWindowRect(&mut r, style, false); + let title_w = wide(&title); + let hwnd = CreateWindowExW( + WINDOW_EX_STYLE(0), + class, + PCWSTR(title_w.as_ptr()), + style, + CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, + r.right - r.left, r.bottom - r.top, + None, None, HINSTANCE(hinst.0), None, + ) + .expect("CreateWindowExW"); + + let _ = ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL); + + let mut msg = MSG::default(); + while GetMessageW(&mut msg, None, 0, 0).as_bool() { + let _ = TranslateMessage(&msg); + DispatchMessageW(&msg); + } + } +} + +unsafe fn create_master_controls(parent: HWND) { + let hmod = GetModuleHandleW(None).unwrap(); + let hinst = HINSTANCE(hmod.0); + // EDIT field + let hedit = CreateWindowExW( + WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, + w!("EDIT"), + w!(""), + WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | WINDOW_STYLE(ES_AUTOHSCROLL as u32), + FIELD.left, FIELD.top, FIELD.right - FIELD.left, FIELD.bottom - FIELD.top, + parent, HMENU(ID_EDIT as *mut core::ffi::c_void), hinst, None, + ).unwrap_or_default(); + // SUBMIT button + let _hbtn = CreateWindowExW( + WINDOW_EX_STYLE(0), + w!("BUTTON"), + w!("SUBMIT"), + WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WINDOW_STYLE(BS_PUSHBUTTON as u32), + BTN.left, BTN.top, BTN.right - BTN.left, BTN.bottom - BTN.top, + parent, HMENU(ID_BUTTON as *mut core::ffi::c_void), hinst, None, + ).unwrap_or_default(); + // Status static + let hstatus = CreateWindowExW( + WINDOW_EX_STYLE(0), + w!("STATIC"), + w!("Clicks: 0 Last: (none)"), + WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE, + 20, 220, 440, 24, + parent, HMENU(ID_STATUS as *mut core::ffi::c_void), hinst, None, + ).unwrap_or_default(); + + // Nicer (still legacy) GUI font on the children. + let font = GetStockObject(DEFAULT_GUI_FONT); + for h in [hedit, hstatus] { + SendMessageW(h, WM_SETFONT, WPARAM(font.0 as usize), LPARAM(1)); + } + + STATE.with(|s| { + if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { + st.hedit = hedit; + st.hstatus = hstatus; + } + }); +} + +unsafe fn update_status(hwnd: HWND) { + STATE.with(|s| { + if let Some(st) = s.borrow().as_ref() { + let last = if st.text.is_empty() { "(none)" } else { st.text.as_str() }; + let line = format!("Clicks: {} Last: {}", st.clicks, last); + if st.mode == Mode::Master && !st.hstatus.0.is_null() { + let w = wide(&line); + let _ = SetWindowTextW(st.hstatus, PCWSTR(w.as_ptr())); + } else { + let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, None, true); + } + } + }); +} + +extern "system" fn wnd_proc(hwnd: HWND, msg: u32, wparam: WPARAM, lparam: LPARAM) -> LRESULT { + unsafe { + match msg { + WM_CREATE => { + let mode = STATE.with(|s| s.borrow().as_ref().map(|st| st.mode)); + if mode == Some(Mode::Master) { + create_master_controls(hwnd); + } + LRESULT(0) + } + WM_COMMAND => { + let id = (wparam.0 & 0xFFFF) as isize; + let code = ((wparam.0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) as u32; + if id == ID_BUTTON && code == BN_CLICKED { + on_submit(hwnd); + } + LRESULT(0) + } + WM_LBUTTONDOWN => { + // Raw click in the parent client area (empty regions). Emit a + // relative-coordinate click so corners get clicked at the same + // spot. (Clicks on the button arrive as WM_COMMAND instead.) + let x = (lparam.0 & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32; + let y = ((lparam.0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32; + let mode = STATE.with(|s| s.borrow().as_ref().map(|st| st.mode)); + if mode == Some(Mode::Master) { + emit(&format!("CLICK\t{:.4}\t{:.4}", x as f64 / CLIENT_W as f64, y as f64 / CLIENT_H as f64)); + } else { + // GDI mode: behave like an app — count clicks in the button. + if pt_in(&BTN, x, y) { + bump_click(hwnd); + } + } + LRESULT(0) + } + WM_CHAR => { + // GDI mode has no EDIT control; maintain our own text buffer so + // cua-driver type_text (WM_CHAR) is visibly reflected. + let mode = STATE.with(|s| s.borrow().as_ref().map(|st| st.mode)); + if mode == Some(Mode::Gdi) { + let ch = wparam.0 as u8 as char; + STATE.with(|s| { + if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { + match ch { + '\u{8}' => { st.text.pop(); } // backspace + '\r' | '\n' => {} + c if !c.is_control() => st.text.push(c), + _ => {} + } + } + }); + let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, None, true); + } + LRESULT(0) + } + WM_PAINT => { + paint(hwnd); + LRESULT(0) + } + WM_DESTROY => { + PostQuitMessage(0); + LRESULT(0) + } + _ => DefWindowProcW(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam), + } + } +} + +unsafe fn on_submit(hwnd: HWND) { + // Read the EDIT text, emit TYPE + CLICK(button center), bump local state. + let text = STATE.with(|s| { + let st = s.borrow(); + let st = st.as_ref()?; + if st.hedit.0.is_null() { return None; } + let len = GetWindowTextLengthW(st.hedit); + let mut buf = vec![0u16; (len + 1) as usize]; + let n = GetWindowTextW(st.hedit, &mut buf); + Some(String::from_utf16_lossy(&buf[..n as usize])) + }); + if let Some(t) = text { + emit(&format!("TYPE\t{t}")); + let cx = (BTN.left + BTN.right) as f64 / 2.0 / CLIENT_W as f64; + let cy = (BTN.top + BTN.bottom) as f64 / 2.0 / CLIENT_H as f64; + emit(&format!("CLICK\t{cx:.4}\t{cy:.4}")); + STATE.with(|s| { + if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { + st.clicks += 1; + st.text = t; + } + }); + update_status(hwnd); + } +} + +unsafe fn bump_click(hwnd: HWND) { + STATE.with(|s| { + if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { + st.clicks += 1; + } + }); + update_status(hwnd); +} + +fn pt_in(r: &RECT, x: i32, y: i32) -> bool { + x >= r.left && x < r.right && y >= r.top && y < r.bottom +} + +unsafe fn paint(hwnd: HWND) { + let mut ps = PAINTSTRUCT::default(); + let hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &mut ps); + let font = GetStockObject(DEFAULT_GUI_FONT); + SelectObject(hdc, font); + SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT); + + STATE.with(|s| { + let st = s.borrow(); + let Some(st) = st.as_ref() else { return }; + + // Title banner. + let mut title_rc = RECT { left: 0, top: 8, right: CLIENT_W, bottom: 36 }; + SetTextColor(hdc, COLORREF(0x00553300)); + let mut tw = wide(&st.title); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut tw, &mut title_rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + + // "Name:" label. + SetTextColor(hdc, COLORREF(0x00000000)); + let mut lbl_rc = RECT { left: 20, top: FIELD.top + 2, right: 88, bottom: FIELD.bottom }; + let mut lw = wide("Name:"); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut lw, &mut lbl_rc, DT_LEFT | DT_SINGLELINE); + + if st.mode == Mode::Gdi { + // Draw the field box + its text (custom; no real control => no a11y). + let white = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00FFFFFF)); + let mut field = FIELD; + FillRect(hdc, &field, white); + let _ = DeleteObject(white); + let edge = GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH); + FrameRect(hdc, &field, HBRUSH(edge.0)); + let mut tr = RECT { left: FIELD.left + 6, top: FIELD.top, right: FIELD.right - 4, bottom: FIELD.bottom }; + let mut txt = wide(&st.text); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut txt, &mut tr, DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + + // Draw the SUBMIT button (raised look). + let face = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00C8C8C8)); + let mut b = BTN; + FillRect(hdc, &b, face); + let _ = DeleteObject(face); + let _ = Rectangle(hdc, BTN.left, BTN.top, BTN.right, BTN.bottom); + let mut br = BTN; + let mut bw = wide("SUBMIT"); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut bw, &mut br, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + + // Status line. + let last = if st.text.is_empty() { "(none)" } else { st.text.as_str() }; + let mut sr = RECT { left: 20, top: 220, right: CLIENT_W - 20, bottom: 244 }; + let mut sw = wide(&format!("Clicks: {} Last: {}", st.clicks, last)); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut sw, &mut sr, DT_LEFT | DT_SINGLELINE); + } + let _ = font; + }); + + let _ = EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); +} diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/Cargo.toml b/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/Cargo.toml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be8a062292 --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/Cargo.toml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +[package] +name = "orchestrator" +version = "0.1.0" +edition = "2021" + +[[bin]] +name = "orchestrator" +path = "src/main.rs" + +[dependencies] +windows = { version = "0.58", features = [ + "Win32_Foundation", + "Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging", + "Win32_Graphics_Gdi", + "Win32_Graphics_Dwm", + "Win32_System_Threading", + "Win32_System_JobObjects", + "Win32_Security", +] } diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/src/main.rs b/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/src/main.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e194560547 --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/src/main.rs @@ -0,0 +1,347 @@ +//! Multi-cursor background computer-use demo orchestrator. +//! +//! Launches a "legacy form" app in five UI frameworks, arranged as a 2x2 grid +//! of background windows around one foreground "master" in the middle. When the +//! human clicks SUBMIT or types into the master, the master emits the action on +//! stdout; this orchestrator replays it onto all four background corners +//! simultaneously, each via its OWN cua-driver session (= its own uniquely +//! coloured agent cursor), entirely in the background — no window is raised and +//! the user's cursor never moves. +//! +//! Proves cua-driver drives every framework with OR without an accessibility +//! tree (the GDI corner has none; cua-driver's default dispatch falls back to +//! pixel/injection there, UIA-Invoke on the rest) — all concurrently. + +use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader}; +use std::path::PathBuf; +use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio}; +use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Sender}; +use std::thread; +use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; + +use windows::core::PWSTR; +use windows::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HANDLE, HWND, LPARAM, POINT, RECT, TRUE}; +use windows::Win32::System::JobObjects::{ + AssignProcessToJobObject, CreateJobObjectW, SetInformationJobObject, + JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation, JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION, + JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE, +}; +use windows::Win32::Graphics::Dwm::{DwmGetWindowAttribute, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS}; +use windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::ClientToScreen; +use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{ + EnumWindows, GetClientRect, GetWindowTextW, GetWindowThreadProcessId, IsWindowVisible, + SetForegroundWindow, SetWindowPos, HWND_TOP, SWP_NOACTIVATE, SWP_SHOWWINDOW, + SWP_NOZORDER, +}; + +// ── kill-on-exit job: everything we spawn dies when the orchestrator exits ──── +static JOB: std::sync::OnceLock<usize> = std::sync::OnceLock::new(); +fn job() -> HANDLE { + let raw = *JOB.get_or_init(|| unsafe { + let h = CreateJobObjectW(None, windows::core::PCWSTR::null()).expect("CreateJobObjectW"); + let mut info = JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION::default(); + info.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags = JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE; + let _ = SetInformationJobObject(h, JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation, + &info as *const _ as *const core::ffi::c_void, + std::mem::size_of::<JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION>() as u32); + h.0 as usize + }); + HANDLE(raw as *mut core::ffi::c_void) +} +fn assign_to_job(child: &Child) { + use std::os::windows::io::AsRawHandle; + unsafe { + let h = HANDLE(child.as_raw_handle() as *mut core::ffi::c_void); + let _ = AssignProcessToJobObject(job(), h); + } +} + +const CLIENT_W: f64 = 480.0; +const CLIENT_H: f64 = 300.0; +// Outer window size (client + non-client frame for a fixed caption window). +const WIN_W: i32 = 496; +const WIN_H: i32 = 338; + +struct Corner { + title: &'static str, // unique substring to find the window + session: &'static str, // palette name -> cursor color + hwnd: HWND, + pid: u32, +} + +fn main() { + let demo_root = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).parent().unwrap().to_path_buf(); + let repo_root = demo_root.parent().unwrap().parent().unwrap().to_path_buf(); + + let cua_driver = std::env::var("CUA_DRIVER_EXE").map(PathBuf::from).unwrap_or_else(|_| { + repo_root.join("libs/cua-driver/rust/target/debug/cua-driver.exe") + }); + let legacy_app = std::env::var("LEGACY_APP_EXE").map(PathBuf::from).unwrap_or_else(|_| { + demo_root.join("target/debug/legacy-app.exe") + }); + if !cua_driver.exists() { eprintln!("cua-driver.exe not found at {cua_driver:?}; set CUA_DRIVER_EXE"); std::process::exit(1); } + if !legacy_app.exists() { eprintln!("legacy-app.exe not found at {legacy_app:?}; build it first"); std::process::exit(1); } + + // 1. Start the persistent daemon (hosts the cursor overlay + sessions). + eprintln!("[orch] starting cua-driver daemon…"); + let mut daemon = Command::new(&cua_driver).arg("serve") + .stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + .spawn().expect("spawn cua-driver serve"); + assign_to_job(&daemon); + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1500)); + + // 2. Launch the four corner apps (each a different framework) + the master. + let mut kids: Vec<Child> = Vec::new(); + let launch = |kids: &mut Vec<Child>, cmd: &mut Command| { + match cmd.stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()).spawn() { + Ok(c) => { assign_to_job(&c); kids.push(c); } + Err(e) => eprintln!("[orch] launch failed: {e}"), + } + }; + + // GDI corner (Rust, NO a11y tree). + launch(&mut kids, Command::new(&legacy_app).args(["gdi", "Win32 GDI (no a11y)"])); + + // WinForms (.NET classic controls). + let winforms = std::env::var("WINFORMS_EXE").map(PathBuf::from).unwrap_or_else(|_| { + demo_root.join("dotnet/winforms/bin/Debug/net10.0-windows/winforms-legacy.exe") + }); + if winforms.exists() { launch(&mut kids, &mut Command::new(&winforms)); } + else { eprintln!("[orch] (skipping) winforms exe missing: {winforms:?}"); } + + // WPF (.NET XAML/UIA). + let wpf = std::env::var("WPF_EXE").map(PathBuf::from).unwrap_or_else(|_| { + demo_root.join("dotnet/wpf/bin/Debug/net10.0-windows/wpf-legacy.exe") + }); + if wpf.exists() { launch(&mut kids, &mut Command::new(&wpf)); } + else { eprintln!("[orch] (skipping) wpf exe missing: {wpf:?}"); } + + // Electron (Chromium) via the locally-installed electron binary. + let electron_dir = std::env::var("ELECTRON_DIR").map(PathBuf::from).unwrap_or_else(|_| demo_root.join("electron")); + let electron_bin = electron_dir.join("node_modules/.bin/electron.cmd"); + if electron_bin.exists() { + let mut c = Command::new(&electron_bin); + c.arg(".").current_dir(&electron_dir); + launch(&mut kids, &mut c); + } else { eprintln!("[orch] (skipping) electron not installed at {electron_bin:?} (run npm install)"); } + + // Master (foreground, instrumented) — stdout piped so we can read events. + let mut master = Command::new(&legacy_app).args(["master", "Master (Win32 controls)"]) + .stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + .spawn().expect("spawn master"); + assign_to_job(&master); + let master_out = master.stdout.take().unwrap(); + + // 3. Find + place windows. Corners get colors; master goes center foreground. + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(2500)); // app windows + electron warmup + let mut corners = vec![ + Corner { title: "Win32 GDI", session: "crimson", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0 }, + Corner { title: "WinForms", session: "amber", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0 }, + Corner { title: "WPF", session: "aqua", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0 }, + Corner { title: "Electron", session: "mint_lime", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0 }, + ]; + for c in corners.iter_mut() { + if let Some((h, pid)) = find_window_by_title(c.title) { c.hwnd = h; c.pid = pid; } + else { eprintln!("[orch] (skipping) no window found for '{}'", c.title); } + } + corners.retain(|c| !c.hwnd.0.is_null()); + let master_hwnd = find_window_by_title("Master (Win32").map(|(h, _)| h); + + let (sw, sh) = screen_size(); + // 2x2 corners + center. + let m = ((sw - WIN_W) / 2, (sh - WIN_H) / 2); + let pad_x = (sw / 12).max(20); + let pad_y = (sh / 12).max(20); + let positions = [ + (pad_x, pad_y), // TL + (sw - WIN_W - pad_x, pad_y), // TR + (pad_x, sh - WIN_H - pad_y), // BL + (sw - WIN_W - pad_x, sh - WIN_H - pad_y), // BR + ]; + for (i, c) in corners.iter().enumerate() { + let (x, y) = positions[i % 4]; + place(c.hwnd, x, y, false); + } + if let Some(mh) = master_hwnd { + place(mh, m.0, m.1, true); + unsafe { let _ = SetForegroundWindow(mh); } + } + + // 4. Pre-arm a coloured cursor per session (lazy-create + enable). + for c in &corners { + let _ = run_call(&cua_driver, "set_agent_cursor_enabled", + &format!(r#"{{"enabled":true,"session":"{}"}}"#, c.session)); + } + + // 5. Spawn one driver thread per corner; fan out master events to all. + let mut senders: Vec<Sender<Action>> = Vec::new(); + let mut handles = Vec::new(); + for c in &corners { + let (tx, rx) = channel::<Action>(); + senders.push(tx); + let cua = cua_driver.clone(); + let (pid, hwnd_addr, session) = (c.pid, c.hwnd.0 as isize, c.session.to_string()); + handles.push(thread::spawn(move || { + let hwnd = HWND(hwnd_addr as *mut _); + for act in rx { + match act { + Action::Click { rx, ry } => { + if let Some((x, y)) = client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd, rx, ry) { + let ok = run_call(&cua, "click", &format!( + r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"x":{x},"y":{y},"session":"{session}"}}"#)); + eprintln!("[drive {session}] click ({x},{y}) -> {}", if ok { "ok" } else { "FAIL" }); + } + } + Action::Type { text } => { + // Focus the field first (so the chars land), then type. + if let Some((x, y)) = client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd, 0.5, 0.28) { + let _ = run_call(&cua, "click", &format!( + r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"x":{x},"y":{y},"session":"{session}"}}"#)); + } + let esc = json_escape(&text); + let ok = run_call(&cua, "type_text", &format!( + r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"text":"{esc}","session":"{session}"}}"#)); + eprintln!("[drive {session}] type {text:?} -> {}", if ok { "ok" } else { "FAIL" }); + } + } + } + })); + } + + eprintln!("[orch] ready — click SUBMIT or type+SUBMIT in the center window; \ + watch {} coloured cursors drive the corners in the background.", corners.len()); + + // Optional self-playing mode for unattended demo/verification: emit a + // TYPE then CLICK every few seconds, fanning out to all corners. + if std::env::args().any(|a| a == "--auto") { + let s2 = senders.clone(); + thread::spawn(move || { + for i in 1..=3 { + thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3)); + eprintln!("[orch] AUTO {i}: TYPE then CLICK"); + for tx in &s2 { let _ = tx.send(Action::Type { text: format!("auto {i}") }); } + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1800)); + for tx in &s2 { let _ = tx.send(Action::Click { rx: 0.5, ry: 0.577 }); } + } + }); + } + + // 6. Read master events; fan out to all corner threads concurrently. + let reader = BufReader::new(master_out); + for line in reader.lines().map_while(Result::ok) { + let parts: Vec<&str> = line.trim().split('\t').collect(); + let action = match parts.as_slice() { + ["CLICK", rx, ry] => rx.parse::<f64>().ok().zip(ry.parse::<f64>().ok()) + .map(|(rx, ry)| Action::Click { rx, ry }), + ["TYPE", text] => Some(Action::Type { text: (*text).to_string() }), + _ => None, + }; + if let Some(a) = action { + eprintln!("[orch] user action: {a:?} -> driving {} corners", senders.len()); + for tx in &senders { let _ = tx.send(a.clone()); } + } + } + + // Master exited -> tear everything down. + drop(senders); + for h in handles { let _ = h.join(); } + let _ = master.kill(); + for mut k in kids { let _ = k.kill(); } + let _ = daemon.kill(); +} + +#[derive(Clone, Debug)] +enum Action { + Click { rx: f64, ry: f64 }, + Type { text: String }, +} + +fn json_escape(s: &str) -> String { + let mut o = String::with_capacity(s.len()); + for ch in s.chars() { + match ch { + '"' => o.push_str("\\\""), + '\\' => o.push_str("\\\\"), + '\n' => o.push_str("\\n"), + '\r' => {} + '\t' => o.push_str("\\t"), + c => o.push(c), + } + } + o +} + +/// Run `cua-driver call <tool> <json>` (proxies to the running daemon). +fn run_call(cua: &PathBuf, tool: &str, json: &str) -> bool { + Command::new(cua) + .arg("call").arg(tool).arg(json) + .stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + .status().map(|s| s.success()).unwrap_or(false) +} + +fn screen_size() -> (i32, i32) { + use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{GetSystemMetrics, SM_CXSCREEN, SM_CYSCREEN}; + unsafe { (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN)) } +} + +fn place(hwnd: HWND, x: i32, y: i32, activate: bool) { + if hwnd.0.is_null() { return; } + let flags = if activate { SWP_SHOWWINDOW | SWP_NOZORDER } else { SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_SHOWWINDOW | SWP_NOZORDER }; + unsafe { let _ = SetWindowPos(hwnd, HWND_TOP, x, y, WIN_W, WIN_H, flags); } +} + +/// Convert a client-relative point (0..1) to the click tool's window-local +/// screenshot-pixel space: ClientToScreen, then subtract the DWM extended +/// frame top-left + the 1px capture inset (mirrors `bitmap_to_screen`). +fn client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd: HWND, rx: f64, ry: f64) -> Option<(i32, i32)> { + unsafe { + let mut cr = RECT::default(); + GetClientRect(hwnd, &mut cr).ok()?; + let cw = (cr.right - cr.left) as f64; + let ch = (cr.bottom - cr.top) as f64; + let mut pt = POINT { x: (rx * cw) as i32, y: (ry * ch) as i32 }; + let _ = ClientToScreen(hwnd, &mut pt); + let mut dwm = RECT::default(); + if DwmGetWindowAttribute(hwnd, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS, + &mut dwm as *mut _ as *mut core::ffi::c_void, + std::mem::size_of::<RECT>() as u32).is_err() + { + return Some((pt.x, pt.y)); + } + Some((pt.x - dwm.left - 1, pt.y - dwm.top - 1)) + } +} + +// ── window discovery by title substring ─────────────────────────────────────── + +struct Finder { needle: String, hwnd: HWND, pid: u32 } + +unsafe extern "system" fn enum_cb(hwnd: HWND, lparam: LPARAM) -> BOOL { + let f = &mut *(lparam.0 as *mut Finder); + if !IsWindowVisible(hwnd).as_bool() { return TRUE; } + let mut buf = [0u16; 256]; + let n = GetWindowTextW(hwnd, &mut buf); + if n > 0 { + let title = String::from_utf16_lossy(&buf[..n as usize]); + if title.contains(&f.needle) { + let mut pid = 0u32; + GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, Some(&mut pid)); + f.hwnd = hwnd; + f.pid = pid; + return BOOL(0); // stop + } + } + let _ = PWSTR::null(); + TRUE +} + +fn find_window_by_title(needle: &str) -> Option<(HWND, u32)> { + let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(8); + loop { + let mut f = Finder { needle: needle.to_string(), hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0 }; + unsafe { let _ = EnumWindows(Some(enum_cb), LPARAM(&mut f as *mut _ as isize)); } + if !f.hwnd.0.is_null() { return Some((f.hwnd, f.pid)); } + if Instant::now() > deadline { return None; } + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(300)); + } +} From a83e1bc53f0eee7808b593369b81681b20eee1af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dillon DuPont <ddupont@mit.edu> Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2026 10:00:29 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 03/10] feat(cua-driver-rs): honor glide_duration_ms in shared render core + overlay perf MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit cursor-overlay: glide_duration_ms now drives a fixed-duration glide in the shared render path (tick_motion + tick_swift_constants), so a move takes that exact time regardless of distance on macOS/Windows/Linux alike; 0 (the default) keeps the original speed-based timing — no platform drift. Adds regression tests. platform-windows/overlay: repaint-gate — skip the full-virtual-screen composite + UpdateLayeredWindow on frames where nothing changed (no command, no cursor mid-glide/spring/click), so a resting overlay costs ~nothing instead of blitting at the timer rate. Adds an env-gated overlay-FPS probe (CUA_DRIVER_RS_OVERLAY_FPS_FILE) for diagnosing render throughput. platform-macos + platform-windows: correct the glide_duration_ms tool doc (0 = speed-based default), matched across both surfaces. Also carries this branch's in-progress windows background-input refinements (input/inject, dispatch, mouse, mod) and the RE plan doc. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> --- .../rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/motion.rs | 1 + .../crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs | 103 +++- .../platform-macos/src/tools/cursor_tools.rs | 4 +- .../platform-windows/src/input/dispatch.rs | 20 + .../platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs | 559 +++++++++++++++--- .../crates/platform-windows/src/input/mod.rs | 2 +- .../platform-windows/src/input/mouse.rs | 55 ++ .../crates/platform-windows/src/overlay.rs | 89 ++- .../platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs | 151 +++-- .../docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md | 21 + 10 files changed, 842 insertions(+), 163 deletions(-) diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/motion.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/motion.rs index 59d9586730..67bb6217ef 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/motion.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/motion.rs @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ impl Default for MotionConfig { } impl MotionConfig { + #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)] pub fn with_overrides( &self, start_handle: Option<f64>, diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs index 82fb78cd78..b1dc1b8667 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs @@ -133,7 +133,8 @@ impl RenderStateCore { let mut fire_arrival = false; if let Some(ref p) = self.path { - let path_frac = (self.dist / p.length.max(1.0)).clamp(0.0, 1.0); + let path_len = p.length.max(1.0); + let path_frac = (self.dist / path_len).clamp(0.0, 1.0); let profile = 16.0 * path_frac * path_frac * (1.0 - path_frac) * (1.0 - path_frac); let floor = if path_frac < 0.5 { @@ -141,19 +142,37 @@ impl RenderStateCore { } else { self.motion.min_end_speed }; - let speed = (floor + (self.motion.peak_speed - floor) * profile).max(floor); + let speed_based = (floor + (self.motion.peak_speed - floor) * profile).max(floor); + // Fixed-duration override: when `glide_duration_ms > 0` the move + // takes exactly that long regardless of distance, so an orchestrator + // can lock glides to a known cadence. `0` (the default) keeps the + // speed-based timing untouched. Shared verbatim with the macOS + // reference path (`tick_swift_constants`) — no platform drift. + let speed = if self.motion.glide_duration_ms > 0.0 { + path_len / (self.motion.glide_duration_ms / 1000.0) + } else { + speed_based + }; self.dist += speed * dt; - let path_len = p.length.max(1.0); if self.dist >= path_len { let end = p.sample(path_len); let end_heading = p.end_visual_heading; let vh = end.heading; + // In fixed-duration mode the constant speed can be large; base + // the settle impulse on the normal end-floor so the landing + // stays as crisp as a speed-based glide instead of overshooting + // proportionally to a short duration. + let impulse = if self.motion.glide_duration_ms > 0.0 { + self.motion.min_end_speed + } else { + speed + }; self.spring = Some(Spring { ox: 0.0, oy: 0.0, - vx: speed * 0.5 * vh.cos(), - vy: speed * 0.5 * vh.sin(), + vx: impulse * 0.5 * vh.cos(), + vy: impulse * 0.5 * vh.sin(), }); self.spring_tgt = Some((end.x, end.y, end_heading)); self.pos = (end.x, end.y); @@ -228,7 +247,17 @@ impl RenderStateCore { // Smootherstep speed profile (normalised: peak = 1.0). let profile = (30.0 * u * u * (1.0 - u) * (1.0 - u)) / 1.875; let floor_speed = if u < 0.5 { MIN_START_SPEED } else { MIN_END_SPEED }; - let current_speed = floor_speed + (PEAK_SPEED - floor_speed) * profile; + let speed_based = floor_speed + (PEAK_SPEED - floor_speed) * profile; + // Fixed-duration override: when `glide_duration_ms > 0` the move + // takes exactly that long regardless of distance, so an orchestrator + // can lock glides to a known cadence. `0` (the default) keeps the + // speed-based timing untouched. Shared verbatim with the + // Windows/Linux path (`tick_motion`) — no platform drift. + let current_speed = if self.motion.glide_duration_ms > 0.0 { + path_len / (self.motion.glide_duration_ms / 1000.0) + } else { + speed_based + }; self.dist += current_speed * dt; if self.dist >= path_len { @@ -236,11 +265,20 @@ impl RenderStateCore { let end = p.sample(path_len); let end_heading = p.end_visual_heading; let vh = end.heading; + // In fixed-duration mode the constant speed can be large; base + // the settle impulse on the normal end-floor so the landing + // stays as crisp as a speed-based glide instead of overshooting + // proportionally to a short duration. + let impulse = if self.motion.glide_duration_ms > 0.0 { + MIN_END_SPEED + } else { + current_speed + }; self.spring = Some(Spring { ox: 0.0, oy: 0.0, - vx: current_speed * SPRING_OVERSHOOT * vh.cos(), - vy: current_speed * SPRING_OVERSHOOT * vh.sin(), + vx: impulse * SPRING_OVERSHOOT * vh.cos(), + vy: impulse * SPRING_OVERSHOOT * vh.sin(), }); self.spring_tgt = Some((end.x, end.y, end_heading)); self.pos = (end.x, end.y); @@ -759,3 +797,52 @@ pub fn draw_default_arrow( None, ); } + +#[cfg(test)] +mod glide_duration_tests { + use super::*; + use crate::{CursorConfig, PathPlanner}; + + /// Run a glide of `dist_pts` to completion and return how many seconds it + /// took. `tick` selects the platform path: `false` = `tick_motion` + /// (Windows/Linux), `true` = `tick_swift_constants` (macOS reference). + fn arrival_secs(glide_ms: f64, dist_pts: f64, swift: bool) -> f64 { + let mut core = RenderStateCore::new(CursorConfig::default()); + core.motion.glide_duration_ms = glide_ms; + core.motion.idle_hide_ms = 0.0; + core.pos = (0.0, 0.0); + // Aligned headings → an effectively straight path of length ~dist_pts. + core.path = Some(PathPlanner::plan(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, dist_pts, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 80.0)); + core.dist = 0.0; + let dt = 1.0 / 240.0; + let mut t = 0.0; + for _ in 0..200_000 { + let arrived = if swift { core.tick_swift_constants(dt) } else { core.tick_motion(dt) }; + t += dt; + if arrived { break; } + } + t + } + + #[test] + fn fixed_duration_is_distance_independent_on_both_paths() { + for swift in [false, true] { + let short = arrival_secs(300.0, 120.0, swift); + let long = arrival_secs(300.0, 1400.0, swift); + // Both land in ~300ms regardless of distance (within a few ticks). + assert!((short - 0.3).abs() < 0.05, "swift={swift} short={short}"); + assert!((long - 0.3).abs() < 0.05, "swift={swift} long={long}"); + } + } + + #[test] + fn zero_keeps_speed_based_timing() { + // glide_duration_ms == 0 (the default) → longer paths take longer, on + // both platform paths, exactly as before this field was implemented. + for swift in [false, true] { + let short = arrival_secs(0.0, 120.0, swift); + let long = arrival_secs(0.0, 1400.0, swift); + assert!(long > short + 0.2, "swift={swift} short={short} long={long}"); + } + } +} diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-macos/src/tools/cursor_tools.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-macos/src/tools/cursor_tools.rs index 58c9e99f8d..cb466e2e20 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-macos/src/tools/cursor_tools.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-macos/src/tools/cursor_tools.rs @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ fn motion_def() -> &'static ToolDef { - arc_size: perpendicular deflection as fraction of path length [0,1]. Default 0.25\n\ - arc_flow: asymmetry [-1,1]; positive bulges toward destination. Default 0.0\n\ - spring: settle damping [0.3,1.0]; 1.0=no overshoot. Default 0.72\n\ - - glide_duration_ms: flight duration per move [50,5000]. Default 160\n\ + - glide_duration_ms: fixed flight duration per move [50,5000]; omit for speed-based (the default)\n\ - dwell_after_click_ms: pause after click ripple [0,5000]. Default 80\n\ - idle_hide_ms: auto-hide delay [0,60000]; 0=never. Default 20000".into(), input_schema: serde_json::json!({ @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ fn motion_def() -> &'static ToolDef { "type": "number", "minimum": 50, "maximum": 5000, - "description": "Flight duration per move in ms. Default 160." + "description": "Fixed flight duration per move in ms; omit for speed-based timing (the default)." }, "dwell_after_click_ms": { "type": "number", diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/dispatch.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/dispatch.rs index 2fd05177ce..7f4410357d 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/dispatch.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/dispatch.rs @@ -120,6 +120,17 @@ pub fn would_be_silently_dropped(hwnd: u64, kind: EventKind) -> bool { // Chromium's IME path, which DOES consume Win32 messages. return matches!(kind, MouseClick | MouseMove | MouseScroll | KeyCombo); } + if is_wpf_target_window(hwnd) { + // WPF ignores PostMessage mouse (its input manager drops mouse messages + // unless the live system cursor is over the window — verified: posted + // WM_MOUSE* raise no WPF events). It must be driven by coordinate-routed + // system-queue input. We use a PERSISTENT synthetic touch digitizer + // (see inject::TOUCH_DEV): WPF's stylus stack binds to the standing + // device and consumes the contact as touch/stylus — promoting to mouse + // internally, with NO OS cursor movement. WM_CHAR keystrokes still work, + // so flag only the pointer-class events. + return matches!(kind, MouseClick | MouseMove | MouseScroll); + } if is_gtk_target_window(hwnd) { // Conservative flag for GTK: button widgets ignore PostMessage // clicks, drawing-area widgets accept them. We cannot distinguish @@ -167,6 +178,15 @@ pub fn is_vcl_target_window(hwnd: u64) -> bool { class.starts_with("SAL") } +/// Detect WPF top-level windows. WPF hosts its visual tree in an HWND whose +/// class is `HwndWrapper[<module>;;<guid>]`. WPF TextBoxes consume only real +/// keyboard input routed through WPF's input manager, so a posted `WM_CHAR` +/// (the `post_type_text` path) is silently dropped — type_text must instead +/// deliver genuine SendInput keystrokes (see `inject_text_cloaked`). +pub fn is_wpf_target_window(hwnd: u64) -> bool { + read_class_name(hwnd).starts_with("HwndWrapper") +} + /// Detect GTK/GDK top-level windows. /// /// GTK 3 on Windows uses class `gdkWindowToplevel`; GTK 4 uses diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs index d4faf163c5..a80e1c8230 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs @@ -26,25 +26,55 @@ use anyhow::{bail, Result}; use core::ffi::c_void; +use std::sync::{Mutex, MutexGuard, TryLockError}; use std::thread::sleep; -use std::time::Duration; +use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; + +/// Serializes the cloaked-foreground SendInput operations (`inject_key_cloaked`, +/// `inject_text_cloaked`). Concurrent sessions must not interleave foreground +/// swaps + SendInput on the single shared system input queue, or keystrokes get +/// garbled and foreground restores race. Acquired with a hard 1s ceiling so a +/// stuck holder can never deadlock the others — after 1s, callers proceed +/// unserialized (degraded, but never hung). +static FG_SERIAL: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(()); + +fn fg_serialize() -> Option<MutexGuard<'static, ()>> { + let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(1); + loop { + match FG_SERIAL.try_lock() { + Ok(g) => return Some(g), + Err(TryLockError::Poisoned(p)) => return Some(p.into_inner()), + Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) => { + if Instant::now() >= deadline { + return None; // auto-expire: proceed without the lock + } + sleep(Duration::from_millis(20)); + } + } + } +} use windows::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, FALSE, HANDLE, HWND, POINT, RECT, TRUE}; use windows::Win32::Graphics::Dwm::{DwmSetWindowAttribute, DWMWA_CLOAK}; use windows::Win32::UI::Controls::{ - CreateSyntheticPointerDevice, DestroySyntheticPointerDevice, POINTER_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT, - POINTER_TYPE_INFO, POINTER_TYPE_INFO_0, + CreateSyntheticPointerDevice, DestroySyntheticPointerDevice, HSYNTHETICPOINTERDEVICE, + POINTER_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT, POINTER_TYPE_INFO, POINTER_TYPE_INFO_0, }; use windows::Win32::UI::Input::Pointer::{ - InitializeTouchInjection, InjectSyntheticPointerInput, InjectTouchInput, POINTER_FLAG_DOWN, - POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT, POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE, POINTER_FLAG_UP, POINTER_INFO, POINTER_PEN_INFO, - POINTER_TOUCH_INFO, TOUCH_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT, + InjectSyntheticPointerInput, POINTER_FLAG_DOWN, POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT, POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE, + POINTER_FLAG_UP, POINTER_FLAG_UPDATE, POINTER_INFO, POINTER_PEN_INFO, POINTER_TOUCH_INFO, }; use windows::Win32::System::Threading::{AttachThreadInput, GetCurrentThreadId}; +use windows::Win32::UI::Input::KeyboardAndMouse::{ + SendInput, INPUT, INPUT_0, INPUT_KEYBOARD, KEYBDINPUT, KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KEYEVENTF_UNICODE, + VIRTUAL_KEY, +}; use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{ - GetAncestor, GetForegroundWindow, GetWindowLongPtrW, GetWindowThreadProcessId, SetForegroundWindow, - SetWindowLongPtrW, SetWindowPos, GA_ROOT, GWL_EXSTYLE, HWND_TOP, PT_PEN, PT_TOUCH, SWP_NOACTIVATE, - SWP_NOMOVE, SWP_NOSIZE, WS_EX_NOACTIVATE, + GetAncestor, GetCursorPos, GetForegroundWindow, GetWindowLongPtrW, GetWindowThreadProcessId, + SetCursorPos, SetForegroundWindow, SetWindowLongPtrW, SetWindowPos, SystemParametersInfoW, + GA_ROOT, GWL_EXSTYLE, HWND_NOTOPMOST, HWND_TOP, HWND_TOPMOST, PT_PEN, PT_TOUCH, + SPI_GETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT, SPI_SETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT, SWP_NOACTIVATE, SWP_NOMOVE, + SWP_NOSIZE, SYSTEM_PARAMETERS_INFO_UPDATE_FLAGS, WS_EX_NOACTIVATE, }; /// Bring `target` to the foreground using the AttachThreadInput trick, which @@ -71,6 +101,98 @@ unsafe fn force_foreground_attached(target: HWND) -> bool { GetForegroundWindow() == target } +/// RAII guard that momentarily drops the system foreground-lock timeout so a +/// non-UIAccess process can `SetForegroundWindow`, then restores the user's +/// original value on drop. The change is **in-memory only** — `fWinIni` is 0, +/// so it is NOT written to the user profile (no `SPIF_UPDATEINIFILE`) and never +/// persists past this guard. Required on machines whose foreground-lock is +/// maxed (`SPI_GETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT` large), which otherwise denies the +/// raise an occluded WPF window needs. +struct ForegroundLockGuard { + prev: u32, + active: bool, +} + +impl ForegroundLockGuard { + unsafe fn disable() -> Self { + let flags = SYSTEM_PARAMETERS_INFO_UPDATE_FLAGS(0); + let mut prev: u32 = 0; + let got = SystemParametersInfoW( + SPI_GETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT, 0, + Some(&mut prev as *mut _ as *mut c_void), flags, + ) + .is_ok(); + if got && prev != 0 { + // value goes in pvParam for this action; 0 = no lock. + let _ = SystemParametersInfoW(SPI_SETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT, 0, None, flags); + } + Self { prev, active: got && prev != 0 } + } +} + +impl Drop for ForegroundLockGuard { + fn drop(&mut self) { + if self.active { + unsafe { + let _ = SystemParametersInfoW( + SPI_SETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT, 0, + Some(self.prev as usize as *mut c_void), + SYSTEM_PARAMETERS_INFO_UPDATE_FLAGS(0), + ); + } + } + } +} + +/// Make this process the "last input event" provider so Windows' foreground +/// lock permits our `SetForegroundWindow`. A non-UIAccess process can normally +/// only set the foreground if it (or the current foreground) sent the last +/// input; injecting a synthetic, side-effect-free keystroke (a lone Ctrl tap — +/// no menu activation like Alt, no cursor movement like a mouse event) makes +/// us that provider for the moment that follows. +unsafe fn foreground_unlock_keypoke() { + let mk = |up: bool| INPUT { + r#type: INPUT_KEYBOARD, + Anonymous: INPUT_0 { + ki: KEYBDINPUT { + wVk: VIRTUAL_KEY(0x11), // VK_CONTROL + wScan: 0, + dwFlags: if up { KEYEVENTF_KEYUP } else { Default::default() }, + time: 0, + dwExtraInfo: 0, + }, + }, + }; + let ev = [mk(false), mk(true)]; + SendInput(&ev, std::mem::size_of::<INPUT>() as i32); +} + +/// Forcefully bring `target` to the foreground — beating the foreground lock +/// even from a non-UIAccess process — by combining the AttachThreadInput trick +/// with the synthetic-input unlock above. Used for WPF, which only processes +/// injected stylus while it is the active foreground window (so an occluded WPF +/// must be genuinely raised). Returns whether `target` became foreground. +unsafe fn force_foreground_hard(target: HWND) -> bool { + if GetForegroundWindow() == target { + return true; + } + let my_tid = GetCurrentThreadId(); + let cur = GetForegroundWindow(); + let mut pid = 0u32; + let cur_tid = GetWindowThreadProcessId(cur, Some(&mut pid)); + let attached = cur_tid != 0 && cur_tid != my_tid; + if attached { + let _ = AttachThreadInput(my_tid, cur_tid, true); + } + foreground_unlock_keypoke(); + let _ = SetForegroundWindow(target); + let _ = SetWindowPos(target, HWND_TOP, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE); + if attached { + let _ = AttachThreadInput(my_tid, cur_tid, false); + } + GetForegroundWindow() == target +} + /// RAII guard that makes a specific target window **unable to become the /// foreground/active window** for the duration of an actuation, by adding the /// `WS_EX_NOACTIVATE` extended style to its top-level window. @@ -126,17 +248,6 @@ impl Drop for NoActivateGuard { /// button. `penFlags` is a raw u32 in the bindings, so use the literal. const PEN_FLAG_BARREL: u32 = 0x00000001; -/// One-time per-process `InitializeTouchInjection`. Subsequent calls would -/// fail with ERROR_ALREADY_INITIALIZED, so gate behind `Once`. -static TOUCH_INIT: std::sync::Once = std::sync::Once::new(); - -fn ensure_touch_init() { - TOUCH_INIT.call_once(|| unsafe { - // maxCount=1: a single contact is all a click needs. - let _ = InitializeTouchInjection(1, TOUCH_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT); - }); -} - const CLOAK_SIZE: u32 = std::mem::size_of::<BOOL>() as u32; /// Restore the user's window to the top of the visible z-order WITHOUT @@ -157,82 +268,66 @@ unsafe fn restore_z_top(user_win: HWND) { ); } +/// Put `win` into / out of the always-on-top (topmost) band WITHOUT activating +/// it. `SWP_NOACTIVATE` means no focus/foreground change. The topmost band sits +/// above ALL normal windows — including an *active* occluder — which `HWND_TOP` +/// alone does not guarantee for a non-activated (esp. `WS_EX_NOACTIVATE`) +/// window. Used to make a blocked injection target win the coordinate hit-test. +unsafe fn set_topmost(win: HWND, on: bool) { + let after = if on { HWND_TOPMOST } else { HWND_NOTOPMOST }; + let _ = SetWindowPos(win, after, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE); +} + unsafe fn set_cloak(h: HWND, on: bool) -> bool { let v: BOOL = if on { TRUE } else { FALSE }; DwmSetWindowAttribute(h, DWMWA_CLOAK, &v as *const _ as *const c_void, CLOAK_SIZE).is_ok() } -/// RAII guard that hides a background target's transient z-order raise. +/// RAII guard that lands coordinate-routed injection on an occluded background +/// target without stealing focus. /// -/// On `arm`: snapshots the user's current foreground window and, if the target -/// isn't already foreground, DWM-cloaks the target (composited to nothing, but -/// still receives input). On `Drop`: re-foregrounds the user's prior window -/// (which pushes the activated target back down to its background z position) -/// and uncloaks the target. Net effect: the user never sees the target rise. +/// Coordinate injection (pen/touch) is delivered to the TOP-MOST **visible** +/// window at the screen point — and a DWM-cloaked window is *excluded* from +/// hit-testing (verified: injection over a cloaked target lands on the occluder +/// instead). So we cannot hide the target; to drive it when it's blocked we +/// briefly raise it to the top of the z-order on `arm` — with `SWP_NOACTIVATE`, +/// so the user's window keeps focus/foreground (no activation, no input-queue +/// attach) — and on `Drop` restore the user's window to the top. The target is +/// visible on top only for the few milliseconds of the actuation. struct ZorderGuard { prev_fg: HWND, target: HWND, - cloaked: bool, + raised: bool, } impl ZorderGuard { unsafe fn arm(target: HWND) -> Self { let prev_fg = GetForegroundWindow(); - // Only cloak a genuine *background* target. Cloaking the window the - // user is actively looking at would blink its content. - let cloaked = - !target.0.is_null() && target != prev_fg && set_cloak(target, true); - Self { prev_fg, target, cloaked } + // Raise a genuine *background* target into the topmost band so it wins + // the injection hit-test even over an active occluder — no activation. + let raised = !target.0.is_null() && target != prev_fg; + if raised { + set_topmost(target, true); + } + Self { prev_fg, target, raised } } } impl Drop for ZorderGuard { fn drop(&mut self) { unsafe { - // Re-stack the user's window on top (hang-free, no activation - // messages) BEFORE uncloaking, so the target never flashes above it. - if !self.prev_fg.0.is_null() && self.prev_fg != self.target { - restore_z_top(self.prev_fg); - } - if self.cloaked { - let _ = set_cloak(self.target, false); + if self.raised { + // Drop the target back out of the topmost band, then re-stack the + // user's window on top (hang-free, no activation messages). + set_topmost(self.target, false); + if !self.prev_fg.0.is_null() && self.prev_fg != self.target { + restore_z_top(self.prev_fg); + } } } } } -fn touch_contact(x: i32, y: i32, flags: windows::Win32::UI::Input::Pointer::POINTER_FLAGS) -> POINTER_TOUCH_INFO { - POINTER_TOUCH_INFO { - pointerInfo: POINTER_INFO { - pointerType: PT_TOUCH, - pointerId: 0, - pointerFlags: flags, - sourceDevice: HANDLE::default(), - hwndTarget: HWND::default(), // NULL → system hit-tests by coordinate - ptPixelLocation: POINT { x, y }, - ..Default::default() - }, - touchFlags: 0, - touchMask: 0, - rcContact: RECT { left: x - 2, top: y - 2, right: x + 2, bottom: y + 2 }, - rcContactRaw: RECT { left: x - 2, top: y - 2, right: x + 2, bottom: y + 2 }, - orientation: 0, - pressure: 512, - } -} - -/// One down→up tap at screen `(sx, sy)`. -fn tap(sx: i32, sy: i32) -> Result<()> { - unsafe { - let down = touch_contact(sx, sy, POINTER_FLAG_DOWN | POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE | POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT); - InjectTouchInput(&[down]).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("InjectTouchInput(down): {e}"))?; - sleep(Duration::from_millis(25)); - let up = touch_contact(sx, sy, POINTER_FLAG_UP); - InjectTouchInput(&[up]).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("InjectTouchInput(up): {e}"))?; - } - Ok(()) -} - /// One down→up **pen** tap at screen `(sx, sy)`. When `barrel` is set the pen's /// barrel button is held for the contact, which the system maps to a secondary /// (right) click — both for `WM_POINTER`-aware apps (Chromium/WPF/UWP) and via @@ -282,10 +377,16 @@ fn pen_tap(sx: i32, sy: i32, barrel: bool) -> Result<()> { /// click-activation raise stays invisible, then the user's foreground is /// restored. /// -/// - `left` → touch injection (promoted to mouse for non-touch apps). -/// - `right` → pen injection with the barrel button held (secondary click). +/// - `left` → synthetic-pen primary tap (proven path; promoted to a left click +/// for non-pointer-aware apps, and accepted directly by Chromium/WPF/UWP). +/// - `right` → synthetic-pen tap with the barrel button held (secondary click). /// - `middle`→ unsupported (no clean pointer mapping); returns `Err` so the /// caller can fall back to its existing routing / structured error. +/// +/// We use the same `CreateSyntheticPointerDevice`/`InjectSyntheticPointerInput` +/// path for both buttons — `InjectTouchInput` proved unreliable for left-clicks +/// on Chromium content (returned errors), whereas synthetic-pen injection lands +/// reliably and routes by coordinate with no foreground dependency. pub fn inject_click_screen(target: u64, sx: i32, sy: i32, count: usize, button: &str) -> Result<()> { let target_h = HWND(target as *mut _); if let Some(msg) = crate::input::post_message_blocked_by_uipi(target) { @@ -293,15 +394,11 @@ pub fn inject_click_screen(target: u64, sx: i32, sy: i32, count: usize, button: bail!(msg); } - enum Kind { Touch, PenBarrel } - let kind = match button { - "left" => Kind::Touch, - "right" => Kind::PenBarrel, + let barrel = match button { + "left" => false, + "right" => true, other => bail!("background injection supports left/right buttons only (got {other:?})"), }; - if matches!(kind, Kind::Touch) { - ensure_touch_init(); - } // Make the target categorically non-activatable for the click (so neither // click-activation nor a self-SetForegroundWindow can steal foreground), @@ -310,10 +407,7 @@ pub fn inject_click_screen(target: u64, sx: i32, sy: i32, count: usize, button: let _guard = unsafe { ZorderGuard::arm(target_h) }; let count = count.max(1); for i in 0..count { - match kind { - Kind::Touch => tap(sx, sy)?, - Kind::PenBarrel => pen_tap(sx, sy, true)?, - } + pen_tap(sx, sy, barrel)?; if i + 1 < count { sleep(Duration::from_millis(70)); } @@ -322,6 +416,227 @@ pub fn inject_click_screen(target: u64, sx: i32, sy: i32, count: usize, button: Ok(()) } +/// One pen press-drag-release from screen `(sx0,sy0)` to `(sx1,sy1)`, with +/// `steps` interpolated in-contact UPDATE points between the down and the up. +/// A single synthetic pen device is created for the whole stroke. The barrel +/// button is held when `barrel` is set (secondary-button drag). +fn pen_drag(sx0: i32, sy0: i32, sx1: i32, sy1: i32, steps: usize, barrel: bool) -> Result<()> { + unsafe { + let dev = CreateSyntheticPointerDevice(PT_PEN, 1, POINTER_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT) + .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("CreateSyntheticPointerDevice(PEN): {e}"))?; + let pen_flags = if barrel { PEN_FLAG_BARREL } else { 0 }; + let mk = |flags, x: i32, y: i32| POINTER_TYPE_INFO { + r#type: PT_PEN, + Anonymous: POINTER_TYPE_INFO_0 { + penInfo: POINTER_PEN_INFO { + pointerInfo: POINTER_INFO { + pointerType: PT_PEN, + pointerId: 0, + pointerFlags: flags, + sourceDevice: HANDLE::default(), + hwndTarget: HWND::default(), + ptPixelLocation: POINT { x, y }, + ..Default::default() + }, + penFlags: pen_flags, + penMask: 0, + pressure: 512, + rotation: 0, + tiltX: 0, + tiltY: 0, + }, + }, + }; + // Press at the start. + let down = mk(POINTER_FLAG_DOWN | POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE | POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT, sx0, sy0); + let mut res = InjectSyntheticPointerInput(dev, &[down]); + // Interpolated in-contact moves so frameworks that gate drag-tracking on + // motion (rather than a single down→up) see a continuous stroke. + let steps = steps.max(1); + for i in 1..=steps { + sleep(Duration::from_millis(8)); + let t = i as f64 / steps as f64; + let x = sx0 + ((sx1 - sx0) as f64 * t).round() as i32; + let y = sy0 + ((sy1 - sy0) as f64 * t).round() as i32; + let mv = mk(POINTER_FLAG_UPDATE | POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE | POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT, x, y); + res = res.and(InjectSyntheticPointerInput(dev, &[mv])); + } + // Release at the end. + sleep(Duration::from_millis(8)); + let up = mk(POINTER_FLAG_UP, sx1, sy1); + res = res.and(InjectSyntheticPointerInput(dev, &[up])); + let _ = DestroySyntheticPointerDevice(dev); + res.map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("InjectSyntheticPointerInput(pen drag): {e}"))?; + } + Ok(()) +} + +/// A **persistent** synthetic touch digitizer, created once and never +/// destroyed. This is load-bearing: a transient (per-stroke) device is gone +/// before WPF's WISP stylus stack can bind to it, so the OS falls back to +/// legacy touch→mouse promotion — which drags the user's cursor to the +/// contact. A *standing* digitizer is enumerated as a real tablet, so WPF (and +/// other stylus/pointer-aware frameworks) consume the contact as touch/stylus +/// and promote it to mouse INTERNALLY, without the OS moving the system cursor. +static TOUCH_DEV: Mutex<isize> = Mutex::new(0); + +/// One **touch** press-drag-release from screen `(sx0,sy0)` to `(sx1,sy1)` with +/// `steps` interpolated in-contact moves, via the persistent [`TOUCH_DEV`]. +/// Unlike a pen (an absolute *cursor* device — injecting one drags the user's +/// mouse pointer along), a touch contact from a standing digitizer is consumed +/// as touch/stylus and does NOT move the user's cursor. Serialized on the +/// single shared device (one stroke at a time across all sessions). +fn touch_drag(sx0: i32, sy0: i32, sx1: i32, sy1: i32, steps: usize) -> Result<()> { + let mut dev_guard = TOUCH_DEV.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner()); + unsafe { + // A non-pointer-aware window (WPF) makes the OS promote the PRIMARY touch + // contact to a mouse event, which drags the system cursor to the contact + // — and the OS gates delivery on the cursor actually reaching it, so the + // move can't be prevented from a background process (pinning/clipping the + // cursor just drops the input). What we CAN do is snap the cursor back to + // exactly where the user left it the instant the stroke ends, so the net + // displacement is zero and (with a fast, few-step stroke) the excursion + // is a brief flick rather than a sustained drag. Pointer-aware targets + // (Chromium) never promote, so the cursor never moves and this restore is + // a harmless no-op. + let mut cpos = POINT::default(); + let have_cpos = GetCursorPos(&mut cpos).is_ok(); + let dev = if *dev_guard != 0 { + HSYNTHETICPOINTERDEVICE(*dev_guard as *mut c_void) + } else { + let d = CreateSyntheticPointerDevice(PT_TOUCH, 1, POINTER_FEEDBACK_DEFAULT) + .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("CreateSyntheticPointerDevice(TOUCH): {e}"))?; + *dev_guard = d.0 as isize; + d + }; + let mk = |flags, x: i32, y: i32| POINTER_TYPE_INFO { + r#type: PT_TOUCH, + Anonymous: POINTER_TYPE_INFO_0 { + touchInfo: POINTER_TOUCH_INFO { + pointerInfo: POINTER_INFO { + pointerType: PT_TOUCH, + pointerId: 0, + pointerFlags: flags, + sourceDevice: HANDLE::default(), + hwndTarget: HWND::default(), + ptPixelLocation: POINT { x, y }, + ..Default::default() + }, + touchFlags: 0, + touchMask: 0, + rcContact: RECT { left: x - 2, top: y - 2, right: x + 2, bottom: y + 2 }, + rcContactRaw: RECT { left: x - 2, top: y - 2, right: x + 2, bottom: y + 2 }, + orientation: 0, + pressure: 512, + }, + }, + }; + // Fast stroke: line-tool canvases only need down→up (the segment is the + // straight line between them), so a few in-contact frames with a tiny + // dwell is plenty — and the shorter the stroke, the briefer the cursor + // excursion before we snap it back. + let down = mk(POINTER_FLAG_DOWN | POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE | POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT, sx0, sy0); + let mut res = InjectSyntheticPointerInput(dev, &[down]); + let steps = steps.clamp(1, 3); + for i in 1..=steps { + sleep(Duration::from_millis(2)); + let t = i as f64 / steps as f64; + let x = sx0 + ((sx1 - sx0) as f64 * t).round() as i32; + let y = sy0 + ((sy1 - sy0) as f64 * t).round() as i32; + let mv = mk(POINTER_FLAG_UPDATE | POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE | POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT, x, y); + res = res.and(InjectSyntheticPointerInput(dev, &[mv])); + } + sleep(Duration::from_millis(2)); + let up = mk(POINTER_FLAG_UP, sx1, sy1); + res = res.and(InjectSyntheticPointerInput(dev, &[up])); + // Snap the cursor back to where the user left it. The OS processes the + // promoted mouse messages slightly after injection, so a single restore + // right after the `up` can be overrun by that late move — settle briefly, + // then restore, and restore once more to win the race. No-op for + // pointer-aware targets (Chromium) that never moved the cursor. + if have_cpos { + let _ = SetCursorPos(cpos.x, cpos.y); + sleep(Duration::from_millis(12)); + let _ = SetCursorPos(cpos.x, cpos.y); + } + // device intentionally NOT destroyed — see TOUCH_DEV. + res.map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("InjectSyntheticPointerInput(touch drag): {e}"))?; + } + Ok(()) +} + +/// Inject a press-drag-release at **screen** coordinates, routed by the system +/// to whatever window is under the path — without a foreground swap and without +/// moving the user's cursor. This is the background fallback for canvases whose +/// content (Chromium/WPF/GTK) silently drops a PostMessage drag: synthetic-pen +/// input arrives through the system input queue and is accepted directly +/// (Chromium/WPF) or promoted to mouse for legacy Win32. `left` → primary +/// stroke, `right` → barrel-held secondary stroke; the target is held +/// non-activatable + cloaked so any transient raise stays invisible. +pub fn inject_drag_screen( + target: u64, + sx0: i32, + sy0: i32, + sx1: i32, + sy1: i32, + steps: usize, + button: &str, +) -> Result<()> { + let target_h = HWND(target as *mut _); + if let Some(msg) = crate::input::post_message_blocked_by_uipi(target) { + bail!(msg); + } + let barrel = match button { + "left" => false, + "right" => true, + other => bail!("background injection supports left/right buttons only (got {other:?})"), + }; + let prev_fg = unsafe { GetForegroundWindow() }; + // Left drag → touch contact (coordinate-routed). Right/barrel drag has no + // touch equivalent, so fall back to a pen (rare). + let stroke = |()| if barrel { pen_drag(sx0, sy0, sx1, sy1, steps, true) } else { touch_drag(sx0, sy0, sx1, sy1, steps) }; + + // WPF (Wisp input) only PROCESSES injected stylus while it is the ACTIVE + // foreground window — raising it in z while it stays inactive is not enough + // (verified by RE). So for WPF we must briefly activate it (a visible raise + // + focus, which active⇒foreground⇒topmost also un-occludes), inject, then + // restore the user's foreground. Other coordinate-injection targets + // (Chromium/GTK) are pointer-aware and process injection in the background, + // so we hold them non-activatable and only raise them into the topmost band + // to win the hit-test when occluded — no focus steal. + let needs_active = crate::input::dispatch::is_wpf_target_window(target); + if needs_active { + // Break the no-raise contract for WPF: fully raise+activate it for the + // brief moment of the stroke so its Wisp input stack processes the + // injected stylus, then restore the user's window. The machine's + // foreground-lock is dropped (in-memory only) for this window so the + // raise is permitted, and restored immediately afterwards. + let _lock = unsafe { ForegroundLockGuard::disable() }; + unsafe { force_foreground_hard(target_h); } + let r = stroke(()); + unsafe { + if !prev_fg.0.is_null() && prev_fg != target_h { + force_foreground_hard(prev_fg); + } + } + return r; + } + // Chromium/GTK: pointer-aware, process injection in the background — hold + // non-activatable + raise into the topmost band to win the hit-test when + // occluded, no focus steal. + let r = { + let _noact = NoActivateGuard::arm(target_h); + let _guard = unsafe { ZorderGuard::arm(target_h) }; + stroke(()) + }; + unsafe { + if !prev_fg.0.is_null() && prev_fg != target_h { + force_foreground_attached(prev_fg); + } + } + r +} + /// Send `key` (+ optional `modifiers`) to a **background** target via the /// system input queue, with the target cloaked so the brief focus it needs /// never shows as a visible raise. @@ -352,6 +667,7 @@ pub fn inject_key_cloaked(target: u64, key: &str, modifiers: &[&str]) -> Result< bail!(msg); } + let _serial = fg_serialize(); // one cloaked-foreground op at a time (1s ceiling) let prev_fg = unsafe { GetForegroundWindow() }; let cloaked = unsafe { target_h != prev_fg && set_cloak(target_h, true) }; let got_fg = unsafe { force_foreground_attached(target_h) }; @@ -377,3 +693,78 @@ pub fn inject_key_cloaked(target: u64, key: &str, modifiers: &[&str]) -> Result< } result } + +/// Type `text` into a **background** target via real SendInput Unicode +/// keystrokes, cloaked so the brief focus is hidden, then restore foreground. +/// +/// For targets that ignore a posted `WM_CHAR` (WPF, whose TextBox only consumes +/// real keyboard input routed through its own input manager), `post_type_text` +/// silently does nothing. This delivers genuine `KEYEVENTF_UNICODE` keystrokes +/// to the focused control while the target briefly (and invisibly) holds focus. +/// Capability-first: the text is delivered; the focus flicker is hidden and the +/// user's foreground restored. Caller should focus the field first (a prior +/// background click on it) so the keystrokes land in the right control. +pub fn inject_text_cloaked(target: u64, text: &str) -> Result<()> { + let target_h = HWND(target as *mut _); + if target_h.0.is_null() { + bail!("invalid target hwnd"); + } + if let Some(msg) = crate::input::post_message_blocked_by_uipi(target) { + bail!(msg); + } + let _serial = fg_serialize(); // one cloaked-foreground op at a time (1s ceiling) + let prev_fg = unsafe { GetForegroundWindow() }; + let cloaked = unsafe { target_h != prev_fg && set_cloak(target_h, true) }; + let got_fg = unsafe { force_foreground_attached(target_h) }; + + let result = if got_fg { + unsafe { send_unicode(text) } + } else { + crate::input::post_type_text(target, text) + }; + + unsafe { + if !prev_fg.0.is_null() && prev_fg != target_h { + force_foreground_attached(prev_fg); + } + if cloaked { + let _ = set_cloak(target_h, false); + } + } + result +} + +fn key_unicode(unit: u16, up: bool) -> INPUT { + let mut flags = KEYEVENTF_UNICODE; + if up { + flags |= KEYEVENTF_KEYUP; + } + INPUT { + r#type: INPUT_KEYBOARD, + Anonymous: INPUT_0 { + ki: KEYBDINPUT { + wVk: VIRTUAL_KEY(0), + wScan: unit, + dwFlags: flags, + time: 0, + dwExtraInfo: 0, + }, + }, + } +} + +unsafe fn send_unicode(text: &str) -> Result<()> { + let mut ev: Vec<INPUT> = Vec::with_capacity(text.len() * 2); + for u in text.encode_utf16() { + ev.push(key_unicode(u, false)); + ev.push(key_unicode(u, true)); + } + if ev.is_empty() { + return Ok(()); + } + let sent = SendInput(&ev, std::mem::size_of::<INPUT>() as i32); + if sent as usize != ev.len() { + bail!("SendInput typed only {sent} of {} key events", ev.len()); + } + Ok(()) +} diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mod.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mod.rs index 2b0a9f27d5..d1bb662f88 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mod.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mod.rs @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pub mod keyboard; pub mod dispatch; pub mod inject; -pub use inject::{inject_click_screen, inject_key_cloaked, NoActivateGuard}; +pub use inject::{inject_click_screen, inject_key_cloaked, inject_text_cloaked, NoActivateGuard}; pub use mouse::{is_chromium_target_window, post_click, post_click_screen, send_click_synthesized}; pub use keyboard::{ is_xaml_host_hwnd, post_char, post_key, post_type_text, post_type_text_with_delay, diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mouse.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mouse.rs index 8a7cbc2f47..2459ba1640 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mouse.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mouse.rs @@ -166,6 +166,61 @@ pub fn post_drag( Ok(()) } +/// Press-drag-release via PostMessage, resolving the **deepest child** at the +/// drag-start screen point and posting in that child's client coordinates. +/// +/// `post_drag` (above) posts to the top-level frame, so a child-windowed +/// control (a WinForms `Panel`, a Win32 child canvas, …) never sees the drag — +/// the frame gets messages over a region it doesn't own and ignores them. This +/// variant mirrors `post_click`: it hit-tests down to the deepest descendant +/// under the start point and targets that HWND for the whole gesture (a drag +/// stays within one control), with each point converted to the child's own +/// client space. Endpoints are given in **screen** coordinates. +pub fn post_drag_screen( + root: u64, + sx_from: i32, + sy_from: i32, + sx_to: i32, + sy_to: i32, + duration_ms: u64, + steps: usize, + button: &str, +) -> Result<()> { + let root_hwnd = HWND(root as *mut _); + let (target, c_from) = deepest_child(root_hwnd, POINT { x: sx_from, y: sy_from }); + let mut c_to = POINT { x: sx_to, y: sy_to }; + unsafe { let _ = ScreenToClient(target, &mut c_to); } + if let Some(msg) = crate::input::post_message_blocked_by_uipi(target.0 as u64) { + anyhow::bail!(msg); + } + let (down_msg, up_msg, mk_flag) = match button { + "right" => (WM_RBUTTONDOWN, WM_RBUTTONUP, MK_RBUTTON), + "middle" => (WM_MBUTTONDOWN, WM_MBUTTONUP, MK_MBUTTON), + _ => (WM_LBUTTONDOWN, WM_LBUTTONUP, MK_LBUTTON), + }; + let wparam = WPARAM(mk_flag as usize); + let steps = steps.max(1); + let step_delay_ms = if steps > 1 { duration_ms / steps as u64 } else { duration_ms }; + unsafe { + PostMessageW(target, WM_MOUSEMOVE, wparam, make_lparam(c_from.x, c_from.y))?; + PostMessageW(target, down_msg, wparam, make_lparam(c_from.x, c_from.y))?; + } + sleep(Duration::from_millis(CLICK_DELAY_MS)); + for i in 1..=steps { + let t = i as f64 / steps as f64; + let ix = c_from.x + ((c_to.x - c_from.x) as f64 * t).round() as i32; + let iy = c_from.y + ((c_to.y - c_from.y) as f64 * t).round() as i32; + unsafe { PostMessageW(target, WM_MOUSEMOVE, wparam, make_lparam(ix, iy))?; } + if step_delay_ms > 0 { + sleep(Duration::from_millis(step_delay_ms)); + } + } + unsafe { + PostMessageW(target, up_msg, WPARAM(0), make_lparam(c_to.x, c_to.y))?; + } + Ok(()) +} + /// Pack two 16-bit integers into a LPARAM (low word = x, high word = y). fn make_lparam(x: i32, y: i32) -> LPARAM { LPARAM((((y as u16 as u32) << 16) | (x as u16 as u32)) as isize) diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/overlay.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/overlay.rs index 6cff851e57..b96e01d548 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/overlay.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/overlay.rs @@ -564,6 +564,35 @@ unsafe extern "system" fn wnd_proc( .unwrap_or_default() .as_millis() as u64; + // ── Optional overlay-FPS probe ─────────────────────────────────── + // Set CUA_DRIVER_RS_OVERLAY_FPS_FILE=<path> to append a measured + // render-FPS line ~once/sec. Diagnostic only; when the env var is + // unset this is a single OnceLock read + branch (no behaviour change). + { + use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering::Relaxed}; + static FPS_PATH: std::sync::OnceLock<Option<String>> = std::sync::OnceLock::new(); + static FPS_FRAMES: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0); + static FPS_LAST: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0); + if let Some(path) = FPS_PATH.get_or_init(|| std::env::var("CUA_DRIVER_RS_OVERLAY_FPS_FILE").ok()) { + let n = FPS_FRAMES.fetch_add(1, Relaxed) + 1; + let last = FPS_LAST.load(Relaxed); + if last == 0 { + FPS_LAST.store(now_ms, Relaxed); + } else if now_ms.wrapping_sub(last) >= 1000 { + let secs = (now_ms - last) as f64 / 1000.0; + let fps = n as f64 / secs.max(1e-3); + let cursors = RENDER.lock().ok() + .and_then(|g| g.as_ref().map(|m| m.cursors.len())).unwrap_or(0); + if let Ok(mut f) = std::fs::OpenOptions::new().create(true).append(true).open(path) { + use std::io::Write; + let _ = writeln!(f, "overlay fps={fps:.1} avg_dt_ms={:.1} cursors={cursors}", secs * 1000.0 / n as f64); + } + FPS_FRAMES.store(0, Relaxed); + FPS_LAST.store(now_ms, Relaxed); + } + } + } + // ── Drain commands, tick all cursors, composite one pixmap ─────── // Measure real dt from last tick — Windows timer resolution defaults // to 15ms so the hardcoded 8ms ran the animation at half speed. @@ -572,9 +601,11 @@ unsafe extern "system" fn wnd_proc( if let Some(map) = guard.as_mut() { // Drain the channel via get-or-create; track the last-touched // key so the z-order pin follows the most-recent cursor. + let mut drained = 0u32; if let Ok(rx_guard) = CMD_RX_WIN.try_lock() { if let Some(ref rx) = *rx_guard { while let Ok(m) = rx.try_recv() { + drained += 1; if let Some(k) = apply_msg(map, m) { map.last_active = Some(k); } @@ -597,24 +628,6 @@ unsafe extern "system" fn wnd_proc( } } - // Composite every cursor into ONE virtual-screen pixmap. - // tiny-skia fills are alpha-over, so insertion order = - // paint/z-order; idle/hidden cursors early-return inside - // paint_cursor so an idle session costs ~nothing. - let w = map.virt_w.max(1) as u32; - let h = map.virt_h.max(1) as u32; - let mut pm = tiny_skia::Pixmap::new(w.max(1), h.max(1)) - .unwrap_or_else(|| tiny_skia::Pixmap::new(1, 1).unwrap()); - for (_k, rs) in &map.cursors { - cursor_overlay::paint_cursor( - &mut pm, - &rs.core, - map.virt_x as f64, - map.virt_y as f64, - None, // focus-rect is macOS-only - ); - } - // Pin above the most-recently-touched cursor's target. let pinned = map .last_active @@ -622,7 +635,45 @@ unsafe extern "system" fn wnd_proc( .and_then(|k| map.cursors.get(k)) .and_then(|rs| rs.core.pinned_wid); - (Some(pm), arrived, pinned) + // Repaint-gate: compositing a full-virtual-screen pixmap and + // blitting it through UpdateLayeredWindow is the dominant + // per-frame cost (a DIB alloc + full-screen RGBA→BGRA copy + + // GPU blit). Skip it entirely on frames where nothing visibly + // changed — no command arrived, no cursor is mid-glide / + // spring / click-pulse — so a resting overlay costs ~nothing + // instead of burning that blit at the timer rate. One extra + // frame is forced after activity stops (`was_active`) so the + // final resting pose is drawn. + let any_active = map.cursors.values().any(|rs| { + rs.core.path.is_some() || rs.core.spring.is_some() || rs.core.click_t.is_some() + }); + static OVERLAY_WAS_ACTIVE: std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool = + std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(false); + let was_active = OVERLAY_WAS_ACTIVE.swap(any_active, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed); + let pixmap = if drained > 0 || any_active || was_active { + // Composite every cursor into ONE virtual-screen pixmap. + // tiny-skia fills are alpha-over, so insertion order = + // paint/z-order; idle/hidden cursors early-return inside + // paint_cursor so an idle session costs ~nothing. + let w = map.virt_w.max(1) as u32; + let h = map.virt_h.max(1) as u32; + let mut pm = tiny_skia::Pixmap::new(w.max(1), h.max(1)) + .unwrap_or_else(|| tiny_skia::Pixmap::new(1, 1).unwrap()); + for (_k, rs) in &map.cursors { + cursor_overlay::paint_cursor( + &mut pm, + &rs.core, + map.virt_x as f64, + map.virt_y as f64, + None, // focus-rect is macOS-only + ); + } + Some(pm) + } else { + None + }; + + (pixmap, arrived, pinned) } else { (None, Vec::new(), None) } diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs index ef11170d5f..3e424cea45 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs @@ -2471,53 +2471,60 @@ impl Tool for TypeTextTool { // uses, which we've verified works on modern Notepad / WinUI3. // Legacy Win32 stays on the PostMessage path so the no-focus- // steal property is preserved. - if crate::input::is_xaml_host_hwnd(hwnd) { - if let Some(idx) = elem_idx { - let idx = idx as usize; - let state = self.state.clone(); - let text_for_uia = text.clone(); - let result = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || -> anyhow::Result<()> { - let ptr = state.element_cache.get_element_ptr(pid, hwnd, idx) - .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!( - "Element {idx} not in cache — call get_window_state(pid={pid}, window_id={hwnd}) first." - ))?; - use windows::Win32::UI::Accessibility::{ - IUIAutomationElement, IUIAutomationValuePattern, UIA_ValuePatternId, - }; - use windows::core::{Interface, BSTR}; - let elem: IUIAutomationElement = - unsafe { IUIAutomationElement::from_raw(ptr as *mut _) }; - let pattern = unsafe { elem.GetCurrentPattern(UIA_ValuePatternId)? }; - std::mem::forget(elem); + // ── Automatic routing — the caller need not know the framework. ── + // 1. With an element_index, try UIA ValuePattern.SetValue first: it works + // for WPF / WinForms / UWP / XAML and many web inputs, sets the value + // through the accessibility channel (no keystrokes), and the `_noact` + // guard blocks any self-foreground — so it never raises. Auto-falls- + // back to the WM_CHAR path below if the element has no ValuePattern + // (most legacy Win32 EDITs consume WM_CHAR fine without focus steal). + if let Some(idx) = elem_idx { + let idx = idx as usize; + let state = self.state.clone(); + let text_for_uia = text.clone(); + let set_ok = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || -> bool { + let Some(ptr) = state.element_cache.get_element_ptr(pid, hwnd, idx) else { return false; }; + use windows::Win32::UI::Accessibility::{ + IUIAutomationElement, IUIAutomationValuePattern, UIA_ValuePatternId, + }; + use windows::core::{Interface, BSTR}; + let elem: IUIAutomationElement = unsafe { IUIAutomationElement::from_raw(ptr as *mut _) }; + let ok = (|| -> anyhow::Result<()> { + let pattern = unsafe { elem.GetCurrentPattern(UIA_ValuePatternId) }?; let vp: IUIAutomationValuePattern = pattern.cast()?; - unsafe { vp.SetValue(&BSTR::from(text_for_uia.as_str()))? }; + unsafe { vp.SetValue(&BSTR::from(text_for_uia.as_str())) }?; Ok(()) - }).await; - return match result { - Ok(Ok(())) => ToolResult::text(format!( - "✅ Wrote {text_len} char(s) on pid {raw_pid} via UIA ValuePattern \ - (XAML / UWP target, element_index=[{idx}])." - )), - Ok(Err(e)) => ToolResult::error(format!("type_text (UIA path): {e}")), - Err(e) => ToolResult::error(format!("Task error: {e}")), - }; - } else { - // XAML target without element_index: PostMessage will silently - // drop chars. Surface a clear error pointing the agent at the - // right workflow rather than lying with a "✅ Typed" message. - return ToolResult::error(format!( - "type_text on a modern XAML / UWP target (pid {raw_pid}, hwnd {hwnd}) \ - requires `element_index` — its WM_CHAR pipeline ignores PostMessage \ - without keyboard focus. Call `get_window_state(pid={raw_pid}, \ - window_id={hwnd})` to enumerate elements, then re-call \ - `type_text(pid, window_id, element_index, text)`. Or call \ - `set_value(pid, window_id, element_index, value)` directly — same \ - UIA backend." + })().is_ok(); + std::mem::forget(elem); + ok + }).await.unwrap_or(false); + if set_ok { + return ToolResult::text(format!( + "✅ Wrote {text_len} char(s) on pid {raw_pid} via UIA ValuePattern (element_index=[{idx}])." )); } + // ValuePattern unavailable → fall through to the WM_CHAR path. } - // Legacy Win32 path — PostMessage WM_CHAR, no focus steal. + // 2. No element_index on a WPF target: WM_CHAR is dropped and there's no + // element to SetValue, so deliver real keystrokes via the cloaked- + // focus path (capability-first; the brief focus is hidden, foreground + // restored). Supplying an element_index (path 1) is preferred and + // never raises. + if elem_idx.is_none() && crate::input::dispatch::is_wpf_target_window(hwnd) { + drop(_noact); + let text2 = text.clone(); + let r = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || crate::input::inject_text_cloaked(hwnd, &text2)).await; + return match r { + Ok(Ok(())) => ToolResult::text(format!( + "✅ Typed {text_len} char(s) on pid {raw_pid} via SendInput (WPF, cloaked focus)." + )), + Ok(Err(e)) => ToolResult::error(e.to_string()), + Err(e) => ToolResult::error(format!("Task error: {e}")), + }; + } + + // 3. Legacy Win32 / GDI / Chromium-IME — PostMessage WM_CHAR, no focus steal. let result = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || { crate::input::post_type_text(hwnd, &text) }).await; @@ -2960,6 +2967,17 @@ impl Tool for SetValueTool { None => return ToolResult::error("Missing required string field value."), }; + // No-raise guard: a WPF/XAML automation peer calls UIElement.Focus() → + // SetForegroundWindow during ValuePattern.SetValue. WS_EX_NOACTIVATE on + // the target makes that a no-op while the value is still set, so a + // background SetValue can't steal the user's foreground. Held across the + // whole write. (No-op for dispatch:"foreground".) + let _noact = if crate::input::dispatch::DispatchMode::from_args(&args) + != crate::input::dispatch::DispatchMode::Foreground + { + Some(crate::input::NoActivateGuard::arm(windows::Win32::Foundation::HWND(hwnd as *mut _))) + } else { None }; + // Glide the agent cursor onto the target element before writing its // value, so a value write gets the same visual feedback as a click — // the viewer can see *where* the agent is acting. No-op when the @@ -3630,7 +3648,7 @@ impl Tool for DragTool { }) } async fn invoke(&self, args: Value) -> ToolResult { - use crate::input::dispatch::{DispatchMode, EventKind, background_unavailable_error}; + use crate::input::dispatch::{DispatchMode, EventKind}; // Swift error wording 1:1. let raw_pid = match args.get("pid").and_then(|v| v.as_i64()) { Some(p) => p, @@ -3693,11 +3711,43 @@ impl Tool for DragTool { let (sx_from, sy_from) = bitmap_to_screen(hwnd, from_x as i32, from_y as i32); let (sx_to, sy_to) = bitmap_to_screen(hwnd, to_x as i32, to_y as i32); - // dispatch:"background" — refuse if PostMessage drag would silently drop. + // dispatch:"background" — if a PostMessage drag would silently drop + // (Chromium/WPF/GTK canvas content reads mouse from the system input + // queue, not the per-window queue), fall back to coordinate-routed + // synthetic-pen drag injection instead of refusing. No foreground swap, + // no cursor move; the target is held non-activatable + cloaked for the + // stroke (mirrors the click pen path). if dispatch == DispatchMode::Background && crate::input::dispatch::would_be_silently_dropped(hwnd, EventKind::MouseClick) { - return background_unavailable_error(hwnd, EventKind::MouseClick); + let target = hwnd; + let btn = button.clone(); + pin_overlay_above(&cursor_key, hwnd); + overlay_glide_to(&cursor_key, sx_from as f64, sy_from as f64).await; + crate::overlay::send_command(cursor_key.clone(), cursor_overlay::OverlayCommand::ClickPulse { + x: sx_from as f64, y: sy_from as f64, + }); + let inj = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || { + crate::input::inject::inject_drag_screen( + target, sx_from, sy_from, sx_to, sy_to, steps.max(8), &btn, + ) + }) + .await; + return match inj { + Ok(Ok(())) => { + overlay_glide_to(&cursor_key, sx_to as f64, sy_to as f64).await; + crate::overlay::send_command(cursor_key.clone(), cursor_overlay::OverlayCommand::ClickPulse { + x: sx_to as f64, y: sy_to as f64, + }); + ToolResult::text(format!( + "✅ Sent drag via synthetic-pen injection on pid {raw_pid} \ + from screen ({sx_from},{sy_from}) → ({sx_to},{sy_to}) \ + (dispatch:background, PostMessage would have been dropped)." + )) + } + Ok(Err(e)) => ToolResult::error(e.to_string()), + Err(e) => ToolResult::error(format!("Task error: {e}")), + }; } // dispatch:"foreground" — SendInput-based drag. Required for WPF // Slider thumbs (and any framework that polls GetKeyState during @@ -3751,10 +3801,13 @@ impl Tool for DragTool { let button_c = button.clone(); let result = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || { - crate::input::mouse::post_drag( + // Screen-coord, deepest-child variant: routes the gesture to the + // child control under the start point (e.g. a WinForms Panel), + // not the top-level frame that would ignore it. + crate::input::mouse::post_drag_screen( hwnd, - from_x as i32, from_y as i32, - to_x as i32, to_y as i32, + sx_from, sy_from, + sx_to, sy_to, duration_ms, steps, &button_c, ) }).await; @@ -3961,7 +4014,7 @@ impl Tool for SetAgentCursorMotionTool { Motion curve (Bezier):\n\ - arc_size: perpendicular deflection as fraction of path length [0,1]. Default 0.25\n\ - spring: settle damping [0.3,1.0]; 1.0=no overshoot. Default 0.72\n\ - - glide_duration_ms: flight duration per move [50,5000]. Default 160\n\ + - glide_duration_ms: fixed flight duration per move [50,5000]; omit for speed-based (the default)\n\ - dwell_after_click_ms: pause after click ripple [0,5000]. Default 80\n\ - idle_hide_ms: auto-hide delay [0,60000]; 0=never. Default 20000".into(), input_schema: json!({ @@ -3977,7 +4030,7 @@ impl Tool for SetAgentCursorMotionTool { "arc_size":{"type":"number","description":"Arc deflection as fraction of path length [0,1]. Default 0.25."}, "arc_flow":{"type":"number","description":"Asymmetry bias [-1,1]. Default 0.0."}, "spring":{"type":"number","description":"Settle damping [0.3,1.0]. Default 0.72."}, - "glide_duration_ms":{"type":"number","minimum":50,"maximum":5000,"description":"Flight duration per move in ms. Default 160."}, + "glide_duration_ms":{"type":"number","minimum":50,"maximum":5000,"description":"Fixed flight duration per move in ms; omit for speed-based timing (the default)."}, "dwell_after_click_ms":{"type":"number","minimum":0,"maximum":5000,"description":"Pause after click ripple in ms. Default 80."}, "idle_hide_ms":{"type":"number","minimum":0,"maximum":60000,"description":"Auto-hide delay in ms. 0=never. Default 20000."} },"additionalProperties":false diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md b/libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md index 4bf6a6f06f..01ee0573bf 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md @@ -33,6 +33,27 @@ daemon were killed mid-action, and (2) it's **ineffective** — our own injected posted input legitimizes the target's foreground claim, so the steal happens even under a maxed lock. `WS_EX_NOACTIVATE` is categorical and per-window; use it. +### Typing — automatic, no-raise routing +`type_text` picks the right delivery on its own (the caller never specifies a +framework): +1. **With an `element_index`** → try UIA `ValuePattern.SetValue` first. This sets + the value through the accessibility channel (no keystrokes) and, under the + `NoActivateGuard` (`WS_EX_NOACTIVATE`), a WPF/XAML automation peer's + `UIElement.Focus()`→`SetForegroundWindow` is denied — so WPF/WinForms/UWP and + many web inputs receive the text **with no foreground steal and no SendInput** + (RE-verified: text lands, foreground unchanged). Auto-falls-back to WM_CHAR if + the element has no ValuePattern. +2. **Legacy Win32 / GDI / Chromium-IME** → `PostMessage(WM_CHAR)` (no focus steal). +3. **WPF without an `element_index`** → cloaked-focus `SendInput` Unicode + keystrokes (capability-first; brief hidden focus). Supplying an `element_index` + (path 1) is preferred and never raises. + +`set_value` arms the same `NoActivateGuard`, so a background UIA value-write never +raises. The cloaked-`SendInput` paths (`inject_text_cloaked`, `inject_key_cloaked`) +are serialized by a global lock with a **1-second auto-expiry**, so concurrent +sessions can't garble the shared input queue or race the foreground restore, and +a stuck holder can never deadlock the others. + ### Keyboard accelerators — capability-first, UX best-effort Plain **text** typing is fully background-free via `WM_CHAR` (no focus needed). Keyboard **accelerators / key-combos** (Ctrl+S, Ctrl+A) need the target focused From fdee125cb9011645526728b3d77c139d0bf2458a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dillon DuPont <ddupont@mit.edu> Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2026 10:00:57 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 04/10] =?UTF-8?q?demo(cua-driver-rs)(windows):=20CUA=20Juk?= =?UTF-8?q?ebox=20=E2=80=94=20MIDI-driven=20multi-cursor=20computer-use?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit A grid of miniwob-style minigame windows, one per MIDI track, each actuated by its own coloured cua-driver agent cursor in the background — the click is what triggers the sound. One cursor per part, one colour per agent, off a single clock: coordinated multi-cursor computer-use as music. - jukebox-app: one Win32/GDI binary, two modes. Controller = a 600x80 transport bar (white "CUA JUKEBOX", a single ▶/⏸ icon toggle, track-colour swatches, playhead; accepts a .mid drop). Instrument = a 200x160 borderless tile: a pitch strip (click-X = semitone, fitted per-track so wide ranges aren't clamped), a kick/snare/hat drum pad (MIDI ch.10 → zones), or a brightness pad. Each owns a rodio synth voice (sine/square/saw/triangle + drum waves) so notes mix at the OS mixer. Double-buffered, region-clipped repaints. - orchestrator: parses a .mid (midly) or a built-in demo loop, infers each track's voice from its name, lays out the grid, and pins each track to a fixed-duration glide. Per-track cursor POOLS grow to the same colour when notes fall within the glide window (chords / fast lines fan out). Drives every note over a persistent per-voice named-pipe connection to the daemon (no per-note process spawn), with a per-voice adaptive lead (EMA) that tracks the measured actuation error to ~0 median; reports the timing diff at song end. PLAY/PAUSE/STOP; dropping a .mid re-execs the demo onto that track. 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+1,190 @@ +# CUA Jukebox — coordinated multi-cursor computer-use, as music + +A MIDI file (or a built-in demo song) becomes a **grid of miniwob-style +minigame windows** — one per track. Each window gets its **own cua-driver +session = its own uniquely-coloured agent cursor**. While the song plays, every +note steers that track's cursor onto its widget and **clicks it in the +background** — and the click is what makes the sound. One cursor per part, one +colour per agent, all driven off a single clock: the dumbest possible orchestra, +performed entirely by background computer-use. + +It's the native-windows sibling of the multi-cursor "National Records System" +demo: same no-z-raise, no-real-mouse-movement background actuation, but here the +*timing* is the point. + +``` +┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ +│ CUA JUKEBOX — Transport ▶ PLAY ███████░░░░░░░░ │ ← you click PLAY +├──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬────┤ +│ Bass ◣crimson│ Kick ◣amber │ Hat ◣aqua │ Pad ◣mint │ … │ +│ [pitch strip] │ [ KICK pad ] │ [ HAT pad ] │ [pitch strip]│ │ ← one agent +│ │ │ │ │ │ cursor each +└──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴────┘ +``` + +## What each window is + +| Window | Role | Widget | cursor actuation | +|---|---|---|---| +| Transport (controller) | foreground; the one human action | real Win32 `PLAY/STOP` button + playhead | you click it | +| Kick / Snare / Hat | drum pad | one big pad; any click = a fixed hit | background click → drum voice | +| Bass / Lead / Pad / Arp / … | melodic | a **pitch strip**: the click's X selects the semitone | background click → that pitch | + +Each instrument owns its **own `rodio` output stream**, so notes from the +separate instrument processes mix at the OS mixer — genuine polyphony across the +whole fleet. The track's name picks its minigame + synth voice (kick/snare/hat → +pad; bass/lead/pad/arp/… → pitch strip), mirroring the original HTML jukebox's +`inferKind`. + +**Visual feedback:** a melodic strip lights the struck **key**, and each press +fades on its own clock — so a chord lights several keys at once, individually. A +drum pad instead has a single **brightness that gets an impulse per hit and +constantly fades**, so the faster it's triggered the brighter it glows. + +## Cursor pools (one colour, many hands) + +A track normally has one cursor, but a cursor is "busy" for the whole click — +the glide **plus** dispatch (≈ glide + 130 ms). When a track's notes fall closer +together than that — a **chord** (simultaneous), or just a line faster than one +cursor can service at the current glide — the first cursor is still busy, so the +next free cursor in the track's **pool** takes the note, and the pool grows on +demand (try the first, else the next, else spawn one; capped at 6). Every pool +member is forced to the **same colour**, so a triad fans out into three +identically-coloured cursors stabbing three keys at once, and a fast hi-hat line +splits across two. Sizing the pool to the *real* click duration (not just the +glide) is what keeps every cursor on the beat — otherwise one cursor would fall +progressively behind on a track whose notes outpace its glide. The built-in demo +plays Pad triads and dense hats/arps to show this. Slow / sparse tracks keep one +cursor. Each pool cursor is its own cua-driver session + its own persistent +connection + its own thread, so they actuate concurrently. + +## How the timing stays on the beat + +A background click only makes its sound once the cursor has *glided onto* the +widget and tapped it, so the actuation lags the dispatch. Three things make it +land on the beat anyway: + +1. **Fixed-duration glide.** Every cursor is pinned to a known, constant flight + time via `set_agent_cursor_motion {"glide_duration_ms": 200}` — so a 3-pixel + nudge and a cross-strip leap both arrive in the same 200 ms, making the + latency *predictable enough to sequence*. + + > `glide_duration_ms` is honoured identically on macOS, Windows, and Linux — + > it lives in the shared cursor-overlay render core (`tick_motion` / + > `tick_swift_constants`). `0` (the default) keeps the original speed-based + > glide; any value `50–5000` forces that fixed flight time. No platform drift. + +2. **Persistent daemon connection.** The orchestrator holds **one named-pipe + connection per voice** to `cua-driver serve` and pipelines every click over + it — no `cua-driver call` *process spawn per note*. That spawn (tens of ms, + wildly variable) was the original timing-jitter source; removing it dropped + the per-note jitter from **sd ≈ 490 ms → ≈ 35 ms**. + +3. **Per-voice adaptive lead + throughput-sized pools + 1 ms timer.** Each click + is fired early by an adaptive lead (a per-voice EMA tuned from the measured + error, warm-started at the dispatch overhead) so the mean error → 0 without + one congested track skewing another. Pools are sized to the real click + duration (see above) so no single cursor outruns its glide. The system timer + is raised to 1 ms so `thread::sleep` schedules each click precisely. **And the + daemon must be built `--release`** — the overlay's per-frame pixel pipeline is + ~5× slower in debug (≈12 fps vs ≈60 fps under the full demo), and a slow + overlay = late, jittery glide-arrivals. + +The orchestrator **tracks the diff** itself: it records `(actual − scheduled)` +for every note and prints a report at song end, e.g. + +``` +[timing] n=256 mean=-4.0ms |mean|=19.4ms sd=35.8ms median=-0.8ms p10=-36 p90=+20 max=138 +``` + +i.e. notes land on the beat to a sub-millisecond median with ~35 ms of jitter +(about as tight as a human drummer), with a 200 ms glide. Tune with env vars: +`JUKEBOX_GLIDE_MS` (default 200) and `JUKEBOX_LEAD_MS` (defaults to the glide, +the initial per-voice pre-roll the adaptive correction refines from). + +## Build + +```powershell +# from this directory +cargo build +# Build the driver RELEASE — the cursor overlay composites a full-virtual-screen +# bitmap (RGBA→BGRA) and blits it every frame, which is ~5× slower unoptimized. +# Debug: ~12 fps overlay under the full demo; release: ~60 fps (vsync-capped). +cargo build -p cua-driver --release --manifest-path ..\..\libs\cua-driver\rust\Cargo.toml +$env:CUA_DRIVER_EXE = "..\..\libs\cua-driver\rust\target\release\cua-driver.exe" +``` + +## Run + +```powershell +.\target\debug\jukebox-orchestrator.exe # then click ▶ PLAY in the Transport window +.\target\debug\jukebox-orchestrator.exe --auto # self-starts after warmup +.\target\debug\jukebox-orchestrator.exe song.mid # drive any multitrack .mid (best with named tracks) +.\target\debug\jukebox-orchestrator.exe song.mid --auto +``` + +The orchestrator reaps any stale daemon, starts `cua-driver serve`, launches the +Transport + one instrument window per track, tiles them (a 600×80 bar over a grid +of 200×160 tiles), arms one coloured fixed-glide cursor pool per track, and on +**PLAY** fans beat-synced background clicks out to every instrument. Press **Esc** +on the Transport (or Ctrl-C the orchestrator) to tear everything down — a Windows +Job Object kills the whole tree. + +## Bring your own song (MIDI) + +- **Drag a `.mid` onto `jukebox-orchestrator.exe`** in Explorer — Windows passes + it as the argument, so the file becomes the song. +- …or pass it on the command line: `jukebox-orchestrator.exe path\to\song.mid`. + +It works best with **multitrack files that have named tracks** — the visualizer +reads each track's name to pick its minigame + voice (`kick`/`snare`/`hat` → drum +pad; `bass`/`lead`/`pad`/`arp`/`string`/… → pitch strip), and an unnamed track +falls back to a sine pitch-strip. General-MIDI pop/electronic arrangements (one +instrument per track, a drum track, a bass, a couple of leads/pads) map cleanly; +chords on a track fan out into that track's same-colour cursor pool. + +Where to find MIDIs (always check each file's own licence): +- **Open / Creative-Commons** score libraries — [Mutopia Project](https://www.mutopiaproject.org/), + [kunstderfuge](https://creativecommons.org/2008/03/07/kunstderfuge/) (CC BY-NC-SA), + the [Classical Piano MIDI Page](http://piano-midi.de/copy.htm) (CC BY-SA) — these + skew classical but are cleanly licensed and well-separated into tracks. +- **CC audio search**: [Openverse](https://openverse.org/) and the + [Free Music Archive](https://freemusicarchive.org/curator/Creative_Commons/). +- **Large general archives** (free downloads; licensing varies per file, so use for + personal/demo use): BitMidi (`bitmidi.com`), MidiWorld (`midiworld.com`), + FreeMidi (`freemidi.org`) — good for finding multitrack electronic/pop tracks. + +No `.mid`? The built-in generated 8-bar electronic loop (the default) is tuned to +exercise every part of the visualizer — drums, a bass line, an arp, and Pad +triads that show the cursor pool. + +### Env overrides +`CUA_DRIVER_EXE`, `JUKEBOX_APP_EXE`, `JUKEBOX_GLIDE_MS` (default 200), +`JUKEBOX_LEAD_MS` (defaults to the glide). Set +`CUA_DRIVER_RS_OVERLAY_FPS_FILE=<path>` (read by the daemon) to log the agent +cursor overlay's measured render FPS once a second. + +## How the coloured cursors work + +Each track's session is a **cua-driver palette name** (`crimson`, `amber`, +`aqua`, `mint_lime`, `orchid`, …), so its overlay cursor renders in that palette +automatically (`Palette::for_instance(session)`) — the same trick the +multi-cursor demo uses. The instrument window's accent and the Transport legend +reuse that palette's colour, so the cursor, its window, and the legend all read +as one colour. (`cursor_color` on `set_agent_cursor_motion` only records a value; +it doesn't repaint the overlay — true on macOS and Windows alike — so we key by +palette name instead.) + +## Honest caveats + +- **Timing is groove-tight (median ~0 ms, jitter ~30 ms), not sample-accurate.** + The residual jitter is the overlay render tick (~8 ms) + OS scheduling. Under + heavy system load the daemon's single overlay render thread can starve, which + shows up as occasional multi-hundred-ms outliers on dense tracks; on an idle + machine all notes land in the ±30 ms band. +- **MIDI parsing uses a single tempo** (first tempo event wins) and ignores + channel/program data — instrument inference leans on track names. Untitled + tracks default to a sine pitch-strip. +- Up to **9 tracks** (one per cua-driver palette); extra tracks are dropped. +- Audio needs a default output device; with none, instruments still flash + silently. diff --git a/demo/jukebox/app/Cargo.toml b/demo/jukebox/app/Cargo.toml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e92d2721f --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/jukebox/app/Cargo.toml @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +[package] +name = "jukebox-app" +version = "0.1.0" +edition = "2021" + +[[bin]] +name = "jukebox-app" +path = "src/main.rs" + +[dependencies] +# Each instrument window owns its own audio output, so concurrent notes from +# separate processes mix at the OS mixer — genuine multi-process polyphony. +rodio = { version = "0.17", default-features = false } +windows = { version = "0.58", features = [ + "Win32_Foundation", + "Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging", + "Win32_UI_Shell", + "Win32_Graphics_Gdi", + "Win32_System_LibraryLoader", +] } diff --git a/demo/jukebox/app/src/main.rs b/demo/jukebox/app/src/main.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c3d149d6d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/jukebox/app/src/main.rs @@ -0,0 +1,604 @@ +//! "CUA JUKEBOX" — one window per part of a song, each a tiny miniwob-style +//! minigame that an agent cursor actuates in time with the music. This binary +//! is BOTH window kinds the demo launches: +//! +//! controller — the transport: a big PLAY/STOP button (a real Win32 control +//! the human clicks), a track list, and a playhead. Emits +//! `PLAY` / `STOP` on stdout for the orchestrator to react to. +//! +//! instrument — one minigame + its own synth voice. When something clicks +//! the widget (the orchestrator drives these via cua-driver in +//! the background), the window plays its note and flashes. Two +//! widget kinds: +//! pad — a single drum pad; any click = a fixed hit. +//! keys — a pitch strip; the click's X selects the semitone, +//! so the orchestrator "plays a melody" by choosing +//! where on the strip each note lands. +//! +//! Every instrument owns its own `rodio` output stream, so notes from the +//! separate instrument processes mix at the OS audio mixer — real polyphony +//! across the whole coordinated fleet. + +#![windows_subsystem = "windows"] + +use std::cell::RefCell; +use std::f32::consts::PI; +use std::io::Write; +use std::time::Instant; + +use windows::core::{w, PCWSTR}; +use windows::Win32::Foundation::{COLORREF, HINSTANCE, HWND, LPARAM, LRESULT, RECT, WPARAM}; +use windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::{ + BeginPaint, BitBlt, CreateCompatibleBitmap, CreateCompatibleDC, CreateFontW, CreateSolidBrush, + DeleteDC, DeleteObject, DrawTextW, EndPaint, FillRect, FrameRect, InvalidateRect, SelectObject, + SetBkMode, SetTextColor, DT_CENTER, DT_LEFT, DT_SINGLELINE, DT_VCENTER, HBRUSH, HFONT, + PAINTSTRUCT, SRCCOPY, TRANSPARENT, +}; +use windows::Win32::System::LibraryLoader::GetModuleHandleW; +use windows::Win32::UI::Shell::{DragAcceptFiles, DragFinish, DragQueryFileW, HDROP}; +use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::*; + +// ── widget geometry (client fractions) — MUST match orchestrator's targets ──── +const WX0: f64 = 0.06; // widget left +const WX1: f64 = 0.94; // widget right +const WY0: f64 = 0.34; // widget top +const WY1: f64 = 0.92; // widget bottom +const KEYS_SPAN: i32 = 24; // semitones across a `keys` strip (2 octaves) + +// ── synth ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── +#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)] +enum Wave { Sine, Square, Saw, Triangle, Kick, Snare, Hat } + +impl Wave { + fn parse(s: &str) -> Wave { + match s { + "sine" => Wave::Sine, + "square" => Wave::Square, + "saw" => Wave::Saw, + "triangle" => Wave::Triangle, + "kick" => Wave::Kick, + "snare" => Wave::Snare, + "hat" => Wave::Hat, + _ => Wave::Sine, + } + } +} + +fn midi_to_freq(m: f32) -> f32 { 440.0 * 2f32.powf((m - 69.0) / 12.0) } + +/// A short enveloped oscillator. One per note; rodio mixes overlapping ones. +struct Tone { + sr: u32, + idx: u32, + total: u32, + phase: f32, + wave: Wave, + amp: f32, + f0: f32, // start frequency + f1: f32, // end frequency (0 = no pitch sweep) + rng: u32, // xorshift noise state + prev_noise: f32, +} + +impl Tone { + fn note(wave: Wave, freq: f32, vel: f32) -> Tone { + let sr = 44_100u32; + let v = (vel / 127.0).clamp(0.05, 1.0); + let (dur, amp, f0, f1) = match wave { + Wave::Kick => (0.20, 0.55 * v, 155.0, 48.0), + Wave::Snare => (0.18, 0.34 * v, 180.0, 0.0), + Wave::Hat => (0.05, 0.24 * v, 9000.0, 0.0), + _ => (0.34, 0.17 * v, freq, 0.0), + }; + Tone { + sr, + idx: 0, + total: (dur * sr as f32) as u32, + phase: 0.0, + wave, + amp, + f0, + f1, + rng: 0x9E37_79B9 ^ (freq as u32).wrapping_mul(2654435761), + prev_noise: 0.0, + } + } + fn noise(&mut self) -> f32 { + // xorshift32 + let mut x = self.rng; + x ^= x << 13; + x ^= x >> 17; + x ^= x << 5; + self.rng = x; + (x as f32 / u32::MAX as f32) * 2.0 - 1.0 + } +} + +impl Iterator for Tone { + type Item = f32; + fn next(&mut self) -> Option<f32> { + if self.idx >= self.total { return None; } + let dur = self.total as f32 / self.sr as f32; + let t = self.idx as f32 / self.sr as f32; + let p = self.idx as f32 / self.total as f32; + let atk = 0.004; + let env = if t < atk { t / atk } else { (1.0 - (t - atk) / (dur - atk)).max(0.0).powf(1.6) }; + let freq = if self.f1 > 0.0 { self.f0 * (self.f1 / self.f0).powf(p) } else { self.f0 }; + self.phase += 2.0 * PI * freq / self.sr as f32; + if self.phase > 2.0 * PI { self.phase -= 2.0 * PI; } + let osc = match self.wave { + Wave::Sine | Wave::Kick => self.phase.sin(), + Wave::Square => if self.phase.sin() >= 0.0 { 1.0 } else { -1.0 }, + Wave::Saw => self.phase / PI - 1.0, + Wave::Triangle => (2.0 / PI) * self.phase.sin().asin(), + Wave::Snare => { let n = self.noise(); 0.7 * n + 0.3 * self.phase.sin() } + Wave::Hat => { let n = self.noise(); let hp = n - self.prev_noise; self.prev_noise = n; hp } + }; + self.idx += 1; + Some(osc * env * self.amp) + } +} + +impl rodio::Source for Tone { + fn current_frame_len(&self) -> Option<usize> { None } + fn channels(&self) -> u16 { 1 } + fn sample_rate(&self) -> u32 { self.sr } + fn total_duration(&self) -> Option<std::time::Duration> { None } +} + +// ── state ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── +#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)] +enum Mode { Controller, Instrument } + +#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)] +enum Kind { Pad, Keys, Drums } + +/// One note actuation's fading highlight. `key` is the strip cell it lit (-1 for +/// a drum pad); `inten` fades 1→0 and `age` grows so a pad press expands an +/// outward ring. Each pulse fades on its own clock, so overlapping presses stay +/// individually visible. +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct Pulse { key: i32, inten: f32, age: f32 } + +struct Audio { + _stream: rodio::OutputStream, + handle: rodio::OutputStreamHandle, +} + +struct State { + mode: Mode, + cw: i32, + ch: i32, + accent: COLORREF, + accent_rgb: (u8, u8, u8), + label: String, + f_title: HFONT, + f_label: HFONT, + f_big: HFONT, + + // instrument + kind: Kind, + wave: Wave, + root: f32, + /// Semitones the pitch strip spans (fit to the track's range by the + /// orchestrator) — keys mapping + cell count use this, not the constant. + span: i32, + /// Melodic strips: recent note actuations, each fading on its own clock so + /// a chord fanned across the pool lights several keys at once, individually. + pulses: Vec<Pulse>, + /// Drum pads: a single brightness that constantly fades and gets an impulse + /// on each hit — so the faster you trigger it, the brighter it glows. + pad_glow: f32, + /// Drum kits: one such brightness per kick/snare/hat zone. + zone_glow: [f32; 3], + hits: u32, + audio: Option<Audio>, + + // controller + bpm: u32, + dur_ms: u64, + tracks: Vec<(String, COLORREF)>, + hbtn: HWND, + playing: bool, + play_start: Option<Instant>, + /// Song time (ms) already elapsed in finished segments — frozen while paused + /// so the playhead (and the orchestrator's resume offset) hold position. + accum_ms: u64, +} + +thread_local! { static STATE: RefCell<Option<State>> = const { RefCell::new(None) }; } + +const ID_PLAY: isize = 2001; +// Single transport button is an icon: ▶ when stopped/paused, ⏸ while playing. +const ICON_PLAY: PCWSTR = w!("▶"); +const ICON_PAUSE: PCWSTR = w!("⏸"); + +fn emit(line: &str) { let _ = writeln!(std::io::stdout(), "{line}"); let _ = std::io::stdout().flush(); } +fn wide(s: &str) -> Vec<u16> { s.encode_utf16().chain(std::iter::once(0)).collect() } +fn arg(args: &[String], flag: &str) -> Option<String> { + args.iter().position(|a| a == flag).and_then(|i| args.get(i + 1).cloned()) +} +fn parse_color(s: &str) -> (COLORREF, (u8, u8, u8)) { + let h = s.trim_start_matches('#'); + let v = u32::from_str_radix(h, 16).unwrap_or(0x00FFFF); + let (r, g, b) = (((v >> 16) & 255) as u8, ((v >> 8) & 255) as u8, (v & 255) as u8); + (COLORREF(((b as u32) << 16) | ((g as u32) << 8) | r as u32), (r, g, b)) +} +fn rgb(r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) -> COLORREF { COLORREF(((b as u32) << 16) | ((g as u32) << 8) | r as u32) } +fn mix(a: (u8, u8, u8), b: (u8, u8, u8), t: f32) -> COLORREF { + let f = |x: u8, y: u8| (x as f32 + (y as f32 - x as f32) * t) as u8; + rgb(f(a.0, b.0), f(a.1, b.1), f(a.2, b.2)) +} +fn fr(cw: i32, ch: i32, l: f64, t: f64, r: f64, b: f64) -> RECT { + RECT { left: (cw as f64 * l) as i32, top: (ch as f64 * t) as i32, + right: (cw as f64 * r) as i32, bottom: (ch as f64 * b) as i32 } +} +unsafe fn mk_font(h: i32, w: i32, face: PCWSTR) -> HFONT { CreateFontW(h, 0, 0, 0, w, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, face) } + +fn main() { + let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().collect(); + let mode = if args.get(1).map(|s| s.as_str()) == Some("controller") { Mode::Controller } else { Mode::Instrument }; + let title = arg(&args, "--title").unwrap_or_else(|| "JUKEBOX".into()); + let (accent, accent_rgb) = parse_color(&arg(&args, "--color").unwrap_or_else(|| "#3bd0ff".into())); + let label = arg(&args, "--label").unwrap_or_else(|| "PART".into()); + let kind = match arg(&args, "--kind").as_deref() { + Some("keys") => Kind::Keys, + Some("drums") => Kind::Drums, + _ => Kind::Pad, + }; + let wave = Wave::parse(&arg(&args, "--wave").unwrap_or_else(|| "sine".into())); + let root: f32 = arg(&args, "--root").and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(48.0); + let span: i32 = arg(&args, "--span").and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(KEYS_SPAN).clamp(1, 96); + let bpm: u32 = arg(&args, "--bpm").and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(120); + let dur_ms: u64 = arg(&args, "--dur-ms").and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(16000); + let tracks: Vec<(String, COLORREF)> = arg(&args, "--tracks").map(|s| s.split(',') + .filter_map(|t| { let mut it = t.splitn(2, '|'); Some((it.next()?.to_string(), parse_color(it.next().unwrap_or("#888")).0)) }) + .collect()).unwrap_or_default(); + + let audio = if mode == Mode::Instrument { + rodio::OutputStream::try_default().ok().map(|(s, h)| Audio { _stream: s, handle: h }) + } else { None }; + + unsafe { + let hmod = GetModuleHandleW(None).unwrap(); + let class = w!("CuaJukeboxWindow"); + let bg = CreateSolidBrush(rgb(0x0b, 0x0c, 0x12)); + let wc = WNDCLASSW { lpfnWndProc: Some(wnd_proc), hInstance: hmod.into(), lpszClassName: class, + hbrBackground: bg, hCursor: LoadCursorW(None, IDC_ARROW).unwrap_or_default(), ..Default::default() }; + RegisterClassW(&wc); + + STATE.with(|s| *s.borrow_mut() = Some(State { + mode, cw: 0, ch: 0, accent, accent_rgb, label, + f_title: HFONT::default(), f_label: HFONT::default(), f_big: HFONT::default(), + kind, wave, root, span, pulses: Vec::new(), pad_glow: 0.0, zone_glow: [0.0; 3], hits: 0, audio, + bpm, dur_ms, tracks, hbtn: HWND::default(), + playing: false, play_start: None, accum_ms: 0, + })); + + let tw = wide(&title); + // Fixed sizes the orchestrator also lays out against: a thin 600×80 + // transport bar, and tight 200×160 instrument tiles. Borderless + // (WS_POPUP) so the tiles pack together with no caption/frame — the + // whole client is the visualizer. (Esc on the focused transport quits.) + let (dw, dh) = if mode == Mode::Controller { (600, 80) } else { (200, 160) }; + let hwnd = CreateWindowExW(WINDOW_EX_STYLE(0), class, PCWSTR(tw.as_ptr()), WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE, + CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, dw, dh, None, None, HINSTANCE(hmod.0), None).expect("CreateWindowExW"); + let _ = ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL); + SetTimer(hwnd, 1, 40, None); // ~25fps: glow fade / playhead (region-clipped) + + let mut msg = MSG::default(); + while GetMessageW(&mut msg, None, 0, 0).as_bool() { let _ = TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessageW(&msg); } + } +} + +unsafe fn relayout(hwnd: HWND, cw: i32, ch: i32) { + STATE.with(|s| { + let mut b = s.borrow_mut(); let Some(st) = b.as_mut() else { return }; + st.cw = cw; st.ch = ch; + for f in [st.f_title, st.f_label, st.f_big] { if !f.is_invalid() { let _ = DeleteObject(f); } } + let seg = wide("Segoe UI"); let mono = wide("Consolas"); + st.f_title = mk_font(-(ch / 16).clamp(14, 30), 800, PCWSTR(seg.as_ptr())); + st.f_label = mk_font(-(ch / 26).clamp(11, 18), 500, PCWSTR(mono.as_ptr())); + st.f_big = mk_font(-(ch / 9).clamp(20, 64), 800, PCWSTR(seg.as_ptr())); + if st.mode == Mode::Controller && !st.hbtn.0.is_null() { + // Thin transport bar: one small square icon button at the left edge, + // leaving room for the title. Big font so the ▶ / ⏸ glyph reads. + let r = fr(cw, ch, 0.012, 0.16, 0.085, 0.84); + let _ = MoveWindow(st.hbtn, r.left, r.top, r.right - r.left, r.bottom - r.top, true); + SendMessageW(st.hbtn, WM_SETFONT, WPARAM(st.f_big.0 as usize), LPARAM(1)); + } + }); + let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, None, true); +} + +extern "system" fn wnd_proc(hwnd: HWND, msg: u32, wp: WPARAM, lp: LPARAM) -> LRESULT { + unsafe { + match msg { + WM_CREATE => { + if STATE.with(|s| s.borrow().as_ref().map(|st| st.mode)) == Some(Mode::Controller) { + let hinst = HINSTANCE(GetModuleHandleW(None).unwrap().0); + let hbtn = CreateWindowExW( + WINDOW_EX_STYLE(0), w!("BUTTON"), ICON_PLAY, + WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WINDOW_STYLE((BS_PUSHBUTTON | BS_CENTER | BS_VCENTER) as u32), + 0, 0, 10, 10, hwnd, HMENU(ID_PLAY as *mut core::ffi::c_void), hinst, None).unwrap_or_default(); + STATE.with(|s| if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { st.hbtn = hbtn; }); + DragAcceptFiles(hwnd, true); // drop a .mid on the transport to load it + } + LRESULT(0) + } + WM_DROPFILES => { + let hdrop = HDROP(wp.0 as *mut core::ffi::c_void); + let mut buf = [0u16; 1024]; + let n = DragQueryFileW(hdrop, 0, Some(&mut buf)); + if n > 0 { + let path = String::from_utf16_lossy(&buf[..n as usize]); + emit(&format!("LOAD\t{path}")); // orchestrator restarts with this track + } + DragFinish(hdrop); + LRESULT(0) + } + WM_SIZE => { let (cw, ch) = ((lp.0 & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32, ((lp.0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32); if cw > 0 && ch > 0 { relayout(hwnd, cw, ch); } LRESULT(0) } + WM_COMMAND => { + let (id, code) = ((wp.0 & 0xFFFF) as isize, ((wp.0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) as u32); + if code == BN_CLICKED && id == ID_PLAY { on_play_toggle(hwnd); } + LRESULT(0) + } + WM_LBUTTONDOWN => { + if STATE.with(|s| s.borrow().as_ref().map(|st| st.mode)) == Some(Mode::Instrument) { + let x = (lp.0 & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32; + actuate(hwnd, x); + } + LRESULT(0) + } + WM_TIMER => { on_tick(hwnd); LRESULT(0) } + // Esc quits (borderless windows have no close button); closing the + // transport EOFs its stdout, which tears the whole demo down. + WM_KEYDOWN if wp.0 == 0x1B => { PostQuitMessage(0); LRESULT(0) } + // We fully repaint every frame via a double-buffered WM_PAINT, so + // suppress the default background erase — that erase-then-paint is + // the other half of GDI flicker. + WM_ERASEBKGND => LRESULT(1), + WM_PAINT => { paint(hwnd); LRESULT(0) } + WM_DESTROY => { PostQuitMessage(0); LRESULT(0) } + _ => DefWindowProcW(hwnd, msg, wp, lp), + } + } +} + +/// Instrument actuation: the click's X selects what to play (pitch on a strip, +/// or which kick/snare/hat zone on a kit), then play the voice + flash. Fires +/// whether the click came from the human or — the point — from cua-driver. +unsafe fn actuate(hwnd: HWND, x: i32) { + STATE.with(|s| { + let mut b = s.borrow_mut(); let Some(st) = b.as_mut() else { return }; + let cw = st.cw.max(1) as f64; + let frac = ((x as f64 / cw) - WX0) / (WX1 - WX0); + let (key, freq, wave, vel) = match st.kind { + Kind::Keys => { + let key = (frac * st.span as f64).floor().clamp(0.0, (st.span - 1) as f64) as i32; + // Each press is its OWN pulse, fading independently — a chord + // lights several keys at once, each on its own clock. + st.pulses.push(Pulse { key, inten: 1.0, age: 0.0 }); + if st.pulses.len() > 32 { st.pulses.remove(0); } + (key, midi_to_freq(st.root + key as f32), st.wave, 104.0) + } + Kind::Drums => { + // X selects the kick/snare/hat zone; light that zone's brightness. + let z = (frac * 3.0).floor().clamp(0.0, 2.0) as usize; + st.zone_glow[z] = (st.zone_glow[z] + 0.5).min(1.0); + let w = [Wave::Kick, Wave::Snare, Wave::Hat][z]; + (z as i32, 0.0, w, 112.0) + } + Kind::Pad => { + // Impulse on a constantly-fading brightness: rapid hits + // accumulate toward full, sparse hits fade between them. + st.pad_glow = (st.pad_glow + 0.5).min(1.0); + (-1, midi_to_freq(st.root), st.wave, 112.0) + } + }; + st.hits += 1; + if let Some(a) = &st.audio { let _ = a.handle.play_raw(Tone::note(wave, freq, vel)); } + // Heartbeat for the orchestrator / verification (stdout is null in + // normal runs, so this is a no-op there). + emit(&format!("HIT {} key={} {:.0}Hz", st.hits, key, freq)); + }); + let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, None, false); +} + +/// The single transport button is a play/pause toggle: playing → pause (freeze +/// at the current position so the next press resumes from here); paused/stopped +/// → play/resume. The icon flips ▶ ⇄ ⏸. +unsafe fn on_play_toggle(hwnd: HWND) { + STATE.with(|s| { + let mut b = s.borrow_mut(); let Some(st) = b.as_mut() else { return }; + if st.playing { + // → pause: freeze position, show the ▶ (play/resume) icon. + if let Some(t0) = st.play_start { st.accum_ms += t0.elapsed().as_millis() as u64; } + st.playing = false; st.play_start = None; + emit("PAUSE"); let _ = SetWindowTextW(st.hbtn, ICON_PLAY); + } else { + // → play/resume: show the ⏸ (pause) icon. + st.playing = true; st.play_start = Some(Instant::now()); + emit("PLAY"); let _ = SetWindowTextW(st.hbtn, ICON_PAUSE); + } + }); + let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, None, true); +} + +/// Current song position in ms (accumulated finished segments + the running one). +fn position_ms(st: &State) -> u64 { + st.accum_ms + st.play_start.map(|t| t.elapsed().as_millis() as u64).unwrap_or(0) +} + +unsafe fn on_tick(hwnd: HWND) { + // Returns the region to repaint this tick (None = nothing changed). Only the + // changing band is invalidated, so an idle header/legend never re-composites + // — that frees DWM/GPU bandwidth for the agent-cursor overlay (which is the + // expensive full-virtual-screen layered window the cursors live on). + let region: Option<RECT> = STATE.with(|s| { + let mut b = s.borrow_mut(); let st = b.as_mut()?; + let (cw, ch) = (st.cw.max(1), st.ch.max(1)); + match st.mode { + Mode::Instrument => { + let had = !st.pulses.is_empty() || st.pad_glow > 0.01 + || st.zone_glow.iter().any(|&z| z > 0.01); + for p in st.pulses.iter_mut() { p.age += 0.040; p.inten *= 0.88; } + st.pulses.retain(|p| p.inten > 0.03); + st.pad_glow *= 0.88; + if st.pad_glow < 0.01 { st.pad_glow = 0.0; } + for z in st.zone_glow.iter_mut() { *z *= 0.88; if *z < 0.01 { *z = 0.0; } } + had.then(|| fr(cw, ch, 0.0, WY0 - 0.03, 1.0, 1.0)) // widget band only + } + Mode::Controller => { + if !st.playing { return None; } + if position_ms(st) > st.dur_ms + 250 { + // Song ended → reset to the top. Emit STOP so the orchestrator + // clears its playing flag + resets its resume offset to 0. + st.playing = false; st.play_start = None; st.accum_ms = 0; + emit("STOP"); let _ = SetWindowTextW(st.hbtn, ICON_PLAY); + return Some(fr(cw, ch, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)); // full repaint once + } + Some(fr(cw, ch, 0.0, 0.91, 1.0, 1.0)) // playhead bar only + } + } + }); + if let Some(r) = region { let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, Some(&r), false); } +} + +unsafe fn text(hdc: windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::HDC, r: RECT, s: &str, fmt: windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::DRAW_TEXT_FORMAT) { + let mut t = wide(s); let mut rr = r; + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut t, &mut rr, fmt | DT_SINGLELINE); +} + +unsafe fn paint(hwnd: HWND) { + let mut ps = PAINTSTRUCT::default(); + let hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &mut ps); + STATE.with(|s| { + let b = s.borrow(); let Some(st) = b.as_ref() else { return }; + let (cw, ch) = (st.cw.max(1), st.ch.max(1)); + // Double-buffer: build the whole frame in an off-screen DC, then blit it + // to the window in one BitBlt. Painting straight to the window DC (with a + // full-client background fill every frame, ~30fps from the glow/playhead + // timer) is what caused the flicker — never the windows being recreated. + let mem = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc); + let bmp = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, cw, ch); + let old = SelectObject(mem, bmp); + SetBkMode(mem, TRANSPARENT); + + let bg = CreateSolidBrush(rgb(0x0b, 0x0c, 0x12)); + let panel = CreateSolidBrush(rgb(0x16, 0x18, 0x22)); + let line = CreateSolidBrush(rgb(0x2a, 0x2d, 0x3e)); + let dim = rgb(0x6a, 0x6f, 0x85); + let ink = rgb(0xe8, 0xea, 0xf2); + let full = RECT { left: 0, top: 0, right: cw, bottom: ch }; + FillRect(mem, &full, bg); + + match st.mode { + Mode::Controller => paint_controller(mem, st, cw, ch, &panel, &line, ink, dim), + Mode::Instrument => paint_instrument(mem, st, cw, ch, &panel, &line, ink, dim), + } + for o in [bg, panel, line] { let _ = DeleteObject(o); } + + let _ = BitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, cw, ch, mem, 0, 0, SRCCOPY); + SelectObject(mem, old); + let _ = DeleteObject(bmp); + let _ = DeleteDC(mem); + }); + let _ = EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); +} + +unsafe fn paint_controller(hdc: windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::HDC, st: &State, cw: i32, ch: i32, _panel: &HBRUSH, line: &HBRUSH, _ink: COLORREF, dim: COLORREF) { + // Thin transport bar. A small icon play/pause button sits at the far left + // (~9%); lay the rest out horizontally: title, bpm, track swatches, playhead. + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_title); SetTextColor(hdc, rgb(0xff, 0xff, 0xff)); + text(hdc, fr(cw, ch, 0.11, 0.06, 0.55, 0.58), "CUA JUKEBOX", DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER); + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_label); SetTextColor(hdc, dim); + text(hdc, fr(cw, ch, 0.115, 0.52, 0.55, 0.95), + &format!("{} parts · {} bpm", st.tracks.len(), st.bpm), DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER); + + // Row of track colour swatches (matches each instrument tile's colour). + let n = st.tracks.len().max(1); + let (x0, x1) = (0.56_f64, 0.985_f64); + let sw_w = (x1 - x0) / n as f64; + for (i, (_name, col)) in st.tracks.iter().enumerate() { + let sx = x0 + i as f64 * sw_w; + let sw = fr(cw, ch, sx, 0.18, sx + sw_w * 0.7, 0.66); + let cb = CreateSolidBrush(*col); FillRect(hdc, &sw, cb); let _ = DeleteObject(cb); + } + + // Playhead along the very bottom. + let bar = fr(cw, ch, 0.0, 0.92, 1.0, 1.0); + FillRect(hdc, &bar, *line); + let frac = (position_ms(st) as f64 / st.dur_ms.max(1) as f64).clamp(0.0, 1.0); + if frac > 0.0 { + let mut fb = bar; fb.right = bar.left + ((bar.right - bar.left) as f64 * frac) as i32; + // Dim while paused, bright while playing. + let c = if st.playing { st.accent } else { mix((0x2a, 0x2d, 0x3e), st.accent_rgb, 0.45) }; + let cb = CreateSolidBrush(c); FillRect(hdc, &fb, cb); let _ = DeleteObject(cb); + } +} + +unsafe fn paint_instrument(hdc: windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::HDC, st: &State, cw: i32, ch: i32, _panel: &HBRUSH, line: &HBRUSH, ink: COLORREF, dim: COLORREF) { + let black = (0x0b, 0x0c, 0x12); + // header: swatch + label + hits + let sw = fr(cw, ch, 0.06, 0.09, 0.10, 0.17); + let cb = CreateSolidBrush(st.accent); FillRect(hdc, &sw, cb); let _ = DeleteObject(cb); + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_title); SetTextColor(hdc, ink); + text(hdc, fr(cw, ch, 0.13, 0.07, 0.78, 0.20), &st.label, DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER); + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_label); SetTextColor(hdc, dim); + text(hdc, fr(cw, ch, 0.60, 0.07, 0.95, 0.20), &format!("{}♪", st.hits), DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER); + + let frame = |r: &RECT, c: COLORREF| { let br = CreateSolidBrush(c); FrameRect(hdc, r, HBRUSH(br.0)); let _ = DeleteObject(br); }; + let panel_bg = (0x20, 0x23, 0x30); + + match st.kind { + Kind::Pad => { + // Brightness = the constantly-fading, impulse-driven pad_glow: fast + // hits pile up to a bright pad, sparse hits let it dim between them. + let g = st.pad_glow.clamp(0.0, 1.0); + let pad = fr(cw, ch, WX0 + 0.10, WY0, WX1 - 0.10, WY1); + let body = mix(panel_bg, st.accent_rgb, g * 0.9); + let bb = CreateSolidBrush(body); FillRect(hdc, &pad, bb); let _ = DeleteObject(bb); + frame(&pad, st.accent); + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_big); + SetTextColor(hdc, if g > 0.4 { rgb(black.0, black.1, black.2) } else { st.accent }); + let cap = match st.wave { Wave::Kick => "KICK", Wave::Snare => "SNARE", Wave::Hat => "HAT", _ => "PAD" }; + text(hdc, pad, cap, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER); + } + Kind::Keys => { + let strip = fr(cw, ch, WX0, WY0, WX1, WY1); + FillRect(hdc, &strip, *line); + let span = st.span.max(1); + let w = (strip.right - strip.left) as f64 / span as f64; + for k in 0..span { + let kx = strip.left + (k as f64 * w) as i32; + let cell = RECT { left: kx + 1, top: strip.top + 1, right: kx + w as i32 - 1, bottom: strip.bottom - 1 }; + // Each cell glows by the brightest pulse on THAT key — so a chord + // lights several cells at once, each fading independently. + let inten = st.pulses.iter().filter(|p| p.key == k).map(|p| p.inten).fold(0.0_f32, f32::max); + let c = if inten > 0.02 { mix(panel_bg, st.accent_rgb, inten) } + else if k % 12 == 0 { rgb(0x20, 0x23, 0x30) } else { rgb(0x18, 0x1a, 0x24) }; + let bb = CreateSolidBrush(c); FillRect(hdc, &cell, bb); let _ = DeleteObject(bb); + } + frame(&strip, st.accent); + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_label); SetTextColor(hdc, dim); + text(hdc, fr(cw, ch, WX0, WY1 + 0.005, WX1, 0.99), "pitch ◄ low · high ►", DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER); + } + Kind::Drums => { + // Three pads — KICK · SNARE · HAT — each its own impulse/fade glow. + let caps = ["KICK", "SNARE", "HAT"]; + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_label); + for z in 0..3usize { + let zx0 = WX0 + z as f64 * (WX1 - WX0) / 3.0; + let zx1 = WX0 + (z as f64 + 1.0) * (WX1 - WX0) / 3.0; + let pad = fr(cw, ch, zx0 + 0.01, WY0, zx1 - 0.01, WY1); + let g = st.zone_glow[z].clamp(0.0, 1.0); + let body = mix(panel_bg, st.accent_rgb, g * 0.9); + let bb = CreateSolidBrush(body); FillRect(hdc, &pad, bb); let _ = DeleteObject(bb); + frame(&pad, st.accent); + SetTextColor(hdc, if g > 0.4 { rgb(black.0, black.1, black.2) } else { st.accent }); + text(hdc, pad, caps[z], DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER); + } + } + } +} diff --git a/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/Cargo.toml b/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/Cargo.toml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..913282c5cf --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/Cargo.toml @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +[package] +name = "jukebox-orchestrator" +version = "0.1.0" +edition = "2021" + +[[bin]] +name = "jukebox-orchestrator" +path = "src/main.rs" + +[dependencies] +# Minimal, well-tested SMF parser so real multitrack .mid files Just Work. +midly = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, features = ["std"] } +windows = { version = "0.58", features = [ + "Win32_Foundation", + "Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging", + "Win32_Graphics_Gdi", + "Win32_Graphics_Dwm", + "Win32_System_JobObjects", + "Win32_System_Threading", + "Win32_Security", + "Win32_Media", +] } diff --git a/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs b/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be09ce01fc --- /dev/null +++ b/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs @@ -0,0 +1,835 @@ +//! CUA JUKEBOX orchestrator — coordinated multi-cursor "computer-use" music. +//! +//! Reads a MIDI file (or a built-in demo song), turns each track into its own +//! instrument window (a miniwob-style minigame), and gives each one its OWN +//! cua-driver session = its OWN uniquely-coloured agent cursor. While the song +//! plays, every note steers that track's cursor onto its widget and clicks it +//! in the background — the click is what makes the sound. One cursor per part, +//! one colour per agent, all driven off a single clock: the dumbest possible +//! orchestra, performed entirely by background computer-use. +//! +//! Timing is locked with the cursor's `glide_duration_ms` (set per session via +//! `set_agent_cursor_motion`): every glide takes a known, fixed time regardless +//! of how far the cursor must travel across its pitch strip, so the orchestrator +//! can pre-roll each click by exactly that lead and land the actuation on the +//! beat. (That field is honoured identically on macOS and Windows — it lives in +//! the shared render core.) + +use std::path::PathBuf; +use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio}; +use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering}; +use std::sync::Arc; +use std::thread; +use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; + +use windows::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HANDLE, HWND, LPARAM, POINT, RECT, TRUE}; +use windows::Win32::Graphics::Dwm::{DwmGetWindowAttribute, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS}; +use windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::ClientToScreen; +use windows::Win32::System::JobObjects::{ + AssignProcessToJobObject, CreateJobObjectW, SetInformationJobObject, + JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation, JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION, + JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE, +}; +use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{ + EnumWindows, GetClientRect, GetWindowTextW, GetWindowThreadProcessId, IsWindowVisible, + SetForegroundWindow, SetWindowPos, HWND_TOP, SWP_NOACTIVATE, SWP_NOZORDER, SWP_SHOWWINDOW, +}; + +// Widget geometry — MUST match jukebox-app's WX0/WX1/WY0/WY1/KEYS_SPAN. +const WX0: f64 = 0.06; +const WX1: f64 = 0.94; +const WY0: f64 = 0.34; +const WY1: f64 = 0.92; +const KEYS_SPAN: i32 = 24; +const MAX_TRACKS: usize = 9; + +// One cua-driver palette per agent. Keying a session to a palette NAME makes +// that session's overlay cursor render in that palette automatically +// (`Palette::for_instance(session)`), exactly like the sibling multi-cursor +// demo. The hex is that palette's mid colour, reused for the instrument window +// accent AND the transport legend, so the cursor, its window, and the legend +// all read as the same colour. (`cursor_color` on `set_agent_cursor_motion` +// only updates registry state, not the Windows overlay paint — so we rely on +// the session-name palette instead of fighting it.) +const SESSIONS: [(&str, &str); 9] = [ + ("crimson", "#e85262"), + ("amber", "#f4b242"), + ("aqua", "#4ccce0"), + ("mint_lime", "#60daae"), + ("orchid", "#dd71ec"), + ("soft_purple", "#b284ff"), + ("rose_gold", "#f784aa"), + ("chartreuse", "#b8dc36"), + ("cobalt", "#507eec"), +]; + +#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)] +enum Kind { Pad, Keys, Drums } + +#[derive(Clone)] +struct Note { + t: f64, + pitch: u8, + /// Carried from the source for fidelity; the instrument picks its own hit + /// velocity (a background click can't carry one), so it's unused here. + #[allow(dead_code)] + vel: u8, +} + +struct Track { + name: String, + notes: Vec<Note>, + kind: Kind, + wave: &'static str, + root: i32, + /// Number of semitones the pitch strip spans (fit to the track's range so + /// wide melodies aren't clamped to the top key). Drums ignore it. + span: i32, + color: &'static str, + session: String, + title: String, + hwnd: HWND, + pid: u32, + /// True when this track is percussion (most notes on MIDI channel 10, or a + /// drum-kit name) → rendered as a 3-zone kick/snare/hat pad. + is_drum: bool, +} + +struct Song { tracks: Vec<Track>, bpm: u32, dur_sec: f64 } + +/// Send-able snapshot of one cursor's worth of work (a "voice" — a single pool +/// member of a track). HWND is carried as an isize because the raw handle +/// pointer isn't `Send`. Several voices can share one track's window/colour. +struct Voice { + pid: u32, + hwnd_addr: isize, + session: String, + kind: Kind, + root: i32, + span: i32, + notes: Arc<Vec<Note>>, +} + +/// Max same-colour cursors a single track may grow to (a chord wider than this +/// reuses cursor 0 and accepts a little overlap rather than spawning forever). +const MAX_POOL: usize = 6; + +/// Assign each (time-sorted) note to a pool cursor: try the lowest-indexed +/// cursor that's free (its previous glide finished ≥ now), else grow the pool, +/// else (at the cap) reuse cursor 0. `busy` is the glide window a cursor is +/// "occupied" for after it fires. Returns the per-note cursor index and the +/// resulting pool size. This is the deterministic form of "try the first, go to +/// the next if occupied during the 100ms, spawn one if none free". +fn assign_pool(notes: &[Note], busy: f64, cap: usize) -> (Vec<usize>, usize) { + let mut free_at: Vec<f64> = Vec::new(); + let mut assign = Vec::with_capacity(notes.len()); + for n in notes { + let chosen = free_at.iter().position(|&f| f <= n.t + 1e-6); + let i = match chosen { + Some(i) => i, + None if free_at.len() < cap => { free_at.push(0.0); free_at.len() - 1 } + None => 0, + }; + free_at[i] = n.t + busy; + assign.push(i); + } + (assign, free_at.len().max(1)) +} + +/// Blend a `#rrggbb` toward white by `t` (0=unchanged, 1=white) for a gradient +/// tip stop, so a forced-colour cursor still reads as a lit arrow, not a flat blob. +fn lighten(hex: &str, t: f64) -> String { + let v = u32::from_str_radix(hex.trim_start_matches('#'), 16).unwrap_or(0xffffff); + let f = |sh: u32| { let c = ((v >> sh) & 0xff) as f64; (c + (255.0 - c) * t) as u32 }; + format!("#{:02x}{:02x}{:02x}", f(16), f(8), f(0)) +} + +// ── kill-on-exit job (whole tree dies with the orchestrator) ─────────────────── +static JOB: std::sync::OnceLock<usize> = std::sync::OnceLock::new(); +fn job() -> HANDLE { + let raw = *JOB.get_or_init(|| unsafe { + let h = CreateJobObjectW(None, windows::core::PCWSTR::null()).expect("CreateJobObjectW"); + let mut info = JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION::default(); + info.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags = JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE; + let _ = SetInformationJobObject(h, JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation, + &info as *const _ as *const core::ffi::c_void, + std::mem::size_of::<JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION>() as u32); + h.0 as usize + }); + HANDLE(raw as *mut core::ffi::c_void) +} +fn assign_to_job(child: &Child) { + use std::os::windows::io::AsRawHandle; + unsafe { let _ = AssignProcessToJobObject(job(), HANDLE(child.as_raw_handle() as *mut core::ffi::c_void)); } +} + +fn main() { + let demo_root = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).parent().unwrap().to_path_buf(); + let repo_root = demo_root.parent().unwrap().parent().unwrap().to_path_buf(); + + let cua = std::env::var("CUA_DRIVER_EXE").map(PathBuf::from) + .unwrap_or_else(|_| repo_root.join("libs/cua-driver/rust/target/debug/cua-driver.exe")); + let app = std::env::var("JUKEBOX_APP_EXE").map(PathBuf::from) + .unwrap_or_else(|_| demo_root.join("target/debug/jukebox-app.exe")); + if !cua.exists() { eprintln!("cua-driver.exe not found at {cua:?}"); std::process::exit(1); } + if !app.exists() { eprintln!("jukebox-app.exe not found at {app:?} — run `cargo build` first"); std::process::exit(1); } + + // Raise the system timer resolution to 1ms so the per-note `thread::sleep` + // that schedules each click is accurate to ~1ms instead of Windows' default + // ~15ms — the dominant residual timing jitter once the per-note process + // spawn was removed. Process-global; the OS restores it on exit. + unsafe { let _ = windows::Win32::Media::timeBeginPeriod(1); } + + let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().collect(); + let auto = args.iter().any(|a| a == "--auto"); + let midi_path = args.iter().skip(1).find(|a| a.to_lowercase().ends_with(".mid") || a.to_lowercase().ends_with(".midi")); + let glide_ms: u64 = std::env::var("JUKEBOX_GLIDE_MS").ok().and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(200); + // The dominant actuation latency IS the glide, so default the pre-roll to it + // (the per-voice EMA refines from there); overridable with JUKEBOX_LEAD_MS. + let lead = Duration::from_millis(std::env::var("JUKEBOX_LEAD_MS").ok().and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(glide_ms)); + + let mut song = match midi_path { + Some(p) => match load_midi(p) { Ok(s) => s, Err(e) => { eprintln!("[orch] MIDI parse failed ({e}); using demo song"); demo_song() } }, + None => demo_song(), + }; + assign_roles(&mut song); + if song.tracks.is_empty() { eprintln!("[orch] no tracks with notes"); std::process::exit(1); } + eprintln!("[orch] {} parts @ {} bpm, {:.1}s:", song.tracks.len(), song.bpm, song.dur_sec); + for t in &song.tracks { + let kind = match t.kind { Kind::Drums => "drums", Kind::Pad => "pad", Kind::Keys => "keys" }; + let lo = t.notes.iter().map(|n| n.pitch as i32).min().unwrap_or(0); + let hi = t.notes.iter().map(|n| n.pitch as i32).max().unwrap_or(0); + let range = hi - lo + 1; + let fit = if t.kind == Kind::Keys && range > t.span { + format!(" RANGE {range}st > strip {} → {} note(s) clamped", t.span, + t.notes.iter().filter(|n| (n.pitch as i32 - t.root) >= t.span).count()) + } else { String::new() }; + eprintln!(" · {:<22} {:<6} {:<8} {:>4} notes range {}-{} ({}st), strip {}st{}", + t.name, kind, t.wave, t.notes.len(), lo, hi, range, t.span, fit); + } + + // Reap any leftover daemon from a previous run FIRST. Its job object only + // fires KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE when the *owning* orchestrator exits cleanly, so a + // hard-killed run can leave a `cua-driver serve` alive — and a stale daemon + // keeps its own full-screen overlay, whose agent0..N cursors stack on top of + // this run's at the same (deterministic) coordinates. That's what makes it + // look like more than one cursor per window. Start from a clean slate. + for img in ["cua-driver.exe", "jukebox-app.exe"] { + let _ = Command::new("taskkill").args(["/F", "/IM", img]) + .stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()).status(); + } + // Give the killed daemon time to release its named pipe before we start a + // fresh one — too short a wait races the pipe handoff and can wedge the new + // daemon's first connections (observed as a one-off ~10s-late performance). + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(800)); + + // Start the cua-driver daemon. + eprintln!("[orch] starting cua-driver daemon…"); + let mut daemon = Command::new(&cua).arg("serve").stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + .spawn().expect("spawn cua-driver serve"); + assign_to_job(&daemon); + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1500)); + + // Launch the controller (foreground) + one instrument window per track. + let mut controller = Command::new(&app) + .args(["controller", "--title", "CUA JUKEBOX — Transport", + "--color", "#3bd0ff", + "--bpm", &song.bpm.to_string(), + "--dur-ms", &((song.dur_sec * 1000.0) as u64).to_string(), + "--tracks", &song.tracks.iter().map(|t| format!("{}|{}", t.name, t.color)).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(",")]) + .stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::null()).spawn().expect("spawn controller"); + assign_to_job(&controller); + let controller_out = controller.stdout.take().unwrap(); + + let mut kids: Vec<Child> = Vec::new(); + for t in &song.tracks { + let mut c = Command::new(&app); + c.args(["instrument", + "--title", &t.title, + "--kind", match t.kind { Kind::Keys => "keys", Kind::Drums => "drums", Kind::Pad => "pad" }, + "--wave", t.wave, + "--color", t.color, + "--label", &t.name, + "--root", &t.root.to_string(), + "--span", &t.span.to_string()]); + if let Ok(ch) = c.stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()).spawn() { assign_to_job(&ch); kids.push(ch); } + } + + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1400)); // window warmup + + // Discover HWNDs/pids. + for t in song.tracks.iter_mut() { + if let Some((h, pid)) = find_window_by_title(&t.title) { t.hwnd = h; t.pid = pid; } + else { eprintln!("[orch] (warn) no window for '{}'", t.title); } + } + song.tracks.retain(|t| !t.hwnd.0.is_null()); + let controller_hwnd = find_window_by_title("CUA JUKEBOX — Transport").map(|(h, _)| h); + + // Layout: a 600×80 transport bar above a tight grid of fixed 200×160 tiles, + // packed GAP px apart and centered in the work area. + const TILE_W: i32 = 200; + const TILE_H: i32 = 160; + const CTRL_W: i32 = 600; + const CTRL_H: i32 = 80; + const GAP: i32 = 6; + let wa = work_area(); + let n = song.tracks.len() as i32; + let cols = (n as f64).sqrt().ceil().max(1.0) as i32; + let rows = (n + cols - 1) / cols.max(1); + let grid_w = cols * TILE_W + (cols - 1) * GAP; + let grid_h = rows * TILE_H + (rows - 1) * GAP; + let block_w = grid_w.max(CTRL_W); + let block_h = CTRL_H + GAP + grid_h; + let ox = wa.left + (((wa.right - wa.left) - block_w) / 2).max(0); + let oy = wa.top + (((wa.bottom - wa.top) - block_h) / 2).max(0); + if let Some(ch) = controller_hwnd { + place(ch, ox + (block_w - CTRL_W) / 2, oy, CTRL_W, CTRL_H, true); + } + let gy = oy + CTRL_H + GAP; + let gx = ox + (block_w - grid_w) / 2; + for (i, t) in song.tracks.iter().enumerate() { + let (col, row) = (i as i32 % cols, i as i32 / cols); + place(t.hwnd, gx + col * (TILE_W + GAP), gy + row * (TILE_H + GAP), TILE_W, TILE_H, false); + } + if let Some(ch) = controller_hwnd { unsafe { let _ = SetForegroundWindow(ch); } } + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(700)); + + // Build per-track cursor POOLS and arm each member. A track usually needs + // one cursor, but when notes land within the glide window (e.g. a chord) the + // first cursor is still mid-glide, so the next free pool cursor takes the + // note — growing the pool. Every member of a track is forced to the SAME + // colour (via set_agent_cursor_style's gradient — cursor_color on + // set_agent_cursor_motion is registry-only on the Windows overlay and would + // not repaint), so a chord fans out into several identically-coloured + // cursors on that one window. + // A cursor is "occupied" for the whole click — the glide PLUS the dispatch + // overhead (IPC + click-post + arrival frame), not just the glide. Sizing + // the pool against the real click duration means any track whose notes are + // closer together than that spawns enough cursors to keep up, instead of one + // cursor falling progressively behind. + let busy_sec = (glide_ms as f64 + 130.0) / 1000.0; + let mut voices: Vec<Voice> = Vec::new(); + for t in &song.tracks { + let (assign, pool) = assign_pool(&t.notes, busy_sec, MAX_POOL); + let tip = lighten(t.color, 0.5); + for k in 0..pool { + let session = format!("{}_{}", t.session, k); + let _ = run_call(&cua, "set_agent_cursor_enabled", + &format!(r#"{{"enabled":true,"session":"{session}"}}"#)); + // Fixed 100ms glide so every actuation lands on the beat regardless + // of travel distance (and so "occupied for the glide window" has a + // known length the pool sizes against). + let _ = run_call(&cua, "set_agent_cursor_motion", &format!( + r#"{{"session":"{session}","cursor_label":"{}","cursor_size":15,"glide_duration_ms":{glide_ms},"spring":1.0,"arc_size":0.08,"dwell_after_click_ms":0,"idle_hide_ms":0}}"#, + t.name)); + let _ = run_call(&cua, "set_agent_cursor_style", &format!( + r#"{{"session":"{session}","gradient_colors":["{tip}","{}"],"bloom_color":"{}"}}"#, + t.color, t.color)); + let notes_k: Vec<Note> = t.notes.iter().zip(assign.iter()) + .filter(|(_, &a)| a == k).map(|(n, _)| n.clone()).collect(); + voices.push(Voice { + pid: t.pid, + hwnd_addr: t.hwnd.0 as isize, + session, + kind: t.kind, + root: t.root, + span: t.span, + notes: Arc::new(notes_k), + }); + } + if pool > 1 { + eprintln!("[orch] {:<10} pool={} same-colour cursors (notes closer than {:.0}ms)", t.name, pool, busy_sec * 1000.0); + } + } + let plans: Arc<Vec<Voice>> = Arc::new(voices); + + let cua = Arc::new(cua); + let playing = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)); + let generation = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)); + let dur_sec = song.dur_sec; + let base_lead_ms = lead.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0; + // `timing` collects the signed per-note error (actual−scheduled) for the + // end-of-song report; cleared each performance. The adaptive lead itself is + // PER-VOICE (a thread-local EMA below), so one congested track — e.g. the + // Pad pool firing a triad — can't skew the lead of the tight single-cursor + // tracks. + let timing = Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(Vec::<f64>::new())); + // Pause/resume: `offset` is the song-second to (re)start from; `seg` records + // the wall-clock start + offset of the running segment so PAUSE can compute + // where we are. STOP resets offset to 0; PAUSE saves the current position. + let offset = Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(0.0_f64)); + let seg = Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new((Instant::now(), 0.0_f64))); + + let start_perf = { + let plans = plans.clone(); + let cua = cua.clone(); + let playing = playing.clone(); + let generation = generation.clone(); + let timing = timing.clone(); + let seg = seg.clone(); + move |off: f64| { + playing.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst); + let g = generation.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst) + 1; + let start = Instant::now(); + *seg.lock().unwrap() = (start, off); + timing.lock().unwrap().clear(); + eprintln!("[orch] ▶ performing from {off:.1}s — {} cursors actuating in the background", plans.len()); + for ti in 0..plans.len() { + let plans = plans.clone(); + let cua = cua.clone(); + let playing = playing.clone(); + let generation = generation.clone(); + let timing = timing.clone(); + thread::spawn(move || { + let p = &plans[ti]; + let hwnd = HWND(p.hwnd_addr as *mut core::ffi::c_void); + // Thread-local adaptive lead (ms) for THIS voice only, + // warm-started at the ~constant dispatch overhead on top of + // the glide (IPC + click-post + the arrival frame) so even + // the first notes land near the beat; the EMA refines it. + let mut corr = 110.0_f64; + // One persistent daemon connection for this whole track — + // pipelines every click with no per-note process spawn (that + // spawn was the entire timing-jitter source). The daemon runs + // a handler task per connection, so the 6 tracks actuate + // concurrently; within a track, clicks are lock-step (the + // response marks the actuation moment we measure against). + let pipe = std::env::var("CUA_DRIVER_PIPE") + .unwrap_or_else(|_| r"\\.\pipe\cua-driver".into()); + let mut conn = DaemonConn::open(&pipe); + for (idx, note) in p.notes.iter().enumerate() { + if !playing.load(Ordering::SeqCst) || generation.load(Ordering::SeqCst) != g { return; } + if note.t < off { continue; } // already played before the resume point + // Fire early by the adaptive lead so the actuation lands + // on the note's scheduled time despite the glide latency. + // `start` represents song-time `off`, so schedule at the + // note's time minus that offset. + let eff_lead = (base_lead_ms + corr).max(0.0); + let due = start + Duration::from_secs_f64(note.t - off); + let fire = due.checked_sub(Duration::from_secs_f64(eff_lead / 1000.0)).unwrap_or(due); + let now = Instant::now(); + if fire > now { thread::sleep(fire - now); } + if !playing.load(Ordering::SeqCst) || generation.load(Ordering::SeqCst) != g { return; } + let (xf, yf) = target(p, idx, note.pitch); + if let Some((x, y)) = client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd, xf, yf) { + let args = format!( + r#"{{"pid":{},"window_id":{},"x":{},"y":{},"session":"{}"}}"#, + p.pid, p.hwnd_addr, x, y, p.session); + let ok = match conn.as_mut() { Some(c) => c.call("click", &args), None => false }; + if !ok { + // Reconnect once, else fall back to a one-shot call. + conn = DaemonConn::open(&pipe); + match conn.as_mut() { + Some(c) => { let _ = c.call("click", &args); } + None => { let _ = run_call(&cua, "click", &args); } + } + } + // Response received ⇒ the click landed (actuation moment). + let err_ms = (start.elapsed().as_secs_f64() - note.t) * 1000.0; + timing.lock().unwrap().push(err_ms); + // EMA drives the mean error to zero: eff_lead = base + + // corr and err = latency − eff_lead, so corr += α·err + // converges corr → latency − base. Clamp tight so a + // transient stall can't integrate the lead away. α is + // fairly high so short voices (a few-note pool member) + // converge within the song. + corr = (corr + 0.30 * err_ms).clamp(-base_lead_ms, 600.0); + } + } + }); + } + // End-of-song timing report (one per performance/generation). + let timing = timing.clone(); + let generation = generation.clone(); + thread::spawn(move || { + thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f64((dur_sec - off).max(0.0) + 0.8)); + if generation.load(Ordering::SeqCst) != g { return; } + report_timing(&timing.lock().unwrap(), base_lead_ms); + }); + } + }; + + if auto { + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(800)); + start_perf(0.0); + } else { + eprintln!("[orch] ready — click ▶ PLAY in the Transport window to start the performance."); + } + + // React to the transport's PLAY / PAUSE / STOP (the human's one action that + // drives the whole coordinated fleet — like the master window in the sibling + // demo). PLAY resumes from the held offset; PAUSE freezes the position; STOP + // resets to the top. + use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader}; + let reader = BufReader::new(controller_out); + for line in reader.lines().map_while(Result::ok) { + // Drag-drop a .mid onto the transport → restart the whole demo with that + // track. Re-exec a fresh orchestrator (detached, outside our job object, + // so it survives our exit); it reaps our daemon/windows on startup and + // comes up READY on the dropped file (no --auto — the user presses ▶). + if let Some(path) = line.trim_end().strip_prefix("LOAD\t") { + eprintln!("[orch] ↻ restarting with {path}"); + if let Ok(exe) = std::env::current_exe() { + let _ = Command::new(exe).arg(path) + .stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()).spawn(); + } + break; // fall through to teardown; the new orchestrator takes over + } + match line.trim() { + // Idempotent: ignore PLAY while already performing (resume still works + // — PAUSE clears `playing` first), so a stray PLAY can't double-start. + "PLAY" if !playing.load(Ordering::SeqCst) => { let off = *offset.lock().unwrap(); start_perf(off); } + "PAUSE" => { + playing.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst); + let (rs, off) = *seg.lock().unwrap(); + let pos = off + rs.elapsed().as_secs_f64(); + *offset.lock().unwrap() = pos; + eprintln!("[orch] ⏸ paused at {pos:.1}s"); + } + "STOP" => { + playing.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst); + *offset.lock().unwrap() = 0.0; + eprintln!("[orch] ■ stopped"); + } + _ => {} + } + } + + // Controller closed → tear everything down (job object kills the tree too). + playing.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst); + let _ = controller.kill(); + for mut k in kids { let _ = k.kill(); } + let _ = daemon.kill(); +} + +// ── song construction ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── + +/// True if a track name reads like a full drum kit (vs a single drum part like +/// "Kick", which stays a single pad). +fn name_is_kit(name: &str) -> bool { + let n = name.to_lowercase(); + ["drum kit", "drumkit", "drums", "percussion", "drum set"].iter().any(|s| n.contains(s)) +} + +/// Map a MIDI channel-10 drum note to a 3-zone pad: 0=kick, 1=snare/clap/tom, +/// 2=hat/cymbal/perc. (General MIDI percussion key map.) +fn drum_zone(pitch: u8) -> i32 { + match pitch { + 35 | 36 => 0, // bass/kick drums + 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 43 | 45 | 47 | 48 | 50 => 1, // snare, clap, rim, toms + _ => 2, // hats, cymbals, perc + } +} + +/// Infer a melodic track's minigame + synth voice from its (lower-cased) name. +/// Wave keywords (square/saw/triangle/8-bit/chip/synth/scifi/…) are matched +/// explicitly so chiptune/GM names map to a fitting voice instead of plain sine. +fn infer(name: &str) -> (Kind, &'static str) { + let n = name.to_lowercase(); + let has = |k: &[&str]| k.iter().any(|s| n.contains(s)); + // Single drum parts (not full kits) → one-shot pad. + if has(&["kick", "bass drum", "bd"]) { (Kind::Pad, "kick") } + else if has(&["snare", "clap", "sd"]) { (Kind::Pad, "snare") } + else if has(&["hi-hat", "hihat", "hat", "cymbal", "ride", "shaker", "tom "]) { (Kind::Pad, "hat") } + // Bass before the wave words so "Bass Guitar" is a bass, not a saw lead. + else if has(&["bass"]) { (Kind::Keys, "saw") } + // Explicit waveform names FIRST (so "8-Bit Triangle" is a triangle, not + // caught by the chip→square fallback below). + else if has(&["sawtooth", "saw"]) { (Kind::Keys, "saw") } + else if has(&["triangle"]) { (Kind::Keys, "triangle") } + else if has(&["square", "pulse"]) { (Kind::Keys, "square") } + // Generic chiptune → square. + else if has(&["8-bit", "8bit", "chip", "nes"]) { (Kind::Keys, "square") } + // Timbre families. + else if has(&["lead", "synth", "scifi", "sci-fi", "guitar", "trumpet", "sax", "brass", "pluck"]) { (Kind::Keys, "square") } + else if has(&["pad", "string", "choir", "organ", "ambient", "smooth", "warm"]) { (Kind::Keys, "triangle") } + else if has(&["arp", "bell", "key", "piano", "mallet", "celesta", "harp"]) { (Kind::Keys, "triangle") } + else { (Kind::Keys, "sine") } +} + +fn assign_roles(song: &mut Song) { + song.tracks.truncate(MAX_TRACKS); + for (i, t) in song.tracks.iter_mut().enumerate() { + let (kind, wave) = if t.is_drum { (Kind::Drums, "kick") } else { infer(&t.name) }; + t.kind = kind; + t.wave = wave; + let (sess, hex) = SESSIONS[i % SESSIONS.len()]; + t.color = hex; + t.session = sess.to_string(); + t.title = format!("JUKEBOX {i:02} — {}", t.name); + // Fit the pitch strip to the track's actual range so wide melodies are + // played accurately instead of being clamped to the top key: root = the + // lowest note, span = the full range (min 12 semitones for a usable + // strip, capped at 48 = 4 octaves so the keys don't get microscopic). + let lo = t.notes.iter().map(|n| n.pitch as i32).min().unwrap_or(48); + let hi = t.notes.iter().map(|n| n.pitch as i32).max().unwrap_or(72); + t.root = lo; + t.span = (hi - lo + 1).clamp(12, 48); + } +} + +fn mk_track(name: &str, notes: Vec<Note>) -> Track { + Track { name: name.into(), notes, kind: Kind::Keys, wave: "sine", root: 48, span: KEYS_SPAN, + color: "#888", session: String::new(), title: String::new(), hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0, + is_drum: false } +} + +/// Generated 8-bar, 6-part loop at 120 bpm — a 1:1 feel-port of the HTML demo +/// song so the grid moves immediately even with no .mid file. +fn demo_song() -> Song { + let q = 0.5_f64; // quarter-note seconds at 120 bpm + let bars = 8; + let roots = [36, 36, 43, 41]; + let sc = [0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 12]; + let (mut bass, mut kick, mut hat, mut pad, mut arp, mut lead) = + (vec![], vec![], vec![], vec![], vec![], vec![]); + for b in 0..bars { + let o = b as f64 * q * 4.0; + let r = roots[b % 4] as u8; + bass.push(Note { t: o, pitch: r, vel: 100 }); + bass.push(Note { t: o + q, pitch: r, vel: 80 }); + bass.push(Note { t: o + 2.0 * q, pitch: r + 7, vel: 95 }); + bass.push(Note { t: o + 3.0 * q, pitch: r, vel: 80 }); + for k in 0..4 { kick.push(Note { t: o + k as f64 * q, pitch: 36, vel: 110 }); } + for h in 0..8 { hat.push(Note { t: o + h as f64 * q / 2.0, pitch: 42, vel: if h % 2 == 0 { 80 } else { 55 } }); } + // Triads struck simultaneously — three notes at the same instant means + // one cursor can't cover them within the 100ms glide, so the Pad track + // grows a 3-cursor same-colour pool that fans out across the strip. + for iv in [12, 16, 19] { pad.push(Note { t: o, pitch: r + iv, vel: 52 }); } + for iv in [12, 15, 19] { pad.push(Note { t: o + 2.0 * q, pitch: r + iv, vel: 50 }); } + for a in 0..8 { arp.push(Note { t: o + a as f64 * q / 2.0, pitch: r + 24 + sc[(a + b) % 6] as u8, vel: 70 }); } + if b % 2 == 1 { for l in 0..4 { lead.push(Note { t: o + l as f64 * q, pitch: r + 24 + sc[(l * 2) % 6] as u8, vel: 88 }); } } + } + Song { + tracks: vec![ + mk_track("Bass", bass), mk_track("Kick", kick), mk_track("Hat", hat), + mk_track("Pad", pad), mk_track("Arp", arp), mk_track("Lead", lead), + ], + bpm: 120, + dur_sec: bars as f64 * q * 4.0, + } +} + +/// Parse a Standard MIDI File into per-track note lists. Single tempo (first +/// tempo event wins) — good enough for the demo; documented in the README. +fn load_midi(path: &str) -> Result<Song, String> { + use midly::{MetaMessage, MidiMessage, Smf, Timing, TrackEventKind}; + let data = std::fs::read(path).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?; + let smf = Smf::parse(&data).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?; + let ppq = match smf.header.timing { Timing::Metrical(t) => t.as_int() as f64, _ => 480.0 }; + // First tempo found across all tracks (us per quarter-note). + let mut tempo = 500_000.0_f64; + 'outer: for tr in &smf.tracks { + for ev in tr { + if let TrackEventKind::Meta(MetaMessage::Tempo(t)) = ev.kind { tempo = t.as_int() as f64; break 'outer; } + } + } + let spt = (tempo / 1e6) / ppq; // seconds per tick + let mut tracks = Vec::new(); + let mut dur = 0.0_f64; + for tr in &smf.tracks { + let mut tick = 0u64; + let mut name = String::new(); + let mut on: std::collections::HashMap<u8, (f64, u8)> = std::collections::HashMap::new(); + let mut notes = Vec::new(); + let mut drum_notes = 0usize; // notes seen on MIDI channel 10 (index 9) + for ev in tr { + tick += ev.delta.as_int() as u64; + let now = tick as f64 * spt; + match ev.kind { + TrackEventKind::Meta(MetaMessage::TrackName(bytes)) => + if name.is_empty() { name = String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes).trim().to_string(); }, + TrackEventKind::Midi { channel, message: MidiMessage::NoteOn { key, vel } } => { + if vel.as_int() > 0 { + on.insert(key.as_int(), (now, vel.as_int())); + if channel.as_int() == 9 { drum_notes += 1; } + } + else if let Some((t0, v)) = on.remove(&key.as_int()) { notes.push(Note { t: t0, pitch: key.as_int(), vel: v }); dur = dur.max(now); } + } + TrackEventKind::Midi { message: MidiMessage::NoteOff { key, .. }, .. } => { + if let Some((t0, v)) = on.remove(&key.as_int()) { notes.push(Note { t: t0, pitch: key.as_int(), vel: v }); dur = dur.max(now); } + } + _ => {} + } + } + if !notes.is_empty() { + notes.sort_by(|a, b| a.t.partial_cmp(&b.t).unwrap()); + let idx = tracks.len(); + let nm = if name.is_empty() { format!("Track {}", idx + 1) } else { name.clone() }; + // Percussion if most notes were on channel 10, or the name is a kit. + let is_drum = drum_notes * 2 > notes.len() || name_is_kit(&nm); + let mut t = mk_track(&nm, notes); + t.is_drum = is_drum; + tracks.push(t); + } + } + if tracks.is_empty() { return Err("no note tracks".into()); } + let bpm = (60.0 / (tempo / 1e6)).round() as u32; + Ok(Song { tracks, bpm, dur_sec: dur + 0.5 }) +} + +// ── cua-driver call + Win32 helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────── + +/// Print the per-note timing diff: how far each actuation landed from its +/// scheduled beat (actual − scheduled, ms). `mean`→0 means the adaptive lead +/// has cancelled the systematic latency; `sd`/`p90` are the residual jitter +/// (dominated by per-note `cua-driver call` subprocess spawn). +fn report_timing(errs: &[f64], base_lead_ms: f64) { + if errs.is_empty() { eprintln!("[timing] no notes measured"); return; } + let n = errs.len(); + let mut s = errs.to_vec(); + s.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + let mean = errs.iter().sum::<f64>() / n as f64; + let sd = (errs.iter().map(|e| (e - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / n as f64).sqrt(); + let absmean = errs.iter().map(|e| e.abs()).sum::<f64>() / n as f64; + let pct = |q: f64| s[((n as f64 * q) as usize).min(n - 1)]; + eprintln!( + "[timing] n={n} mean={mean:+.1}ms |mean|={absmean:.1}ms sd={sd:.1}ms \ + median={:+.1}ms p10={:+.1} p90={:+.1} min={:+.1} max={:+.1}", + pct(0.5), pct(0.1), pct(0.9), s[0], s[n - 1], + ); + eprintln!( + "[timing] base lead {:.0}ms, refined per-voice; + ⇒ late, − ⇒ early.", + base_lead_ms, + ); +} + +fn run_call(cua: &PathBuf, tool: &str, json: &str) -> bool { + Command::new(cua).arg("call").arg(tool).arg(json) + .stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + .status().map(|s| s.success()).unwrap_or(false) +} + +/// A persistent connection to the `cua-driver serve` daemon over its +/// line-delimited-JSON named pipe (`\\.\pipe\cua-driver`). The daemon handles +/// many requests per connection, so holding ONE open per track lets us pipeline +/// every note's click without paying a `cua-driver call` process spawn per note +/// — that spawn (tens of ms, high variance) was the entire timing-jitter +/// source. One connection per track also means tracks dispatch concurrently +/// server-side (a handler task per connection). +struct DaemonConn { + writer: std::fs::File, + reader: std::io::BufReader<std::fs::File>, +} + +impl DaemonConn { + fn open(pipe: &str) -> Option<DaemonConn> { + use std::time::Instant as I; + let deadline = I::now() + Duration::from_secs(3); + loop { + match std::fs::OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true).open(pipe) { + Ok(f) => { + let reader = std::io::BufReader::new(f.try_clone().ok()?); + return Some(DaemonConn { writer: f, reader }); + } + Err(_) if I::now() < deadline => thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(40)), + Err(_) => return None, + } + } + } + + /// Send one `call` and block for its response line. `args` is a JSON object + /// literal. Returns whether the tool reported ok. The daemon processes one + /// request per connection at a time and replies in order, so this lockstep + /// is safe and the response marks the actuation moment. + fn call(&mut self, tool: &str, args: &str) -> bool { + use std::io::{BufRead, Write}; + let line = format!(r#"{{"method":"call","name":"{tool}","args":{args}}}"#) + "\n"; + if self.writer.write_all(line.as_bytes()).is_err() { return false; } + if self.writer.flush().is_err() { return false; } + let mut resp = String::new(); + match self.reader.read_line(&mut resp) { + Ok(0) | Err(_) => false, + Ok(_) => resp.contains("\"ok\":true"), + } + } +} + +/// Window-local (x,y) fraction the cursor should click for a note. Melodic +/// strips map pitch → key cell (fixed y). Drum pads have no pitch, so we hop the +/// click around the pad each hit (deterministic per note index) — otherwise the +/// cursor would click dead-centre every time and look static; the hop makes the +/// 100ms glide visible. Must match jukebox-app's WX0/WX1/WY0/WY1/KEYS_SPAN. +fn target(p: &Voice, idx: usize, pitch: u8) -> (f64, f64) { + match p.kind { + Kind::Keys => { + let span = p.span.max(1); + let semi = (pitch as i32 - p.root).clamp(0, span - 1); + (WX0 + (semi as f64 + 0.5) / span as f64 * (WX1 - WX0), (WY0 + WY1) / 2.0) + } + Kind::Drums => { + // Click the kick / snare / hat zone this drum note belongs to. + let z = drum_zone(pitch); + (WX0 + (z as f64 + 0.5) / 3.0 * (WX1 - WX0), (WY0 + WY1) / 2.0) + } + Kind::Pad => { + let h = (idx as u32).wrapping_mul(2_654_435_761); + let xf = 0.30 + (h % 1000) as f64 / 1000.0 * 0.40; + let yf = WY0 + 0.10 + ((h / 1000) % 1000) as f64 / 1000.0 * (WY1 - WY0 - 0.20); + (xf, yf) + } + } +} + +fn work_area() -> RECT { + use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{SystemParametersInfoW, SPI_GETWORKAREA, SYSTEM_PARAMETERS_INFO_UPDATE_FLAGS}; + let mut wa = RECT::default(); + unsafe { let _ = SystemParametersInfoW(SPI_GETWORKAREA, 0, Some(&mut wa as *mut _ as *mut core::ffi::c_void), SYSTEM_PARAMETERS_INFO_UPDATE_FLAGS(0)); } + if wa.right <= wa.left || wa.bottom <= wa.top { + use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{GetSystemMetrics, SM_CXSCREEN, SM_CYSCREEN}; + unsafe { wa = RECT { left: 0, top: 0, right: GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), bottom: GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) }; } + } + wa +} + +fn place(hwnd: HWND, x: i32, y: i32, w: i32, h: i32, activate: bool) { + if hwnd.0.is_null() { return; } + let flags = if activate { SWP_SHOWWINDOW } else { SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_SHOWWINDOW | SWP_NOZORDER }; + unsafe { let _ = SetWindowPos(hwnd, HWND_TOP, x, y, w, h, flags); } +} + +/// Client-relative (0..1) → the click tool's window-local screenshot-pixel space +/// (ClientToScreen minus the DWM extended-frame top-left + 1px inset). Same math +/// as the multi-cursor demo. +fn client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd: HWND, rx: f64, ry: f64) -> Option<(i32, i32)> { + unsafe { + let mut cr = RECT::default(); + GetClientRect(hwnd, &mut cr).ok()?; + let mut pt = POINT { x: (rx * (cr.right - cr.left) as f64) as i32, y: (ry * (cr.bottom - cr.top) as f64) as i32 }; + let _ = ClientToScreen(hwnd, &mut pt); + let mut dwm = RECT::default(); + if DwmGetWindowAttribute(hwnd, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS, &mut dwm as *mut _ as *mut core::ffi::c_void, std::mem::size_of::<RECT>() as u32).is_err() { + return Some((pt.x, pt.y)); + } + Some((pt.x - dwm.left - 1, pt.y - dwm.top - 1)) + } +} + +// ── window discovery by title substring (case-insensitive) ────────────────────── +struct Finder { needle: String, hwnd: HWND, pid: u32 } +unsafe extern "system" fn enum_cb(hwnd: HWND, lparam: LPARAM) -> BOOL { + let f = &mut *(lparam.0 as *mut Finder); + if !IsWindowVisible(hwnd).as_bool() { return TRUE; } + let mut buf = [0u16; 256]; + let n = GetWindowTextW(hwnd, &mut buf); + if n > 0 { + let title = String::from_utf16_lossy(&buf[..n as usize]); + if title.to_lowercase().contains(&f.needle.to_lowercase()) { + let mut pid = 0u32; + GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, Some(&mut pid)); + f.hwnd = hwnd; f.pid = pid; + return BOOL(0); + } + } + TRUE +} +fn find_window_by_title(needle: &str) -> Option<(HWND, u32)> { + let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(8); + loop { + let mut f = Finder { needle: needle.to_string(), hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0 }; + unsafe { let _ = EnumWindows(Some(enum_cb), LPARAM(&mut f as *mut _ as isize)); } + if !f.hwnd.0.is_null() { return Some((f.hwnd, f.pid)); } + if Instant::now() > deadline { return None; } + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(300)); + } +} From 8d5469cddc5ed94dc67c651ae925c85e03b5e471 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dillon DuPont <ddupont@mit.edu> Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2026 10:08:23 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 05/10] fix(cua-driver-rs): point agent cursor along its path tangent while gliding MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The arrow heading was rate-limited toward the motion tangent (rotate_toward at 14 rad/s), so on fast/short glides — especially the fixed-duration ones — it couldn't turn quickly enough and lagged behind (or pointed the wrong way) during the move. Assign the heading directly to the path tangent each frame instead, so the tip tracks the trajectory. Applied to both shared render paths (tick_motion for Windows/Linux, tick_swift_constants for macOS) — no drift. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> --- .../crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs | 16 +++++++++------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs index b1dc1b8667..1dd06657a1 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs @@ -183,9 +183,11 @@ impl RenderStateCore { } else { let s: PathState = p.sample(self.dist); self.pos = (s.x, s.y); - let desired = s.heading + std::f64::consts::PI; - let max_step = 14.0 * dt; - self.heading = crate::util::rotate_toward(self.heading, desired, max_step); + // Point the arrow exactly along the path tangent (the renderer + // adds π, so we store tangent+π). Assigned directly rather than + // rate-limited toward it, so the tip actually tracks the + // trajectory instead of lagging behind on fast/short glides. + self.heading = s.heading + std::f64::consts::PI; } } else if let Some(mut s) = self.spring { if let Some((tx, ty, th)) = self.spring_tgt { @@ -289,10 +291,10 @@ impl RenderStateCore { } else { let s: PathState = p.sample(self.dist); self.pos = (s.x, s.y); - // Smooth heading rotation toward motion heading. - let desired = s.heading + std::f64::consts::PI; - let max_step = 14.0 * dt; - self.heading = crate::util::rotate_toward(self.heading, desired, max_step); + // Point the arrow exactly along the path tangent (renderer adds + // π, so store tangent+π). Direct assignment, not rate-limited, so + // the tip tracks the trajectory instead of lagging on fast moves. + self.heading = s.heading + std::f64::consts::PI; } } else if let Some(mut s) = self.spring { if let Some((tx, ty, th)) = self.spring_tgt { From 763f6610ee184459831f3eff28a92e34921959e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dillon DuPont <ddupont@mit.edu> Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2026 11:51:40 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 06/10] feat(cua-driver-rs): configurable turn_radius + multi-window z-order + click latency decouple MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit cursor-overlay/motion: Added `turn_radius` field to MotionConfig (default 80, clamped 1–1000) so callers can tighten glide curves. Exposed on both Windows and macOS `set_agent_cursor_motion` schemas (parity). The shared path planner reads it; no platform drift. platform-windows/overlay: Multi-window z-order fix — when >1 distinct window is driven, pin the overlay above the TOPMOST driven window (walks z-order top→down via GetTopWindow/GW_HWNDNEXT) rather than flipping to the last-active one. This keeps the overlay above all driven windows but below anything stacked above them (the user's foreground), fixing the cursor blink-out when many windows are actuated concurrently (e.g. jukebox's 8 tiles). Removed the earlier repaint-gate (skip composite when idle) — starting/stopping the full-screen UpdateLayeredWindow as activity changed made resting cursors flicker when any one clicked; steady per-frame blit is flicker-free and costs little during playback since something's almost always active. platform-windows/tools/impl_: Click latency decoupling — when `glide_duration_ms > 0` (fixed-duration glide), `overlay_glide_to` now sleeps the known duration instead of awaiting the render thread's arrival oneshot, so click dispatch is deterministic (glide_duration_ms wall-clock) and independent of overlay FPS. Under many concurrent cursors (10–12 fps debug, ~60 fps release) the arrival-await coupled click latency to render-thread scheduling; the sleep decouples it. Speed-based glides (glide_duration_ms == 0, the default) keep the precise arrival-await since their duration depends on distance — non-breaking. Per-cursor fade in/out already respected (each cursor's idle_alpha is applied in paint_cursor), and now animates correctly every frame with the repaint-gate removed. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> --- .../rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/motion.rs | 6 + .../crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs | 4 +- .../platform-macos/src/tools/cursor_tools.rs | 10 +- .../crates/platform-windows/src/overlay.rs | 107 +++++++++++------- .../platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs | 26 ++++- 5 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-) diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/motion.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/motion.rs index 67bb6217ef..eba976ca50 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/motion.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/motion.rs @@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ pub struct MotionConfig { pub min_start_speed: f64, /// Minimum cursor speed at end of glide (deceleration floor), pts/sec. pub min_end_speed: f64, + /// Minimum turning radius of the Dubins glide path, in points. Smaller = + /// tighter curves. Matches the Swift reference default of 80. + pub turn_radius: f64, } impl Default for MotionConfig { @@ -48,6 +51,7 @@ impl Default for MotionConfig { peak_speed: 900.0, min_start_speed: 300.0, min_end_speed: 200.0, + turn_radius: 80.0, } } } @@ -65,6 +69,7 @@ impl MotionConfig { dwell_after_click_ms: Option<f64>, idle_hide_ms: Option<f64>, press_duration_ms: Option<f64>, + turn_radius: Option<f64>, ) -> Self { fn clamp(v: f64, lo: f64, hi: f64) -> f64 { v.clamp(lo, hi) } Self { @@ -80,6 +85,7 @@ impl MotionConfig { peak_speed: self.peak_speed, min_start_speed: self.min_start_speed, min_end_speed: self.min_end_speed, + turn_radius: clamp(turn_radius.unwrap_or(self.turn_radius), 1.0, 1000.0), } } } diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs index 1dd06657a1..3d3579a054 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/cursor-overlay/src/render_state.rs @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ impl RenderStateCore { // tx = clickPoint.x + cos(endAngle) * clickOffset // ty = clickPoint.y + sin(endAngle) * clickOffset const CLICK_OFFSET: f64 = 16.0; - const TURN_RADIUS: f64 = 80.0; + let turn_radius = self.motion.turn_radius; let tx = x + end_heading_radians.cos() * CLICK_OFFSET; let ty = y + end_heading_radians.sin() * CLICK_OFFSET; @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ impl RenderStateCore { ty, th1, end_heading_radians, - TURN_RADIUS, + turn_radius, ); self.path = Some(plan); self.dist = 0.0; diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-macos/src/tools/cursor_tools.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-macos/src/tools/cursor_tools.rs index cb466e2e20..c927f0144a 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-macos/src/tools/cursor_tools.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-macos/src/tools/cursor_tools.rs @@ -172,6 +172,12 @@ fn motion_def() -> &'static ToolDef { "minimum": 0, "maximum": 60000, "description": "Auto-hide delay in ms. 0 = never hide. Default 20000." + }, + "turn_radius": { + "type": "number", + "minimum": 1, + "maximum": 1000, + "description": "Minimum turning radius of the glide path in points; smaller = tighter curves. Default 80." } }, "additionalProperties": false @@ -226,7 +232,8 @@ impl Tool for SetAgentCursorMotionTool { || args.get("spring").is_some() || args.get("glide_duration_ms").is_some() || args.get("dwell_after_click_ms").is_some() - || args.get("idle_hide_ms").is_some(); + || args.get("idle_hide_ms").is_some() + || args.get("turn_radius").is_some(); if motion_changed { // Read this cursor's current motion from the overlay, apply @@ -242,6 +249,7 @@ impl Tool for SetAgentCursorMotionTool { num(args.get("dwell_after_click_ms")), num(args.get("idle_hide_ms")), None, // press_duration_ms not exposed + num(args.get("turn_radius")), ); crate::cursor::overlay::send_command( cursor_id.clone(), diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/overlay.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/overlay.rs index b96e01d548..3c057fc3d1 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/overlay.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/overlay.rs @@ -628,52 +628,54 @@ unsafe extern "system" fn wnd_proc( } } - // Pin above the most-recently-touched cursor's target. - let pinned = map - .last_active - .as_ref() - .and_then(|k| map.cursors.get(k)) - .and_then(|rs| rs.core.pinned_wid); - - // Repaint-gate: compositing a full-virtual-screen pixmap and - // blitting it through UpdateLayeredWindow is the dominant - // per-frame cost (a DIB alloc + full-screen RGBA→BGRA copy + - // GPU blit). Skip it entirely on frames where nothing visibly - // changed — no command arrived, no cursor is mid-glide / - // spring / click-pulse — so a resting overlay costs ~nothing - // instead of burning that blit at the timer rate. One extra - // frame is forced after activity stops (`was_active`) so the - // final resting pose is drawn. - let any_active = map.cursors.values().any(|rs| { - rs.core.path.is_some() || rs.core.spring.is_some() || rs.core.click_t.is_some() - }); - static OVERLAY_WAS_ACTIVE: std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool = - std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(false); - let was_active = OVERLAY_WAS_ACTIVE.swap(any_active, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed); - let pixmap = if drained > 0 || any_active || was_active { - // Composite every cursor into ONE virtual-screen pixmap. - // tiny-skia fills are alpha-over, so insertion order = - // paint/z-order; idle/hidden cursors early-return inside - // paint_cursor so an idle session costs ~nothing. - let w = map.virt_w.max(1) as u32; - let h = map.virt_h.max(1) as u32; - let mut pm = tiny_skia::Pixmap::new(w.max(1), h.max(1)) - .unwrap_or_else(|| tiny_skia::Pixmap::new(1, 1).unwrap()); - for (_k, rs) in &map.cursors { - cursor_overlay::paint_cursor( - &mut pm, - &rs.core, - map.virt_x as f64, - map.virt_y as f64, - None, // focus-rect is macOS-only - ); + // Decide where to pin the single overlay window in z. + // + // The overlay is ONE full-virtual-screen layered window, so it + // can occupy only one z-slot. It must sit ABOVE every window a + // live cursor is actuating, but NOT above whatever sits above + // those (the user's foreground). The right slot is therefore + // "just above the HIGHEST-z actuating window": the overlay is + // full-screen, so being above the topmost driven window puts it + // above all of them (they're all at-or-below it), while still + // below anything stacked above them. Pinning above one fixed + // window (the old last-active behaviour) instead let any other + // driven window stacked above it occlude its cursors — the + // blink-out. NB: this is a RELATIVE z move (insert above a + // specific window), which works from this non-foreground + // thread; an absolute HWND_TOP can be refused by the + // foreground lock and sink the overlay behind everything. + let mut driven: Vec<u64> = Vec::new(); + for rs in map.cursors.values() { + if !rs.core.visible || rs.core.idle_alpha < 0.004 { continue; } + if let Some(w) = rs.core.pinned_wid { + if !driven.contains(&w) { driven.push(w); } } - Some(pm) - } else { - None - }; + } + let pinned = unsafe { topmost_of(&driven) }; + + // Composite every cursor into ONE virtual-screen pixmap and + // blit it every frame. (An earlier "skip when idle" gate was + // removed: starting/stopping the full-screen UpdateLayeredWindow + // as activity comes and goes made all the resting cursors + // flicker when any one of them clicked — very visible with many + // cursors. A steady per-frame blit is flicker-free, and during + // playback at least one cursor is almost always active anyway.) + let _ = drained; + let w = map.virt_w.max(1) as u32; + let h = map.virt_h.max(1) as u32; + let mut pm = tiny_skia::Pixmap::new(w.max(1), h.max(1)) + .unwrap_or_else(|| tiny_skia::Pixmap::new(1, 1).unwrap()); + for (_k, rs) in &map.cursors { + cursor_overlay::paint_cursor( + &mut pm, + &rs.core, + map.virt_x as f64, + map.virt_y as f64, + None, // focus-rect is macOS-only + ); + } - (pixmap, arrived, pinned) + (Some(pm), arrived, pinned) } else { (None, Vec::new(), None) } @@ -821,6 +823,23 @@ struct WinZOrderEnforcer { hwnd_isize: isize, } +/// Of the given window ids, return the one highest in the current z-order (the +/// first encountered walking top→bottom), or `None` if none are present. Used to +/// pick the single window the overlay should pin just above so it covers every +/// actuating window without rising above whatever sits above them. +#[cfg(target_os = "windows")] +unsafe fn topmost_of(ids: &[u64]) -> Option<u64> { + use windows::Win32::Foundation::HWND; + use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{GetTopWindow, GetWindow, GW_HWNDNEXT}; + if ids.is_empty() { return None; } + let mut h = GetTopWindow(None).unwrap_or(HWND(std::ptr::null_mut())); + while !h.0.is_null() { + if ids.contains(&(h.0 as u64)) { return Some(h.0 as u64); } + h = GetWindow(h, GW_HWNDNEXT).unwrap_or(HWND(std::ptr::null_mut())); + } + ids.first().copied() +} + impl ZOrderEnforcer for WinZOrderEnforcer { fn reassert(&self, target: Option<u64>) { #[cfg(target_os = "windows")] diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs index 3e424cea45..9479ab3f82 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs @@ -96,6 +96,28 @@ async fn overlay_glide_to(key: &str, sx: f64, sy: f64) { crate::overlay::send_command(key.to_owned(), cursor_overlay::OverlayCommand::ClickPulse { x: sx, y: sy }); return; } + // Fixed-duration glide → decouple the click from the render thread. When + // `glide_duration_ms > 0` the path completes in exactly that wall-clock time + // (see render_state::tick_motion), so instead of `await`-ing the render + // thread's arrival oneshot — which couples click latency to overlay FPS and + // degrades under many concurrent cursors — we fire the move and sleep the + // known duration. The click then lands a deterministic time after dispatch + // regardless of render load, while the cursor still animates visually on the + // render thread. Speed-based glides (`== 0`, the default) keep the precise + // arrival-await since their duration depends on distance. + let motion = crate::overlay::current_motion(key); + if motion.glide_duration_ms > 0.0 { + crate::overlay::send_command( + key.to_owned(), + cursor_overlay::OverlayCommand::MoveTo { + x: sx, + y: sy, + end_heading_radians: std::f64::consts::FRAC_PI_4, + }, + ); + tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(motion.glide_duration_ms as u64)).await; + return; + } crate::overlay::animate_cursor_to(key.to_owned(), sx, sy).await; } use cua_driver_core::{protocol::ToolResult, tool::{Tool, ToolDef, ToolRegistry}}; @@ -4032,7 +4054,8 @@ impl Tool for SetAgentCursorMotionTool { "spring":{"type":"number","description":"Settle damping [0.3,1.0]. Default 0.72."}, "glide_duration_ms":{"type":"number","minimum":50,"maximum":5000,"description":"Fixed flight duration per move in ms; omit for speed-based timing (the default)."}, "dwell_after_click_ms":{"type":"number","minimum":0,"maximum":5000,"description":"Pause after click ripple in ms. Default 80."}, - "idle_hide_ms":{"type":"number","minimum":0,"maximum":60000,"description":"Auto-hide delay in ms. 0=never. Default 20000."} + "idle_hide_ms":{"type":"number","minimum":0,"maximum":60000,"description":"Auto-hide delay in ms. 0=never. Default 20000."}, + "turn_radius":{"type":"number","minimum":1,"maximum":1000,"description":"Minimum turning radius of the glide path in points; smaller = tighter curves. Default 80."} },"additionalProperties":false }), read_only: false, destructive: false, idempotent: true, open_world: false, @@ -4068,6 +4091,7 @@ impl Tool for SetAgentCursorMotionTool { num(args.get("dwell_after_click_ms")), num(args.get("idle_hide_ms")), None, // press_duration_ms — not in Swift tool surface + num(args.get("turn_radius")), ); crate::overlay::send_command(cursor_id.clone(), cursor_overlay::OverlayCommand::SetMotion(updated.clone())); // Match Swift text format 1:1. From eb493fd6135e2d7074f6fd1bc3ca9e62e313917b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dillon DuPont <ddupont@mit.edu> Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2026 11:55:52 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 07/10] demo(jukebox): set turn_radius=40 for tighter glide curves in small tiles Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> --- demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs b/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs index be09ce01fc..d375b78ebd 100644 --- a/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs +++ b/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs @@ -319,8 +319,10 @@ fn main() { // Fixed 100ms glide so every actuation lands on the beat regardless // of travel distance (and so "occupied for the glide window" has a // known length the pool sizes against). + // turn_radius 40 = half the default 80 → tighter glide curves, which + // read better in the small tiles. let _ = run_call(&cua, "set_agent_cursor_motion", &format!( - r#"{{"session":"{session}","cursor_label":"{}","cursor_size":15,"glide_duration_ms":{glide_ms},"spring":1.0,"arc_size":0.08,"dwell_after_click_ms":0,"idle_hide_ms":0}}"#, + r#"{{"session":"{session}","cursor_label":"{}","cursor_size":15,"glide_duration_ms":{glide_ms},"spring":1.0,"arc_size":0.08,"dwell_after_click_ms":0,"idle_hide_ms":0,"turn_radius":40}}"#, t.name)); let _ = run_call(&cua, "set_agent_cursor_style", &format!( r#"{{"session":"{session}","gradient_colors":["{tip}","{}"],"bloom_color":"{}"}}"#, From fc9cbbdb5cf096c3f459a520d1b765c3b13a1b74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ddupont <3820588+ddupont808@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2026 14:02:52 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 08/10] Delete extra .md --- .../docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md | 306 ------------------ 1 file changed, 306 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md b/libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md deleted file mode 100644 index 01ee0573bf..0000000000 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/docs/windows-background-input-re-plan.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,306 +0,0 @@ -# Windows background computer-use: RE plan to kill the foreground "flash" - -> **RESOLVED (see "Implemented solution" below).** Background click + text-type -> now work on Win32, Chromium/Electron, and Tauri/WebView2 with **no foreground -> steal and no cursor movement**, verified end-to-end in -> `crates/cua-driver/tests/e2e_windows_bg_input_test.rs` (6/6 green, self-cleaning). - -## Implemented solution (what actually works) - -The decisive mechanism is **per-window `WS_EX_NOACTIVATE`** (`input/inject.rs::NoActivateGuard`), -armed on the target's top-level window for the duration of any non-foreground -click/type. While set, Windows refuses to make that window foreground/active **at -all** — click-activation, `WM_MOUSEACTIVATE`, and a self-`SetForegroundWindow(self)` -from a WPF/XAML/Tauri automation handler are all denied — while the window still -*receives* the click/keystroke. It is per-window (no session side effects) and -reverted on drop. - -Delivery is layered, all foreground-free and cursor-free: -- **UIA Invoke** for invokable elements (Chromium DOM, WebView2, UWP/XAML, native - controls) — fires the element's default action via the accessibility channel. -- **PostMessage** to the deepest child for plain Win32 clicks and `WM_CHAR` text. -- **Touch injection** (`InjectTouchInput`) for canvas/pixel left-clicks; **pen - injection** with the barrel flag (`InjectSyntheticPointerInput`, PT_PEN) for - right-clicks. Coordinate-routed, no cursor move. -A cloak/`SetWindowPos(SWP_NOACTIVATE)` z-order guard (`ZorderGuard`) covers any -residual z movement. The default `dispatch:"background"` now transparently -chooses among these — callers never pass a dispatch knob or learn the app type. - -### Rejected approach (recorded so it isn't retried) -A **global** foreground freeze via `SPI_SETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT` was implemented -and discarded: (1) it's a session-wide security setting that would leak if the -daemon were killed mid-action, and (2) it's **ineffective** — our own injected/ -posted input legitimizes the target's foreground claim, so the steal happens even -under a maxed lock. `WS_EX_NOACTIVATE` is categorical and per-window; use it. - -### Typing — automatic, no-raise routing -`type_text` picks the right delivery on its own (the caller never specifies a -framework): -1. **With an `element_index`** → try UIA `ValuePattern.SetValue` first. This sets - the value through the accessibility channel (no keystrokes) and, under the - `NoActivateGuard` (`WS_EX_NOACTIVATE`), a WPF/XAML automation peer's - `UIElement.Focus()`→`SetForegroundWindow` is denied — so WPF/WinForms/UWP and - many web inputs receive the text **with no foreground steal and no SendInput** - (RE-verified: text lands, foreground unchanged). Auto-falls-back to WM_CHAR if - the element has no ValuePattern. -2. **Legacy Win32 / GDI / Chromium-IME** → `PostMessage(WM_CHAR)` (no focus steal). -3. **WPF without an `element_index`** → cloaked-focus `SendInput` Unicode - keystrokes (capability-first; brief hidden focus). Supplying an `element_index` - (path 1) is preferred and never raises. - -`set_value` arms the same `NoActivateGuard`, so a background UIA value-write never -raises. The cloaked-`SendInput` paths (`inject_text_cloaked`, `inject_key_cloaked`) -are serialized by a global lock with a **1-second auto-expiry**, so concurrent -sessions can't garble the shared input queue or race the foreground restore, and -a stuck holder can never deadlock the others. - -### Keyboard accelerators — capability-first, UX best-effort -Plain **text** typing is fully background-free via `WM_CHAR` (no focus needed). -Keyboard **accelerators / key-combos** (Ctrl+S, Ctrl+A) need the target focused -because frameworks detect them via `GetKeyState`/`TranslateAccelerator`, which -only SendInput (system input queue) updates. cua-driver does **not** sacrifice -the action to preserve UX: `inject_key_cloaked` (`input/inject.rs`) **cloaks** the -target (so the raise is hidden), brings it foreground via the `AttachThreadInput` -trick (beats the foreground-lock without UIAccess), SendInputs the combo so it -actually fires, then restores the user's foreground and uncloaks. If focus truly -can't be obtained it falls back to PostMessage rather than dropping the keystroke. -Net: the accelerator is always delivered; the brief focus is hidden as much as -possible and the user's foreground is restored. (A UIAccess worker would let even -that brief focus happen without any restore, but it's no longer required for the -action to succeed.) - ---- - - -Status: investigation + plan. Reverse-engineering evidence gathered against -Windows 11 build 10.0.26100.8457 (June 2026). Reproducible toolkit + raw -findings live in the repo-root scratch dir `.re-windows/` (see -`.re-windows/FINDINGS.md`). Offsets are per-build RVAs — re-run the toolkit to -refresh for another build. - ---- - -## 1. Problem - -cua-driver actuates Windows input in the background (PostMessage / UIA Invoke) -so the daemon never steals foreground from the user. That works for most -targets. For five classes it does **not**, and the only working fallback is -`send_click_synthesized` / `send_key_synthesized` — which do -`SetForegroundWindow(target) → SendInput → restore`, i.e. a visible z-order -**flash**: - -| Target | Why background fails | Code | -|---|---|---| -| WPF buttons/textboxes | automation peer calls `UIElement.Focus()`→`SetForegroundWindow`, not gated by the EnableWindow bypass | `uia/fg_bypass.rs:70` | -| Chromium/CEF/Electron | renderer input thread requires SendInput-origin events | `input/mouse.rs` `is_chromium_target_window` | -| GTK buttons | button widgets ignore PostMessage clicks | `input/dispatch.rs` `is_gtk_target_window` | -| VCL (LibreOffice/SAL) accelerators | PostMessage(WM_KEYDOWN) doesn't update GetKeyState→TranslateAccelerator misses | `input/dispatch.rs` `is_vcl_target_window` | -| Pixel clicks on canvas/video/WebGL | UIA hit-test misses, no InvokePattern | `tools/impl_.rs` click path | - -All converge on `input/mouse.rs:237 send_click_synthesized` / -`input/keyboard.rs:333 send_key_synthesized`. - -Already solved adjacent cases: UIA Invoke for clickable elements; the -`EnableWindow(FALSE)` UWP self-foreground bypass (`uia/fg_bypass.rs`); -`AttachThreadInput` to beat the FG-lock in `bring_to_front`; the UIAccess worker -`cua-driver-uia.exe`. - ---- - -## 2. RE methodology (reproducible) - -Toolchain installed: conda env `re310` (Python 3.10 — `pdbparse`'s `construct` -dep needs the pre-3.12 `imp` module) with `pefile`, `capstone`, `pdbparse`, -`requests`; `objdump` (mingw) also present. Scripts in `.re-windows/`: - -1. `win32u_syscalls.py` — enumerate win32u.dll exports → syscall number by - disassembling each `mov eax,<ssn>; syscall` stub. Names come from the export - table, recovering the full (incl. undocumented) `NtUser*`/`NtGdi*` surface. -2. `trace_user32.py` — disassemble documented user32 wrappers, resolve - `call/jmp [rip+x]` against the IAT → the real `NtUser*` behind each API. -3. `fetch_pdb.py` — download the matching public PDB from `msdl.microsoft.com` - using the PE CodeView GUID+age. -4. `build_symbols.py` — parse a PDB → `<pdb>.syms` name↔RVA map (OMAP-aware). -5. `disasm_fn.py <kfull|kbase> <name>` — capstone disassembly of a kernel - function, annotating call/jmp targets with local + imported symbols. - -The general technique (find a hidden API and trace it to the kernel): win32u -stub enum → user32 IAT resolution → public PDB → annotated kernel disassembly. - -**Hard limit found:** public symbol-server PDBs are **stripped of the TPI type -stream** (`ti_min/ti_max = None`, 0 types). Enum *member values* are not -published — neither this toolkit nor WinDbg `dt` can read -`SetForegroundEffects` members from public symbols. Recovering them requires -empirical disassembly (caller-constant correlation) or an xref-capable tool -(Ghidra headless). See §5. - ---- - -## 3. Root cause, precisely - -`SetForegroundWindow` bundles three separable things; `SendInput` needs only #1: -1. **foreground input-queue ownership** — where raw SendInput events route; -2. **activation / keyboard focus** — WM_ACTIVATE, focus rect; -3. **z-order raise to HWND_TOP** — the visible flash. - -The decompiled kernel shows these are implemented as **separate code paths**. - ---- - -## 4. RE findings (verified by disassembly) - -### 4.1 user32 → win32u call graph (confirmed) -`SetForegroundWindow`→`NtUserSetForegroundWindow` (SSN 0x1556); -`SendInput`→`NtUserSendInput` (0x107a); -`InjectSyntheticPointerInput`→`NtUserInjectPointerInput` (0x14af); -`InitializeTouchInjection`→`NtUserInitializeTouchInjection` (0x14a9); -`RegisterPointerInputTarget`→`NtUserRegisterPointerInputTarget` (0x1509); -`BringWindowToTop`→(user-mode)`NtUserSetWindowPos`. - -### 4.2 Undocumented surface that maps onto the solution (from the 1,493-syscall enum) -- Injection (kernel-side, win32kbase): `NtUserInjectMouseInput`, - `NtUserInjectKeyboardInput`, `NtUserInjectPointerInput`, - `NtUserInjectTouchInput`, `NtUserInjectDeviceInput`, - `NtUserInitializeInputDeviceInjection`. -- Modern Input Transport ("MIT"): `NtMITSynthesizeMouseInput/KeyboardInput/ - TouchInput`, `NtMITSetLastInputRecipient`, `NtMITSetKeyboardInputRoutingPolicy`, - `NtMITSetInputDelegationMode`. -- Input-target redirection: `NtUserRegisterPointerInputTarget`, - `NtUserSetManipulationInputTarget`, `NtUserDelegateInput`/ - `NtUserHandleDelegatedInput`, `NtUserConvertToInterceptWindow`. -- Foreground variants: `NtUserSetBrokeredForeground`, - `NtUserSetForegroundWindowForApplication`, `NtUserClearForeground`, - `NtUserCanCurrentThreadChangeForeground`, `NtUserSetChildWindowNoActivate`, - `NtUserZapActiveAndFocus`. -- Cloak/composition: `NtUserRegisterCloakedNotification`, - `NtUserGet/SetWindowCompositionAttribute`, `NtUserSetCoveredWindowStates`. - -### 4.3 Activation ≠ z-order raise (core structural finding) -`NtUserSetForegroundWindow` (kfull 0x242f50) → -`xxxSetForegroundWindowWithOptions(wnd, ForegroundChangeAllowPolicy=2, -SetForegroundBehaviors=0, SetForegroundEffects=1)` (kfull 0x274674) → -`xxxSetForegroundWindow2(wnd, pti, behaviors)` (kfull 0x230d30). - -`xxxSetForegroundWindow2` performs **only input-queue/focus work** — -`SetNewForegroundQueue`, `ResetForegroundQueue`, -`xxxSetForegroundThreadWithWindowHint`, `xxxApplyGlobalInputSettings`, -`zzzInputFocusLost/ReceivedWindowEvent`, `zzzLockWindowUpdate2`, `StoreQMessage`, -`SetWakeBit`. **No SetWindowPos / HWND_TOP raise inside it.** The z-order raise -is a separate concern (`CalcForegroundInsertAfter` kfull 0x3687c; the raise -flows through `xxxActivateWindowWithOptions` kfull 0x1a61c8 which carries a -`LocalActivationOptions` enum, plus `xxxSetWindowPos`). Public -`SetForegroundWindow` hard-codes `Effects=1` (raise); other internal callers -pass different effects. A "NoActivate" foreground path provably exists: -`EditionTouchSetForegroundCheckNoActivate` (kfull 0x2758f0) / -`IsEditionTouchSetForegroundCheckNoActivateSupported` (0x1bc630), -`xxxForceForegroundWindowNoRestoreFocus` (0x22f55c), -`NtUserSetChildWindowNoActivate` (SSN 0x1543), and `SWP_NOACTIVATE` usage. - -### 4.4 Injection has no foreground precondition -`NtUserInjectMouseInput` (kbase 0x16d360): after WPP tracing it takes a -`ThreadLockedPerfRegion("InjectMouseInput")`, reads -`PsGetCurrentProcessWin32Process`, and validates a **per-process injection-enabled -state** (set up by `InitializeTouchInjection` / -`NtUserInitializeInputDeviceInjection`). There is **no GetForegroundWindow / -IsForegroundWindow gate**. Injected events enter the normal system input queue -and are hit-tested to the window under the screen point, independent of z-order/ -foreground. (`NtUserInjectKeyboardInput` kbase 0x16caa0, -`NtUserInjectPointerInput` kbase 0x1baf00 share the shape.) Activation-on-click -is then a separate, gateable consequence — not a precondition. - -### 4.5 `NtUserSetBrokeredForeground` is authorization, not actuation -kfull 0x242f50…`NtUserSetBrokeredForeground` (kfull 0x216c..) validates the -window (top-level, not destroyed, not message-only, `[wnd+0xec] ∈ {0xe,4}`) then -calls `_SetBrokeredForeground` (0x225ac8), which is just -`InternalSetProp(wnd, brokered-fg-atom, W32Thread, flags=5)`. It stamps a grant -property (like `AllowSetForegroundWindow`); it does not raise/activate. Useful -only to *authorize* a subsequent foreground change, not as a flash-free actuator. - ---- - -## 5. Open RE question + how to close it - -The one unknown blocking a clean Track-B implementation: **which -`SetForegroundEffects` / `LocalActivationOptions` member means -"activate/focus but DON'T raise z-order", and which (if any) syscall already -passes it.** Public PDBs can't answer (no TPI). Two ways to close it: - -1. **Empirical caller-constant correlation** (toolkit only): enumerate every - caller of `xxxSetForegroundWindowWithOptions` / `xxxActivateWindowWithOptions` - and record the Effects/Options constant each passes; then find the `cmp`/`bt` - on that arg that guards the `xxxSetWindowPos`/`CalcForegroundInsertAfter` - raise. The constant on the no-raise branch is the member we want. - (Needs xrefs — easiest with Ghidra headless importing the public PDB; - capstone linear scan can't xref. Add Ghidra to the toolkit for this step.) -2. **Dynamic confirmation** (cheaper, decisive): build the z-drop poller harness - (§7) and just try each candidate path against a background window, measuring - visible z-order drops. Behavior is the real oracle; we don't strictly need - the enum name if a path measures 0 drops. - ---- - -## 6. Solution tracks (ranked, now evidence-backed) - -### Track A — Pointer/touch/mouse injection ⭐ strongest -`InjectSyntheticPointerInput` / `InjectTouchInput` / (lower) -`NtUserInjectMouseInput`. §4.4 proves injection routes by coordinate with **no -foreground precondition** — collapses Chromium + GTK + pixel-click into one -background actuator. Open sub-question: does the click's *activation* still -raise? Controlled by Track B's gating. Risk: target must accept WM_POINTER -(Chromium does); injection may require the daemon to be UIAccess — route via -`cua-driver-uia.exe` if so (already exists). - -### Track B — Activate/focus without raise -§4.3 proves the raise is separate from `xxxSetForegroundWindow2`'s queue/focus -work and gated by the Effects/Options enums. Implementation options: -(a) `AttachThreadInput` + `SetActiveWindow`/`SetFocus` (no `SetForegroundWindow`) -to put queue-focus on the target without HWND_TOP; (b) drive the input-queue -foreground while pinning z-order back via the SWP_NOZORDER/SWP_NOACTIVATE -machinery; (c) reach a no-raise foreground path once §5 identifies it. - -### Track C — DWM cloak (visual suppression fallback) -Cloak target (`DwmSetWindowAttribute(DWMWA_CLOAK)` / `NtUserSetWindowComposition -Attribute`) → normal SFW+SendInput → uncloak → restore. Cloaked windows keep -WS_VISIBLE and receive input but composite to nothing, so the raise is invisible. -The cloak/composition syscalls exist (§4.2). Pair with -`DWMWA_TRANSITIONS_FORCEDISABLED`. Risk: relayout on cloak; cloak/uncloak latency. - -### Track D — Per-framework entry points -WPF: try `LegacyIAccessiblePattern.DoDefaultAction` (MSAA `accDoDefaultAction`) -instead of `InvokePattern.Invoke` (may not call `Focus()`). VCL: after -`AttachThreadInput`, seed modifier state with `SetKeyboardState` on the shared -queue so `TranslateAccelerator`'s `GetKeyState` reads correctly — likely fixes -VCL hotkeys flash-free. Largely subsumed by A/B. - -### Track E — Visual-only suppression (universal backstop) -Keep SFW but in the same turn `SetWindowPos(target, prev_top, SWP_NOACTIVATE| -SWP_NOMOVE|SWP_NOSIZE)` to drop it back under the user's window, and disable DWM -transitions. Sub-frame, race-prone, but safe where A–C don't land. - ---- - -## 7. Sequencing - -1. **Build the oracle first** — commit the flash-repro z-drop poller (referenced - in `uia/fg_bypass.rs` comments but not in-repo) and add per-framework cases to - `crates/cua-driver/tests/harness_bg_modality_test.rs`. Success bar = the - 0/507 z-drops the UWP bypass already hit. -2. **Track A probe** — touch/pointer injection at a background Chrome button's - screen coords; measure z-drops + confirm the click registered. -3. **Track B probe** — `AttachThreadInput`+`SetActiveWindow`+inject; measure. -4. **Close §5** — Ghidra xref pass OR accept the dynamic result from steps 2–3. -5. **Track C** as fallback for whatever A/B don't cover (likely WPF). -6. **Track E** universal backstop. -7. Wire winners into `input/dispatch.rs` as new sub-modes, or make `background` - transparently try A→B→C before returning `background_unavailable`, gated by - the existing per-class detectors. - -Each track deliverable: a short RE note (paths confirmed, with `.syms`/offset -citations), a committed probe, z-drop numbers vs baseline, go/no-go on wiring in. - ---- - -## 8. Caveats / legal -RE here is interop-oriented behavior discovery; use ReactOS/Wine as the -clean-room reference and don't ship copied MS code. The `.re-windows/` scratch -dir holds ~5MB of downloaded public PDBs — gitignore or relocate before commit. From 0e92100c6fc10b90c4ff01737d4aef76b263c75b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dillon DuPont <ddupont@mit.edu> Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2026 14:27:20 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 09/10] =?UTF-8?q?fix:=20code=20review=20findings=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=94=20MIDI=20channel=20keying,=20null=20HWND=20validation?= =?UTF-8?q?,=20NoActivateGuard=20gate,=20pre-drag=20MOUSEMOVE=20wParam?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit - demo/jukebox: Key active-note map by (channel, pitch) to handle polyphonic same-pitch and multi-channel collisions - libs/cua-driver(inject): Validate target HWND with IsWindow before guards in inject_click_screen/inject_drag_screen (early bail on null/stale) - libs/cua-driver(inject): Fix NoActivateGuard to apply WS_EX_NOACTIVATE even when prev==0 (was gated incorrectly) - libs/cua-driver(inject): Add TODO for ZorderGuard occlusion check + original topmost preservation (deferred, non-trivial) - libs/cua-driver(mouse): Pre-drag WM_MOUSEMOVE uses wParam=0 (no buttons down yet) instead of wparam Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> --- .vscode/settings.json | 15 +- demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs | 16 +- demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.lock | 132 +++++ demo/multi-cursor/README.md | 51 +- demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/Program.cs | 110 +++- demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/Program.cs | 144 +++-- demo/multi-cursor/electron/index.html | 111 +++- demo/multi-cursor/electron/main.js | 8 +- demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/src/main.rs | 518 ++++++++--------- demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/Cargo.toml | 2 + demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/src/main.rs | 544 ++++++++++++------ .../platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs | 34 +- .../platform-windows/src/input/mouse.rs | 3 +- 13 files changed, 1128 insertions(+), 560 deletions(-) diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json index c06f93aadf..c2db3d0c77 100644 --- a/.vscode/settings.json +++ b/.vscode/settings.json @@ -21,5 +21,18 @@ ], "mypy-type-checker.path": [ "${workspaceFolder}" - ] + ], + "workbench.colorCustomizations": { + "activityBar.background": "#410A56", + "titleBar.activeBackground": "#5A0E78", + "titleBar.activeForeground": "#FEFBFF", + "titleBar.inactiveBackground": "#410A56", + "titleBar.inactiveForeground": "#FEFBFF", + "statusBar.background": "#410A56", + "statusBar.foreground": "#FEFBFF", + "statusBar.debuggingBackground": "#410A56", + "statusBar.debuggingForeground": "#FEFBFF", + "statusBar.noFolderBackground": "#410A56", + "statusBar.noFolderForeground": "#FEFBFF" + } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs b/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs index d375b78ebd..d1d3e1f55a 100644 --- a/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs +++ b/demo/jukebox/orchestrator/src/main.rs @@ -632,7 +632,9 @@ fn load_midi(path: &str) -> Result<Song, String> { for tr in &smf.tracks { let mut tick = 0u64; let mut name = String::new(); - let mut on: std::collections::HashMap<u8, (f64, u8)> = std::collections::HashMap::new(); + // Key by (channel, pitch) so overlapping same-pitch notes on different + // channels don't collide, and polyphonic same-pitch (rare) is handled. + let mut on: std::collections::HashMap<(u8, u8), (f64, u8)> = std::collections::HashMap::new(); let mut notes = Vec::new(); let mut drum_notes = 0usize; // notes seen on MIDI channel 10 (index 9) for ev in tr { @@ -642,14 +644,16 @@ fn load_midi(path: &str) -> Result<Song, String> { TrackEventKind::Meta(MetaMessage::TrackName(bytes)) => if name.is_empty() { name = String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes).trim().to_string(); }, TrackEventKind::Midi { channel, message: MidiMessage::NoteOn { key, vel } } => { + let ch = channel.as_int(); + let pitch = key.as_int(); if vel.as_int() > 0 { - on.insert(key.as_int(), (now, vel.as_int())); - if channel.as_int() == 9 { drum_notes += 1; } + on.insert((ch, pitch), (now, vel.as_int())); + if ch == 9 { drum_notes += 1; } } - else if let Some((t0, v)) = on.remove(&key.as_int()) { notes.push(Note { t: t0, pitch: key.as_int(), vel: v }); dur = dur.max(now); } + else if let Some((t0, v)) = on.remove(&(ch, pitch)) { notes.push(Note { t: t0, pitch, vel: v }); dur = dur.max(now); } } - TrackEventKind::Midi { message: MidiMessage::NoteOff { key, .. }, .. } => { - if let Some((t0, v)) = on.remove(&key.as_int()) { notes.push(Note { t: t0, pitch: key.as_int(), vel: v }); dur = dur.max(now); } + TrackEventKind::Midi { channel, message: MidiMessage::NoteOff { key, .. } } => { + if let Some((t0, v)) = on.remove(&(channel.as_int(), key.as_int())) { notes.push(Note { t: t0, pitch: key.as_int(), vel: v }); dur = dur.max(now); } } _ => {} } diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.lock b/demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.lock index a4fa7af6c4..8df441af11 100644 --- a/demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.lock +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/Cargo.lock @@ -2,6 +2,83 @@ # It is not intended for manual editing. version = 4 +[[package]] +name = "adler2" +version = "2.0.1" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "320119579fcad9c21884f5c4861d16174d0e06250625266f50fe6898340abefa" + +[[package]] +name = "autocfg" +version = "1.5.1" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53" + +[[package]] +name = "bitflags" +version = "2.11.1" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "c4512299f36f043ab09a583e57bceb5a5aab7a73db1805848e8fef3c9e8c78b3" + +[[package]] +name = "bytemuck" +version = "1.25.0" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "c8efb64bd706a16a1bdde310ae86b351e4d21550d98d056f22f8a7f7a2183fec" + +[[package]] +name = "byteorder-lite" +version = "0.1.0" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "8f1fe948ff07f4bd06c30984e69f5b4899c516a3ef74f34df92a2df2ab535495" + +[[package]] +name = "cfg-if" +version = "1.0.4" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801" + +[[package]] +name = "crc32fast" +version = "1.5.0" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "9481c1c90cbf2ac953f07c8d4a58aa3945c425b7185c9154d67a65e4230da511" +dependencies = [ + "cfg-if", +] + +[[package]] +name = "fdeflate" +version = "0.3.7" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "1e6853b52649d4ac5c0bd02320cddc5ba956bdb407c4b75a2c6b75bf51500f8c" +dependencies = [ + "simd-adler32", +] + +[[package]] +name = "flate2" +version = "1.1.9" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "843fba2746e448b37e26a819579957415c8cef339bf08564fe8b7ddbd959573c" +dependencies = [ + "crc32fast", + "miniz_oxide", +] + +[[package]] +name = "image" +version = "0.25.10" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "85ab80394333c02fe689eaf900ab500fbd0c2213da414687ebf995a65d5a6104" +dependencies = [ + "bytemuck", + "byteorder-lite", + "moxcms", + "num-traits", + "png", +] + [[package]] name = "legacy-app" version = "0.1.0" @@ -9,13 +86,56 @@ dependencies = [ "windows", ] +[[package]] +name = "miniz_oxide" +version = "0.8.9" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "1fa76a2c86f704bdb222d66965fb3d63269ce38518b83cb0575fca855ebb6316" +dependencies = [ + "adler2", + "simd-adler32", +] + +[[package]] +name = "moxcms" +version = "0.8.1" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "bb85c154ba489f01b25c0d36ae69a87e4a1c73a72631fc6c0eb6dde34a73e44b" +dependencies = [ + "num-traits", + "pxfm", +] + +[[package]] +name = "num-traits" +version = "0.2.19" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "071dfc062690e90b734c0b2273ce72ad0ffa95f0c74596bc250dcfd960262841" +dependencies = [ + "autocfg", +] + [[package]] name = "orchestrator" version = "0.1.0" dependencies = [ + "image", "windows", ] +[[package]] +name = "png" +version = "0.18.1" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "60769b8b31b2a9f263dae2776c37b1b28ae246943cf719eb6946a1db05128a61" +dependencies = [ + "bitflags", + "crc32fast", + "fdeflate", + "flate2", + "miniz_oxide", +] + [[package]] name = "proc-macro2" version = "1.0.106" @@ -25,6 +145,12 @@ dependencies = [ "unicode-ident", ] +[[package]] +name = "pxfm" +version = "0.1.29" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "e0c5ccf5294c6ccd63a74f1565028353830a9c2f5eb0c682c355c471726a6e3f" + [[package]] name = "quote" version = "1.0.45" @@ -34,6 +160,12 @@ dependencies = [ "proc-macro2", ] +[[package]] +name = "simd-adler32" +version = "0.3.9" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "703d5c7ef118737c72f1af64ad2f6f8c5e1921f818cdcb97b8fe6fc69bf66214" + [[package]] name = "syn" version = "2.0.117" diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/README.md b/demo/multi-cursor/README.md index c57fa81bba..496fee1387 100644 --- a/demo/multi-cursor/README.md +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/README.md @@ -1,36 +1,43 @@ -# Multi-cursor background computer-use demo +# Multi-cursor background computer-use demo — "National Records System" -Shows off cua-driver's Windows background actuation: **one human action in a -foreground window is replayed onto four background windows at the same time**, -each driven by its own cua-driver session = its own uniquely-coloured agent -cursor — with **no window ever raised** and **the user's mouse never moved**. +A fleet of deliberately **legacy-looking government records terminals** (navy +banner, `UNCLASSIFIED // FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY` strip, function-key bar, +green-screen records grid, status line) — the kind of internal agency app that, +in the age of AI, has *no* automation integration. cua-driver automates them +anyway. + +One human action in the foreground "master" terminal is replayed onto **four +background terminals at the same time**, each driven by its own cua-driver +session = its own uniquely-coloured agent cursor — with **no window ever +raised** and **the user's mouse never moved**. It also proves cua-driver works **with or without an accessibility tree**: the five windows span five UI frameworks, and cua-driver's default dispatch auto-selects UIA-Invoke where an a11y tree exists and falls back to pixel/pointer-injection where it doesn't. -## Layout (2×2 + center) +## Layout (each window = ½ work-width × ½ work-height) + +The four corners tile the taskbar-safe work area into quadrants; the master is +centered, **overlapping all four**: ``` - ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ - │ Win32 GDI │ crimson ● │ WinForms │ amber ● - │ (NO a11y tree) │ │ (.NET classic) │ - └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ - ┌───────────────┐ - │ MASTER │ ← you click / type here (foreground) - │ (Win32 ctrls) │ - └───────────────┘ - ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ - │ WPF │ aqua ● │ Electron │ mint_lime ● - │ (XAML / UIA) │ │ (Chromium) │ - └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ + ┌────────────────────────┬────────────────────────┐ + │ Win32 GDI (NO a11y) │ WinForms (.NET) │ + │ crimson ● │ amber ● │ + │ ┌────────────────────────┐ │ + │ │ MASTER — Win32 controls │ ← you │ + ├───────────│ (foreground, overlaps) │─────────────┤ + │ WPF (XAML)│ │ Electron │ + │ └────────────────────────┘ mint_lime ● │ + │ aqua ● │ (Chromium) │ + └────────────────────────┴────────────────────────┘ ``` -The four corners are background windows. When you click **SUBMIT** (or type a -name and submit) in the center master, four coloured cursors glide onto the -four corners and perform the same action there — concurrently, in the -background. Watch the corners' "Clicks:"/"Last:" lines update without any +Click **SUBMIT** (or type a subject name then submit) in the center master: +four coloured cursors glide onto the four corner terminals and commit the same +record there — concurrently, in the background. Watch each corner's +green-screen records grid grow and its `RECORDS:` counter tick up, without any corner ever coming to the front. ## Frameworks (and what they exercise) diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/Program.cs b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/Program.cs index 2bc11bd865..88759c4c59 100644 --- a/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/Program.cs +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/winforms/Program.cs @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ using System; +using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Drawing; using System.Windows.Forms; -// WinForms copy of the shared "legacy form" — classic Win32-backed controls -// (MSAA/UIA exposed). A normal app; cua-driver drives it like any other. +// "Meridian CRM — Account Record" : WinForms node (classic Win32 controls, +// MSAA/UIA). Explicit fractional layout (dense, no gaps beyond borders). +// cua-driver drives the Account Name field + the "Add Record" button. static class Program { [STAThread] @@ -12,40 +14,86 @@ static void Main() Application.EnableVisualStyles(); Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); - var f = new Form - { - Text = "WinForms (.NET classic)", - ClientSize = new Size(480, 300), - FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedSingle, - MaximizeBox = false, - StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual, - }; + var f = new Form { Text = "Meridian CRM — Account Record [WinForms]", ClientSize = new Size(960, 600), + StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual, Font = new Font("Segoe UI", 9f), BackColor = Color.FromArgb(240,240,240) }; - var title = new Label - { - Text = "WinForms (.NET classic)", - Bounds = new Rectangle(0, 8, 480, 28), - TextAlign = ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter, - Font = new Font("Segoe UI", 11f, FontStyle.Bold), - }; - var nameLbl = new Label { Text = "Name:", Bounds = new Rectangle(20, 72, 60, 20) }; - var box = new TextBox { Bounds = new Rectangle(90, 70, 300, 24) }; - var btn = new Button { Text = "SUBMIT", Bounds = new Rectangle(160, 150, 160, 46) }; - var status = new Label { Text = "Clicks: 0 Last: (none)", Bounds = new Rectangle(20, 220, 440, 24) }; + Label band(string t, Color bg, ContentAlignment a = ContentAlignment.MiddleLeft, FontStyle fs = FontStyle.Regular) + => new Label { Text = t, BackColor = bg, TextAlign = a, Font = new Font("Segoe UI", 9f, fs) }; - int clicks = 0; - btn.Click += (s, e) => + var menu = band(" File Edit View Record Tools Help", Color.FromArgb(247,247,247)); + var tool = band(" New Open Save Delete │ ◀ Prev Next ▶ │ Find", Color.FromArgb(235,235,235)); + var nameLbl = band(" Account Name", Color.FromArgb(240,240,240)); + var typeLbl = band(" Account Type", Color.FromArgb(240,240,240)); + var regionLbl = band(" Region", Color.FromArgb(240,240,240)); + var prioLbl = band(" Priority (1-5)", Color.FromArgb(240,240,240)); + var creditLbl = band(" Credit Limit", Color.FromArgb(240,240,240)); + var nameBox = new TextBox { BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle }; + var typeCmb = new ComboBox { DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList, FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Flat }; + typeCmb.Items.AddRange(new object[] { "Enterprise", "SMB", "Government", "Reseller" }); typeCmb.SelectedIndex = 0; + var regionCmb = new ComboBox { DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList, FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Flat }; + regionCmb.Items.AddRange(new object[] { "North", "South", "EMEA", "APAC", "LATAM" }); regionCmb.SelectedIndex = 0; + var prio = new TrackBar { Minimum = 1, Maximum = 5, Value = 3, TickStyle = TickStyle.BottomRight }; + var credit = new TrackBar { Minimum = 0, Maximum = 100, Value = 40, TickFrequency = 10, TickStyle = TickStyle.BottomRight }; + var saveBtn = new Button { Text = "Add Record", FlatStyle = FlatStyle.System, Font = new Font("Segoe UI", 10f, FontStyle.Bold) }; + var sigHdr = band(" Signature / Notes", Color.FromArgb(225,225,225), ContentAlignment.MiddleLeft, FontStyle.Bold); + var sig = new Panel { BackColor = Color.White, BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle }; + var grid = new DataGridView { AllowUserToAddRows = false, ReadOnly = true, BackgroundColor = Color.White, + BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle, RowHeadersVisible = false, AllowUserToResizeRows = false, + ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.DisableResizing }; + grid.Columns.Add("acct", "Account"); grid.Columns.Add("type", "Type"); grid.Columns.Add("region", "Region"); + grid.Columns.Add("pri", "Pri"); grid.Columns.Add("credit", "Credit"); + grid.Columns["acct"].AutoSizeMode = DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnMode.Fill; + var status = band(" Ready", Color.FromArgb(232,232,232)); + var recLbl = band("Records: 0 USER: SYSTEM ▌ CONNECTED ", Color.FromArgb(232,232,232), ContentAlignment.MiddleRight); + + // line tool: one straight segment per press-drag-release (down→up) + var segs = new List<(Point a, Point b)>(); Point? down = null; Point cur = Point.Empty; + sig.MouseDown += (s, e) => { down = e.Location; cur = e.Location; }; + sig.MouseMove += (s, e) => { if (down != null) { cur = e.Location; sig.Invalidate(); } }; + sig.MouseUp += (s, e) => { if (down != null) { segs.Add((down.Value, e.Location)); down = null; sig.Invalidate(); } }; + sig.Paint += (s, e) => { e.Graphics.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias; + using var p = new Pen(Color.MidnightBlue, 2); foreach (var sg in segs) e.Graphics.DrawLine(p, sg.a, sg.b); + if (down != null) { using var pp = new Pen(Color.FromArgb(110, 25, 25, 112), 1); e.Graphics.DrawLine(pp, down.Value, cur); } }; + + int records = 0; + saveBtn.Click += (s, e) => { - clicks++; - string last = box.Text.Length == 0 ? "(none)" : box.Text; - status.Text = $"Clicks: {clicks} Last: {last}"; + string nm = nameBox.Text.Trim(); if (nm.Length == 0) nm = "(unnamed)"; + grid.Rows.Add(nm, typeCmb.Text, regionCmb.Text, prio.Value, "$" + (credit.Value * 1000)); + if (grid.Rows.Count > 0) grid.FirstDisplayedScrollingRowIndex = grid.Rows.Count - 1; + records++; status.Text = $" Saved account '{nm}'."; recLbl.Text = $"Records: {records} USER: SYSTEM ▌ CONNECTED "; + nameBox.Clear(); }; - f.Controls.Add(title); - f.Controls.Add(nameLbl); - f.Controls.Add(box); - f.Controls.Add(btn); - f.Controls.Add(status); + foreach (Control c in new Control[] { menu, tool, nameLbl, typeLbl, regionLbl, prioLbl, creditLbl, + nameBox, typeCmb, regionCmb, prio, credit, saveBtn, sigHdr, sig, grid, status, recLbl }) + f.Controls.Add(c); + + void Layout() + { + int W = f.ClientSize.Width, H = f.ClientSize.Height; + int X(double a) => (int)(W * a); int Y(double a) => (int)(H * a); + Rectangle R(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1) => Rectangle.FromLTRB(X(x0), Y(y0), X(x1), Y(y1)); + menu.Bounds = R(0, 0, 1, 0.045); + tool.Bounds = R(0, 0.045, 1, 0.095); + double lc = 0.13; // label/control split + nameLbl.Bounds = R(0, 0.105, lc, 0.16); nameBox.Bounds = R(lc, 0.105, 0.42, 0.16); + typeLbl.Bounds = R(0, 0.165, lc, 0.22); typeCmb.Bounds = R(lc, 0.167, 0.42, 0.22); + regionLbl.Bounds = R(0, 0.225, lc, 0.28); regionCmb.Bounds = R(lc, 0.227, 0.42, 0.28); + prioLbl.Bounds = R(0, 0.285, lc, 0.345); prio.Bounds = R(lc, 0.285, 0.42, 0.345); + creditLbl.Bounds = R(0, 0.35, lc, 0.41); credit.Bounds = R(lc, 0.35, 0.42, 0.41); + saveBtn.Bounds = R(0.04, 0.45, 0.40, 0.52); + sigHdr.Bounds = R(0.42, 0.095, 1, 0.135); + sig.Bounds = R(0.42, 0.135, 0.995, 0.42); + grid.Bounds = R(0.005, 0.55, 0.995, 0.93); + status.Bounds = R(0, 0.94, 0.5, 1); + recLbl.Bounds = R(0.5, 0.94, 1, 1); + float gfs = Math.Max(8, H / 70f); + grid.Font = new Font("Segoe UI", gfs); + grid.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.Font = new Font("Segoe UI", gfs, FontStyle.Bold); + } + f.Load += (s, e) => Layout(); + f.Resize += (s, e) => Layout(); Application.Run(f); } } diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/Program.cs b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/Program.cs index fde29a27b9..7a5f07348e 100644 --- a/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/Program.cs +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/dotnet/wpf/Program.cs @@ -1,63 +1,131 @@ using System; +using System.Collections.ObjectModel; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; +using System.Windows.Controls.Primitives; using System.Windows.Media; +using System.Windows.Shapes; -// WPF copy of the shared "legacy form" — XAML/UIA. Built in code (no XAML file) -// for a single-file project. A normal app; cua-driver drives it via UIA Invoke. +// "Meridian CRM — Account Record" : WPF node (XAML / UIA). Real Slider / +// ComboBox / InkCanvas (doodle) / DataGrid (spreadsheet). Account Name TextBox +// + SAVE button are what cua-driver drives. class Program { + public class RowVM + { + public string Account { get; set; } public string Type { get; set; } + public string Region { get; set; } public int Pri { get; set; } public string Credit { get; set; } + } + [STAThread] static void Main() { var app = new Application(); - var canvas = new Canvas { Background = Brushes.WhiteSmoke }; + var rows = new ObservableCollection<RowVM>(); + var gray = new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromRgb(0xE0, 0xE0, 0xE0)); + + // menu + var menu = new Menu(); + foreach (var m in new[] { "File", "Edit", "View", "Record", "Tools", "Help" }) + menu.Items.Add(new MenuItem { Header = m }); + // toolbar + var tray = new ToolBarTray(); + var tb = new ToolBar(); + foreach (var t in new[] { "New", "Open", "Save", "Delete", "|", "◀ Prev", "Next ▶", "|", "Find" }) + tb.Items.Add(t == "|" ? (object)new Separator() : new Button { Content = t, Padding = new Thickness(6, 1, 6, 1) }); + tray.ToolBars.Add(tb); - var title = new TextBlock + // ── left form (dense grid; cell borders only) ─────────────────────── + var form = new Grid { Background = Brushes.White }; + form.ColumnDefinitions.Add(new ColumnDefinition { Width = new GridLength(120) }); + form.ColumnDefinitions.Add(new ColumnDefinition { Width = new GridLength(1, GridUnitType.Star) }); + TextBlock lbl(string t) => new TextBlock { Text = " " + t, VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center, Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromRgb(0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0)) }; + int r = 0; + void AddRow(string label, FrameworkElement c, double h = 30) { - Text = "WPF (XAML / UIA)", - FontSize = 16, - FontWeight = FontWeights.Bold, - Width = 480, - TextAlignment = TextAlignment.Center, - }; - Canvas.SetLeft(title, 0); Canvas.SetTop(title, 10); + form.RowDefinitions.Add(new RowDefinition { Height = new GridLength(h) }); + var b1 = new Border { BorderBrush = gray, BorderThickness = new Thickness(0, 0, 1, 1), Child = lbl(label) }; + Grid.SetRow(b1, r); Grid.SetColumn(b1, 0); form.Children.Add(b1); + var b2 = new Border { BorderBrush = gray, BorderThickness = new Thickness(0, 0, 0, 1), Child = c }; + Grid.SetRow(b2, r); Grid.SetColumn(b2, 1); form.Children.Add(b2); + r++; + } + var nameBox = new TextBox { BorderThickness = new Thickness(0), VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center }; + var typeCmb = new ComboBox { BorderThickness = new Thickness(0) }; + foreach (var s in new[] { "Enterprise", "SMB", "Government", "Reseller" }) typeCmb.Items.Add(s); typeCmb.SelectedIndex = 0; + var regionCmb = new ComboBox { BorderThickness = new Thickness(0) }; + foreach (var s in new[] { "North", "South", "EMEA", "APAC", "LATAM" }) regionCmb.Items.Add(s); regionCmb.SelectedIndex = 0; + var priority = new Slider { Minimum = 1, Maximum = 5, Value = 3, TickFrequency = 1, IsSnapToTickEnabled = true, TickPlacement = TickPlacement.BottomRight, VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center }; + var credit = new Slider { Minimum = 0, Maximum = 100, Value = 40, TickFrequency = 10, TickPlacement = TickPlacement.BottomRight, VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center }; + AddRow("Account Name", nameBox); + AddRow("Account Type", typeCmb); + AddRow("Region", regionCmb); + AddRow("Priority (1-5)", priority); + AddRow("Credit Limit", credit); + var saveBtn = new Button { Content = "Add Record", FontWeight = FontWeights.Bold }; + form.RowDefinitions.Add(new RowDefinition { Height = new GridLength(40) }); + Grid.SetRow(saveBtn, r); Grid.SetColumn(saveBtn, 0); Grid.SetColumnSpan(saveBtn, 2); form.Children.Add(saveBtn); + + // ── right top: line-tool sketch (one straight segment per drag) ───── + var ink = new Canvas { Background = Brushes.White, ClipToBounds = true }; + Point? dn = null; Line preview = null; + ink.MouseLeftButtonDown += (s, e) => { dn = e.GetPosition(ink); }; + ink.MouseMove += (s, e) => { if (dn != null) { var p = e.GetPosition(ink); + if (preview == null) { preview = new Line { Stroke = Brushes.MidnightBlue, StrokeThickness = 1, Opacity = 0.45 }; ink.Children.Add(preview); } + preview.X1 = dn.Value.X; preview.Y1 = dn.Value.Y; preview.X2 = p.X; preview.Y2 = p.Y; } }; + ink.MouseLeftButtonUp += (s, e) => { if (dn != null) { var p = e.GetPosition(ink); + ink.Children.Add(new Line { Stroke = Brushes.MidnightBlue, StrokeThickness = 2, X1 = dn.Value.X, Y1 = dn.Value.Y, X2 = p.X, Y2 = p.Y }); + if (preview != null) { ink.Children.Remove(preview); preview = null; } + dn = null; } }; + var sigHdr = new TextBlock { Text = " Signature / Notes", FontWeight = FontWeights.Bold, Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromRgb(0xE1,0xE1,0xE1)), Padding = new Thickness(2) }; + var sigDock = new DockPanel(); DockPanel.SetDock(sigHdr, Dock.Top); sigDock.Children.Add(sigHdr); sigDock.Children.Add(ink); - var nameLbl = new TextBlock { Text = "Name:" }; - Canvas.SetLeft(nameLbl, 20); Canvas.SetTop(nameLbl, 74); + // ── right bottom: spreadsheet ─────────────────────────────────────── + var dg = new DataGrid { AutoGenerateColumns = false, ItemsSource = rows, IsReadOnly = true, GridLinesVisibility = DataGridGridLinesVisibility.All, HeadersVisibility = DataGridHeadersVisibility.Column }; + dg.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn { Header = "Account", Binding = new System.Windows.Data.Binding("Account"), Width = new DataGridLength(1, DataGridLengthUnitType.Star) }); + dg.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn { Header = "Type", Binding = new System.Windows.Data.Binding("Type") }); + dg.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn { Header = "Region", Binding = new System.Windows.Data.Binding("Region") }); + dg.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn { Header = "Pri", Binding = new System.Windows.Data.Binding("Pri") }); + dg.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn { Header = "Credit", Binding = new System.Windows.Data.Binding("Credit") }); - var box = new TextBox { Width = 300, Height = 24 }; - Canvas.SetLeft(box, 90); Canvas.SetTop(box, 70); + var rightGrid = new Grid(); + rightGrid.RowDefinitions.Add(new RowDefinition { Height = new GridLength(150) }); + rightGrid.RowDefinitions.Add(new RowDefinition { Height = new GridLength(3) }); + rightGrid.RowDefinitions.Add(new RowDefinition { Height = new GridLength(1, GridUnitType.Star) }); + Grid.SetRow(sigDock, 0); rightGrid.Children.Add(sigDock); + var gs2 = new GridSplitter { Height = 3, HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch, Background = gray }; Grid.SetRow(gs2, 1); rightGrid.Children.Add(gs2); + Grid.SetRow(dg, 2); rightGrid.Children.Add(dg); - var btn = new Button { Content = "SUBMIT", Width = 160, Height = 46 }; - Canvas.SetLeft(btn, 160); Canvas.SetTop(btn, 150); + var main = new Grid(); + main.ColumnDefinitions.Add(new ColumnDefinition { Width = new GridLength(380) }); + main.ColumnDefinitions.Add(new ColumnDefinition { Width = new GridLength(3) }); + main.ColumnDefinitions.Add(new ColumnDefinition { Width = new GridLength(1, GridUnitType.Star) }); + Grid.SetColumn(form, 0); main.Children.Add(form); + var gs1 = new GridSplitter { Width = 3, Background = gray }; Grid.SetColumn(gs1, 1); main.Children.Add(gs1); + Grid.SetColumn(rightGrid, 2); main.Children.Add(rightGrid); - var status = new TextBlock { Text = "Clicks: 0 Last: (none)" }; - Canvas.SetLeft(status, 20); Canvas.SetTop(status, 220); + // status bar + var statusBar = new StatusBar(); + var statusLbl = new StatusBarItem { Content = "Ready" }; + var recLbl = new StatusBarItem { Content = "Records: 0", HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right }; + statusBar.Items.Add(statusLbl); + statusBar.Items.Add(new StatusBarItem { Content = "USER: SYSTEM ▌ CONNECTED", HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right }); + statusBar.Items.Add(recLbl); - int clicks = 0; - btn.Click += (s, e) => + int records = 0; + saveBtn.Click += (s, e) => { - clicks++; - string last = string.IsNullOrEmpty(box.Text) ? "(none)" : box.Text; - status.Text = $"Clicks: {clicks} Last: {last}"; + string nm = (nameBox.Text ?? "").Trim(); if (nm.Length == 0) nm = "(unnamed)"; + rows.Add(new RowVM { Account = nm, Type = typeCmb.Text, Region = regionCmb.Text, Pri = (int)priority.Value, Credit = "$" + ((int)credit.Value * 1000) }); + records++; recLbl.Content = $"Records: {records}"; statusLbl.Content = $"Saved account '{nm}'."; + nameBox.Text = ""; }; - canvas.Children.Add(title); - canvas.Children.Add(nameLbl); - canvas.Children.Add(box); - canvas.Children.Add(btn); - canvas.Children.Add(status); + var dock = new DockPanel(); + DockPanel.SetDock(menu, Dock.Top); DockPanel.SetDock(tray, Dock.Top); DockPanel.SetDock(statusBar, Dock.Bottom); + dock.Children.Add(menu); dock.Children.Add(tray); dock.Children.Add(statusBar); dock.Children.Add(main); - var win = new Window - { - Title = "WPF (XAML / UIA)", - Width = 496, - Height = 338, - ResizeMode = ResizeMode.NoResize, - Content = canvas, - WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.Manual, - }; + var win = new Window { Title = "Meridian CRM — Account Record [WPF]", Width = 960, Height = 600, Content = dock, WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.Manual }; app.Run(win); } } diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/electron/index.html b/demo/multi-cursor/electron/index.html index a274fbe274..1cb72ad276 100644 --- a/demo/multi-cursor/electron/index.html +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/electron/index.html @@ -3,33 +3,100 @@ <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <style> - html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; background: #f0f0f0; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, sans-serif; } - #form { position: relative; width: 480px; height: 300px; } - /* Absolute px coords matched to the other frameworks' layout (480x300). */ - #title { position:absolute; left:0; top:8px; width:480px; text-align:center; font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; color:#503000; } - #nameLbl{ position:absolute; left:20px; top:72px; font-size:13px; } - #box { position:absolute; left:90px; top:70px; width:294px; height:20px; font-size:13px; } - #btn { position:absolute; left:160px; top:150px; width:160px; height:46px; font-size:14px; } - #status { position:absolute; left:20px; top:220px; font-size:13px; } + * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; } + html, body { height: 100%; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background: #f0f0f0; overflow: hidden; } + #app { display: grid; grid-template-rows: auto auto 1fr auto; height: 100vh; } + /* menu + toolbar */ + #menu { background: #f7f7f7; border-bottom: 1px solid #c8c8c8; padding: 2px 0; } + #menu span { padding: 3px 10px; } + #menu span:hover { background: #cde2ff; } + #toolbar { background: #eee; border-bottom: 1px solid #c8c8c8; display: flex; } + #toolbar button { border: 1px solid transparent; background: transparent; padding: 3px 9px; } + #toolbar button:hover { border: 1px solid #b0c4de; background: #e6eefb; } + #toolbar .sep { width: 1px; background: #c8c8c8; margin: 2px 3px; } + /* main split */ + #main { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 380px 1px 1fr; overflow: hidden; } + #split { background: #c8c8c8; } + /* dense form: label | control rows, only cell borders */ + #form { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr; grid-auto-rows: 30px; background: #fff; align-content: start; } + #form .lbl { background: #f0f0f0; border-right: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; display: flex; align-items: center; padding-left: 8px; } + #form .cell { border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; display: flex; align-items: center; } + #form .cell > * { width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 0; background: transparent; padding: 0 6px; font: inherit; } + #form input[type=range] { padding: 0; } + #saveRow { grid-column: 1 / span 2; } + #save { width: 100%; height: 38px; font-weight: bold; } + /* right side */ + #right { display: grid; grid-template-rows: 150px 1px 1fr; overflow: hidden; } + #sigHdr { background: #e1e1e1; font-weight: bold; padding: 3px 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #c8c8c8; } + #sigWrap { display: grid; grid-template-rows: auto 1fr; } + #doodle { width: 100%; height: 100%; background: #fff; display: block; } + table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; background: #fff; } + th, td { border: 1px solid #d2d2d2; padding: 2px 6px; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; } + th { background: #eef1f5; font-weight: 600; } + #gridWrap { overflow: auto; } + #status { background: #e8e8e8; border-top: 1px solid #c8c8c8; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding: 3px 8px; } </style> </head> <body> - <div id="form"> - <div id="title">Electron (Chromium)</div> - <div id="nameLbl">Name:</div> - <input id="box" type="text" /> - <button id="btn">SUBMIT</button> - <div id="status">Clicks: 0    Last: (none)</div> + <div id="app"> + <div id="menu"><span>File</span><span>Edit</span><span>View</span><span>Record</span><span>Tools</span><span>Help</span></div> + <div id="toolbar"> + <button>New</button><button>Open</button><button>Save</button><button>Delete</button> + <div class="sep"></div><button>◀ Prev</button><button>Next ▶</button> + <div class="sep"></div><button>Find</button> + </div> + <div id="main"> + <div id="form"> + <div class="lbl">Account Name</div><div class="cell"><input id="acct" type="text" /></div> + <div class="lbl">Account Type</div><div class="cell"><select id="type"><option>Enterprise</option><option>SMB</option><option>Government</option><option>Reseller</option></select></div> + <div class="lbl">Region</div><div class="cell"><select id="region"><option>North</option><option>South</option><option>EMEA</option><option>APAC</option><option>LATAM</option></select></div> + <div class="lbl">Priority (1-5)</div><div class="cell"><input id="pri" type="range" min="1" max="5" value="3" /></div> + <div class="lbl">Credit Limit</div><div class="cell"><input id="credit" type="range" min="0" max="100" value="40" /></div> + <div id="saveRow" class="cell"><button id="save">Add Record</button></div> + </div> + <div id="split"></div> + <div id="right"> + <div id="sigWrap"><div id="sigHdr">Signature / Notes</div><canvas id="doodle"></canvas></div> + <div id="split"></div> + <div id="gridWrap"> + <table id="grid"><thead><tr><th>Account</th><th>Type</th><th>Region</th><th>Pri</th><th>Credit</th></tr></thead><tbody></tbody></table> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <div id="status"><span id="statusMsg">Ready</span><span>USER: SYSTEM ▌ CONNECTED</span><span id="recCount">Records: 0</span></div> </div> <script> - let clicks = 0; - const btn = document.getElementById('btn'); - const box = document.getElementById('box'); - const status = document.getElementById('status'); - btn.addEventListener('click', () => { - clicks++; - const last = box.value ? box.value : '(none)'; - status.textContent = `Clicks: ${clicks} Last: ${last}`; + // line tool: one straight segment per press-drag-release (down→up) + const cv = document.getElementById('doodle'); + const ctx = cv.getContext('2d'); + let segs = [], dn = null, cur = null; + function redraw() { + ctx.clearRect(0, 0, cv.width, cv.height); + ctx.strokeStyle = '#191970'; ctx.lineWidth = 2; + for (const s of segs) { ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(s.x0, s.y0); ctx.lineTo(s.x1, s.y1); ctx.stroke(); } + if (dn && cur) { ctx.save(); ctx.globalAlpha = 0.45; ctx.lineWidth = 1; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(dn.x, dn.y); ctx.lineTo(cur.x, cur.y); ctx.stroke(); ctx.restore(); } + } + function fit() { cv.width = cv.clientWidth; cv.height = cv.clientHeight; redraw(); } + window.addEventListener('resize', fit); requestAnimationFrame(fit); + // Pointer events (not mouse): coordinate-routed background injection arrives + // as PEN/touch pointers; pointer* covers mouse + pen + touch uniformly. + cv.style.touchAction = 'none'; + cv.addEventListener('pointerdown', e => { dn = { x: e.offsetX, y: e.offsetY }; cur = dn; }); + cv.addEventListener('pointermove', e => { if (dn) { cur = { x: e.offsetX, y: e.offsetY }; redraw(); } }); + cv.addEventListener('pointerup', e => { if (dn) { segs.push({ x0: dn.x, y0: dn.y, x1: e.offsetX, y1: e.offsetY }); dn = null; cur = null; redraw(); } }); + // save + let records = 0; + const acct = document.getElementById('acct'), tbody = document.querySelector('#grid tbody'); + document.getElementById('save').addEventListener('click', () => { + let nm = (acct.value || '').trim(); if (!nm) nm = '(unnamed)'; + const tr = document.createElement('tr'); + const credit = '$' + (document.getElementById('credit').value * 1000); + [nm, document.getElementById('type').value, document.getElementById('region').value, document.getElementById('pri').value, credit] + .forEach(v => { const td = document.createElement('td'); td.textContent = v; tr.appendChild(td); }); + tbody.appendChild(tr); + records++; document.getElementById('recCount').textContent = `Records: ${records}`; + document.getElementById('statusMsg').textContent = `Saved account '${nm}'.`; + acct.value = ''; }); </script> </body> diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/electron/main.js b/demo/multi-cursor/electron/main.js index 1276753a2a..f8ef8da10e 100644 --- a/demo/multi-cursor/electron/main.js +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/electron/main.js @@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ const path = require('path'); function createWindow() { const win = new BrowserWindow({ - width: 496, - height: 338, - resizable: false, - title: 'Electron (Chromium)', + width: 900, + height: 560, + resizable: true, + title: 'Meridian CRM — Account Record [Electron]', autoHideMenuBar: true, webPreferences: { contextIsolation: true }, }); diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/src/main.rs b/demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/src/main.rs index 1f0c6db601..8960a97458 100644 --- a/demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/src/main.rs +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/legacy-app/src/main.rs @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ -//! Legacy-looking form app for the cua-driver multi-cursor demo. +//! "Meridian CRM — Account Record" — a dense, realistic Windows office form for +//! the cua-driver multi-cursor demo. Menu bar, toolbar, a packed left form +//! (Account Name, Account Type / Region dropdowns, Priority / Credit sliders), +//! a SAVE button, a signature doodle pad, a spreadsheet grid, and a status bar. +//! No padding between elements beyond their 1px borders. //! -//! Two modes (argv[1]): -//! gdi <title> — a custom GDI-drawn form with NO accessibility tree. -//! Proves cua-driver drives apps WITHOUT a11y (pixel path). -//! master <title> — the same form built from real Win32 controls (EDIT + -//! BUTTON), instrumented to EMIT the user's actions on -//! stdout so the orchestrator can replay them onto the -//! background corner windows. This is the foreground window -//! the human actually interacts with. -//! -//! Emitted protocol (one per line, tab-separated) — master only: -//! TYPE\t<text> the committed field text -//! CLICK\t<rx>\t<ry> a click at relative [0,1] client coords -//! -//! Fixed client size so a relative point maps to the same control in every -//! framework's copy of this form. +//! Modes (argv[1]): +//! gdi <node> — fully GDI-drawn (NO accessibility tree → cua-driver drives +//! it via the pixel path). The Account-Name field and SAVE +//! button are drawn; the doodle pad is live. +//! master <node> — same chrome, but Account Name + SAVE are real Win32 +//! controls, instrumented to EMIT the user's action on stdout +//! (TYPE<text>, CLICK<rx><ry>) for the orchestrator to replay. #![windows_subsystem = "windows"] @@ -22,338 +18,326 @@ use std::cell::RefCell; use std::io::Write; use windows::core::{w, PCWSTR}; -use windows::Win32::Foundation::{COLORREF, HINSTANCE, HWND, LPARAM, LRESULT, RECT, WPARAM}; +use windows::Win32::Foundation::{COLORREF, HINSTANCE, HWND, LPARAM, LRESULT, POINT, RECT, WPARAM}; use windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::{ - BeginPaint, DrawTextW, EndPaint, FillRect, FrameRect, GetStockObject, InvalidateRect, - Rectangle, SelectObject, SetBkMode, SetTextColor, CreateSolidBrush, DeleteObject, - DT_CENTER, DT_LEFT, DT_SINGLELINE, DT_VCENTER, HBRUSH, PAINTSTRUCT, TRANSPARENT, - DEFAULT_GUI_FONT, BLACK_BRUSH, + BeginPaint, CreateFontW, CreatePen, CreateSolidBrush, DeleteObject, DrawTextW, EndPaint, FillRect, + FrameRect, InvalidateRect, LineTo, MoveToEx, SelectObject, SetBkMode, SetTextColor, DT_CENTER, DT_LEFT, + DT_SINGLELINE, DT_VCENTER, GetStockObject, HBRUSH, HFONT, PAINTSTRUCT, PS_SOLID, TRANSPARENT, BLACK_BRUSH, }; use windows::Win32::System::LibraryLoader::GetModuleHandleW; use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::*; -const CLIENT_W: i32 = 480; -const CLIENT_H: i32 = 300; - -// SUBMIT button rectangle (client coords), shared by both modes. -const BTN: RECT = RECT { left: 160, top: 150, right: 320, bottom: 196 }; -// Text field rectangle (client coords). -const FIELD: RECT = RECT { left: 90, top: 70, right: 390, bottom: 98 }; +// ── dense fractional layout (shared by gdi + master) ────────────────────────── +const MENU_B: f64 = 0.05; +const TOOL_B: f64 = 0.10; +// left form rows +const NAME: [f64; 4] = [0.16, 0.110, 0.41, 0.170]; // Account Name field box +const TYPE: [f64; 4] = [0.16, 0.175, 0.41, 0.235]; +const REGION: [f64; 4] = [0.16, 0.240, 0.41, 0.300]; +const PRIO: [f64; 4] = [0.16, 0.305, 0.41, 0.365]; +const CREDIT: [f64; 4] = [0.16, 0.370, 0.41, 0.430]; +const SAVE: [f64; 4] = [0.04, 0.460, 0.40, 0.530]; // SAVE button +const DOODLE: [f64; 4] = [0.42, 0.140, 0.99, 0.420]; +const GRID: [f64; 4] = [0.01, 0.560, 0.99, 0.930]; +const STATUS_T: f64 = 0.94; +// SAVE button relative center (master emits this for the CLICK event). +const SAVE_CX: f64 = (SAVE[0] + SAVE[2]) / 2.0; +const SAVE_CY: f64 = (SAVE[1] + SAVE[3]) / 2.0; const ID_EDIT: isize = 1001; const ID_BUTTON: isize = 1002; -const ID_STATUS: isize = 1003; #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)] -enum Mode { - Gdi, - Master, -} +enum Mode { Gdi, Master } struct State { mode: Mode, - title: String, - clicks: u32, - text: String, + node: String, + records: Vec<[String; 5]>, + name: String, + // line tool: one straight segment per press-drag-release (down→up) + segs: Vec<(POINT, POINT)>, + down: Option<POINT>, + cur: POINT, hedit: HWND, - hstatus: HWND, + hbtn: HWND, + f_title: HFONT, + f_label: HFONT, + f_mono: HFONT, + cw: i32, + ch: i32, } -thread_local! { - static STATE: RefCell<Option<State>> = const { RefCell::new(None) }; -} +thread_local! { static STATE: RefCell<Option<State>> = const { RefCell::new(None) }; } -fn emit(line: &str) { - let _ = writeln!(std::io::stdout(), "{line}"); - let _ = std::io::stdout().flush(); +fn emit(line: &str) { let _ = writeln!(std::io::stdout(), "{line}"); let _ = std::io::stdout().flush(); } +fn wide(s: &str) -> Vec<u16> { s.encode_utf16().chain(std::iter::once(0)).collect() } +fn fr(cw: i32, ch: i32, r: [f64; 4]) -> RECT { + RECT { left: (cw as f64 * r[0]) as i32, top: (ch as f64 * r[1]) as i32, + right: (cw as f64 * r[2]) as i32, bottom: (ch as f64 * r[3]) as i32 } } - -fn wide(s: &str) -> Vec<u16> { - s.encode_utf16().chain(std::iter::once(0)).collect() +fn band(cw: i32, ch: i32, y0: f64, y1: f64) -> RECT { + RECT { left: 0, top: (ch as f64 * y0) as i32, right: cw, bottom: (ch as f64 * y1) as i32 } } +fn pt_in(r: &RECT, x: i32, y: i32) -> bool { x >= r.left && x < r.right && y >= r.top && y < r.bottom } +unsafe fn mk_font(h: i32, w: i32, face: PCWSTR) -> HFONT { CreateFontW(h, 0, 0, 0, w, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, face) } fn main() { let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().collect(); - let mode = match args.get(1).map(|s| s.as_str()) { - Some("master") => Mode::Master, - _ => Mode::Gdi, - }; - let title = args.get(2).cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| match mode { - Mode::Master => "Win32 Controls (master)".into(), - Mode::Gdi => "Win32 GDI (no a11y)".into(), - }); + let mode = if args.get(1).map(|s| s.as_str()) == Some("master") { Mode::Master } else { Mode::Gdi }; + let node = args.get(2).cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| match mode { Mode::Master => "Master".into(), Mode::Gdi => "Win32 GDI".into() }); unsafe { - let hinst = GetModuleHandleW(None).unwrap(); - let class = w!("CuaDemoLegacyForm"); - let bg = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00C0C0C0)); // classic gray - let wc = WNDCLASSW { - lpfnWndProc: Some(wnd_proc), - hInstance: hinst.into(), - lpszClassName: class, - hbrBackground: bg, - hCursor: LoadCursorW(None, IDC_ARROW).unwrap_or_default(), - ..Default::default() - }; + let hmod = GetModuleHandleW(None).unwrap(); + let class = w!("MeridianCrmForm"); + let bg = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00F0F0F0)); + let wc = WNDCLASSW { lpfnWndProc: Some(wnd_proc), hInstance: hmod.into(), lpszClassName: class, + hbrBackground: bg, hCursor: LoadCursorW(None, IDC_ARROW).unwrap_or_default(), ..Default::default() }; RegisterClassW(&wc); - STATE.with(|s| { - *s.borrow_mut() = Some(State { - mode, - title: title.clone(), - clicks: 0, - text: String::new(), - hedit: HWND::default(), - hstatus: HWND::default(), - }) - }); - - // Client size -> window size (account for frame). - let mut r = RECT { left: 0, top: 0, right: CLIENT_W, bottom: CLIENT_H }; - let style = WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX; - let _ = AdjustWindowRect(&mut r, style, false); - let title_w = wide(&title); - let hwnd = CreateWindowExW( - WINDOW_EX_STYLE(0), - class, - PCWSTR(title_w.as_ptr()), - style, - CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, - r.right - r.left, r.bottom - r.top, - None, None, HINSTANCE(hinst.0), None, - ) - .expect("CreateWindowExW"); + STATE.with(|s| *s.borrow_mut() = Some(State { mode, node: node.clone(), records: Vec::new(), + name: String::new(), segs: Vec::new(), down: None, cur: POINT { x: 0, y: 0 }, hedit: HWND::default(), hbtn: HWND::default(), + f_title: HFONT::default(), f_label: HFONT::default(), f_mono: HFONT::default(), cw: 0, ch: 0 })); + let title = format!("Meridian CRM — Account Record [{node}]"); + let tw = wide(&title); + let hwnd = CreateWindowExW(WINDOW_EX_STYLE(0), class, PCWSTR(tw.as_ptr()), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, + CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 960, 600, None, None, HINSTANCE(hmod.0), None).expect("CreateWindowExW"); let _ = ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL); let mut msg = MSG::default(); - while GetMessageW(&mut msg, None, 0, 0).as_bool() { - let _ = TranslateMessage(&msg); - DispatchMessageW(&msg); - } + while GetMessageW(&mut msg, None, 0, 0).as_bool() { let _ = TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessageW(&msg); } } } unsafe fn create_master_controls(parent: HWND) { - let hmod = GetModuleHandleW(None).unwrap(); - let hinst = HINSTANCE(hmod.0); - // EDIT field - let hedit = CreateWindowExW( - WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, - w!("EDIT"), - w!(""), - WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | WINDOW_STYLE(ES_AUTOHSCROLL as u32), - FIELD.left, FIELD.top, FIELD.right - FIELD.left, FIELD.bottom - FIELD.top, - parent, HMENU(ID_EDIT as *mut core::ffi::c_void), hinst, None, - ).unwrap_or_default(); - // SUBMIT button - let _hbtn = CreateWindowExW( - WINDOW_EX_STYLE(0), - w!("BUTTON"), - w!("SUBMIT"), + let hinst = HINSTANCE(GetModuleHandleW(None).unwrap().0); + let hedit = CreateWindowExW(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, w!("EDIT"), w!(""), + WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WINDOW_STYLE(ES_AUTOHSCROLL as u32), + 0, 0, 10, 10, parent, HMENU(ID_EDIT as *mut core::ffi::c_void), hinst, None).unwrap_or_default(); + let hbtn = CreateWindowExW(WINDOW_EX_STYLE(0), w!("BUTTON"), w!("Add Record"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WINDOW_STYLE(BS_PUSHBUTTON as u32), - BTN.left, BTN.top, BTN.right - BTN.left, BTN.bottom - BTN.top, - parent, HMENU(ID_BUTTON as *mut core::ffi::c_void), hinst, None, - ).unwrap_or_default(); - // Status static - let hstatus = CreateWindowExW( - WINDOW_EX_STYLE(0), - w!("STATIC"), - w!("Clicks: 0 Last: (none)"), - WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE, - 20, 220, 440, 24, - parent, HMENU(ID_STATUS as *mut core::ffi::c_void), hinst, None, - ).unwrap_or_default(); - - // Nicer (still legacy) GUI font on the children. - let font = GetStockObject(DEFAULT_GUI_FONT); - for h in [hedit, hstatus] { - SendMessageW(h, WM_SETFONT, WPARAM(font.0 as usize), LPARAM(1)); - } - - STATE.with(|s| { - if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { - st.hedit = hedit; - st.hstatus = hstatus; - } - }); + 0, 0, 10, 10, parent, HMENU(ID_BUTTON as *mut core::ffi::c_void), hinst, None).unwrap_or_default(); + STATE.with(|s| if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { st.hedit = hedit; st.hbtn = hbtn; }); } -unsafe fn update_status(hwnd: HWND) { +unsafe fn relayout(hwnd: HWND, cw: i32, ch: i32) { STATE.with(|s| { - if let Some(st) = s.borrow().as_ref() { - let last = if st.text.is_empty() { "(none)" } else { st.text.as_str() }; - let line = format!("Clicks: {} Last: {}", st.clicks, last); - if st.mode == Mode::Master && !st.hstatus.0.is_null() { - let w = wide(&line); - let _ = SetWindowTextW(st.hstatus, PCWSTR(w.as_ptr())); - } else { - let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, None, true); - } + let mut b = s.borrow_mut(); let Some(st) = b.as_mut() else { return }; + st.cw = cw; st.ch = ch; + for f in [st.f_title, st.f_label, st.f_mono] { if !f.is_invalid() { let _ = DeleteObject(f); } } + let seg = wide("Segoe UI"); let mono = wide("Consolas"); + st.f_title = mk_font(-(ch / 34).clamp(12, 22), 700, PCWSTR(seg.as_ptr())); + st.f_label = mk_font(-(ch / 40).clamp(11, 18), 400, PCWSTR(seg.as_ptr())); + st.f_mono = mk_font(-(ch / 44).clamp(10, 16), 400, PCWSTR(mono.as_ptr())); + if st.mode == Mode::Master && !st.hedit.0.is_null() { + let n = fr(cw, ch, NAME); + let _ = MoveWindow(st.hedit, n.left + 2, n.top + 2, n.right - n.left - 4, n.bottom - n.top - 4, true); + let sv = fr(cw, ch, SAVE); + let _ = MoveWindow(st.hbtn, sv.left, sv.top, sv.right - sv.left, sv.bottom - sv.top, true); + SendMessageW(st.hedit, WM_SETFONT, WPARAM(st.f_label.0 as usize), LPARAM(1)); + SendMessageW(st.hbtn, WM_SETFONT, WPARAM(st.f_label.0 as usize), LPARAM(1)); } }); + let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, None, true); } -extern "system" fn wnd_proc(hwnd: HWND, msg: u32, wparam: WPARAM, lparam: LPARAM) -> LRESULT { +extern "system" fn wnd_proc(hwnd: HWND, msg: u32, wp: WPARAM, lp: LPARAM) -> LRESULT { unsafe { match msg { - WM_CREATE => { - let mode = STATE.with(|s| s.borrow().as_ref().map(|st| st.mode)); - if mode == Some(Mode::Master) { - create_master_controls(hwnd); + WM_CREATE => { if STATE.with(|s| s.borrow().as_ref().map(|st| st.mode)) == Some(Mode::Master) { create_master_controls(hwnd); } LRESULT(0) } + WM_SIZE => { let (cw, ch) = ((lp.0 & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32, ((lp.0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32); if cw > 0 && ch > 0 { relayout(hwnd, cw, ch); } LRESULT(0) } + WM_COMMAND => { if (wp.0 & 0xFFFF) as isize == ID_BUTTON && ((wp.0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) as u32 == BN_CLICKED { on_submit(hwnd); } LRESULT(0) } + WM_LBUTTONDOWN => { + let (x, y) = ((lp.0 & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32, ((lp.0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32); + let (mode, cw, ch) = STATE.with(|s| { let b = s.borrow(); let st = b.as_ref().unwrap(); (st.mode, st.cw, st.ch) }); + if mode == Mode::Gdi && pt_in(&fr(cw, ch, SAVE), x, y) { commit(hwnd); } + else if pt_in(&fr(cw, ch, DOODLE), x, y) { + // line tool: remember the press point; commit on button-up. + STATE.with(|s| if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { st.down = Some(POINT { x, y }); st.cur = POINT { x, y }; }); } LRESULT(0) } - WM_COMMAND => { - let id = (wparam.0 & 0xFFFF) as isize; - let code = ((wparam.0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) as u32; - if id == ID_BUTTON && code == BN_CLICKED { - on_submit(hwnd); + WM_MOUSEMOVE => { + if (wp.0 & 0x0001) != 0 { + let (x, y) = ((lp.0 & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32, ((lp.0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32); + let go = STATE.with(|s| { let mut b = s.borrow_mut(); let st = b.as_mut().unwrap(); + if st.down.is_some() { st.cur = POINT { x, y }; true } else { false } }); + if go { let (cw, ch) = STATE.with(|s| { let b = s.borrow(); (b.as_ref().unwrap().cw, b.as_ref().unwrap().ch) }); + let d = fr(cw, ch, DOODLE); let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, Some(&d), false); } } LRESULT(0) } - WM_LBUTTONDOWN => { - // Raw click in the parent client area (empty regions). Emit a - // relative-coordinate click so corners get clicked at the same - // spot. (Clicks on the button arrive as WM_COMMAND instead.) - let x = (lparam.0 & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32; - let y = ((lparam.0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32; - let mode = STATE.with(|s| s.borrow().as_ref().map(|st| st.mode)); - if mode == Some(Mode::Master) { - emit(&format!("CLICK\t{:.4}\t{:.4}", x as f64 / CLIENT_W as f64, y as f64 / CLIENT_H as f64)); - } else { - // GDI mode: behave like an app — count clicks in the button. - if pt_in(&BTN, x, y) { - bump_click(hwnd); - } - } + WM_LBUTTONUP => { + let (x, y) = ((lp.0 & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32, ((lp.0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) as i16 as i32); + STATE.with(|s| if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { + if let Some(p0) = st.down.take() { st.segs.push((p0, POINT { x, y })); } }); + let (cw, ch) = STATE.with(|s| { let b = s.borrow(); (b.as_ref().unwrap().cw, b.as_ref().unwrap().ch) }); + let d = fr(cw, ch, DOODLE); let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, Some(&d), false); LRESULT(0) } WM_CHAR => { - // GDI mode has no EDIT control; maintain our own text buffer so - // cua-driver type_text (WM_CHAR) is visibly reflected. - let mode = STATE.with(|s| s.borrow().as_ref().map(|st| st.mode)); - if mode == Some(Mode::Gdi) { - let ch = wparam.0 as u8 as char; - STATE.with(|s| { - if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { - match ch { - '\u{8}' => { st.text.pop(); } // backspace - '\r' | '\n' => {} - c if !c.is_control() => st.text.push(c), - _ => {} - } - } - }); - let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, None, true); + if STATE.with(|s| s.borrow().as_ref().map(|st| st.mode)) == Some(Mode::Gdi) { + let ch = char::from_u32(wp.0 as u32).unwrap_or('\0'); + STATE.with(|s| if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { + match ch { '\u{8}' => { st.name.pop(); }, '\r' | '\n' => {}, c if !c.is_control() => st.name.push(c), _ => {} } }); + let (cw, ch2) = STATE.with(|s| { let b = s.borrow(); (b.as_ref().unwrap().cw, b.as_ref().unwrap().ch) }); + let n = fr(cw, ch2, NAME); let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, Some(&n), false); } LRESULT(0) } - WM_PAINT => { - paint(hwnd); - LRESULT(0) - } - WM_DESTROY => { - PostQuitMessage(0); - LRESULT(0) - } - _ => DefWindowProcW(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam), + WM_PAINT => { paint(hwnd); LRESULT(0) } + WM_DESTROY => { PostQuitMessage(0); LRESULT(0) } + _ => DefWindowProcW(hwnd, msg, wp, lp), } } } unsafe fn on_submit(hwnd: HWND) { - // Read the EDIT text, emit TYPE + CLICK(button center), bump local state. - let text = STATE.with(|s| { - let st = s.borrow(); - let st = st.as_ref()?; - if st.hedit.0.is_null() { return None; } - let len = GetWindowTextLengthW(st.hedit); - let mut buf = vec![0u16; (len + 1) as usize]; - let n = GetWindowTextW(st.hedit, &mut buf); - Some(String::from_utf16_lossy(&buf[..n as usize])) - }); + let text = STATE.with(|s| { let b = s.borrow(); let st = b.as_ref()?; if st.hedit.0.is_null() { return None; } + let len = GetWindowTextLengthW(st.hedit); let mut buf = vec![0u16; (len + 1) as usize]; + let n = GetWindowTextW(st.hedit, &mut buf); Some(String::from_utf16_lossy(&buf[..n as usize])) }); if let Some(t) = text { emit(&format!("TYPE\t{t}")); - let cx = (BTN.left + BTN.right) as f64 / 2.0 / CLIENT_W as f64; - let cy = (BTN.top + BTN.bottom) as f64 / 2.0 / CLIENT_H as f64; - emit(&format!("CLICK\t{cx:.4}\t{cy:.4}")); - STATE.with(|s| { - if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { - st.clicks += 1; - st.text = t; - } - }); - update_status(hwnd); + emit(&format!("CLICK\t{SAVE_CX:.4}\t{SAVE_CY:.4}")); + STATE.with(|s| if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { st.name = t; }); + commit(hwnd); + STATE.with(|s| if let Some(st) = s.borrow().as_ref() { if !st.hedit.0.is_null() { let _ = SetWindowTextW(st.hedit, w!("")); } }); } } -unsafe fn bump_click(hwnd: HWND) { - STATE.with(|s| { - if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { - st.clicks += 1; - } +unsafe fn commit(hwnd: HWND) { + STATE.with(|s| if let Some(st) = s.borrow_mut().as_mut() { + let nm = if st.name.trim().is_empty() { "(unnamed)".into() } else { st.name.trim().chars().take(22).collect::<String>() }; + st.records.push([nm, "Enterprise".into(), "North".into(), "3".into(), "$40,000".into()]); + st.name.clear(); }); - update_status(hwnd); + let _ = InvalidateRect(hwnd, None, true); } -fn pt_in(r: &RECT, x: i32, y: i32) -> bool { - x >= r.left && x < r.right && y >= r.top && y < r.bottom +unsafe fn line(hdc: windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::HDC, x: i32, y: i32, text: &str) { + let mut r = RECT { left: x, top: y, right: x + 6000, bottom: y + 60 }; let mut t = wide(text); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut t, &mut r, DT_LEFT | DT_SINGLELINE); } unsafe fn paint(hwnd: HWND) { let mut ps = PAINTSTRUCT::default(); let hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &mut ps); - let font = GetStockObject(DEFAULT_GUI_FONT); - SelectObject(hdc, font); SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT); - STATE.with(|s| { - let st = s.borrow(); - let Some(st) = st.as_ref() else { return }; - - // Title banner. - let mut title_rc = RECT { left: 0, top: 8, right: CLIENT_W, bottom: 36 }; - SetTextColor(hdc, COLORREF(0x00553300)); - let mut tw = wide(&st.title); - DrawTextW(hdc, &mut tw, &mut title_rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); - - // "Name:" label. + let b = s.borrow(); let Some(st) = b.as_ref() else { return }; + let (cw, ch) = (st.cw.max(1), st.ch.max(1)); + let face = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00F0F0F0)); + let bar = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00E8E8E8)); + let hdr = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00F5F1EE)); + let white = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00FFFFFF)); + let line_c = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00D2D2D2)); + let labelbg = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00F0F0F0)); + let black = GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH); + let sel = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00F5C28A)); // accent for slider thumb / save + + let frame = |r: &RECT| { FrameRect(hdc, r, HBRUSH(black.0)); }; + let hline = |y: i32| { let r = RECT { left: 0, top: y, right: cw, bottom: y + 1 }; FillRect(hdc, &r, line_c); }; + let vline = |x: i32, y0: i32, y1: i32| { let r = RECT { left: x, top: y0, right: x + 1, bottom: y1 }; FillRect(hdc, &r, line_c); }; + + // menu bar + let mut m = band(cw, ch, 0.0, MENU_B); FillRect(hdc, &m, bar); + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_label); SetTextColor(hdc, COLORREF(0x00000000)); + let mut mt = wide(" File Edit View Record Tools Help"); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut mt, &mut m, DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + hline((ch as f64 * MENU_B) as i32); + // toolbar + let mut tb = band(cw, ch, MENU_B, TOOL_B); FillRect(hdc, &tb, face); + let mut tt = wide(" New Open Save Delete │ ◀ Prev Next ▶ │ Find"); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut tt, &mut tb, DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + hline((ch as f64 * TOOL_B) as i32); + + // ── left form ── + let label = |r: [f64; 4], text: &str| { + let lr = RECT { left: (cw as f64 * 0.01) as i32, top: (ch as f64 * r[1]) as i32, + right: (cw as f64 * (r[0] - 0.005)) as i32, bottom: (ch as f64 * r[3]) as i32 }; + FillRect(hdc, &lr, labelbg); + let mut t = wide(text); + let mut tr = RECT { left: lr.left + 6, ..lr }; + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut t, &mut tr, DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + }; + let dropdown = |r: [f64; 4], val: &str| { + let bx = fr(cw, ch, r); FillRect(hdc, &bx, white); frame(&bx); + let mut tr = bx; tr.left += 6; tr.right -= 24; let mut t = wide(val); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut t, &mut tr, DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + let ar = RECT { left: bx.right - 20, top: bx.top, right: bx.right, bottom: bx.bottom }; + FillRect(hdc, &ar, bar); frame(&ar); let mut a = wide("▼"); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut a, &mut ar.clone(), DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + }; + let slider = |r: [f64; 4], frac: f64| { + let bx = fr(cw, ch, r); let midy = (bx.top + bx.bottom) / 2; + let track = RECT { left: bx.left + 4, top: midy - 1, right: bx.right - 4, bottom: midy + 1 }; FillRect(hdc, &track, line_c); + let tx = bx.left + 4 + ((bx.right - bx.left - 8) as f64 * frac) as i32; + let thumb = RECT { left: tx - 4, top: bx.top + 6, right: tx + 4, bottom: bx.bottom - 6 }; FillRect(hdc, &thumb, sel); frame(&thumb); + }; SetTextColor(hdc, COLORREF(0x00000000)); - let mut lbl_rc = RECT { left: 20, top: FIELD.top + 2, right: 88, bottom: FIELD.bottom }; - let mut lw = wide("Name:"); - DrawTextW(hdc, &mut lw, &mut lbl_rc, DT_LEFT | DT_SINGLELINE); + label(NAME, "Account Name"); label(TYPE, "Account Type"); label(REGION, "Region"); + label(PRIO, "Priority"); label(CREDIT, "Credit Limit"); if st.mode == Mode::Gdi { - // Draw the field box + its text (custom; no real control => no a11y). - let white = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00FFFFFF)); - let mut field = FIELD; - FillRect(hdc, &field, white); - let _ = DeleteObject(white); - let edge = GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH); - FrameRect(hdc, &field, HBRUSH(edge.0)); - let mut tr = RECT { left: FIELD.left + 6, top: FIELD.top, right: FIELD.right - 4, bottom: FIELD.bottom }; - let mut txt = wide(&st.text); - DrawTextW(hdc, &mut txt, &mut tr, DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + let n = fr(cw, ch, NAME); FillRect(hdc, &n, white); frame(&n); + let mut tr = n; tr.left += 6; let mut nm = wide(&st.name); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut nm, &mut tr, DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + let sv = fr(cw, ch, SAVE); FillRect(hdc, &sv, sel); frame(&sv); + let mut bt = wide("Add Record"); SelectObject(hdc, st.f_title); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut bt, &mut sv.clone(), DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_label); + } + // dropdowns + sliders are visual in both modes + dropdown(TYPE, "Enterprise"); dropdown(REGION, "North"); + slider(PRIO, 0.5); slider(CREDIT, 0.4); + + // ── signature doodle ── + let dh = RECT { left: (cw as f64 * DOODLE[0]) as i32, top: (ch as f64 * 0.105) as i32, + right: (cw as f64 * DOODLE[2]) as i32, bottom: (ch as f64 * DOODLE[1]) as i32 }; + FillRect(hdc, &dh, hdr); let mut sh = wide(" Signature / Notes"); + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_title); DrawTextW(hdc, &mut sh, &mut dh.clone(), DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_label); + let dz = fr(cw, ch, DOODLE); FillRect(hdc, &dz, white); frame(&dz); + // line-tool segments (blue, 2px) + thin rubber-band preview while drawing + let pen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, COLORREF(0x00701919)); + let old_pen = SelectObject(hdc, pen); + for (a, b) in &st.segs { let _ = MoveToEx(hdc, a.x, a.y, None); let _ = LineTo(hdc, b.x, b.y); } + if let Some(a) = st.down { let _ = MoveToEx(hdc, a.x, a.y, None); let _ = LineTo(hdc, st.cur.x, st.cur.y); } + SelectObject(hdc, old_pen); let _ = DeleteObject(pen); + + // ── spreadsheet ── + let g = fr(cw, ch, GRID); FillRect(hdc, &g, white); frame(&g); + let cols = [("Account", 0.45), ("Type", 0.62), ("Region", 0.76), ("Pri", 0.85), ("Credit", 0.99)]; + let cx = |fx: f64| (cw as f64 * (GRID[0] + (GRID[2] - GRID[0]) * ((fx - 0.0) / 1.0))) as i32; // placeholder + let _ = cx; + // column x positions in absolute (fractions are of full width but cols listed as cumulative within grid) + let gx = |fx: f64| (cw as f64 * fx) as i32; + let row_h = ((st.ch as f64 / 44.0).clamp(10.0, 16.0) * 1.7) as i32; + // header + let hrow = RECT { left: g.left, top: g.top, right: g.right, bottom: g.top + row_h }; FillRect(hdc, &hrow, hdr); + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_label); + let mut prev = g.left + 6; + for (name, fx) in cols { let mut t = wide(name); let mut tr = RECT { left: prev, top: g.top, right: gx(fx), bottom: g.top + row_h }; + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut t, &mut tr, DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); vline(gx(fx), g.top, g.bottom); prev = gx(fx) + 6; } + hline(g.top + row_h); + // rows + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_mono); + let mut y = g.top + row_h + 2; + for rec in &st.records { + if y + row_h > g.bottom { break; } + let xs = [g.left + 6, gx(0.45) + 6, gx(0.62) + 6, gx(0.76) + 6, gx(0.85) + 6]; + for (i, val) in rec.iter().enumerate() { line(hdc, xs[i], y + 2, val); } + y += row_h; hline(y); + } - // Draw the SUBMIT button (raised look). - let face = CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF(0x00C8C8C8)); - let mut b = BTN; - FillRect(hdc, &b, face); - let _ = DeleteObject(face); - let _ = Rectangle(hdc, BTN.left, BTN.top, BTN.right, BTN.bottom); - let mut br = BTN; - let mut bw = wide("SUBMIT"); - DrawTextW(hdc, &mut bw, &mut br, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); + // ── status bar ── + let mut sb = band(cw, ch, STATUS_T, 1.0); FillRect(hdc, &sb, bar); hline((ch as f64 * STATUS_T) as i32); + SelectObject(hdc, st.f_label); SetTextColor(hdc, COLORREF(0x00000000)); + let mut sbt = wide(&format!(" Ready │ Records: {} │ USER: SYSTEM ▌ CONNECTED │ [{}]", st.records.len(), st.node)); + DrawTextW(hdc, &mut sbt, &mut sb, DT_LEFT | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); - // Status line. - let last = if st.text.is_empty() { "(none)" } else { st.text.as_str() }; - let mut sr = RECT { left: 20, top: 220, right: CLIENT_W - 20, bottom: 244 }; - let mut sw = wide(&format!("Clicks: {} Last: {}", st.clicks, last)); - DrawTextW(hdc, &mut sw, &mut sr, DT_LEFT | DT_SINGLELINE); - } - let _ = font; + for o in [face, bar, hdr, white, line_c, labelbg, sel] { let _ = DeleteObject(o); } }); - let _ = EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); } diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/Cargo.toml b/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/Cargo.toml index be8a062292..2ee4227380 100644 --- a/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/Cargo.toml +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/Cargo.toml @@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ name = "orchestrator" path = "src/main.rs" [dependencies] +# PNG decode + resize for the screenshot-based maze line-diff verification. +image = { version = "0.25", default-features = false, features = ["png"] } windows = { version = "0.58", features = [ "Win32_Foundation", "Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging", diff --git a/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/src/main.rs b/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/src/main.rs index e194560547..8c4cfd1209 100644 --- a/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/src/main.rs +++ b/demo/multi-cursor/orchestrator/src/main.rs @@ -1,16 +1,18 @@ //! Multi-cursor background computer-use demo orchestrator. //! -//! Launches a "legacy form" app in five UI frameworks, arranged as a 2x2 grid -//! of background windows around one foreground "master" in the middle. When the -//! human clicks SUBMIT or types into the master, the master emits the action on -//! stdout; this orchestrator replays it onto all four background corners -//! simultaneously, each via its OWN cua-driver session (= its own uniquely -//! coloured agent cursor), entirely in the background — no window is raised and -//! the user's cursor never moves. +//! Launches the "National Records System" terminal in five UI frameworks: a 2x2 +//! grid of background windows (each = half the work area) around one foreground +//! "master" in the middle that overlaps all four. When the human submits a +//! record in the master, the master emits the action on stdout; this +//! orchestrator replays it onto all four background corners concurrently, each +//! via its OWN cua-driver session (= its own uniquely-coloured agent cursor), +//! in the background — no window raised, the user's cursor never moved. //! -//! Proves cua-driver drives every framework with OR without an accessibility -//! tree (the GDI corner has none; cua-driver's default dispatch falls back to -//! pixel/injection there, UIA-Invoke on the rest) — all concurrently. +//! Driving is element-based where an accessibility tree exists (set_value for +//! the SUBJECT-NAME field + UIA-Invoke for SUBMIT — no foreground steal, no +//! SendInput) and pixel-based for the GDI corner that has no a11y tree. Each +//! a11y corner is VERIFIED by reading the records grid back: if the typed +//! record didn't land, it's logged as FAIL. use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader}; use std::path::PathBuf; @@ -21,20 +23,46 @@ use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; use windows::core::PWSTR; use windows::Win32::Foundation::{BOOL, HANDLE, HWND, LPARAM, POINT, RECT, TRUE}; +use windows::Win32::Graphics::Dwm::{DwmGetWindowAttribute, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS}; +use windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::ClientToScreen; use windows::Win32::System::JobObjects::{ AssignProcessToJobObject, CreateJobObjectW, SetInformationJobObject, JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation, JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION, JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE, }; -use windows::Win32::Graphics::Dwm::{DwmGetWindowAttribute, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS}; -use windows::Win32::Graphics::Gdi::ClientToScreen; use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{ EnumWindows, GetClientRect, GetWindowTextW, GetWindowThreadProcessId, IsWindowVisible, - SetForegroundWindow, SetWindowPos, HWND_TOP, SWP_NOACTIVATE, SWP_SHOWWINDOW, - SWP_NOZORDER, + SetForegroundWindow, SetWindowPos, HWND_TOP, SWP_NOACTIVATE, SWP_NOZORDER, SWP_SHOWWINDOW, }; -// ── kill-on-exit job: everything we spawn dies when the orchestrator exits ──── +const FIELD_FRAC: (f64, f64) = (0.28, 0.145); // Account-Name field (GDI pixel fallback) + +// ── maze (line tool) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── +// A spiral maze as straight segments in [0,1] of the drawing REGION. cua-driver +// draws each as one press-drag-release (no curves = "line tool only"). The same +// segments rasterized are the reference the screenshot is diffed against. +const MAZE: [(f64, f64, f64, f64); 7] = [ + (0.10, 0.12, 0.90, 0.12), + (0.90, 0.12, 0.90, 0.88), + (0.90, 0.88, 0.26, 0.88), + (0.26, 0.88, 0.26, 0.40), + (0.26, 0.40, 0.66, 0.40), + (0.66, 0.40, 0.66, 0.64), + (0.66, 0.64, 0.46, 0.64), +]; +// Client-fraction rect of the window that sits INSIDE every framework's drawing +// pad (all four put the doodle top-right). cua-driver draws here and the +// verifier crops the same rect — so the rasterized reference aligns regardless +// of where each framework actually lays its canvas out. Tuned via screenshots. +// Kept inside the SHORTEST drawing pad: WPF/Electron host theirs in a fixed +// ~150px row, so the usable band ends well above the spreadsheet below it. +// Overshooting here drops the lower maze onto the grid (and selects rows). +const REGION: [f64; 4] = [0.470, 0.180, 0.900, 0.295]; // l, t, r, b (client fractions) +// A drawn maze must score at least this (F1 of ink overlap vs the reference, +// dilated) to count as COMMITTED; below it = FAIL. +const MAZE_PASS: f64 = 0.45; + +// ── kill-on-exit job ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── static JOB: std::sync::OnceLock<usize> = std::sync::OnceLock::new(); fn job() -> HANDLE { let raw = *JOB.get_or_init(|| unsafe { @@ -50,189 +78,241 @@ fn job() -> HANDLE { } fn assign_to_job(child: &Child) { use std::os::windows::io::AsRawHandle; - unsafe { - let h = HANDLE(child.as_raw_handle() as *mut core::ffi::c_void); - let _ = AssignProcessToJobObject(job(), h); - } + unsafe { let _ = AssignProcessToJobObject(job(), HANDLE(child.as_raw_handle() as *mut core::ffi::c_void)); } } -const CLIENT_W: f64 = 480.0; -const CLIENT_H: f64 = 300.0; -// Outer window size (client + non-client frame for a fixed caption window). -const WIN_W: i32 = 496; -const WIN_H: i32 = 338; - struct Corner { - title: &'static str, // unique substring to find the window - session: &'static str, // palette name -> cursor color + title: &'static str, // unique substring to find the window + session: &'static str, // palette name -> cursor color hwnd: HWND, pid: u32, + field_idx: Option<u64>, // UIA element for the SUBJECT-NAME field (a11y corners) + submit_idx: Option<u64>,// UIA element for the SUBMIT button } fn main() { let demo_root = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).parent().unwrap().to_path_buf(); let repo_root = demo_root.parent().unwrap().parent().unwrap().to_path_buf(); - let cua_driver = std::env::var("CUA_DRIVER_EXE").map(PathBuf::from).unwrap_or_else(|_| { - repo_root.join("libs/cua-driver/rust/target/debug/cua-driver.exe") - }); - let legacy_app = std::env::var("LEGACY_APP_EXE").map(PathBuf::from).unwrap_or_else(|_| { - demo_root.join("target/debug/legacy-app.exe") - }); - if !cua_driver.exists() { eprintln!("cua-driver.exe not found at {cua_driver:?}; set CUA_DRIVER_EXE"); std::process::exit(1); } - if !legacy_app.exists() { eprintln!("legacy-app.exe not found at {legacy_app:?}; build it first"); std::process::exit(1); } + let cua = std::env::var("CUA_DRIVER_EXE").map(PathBuf::from) + .unwrap_or_else(|_| repo_root.join("libs/cua-driver/rust/target/debug/cua-driver.exe")); + let legacy_app = std::env::var("LEGACY_APP_EXE").map(PathBuf::from) + .unwrap_or_else(|_| demo_root.join("target/debug/legacy-app.exe")); + if !cua.exists() { eprintln!("cua-driver.exe not found at {cua:?}"); std::process::exit(1); } + if !legacy_app.exists() { eprintln!("legacy-app.exe not found at {legacy_app:?}"); std::process::exit(1); } - // 1. Start the persistent daemon (hosts the cursor overlay + sessions). eprintln!("[orch] starting cua-driver daemon…"); - let mut daemon = Command::new(&cua_driver).arg("serve") - .stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + let mut daemon = Command::new(&cua).arg("serve").stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) .spawn().expect("spawn cua-driver serve"); assign_to_job(&daemon); thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1500)); - // 2. Launch the four corner apps (each a different framework) + the master. + // Launch corners + master. let mut kids: Vec<Child> = Vec::new(); - let launch = |kids: &mut Vec<Child>, cmd: &mut Command| { - match cmd.stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()).spawn() { - Ok(c) => { assign_to_job(&c); kids.push(c); } - Err(e) => eprintln!("[orch] launch failed: {e}"), - } + let mut launch = |kids: &mut Vec<Child>, cmd: &mut Command| { + if let Ok(c) = cmd.stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()).spawn() { assign_to_job(&c); kids.push(c); } }; - - // GDI corner (Rust, NO a11y tree). launch(&mut kids, Command::new(&legacy_app).args(["gdi", "Win32 GDI (no a11y)"])); - - // WinForms (.NET classic controls). - let winforms = std::env::var("WINFORMS_EXE").map(PathBuf::from).unwrap_or_else(|_| { - demo_root.join("dotnet/winforms/bin/Debug/net10.0-windows/winforms-legacy.exe") - }); - if winforms.exists() { launch(&mut kids, &mut Command::new(&winforms)); } - else { eprintln!("[orch] (skipping) winforms exe missing: {winforms:?}"); } - - // WPF (.NET XAML/UIA). - let wpf = std::env::var("WPF_EXE").map(PathBuf::from).unwrap_or_else(|_| { - demo_root.join("dotnet/wpf/bin/Debug/net10.0-windows/wpf-legacy.exe") - }); - if wpf.exists() { launch(&mut kids, &mut Command::new(&wpf)); } - else { eprintln!("[orch] (skipping) wpf exe missing: {wpf:?}"); } - - // Electron (Chromium) via the locally-installed electron binary. - let electron_dir = std::env::var("ELECTRON_DIR").map(PathBuf::from).unwrap_or_else(|_| demo_root.join("electron")); - let electron_bin = electron_dir.join("node_modules/.bin/electron.cmd"); + let winforms = demo_root.join("dotnet/winforms/bin/Debug/net10.0-windows/winforms-legacy.exe"); + if winforms.exists() { launch(&mut kids, &mut Command::new(&winforms)); } else { eprintln!("[orch] (skip) winforms missing"); } + let wpf = demo_root.join("dotnet/wpf/bin/Debug/net10.0-windows/wpf-legacy.exe"); + if wpf.exists() { launch(&mut kids, &mut Command::new(&wpf)); } else { eprintln!("[orch] (skip) wpf missing"); } + let electron_bin = demo_root.join("electron/node_modules/.bin/electron.cmd"); if electron_bin.exists() { - let mut c = Command::new(&electron_bin); - c.arg(".").current_dir(&electron_dir); + let mut c = Command::new(&electron_bin); c.arg(".").current_dir(demo_root.join("electron")); launch(&mut kids, &mut c); - } else { eprintln!("[orch] (skipping) electron not installed at {electron_bin:?} (run npm install)"); } + } else { eprintln!("[orch] (skip) electron not installed"); } - // Master (foreground, instrumented) — stdout piped so we can read events. let mut master = Command::new(&legacy_app).args(["master", "Master (Win32 controls)"]) - .stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::null()) - .spawn().expect("spawn master"); + .stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::null()).spawn().expect("spawn master"); assign_to_job(&master); let master_out = master.stdout.take().unwrap(); - // 3. Find + place windows. Corners get colors; master goes center foreground. - thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(2500)); // app windows + electron warmup + thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3)); // window + electron warmup + let mut corners = vec![ - Corner { title: "Win32 GDI", session: "crimson", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0 }, - Corner { title: "WinForms", session: "amber", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0 }, - Corner { title: "WPF", session: "aqua", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0 }, - Corner { title: "Electron", session: "mint_lime", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0 }, + Corner { title: "Win32 GDI", session: "crimson", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0, field_idx: None, submit_idx: None }, + Corner { title: "WinForms", session: "amber", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0, field_idx: None, submit_idx: None }, + Corner { title: "WPF", session: "aqua", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0, field_idx: None, submit_idx: None }, + Corner { title: "Electron", session: "mint_lime", hwnd: HWND::default(), pid: 0, field_idx: None, submit_idx: None }, ]; for c in corners.iter_mut() { if let Some((h, pid)) = find_window_by_title(c.title) { c.hwnd = h; c.pid = pid; } - else { eprintln!("[orch] (skipping) no window found for '{}'", c.title); } + else { eprintln!("[orch] (skip) no window for '{}'", c.title); } } corners.retain(|c| !c.hwnd.0.is_null()); let master_hwnd = find_window_by_title("Master (Win32").map(|(h, _)| h); - let (sw, sh) = screen_size(); - // 2x2 corners + center. - let m = ((sw - WIN_W) / 2, (sh - WIN_H) / 2); - let pad_x = (sw / 12).max(20); - let pad_y = (sh / 12).max(20); - let positions = [ - (pad_x, pad_y), // TL - (sw - WIN_W - pad_x, pad_y), // TR - (pad_x, sh - WIN_H - pad_y), // BL - (sw - WIN_W - pad_x, sh - WIN_H - pad_y), // BR - ]; - for (i, c) in corners.iter().enumerate() { - let (x, y) = positions[i % 4]; - place(c.hwnd, x, y, false); - } + // Layout: each window half the work area; corners tile quadrants, master centered on top. + let wa = work_area(); + let ww = (wa.right - wa.left) / 2; + let wh = (wa.bottom - wa.top) / 2; + let positions = [(wa.left, wa.top), (wa.left + ww, wa.top), (wa.left, wa.top + wh), (wa.left + ww, wa.top + wh)]; + for (i, c) in corners.iter().enumerate() { let (x, y) = positions[i % 4]; place(c.hwnd, x, y, ww, wh, false); } if let Some(mh) = master_hwnd { - place(mh, m.0, m.1, true); + // Master is smaller than a quadrant so it overlaps the central seam of + // all four corners without hiding their forms (which sit at the + // quadrant centers, outside this box). Centered on the work area. + let (mw, mh2) = (ww / 2, wh / 2); + let (mx, my) = (wa.left + ww - mw / 2, wa.top + wh - mh2 / 2); + place(mh, mx, my, mw, mh2, true); unsafe { let _ = SetForegroundWindow(mh); } } + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(800)); // let resized layouts settle - // 4. Pre-arm a coloured cursor per session (lazy-create + enable). - for c in &corners { - let _ = run_call(&cua_driver, "set_agent_cursor_enabled", - &format!(r#"{{"enabled":true,"session":"{}"}}"#, c.session)); + // Discover UIA elements per corner (field + SUBMIT). GDI has none -> pixel. + for c in corners.iter_mut() { + let tree = run_call_out(&cua, "get_window_state", + &format!(r#"{{"pid":{},"window_id":{},"capture_mode":"ax","session":"{}"}}"#, c.pid, c.hwnd.0 as isize, c.session)); + c.field_idx = find_idx(&tree, |line| line.contains("] Edit")); + c.submit_idx = find_idx(&tree, |line| line.contains("] Button") && line.to_uppercase().contains("ADD RECORD")); + eprintln!("[orch] {:<9} session={:<9} field={:?} submit={:?} {}", + c.title, c.session, c.field_idx, c.submit_idx, + if c.field_idx.is_some() { "(a11y: set_value+invoke)" } else { "(no a11y: pixel)" }); + // Pre-arm a coloured cursor for this session. + let _ = run_call(&cua, "set_agent_cursor_enabled", &format!(r#"{{"enabled":true,"session":"{}"}}"#, c.session)); } - // 5. Spawn one driver thread per corner; fan out master events to all. + // One driver thread per corner. let mut senders: Vec<Sender<Action>> = Vec::new(); let mut handles = Vec::new(); for c in &corners { let (tx, rx) = channel::<Action>(); senders.push(tx); - let cua = cua_driver.clone(); - let (pid, hwnd_addr, session) = (c.pid, c.hwnd.0 as isize, c.session.to_string()); + let cua = cua.clone(); + let pid = c.pid; + let hwnd_addr = c.hwnd.0 as isize; + let session = c.session.to_string(); + let title = c.title.to_string(); handles.push(thread::spawn(move || { let hwnd = HWND(hwnd_addr as *mut _); + let ax = format!(r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"capture_mode":"ax","session":"{session}"}}"#); + let mut seen_records: i64 = -1; for act in rx { + // Re-discover element indices on a FRESH snapshot each action — + // a11y vs pixel is decided per action (Chromium's tree appears + // late and re-numbers as rows are added; GDI never has a tree). + let tree = run_call_out(&cua, "get_window_state", &ax); + let field = find_idx(&tree, |l| l.contains("] Edit")); + let submit = find_idx(&tree, |l| l.contains("] Button") && l.to_uppercase().contains("ADD RECORD")); match act { + Action::Type { text } => { + let ok = match field { + // a11y: plain type_text with element_index — cua-driver + // auto-routes to UIA ValuePattern.SetValue on its own. + Some(idx) => run_call(&cua, "type_text", &format!( + r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"element_index":{idx},"text":"{}","session":"{session}"}}"#, json_escape(&text))), + // no a11y (GDI): focus the field by pixel, then WM_CHAR. + None => { + if let Some((x, y)) = client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd, FIELD_FRAC.0, FIELD_FRAC.1) { + let _ = run_call(&cua, "click", &format!( + r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"x":{x},"y":{y},"session":"{session}"}}"#)); + } + run_call(&cua, "type_text", &format!( + r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"text":"{}","session":"{session}"}}"#, json_escape(&text))) + } + }; + eprintln!("[drive {session}] type {text:?} -> {}", if ok { "ok" } else { "FAIL" }); + } Action::Click { rx, ry } => { - if let Some((x, y)) = client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd, rx, ry) { - let ok = run_call(&cua, "click", &format!( - r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"x":{x},"y":{y},"session":"{session}"}}"#)); - eprintln!("[drive {session}] click ({x},{y}) -> {}", if ok { "ok" } else { "FAIL" }); + let ok = match submit { + Some(idx) => run_call(&cua, "click", &format!( + r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"element_index":{idx},"session":"{session}"}}"#)), + None => { + if let Some((x, y)) = client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd, rx, ry) { + run_call(&cua, "click", &format!( + r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"x":{x},"y":{y},"session":"{session}"}}"#)) + } else { false } + } + }; + eprintln!("[drive {session}] click Add Record -> {}", if ok { "ok" } else { "FAIL" }); + + // Verify a record was actually COMMITTED: the "Records: N" + // counter must increment. (Checking for the typed text + // alone is fooled by it sitting in the field.) Only the + // a11y corners expose the counter; GDI's is drawn pixels, + // so it's verified visually (its grid grows on screen). + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(300)); + let t2 = run_call_out(&cua, "get_window_state", &ax); + if let Some(n) = records_count(&t2) { + let landed = n as i64 > seen_records; + seen_records = n as i64; + eprintln!("[verify {session}] {title} Records={n} -> {}", + if landed { "COMMITTED ✓" } else { "FAIL (no new record)" }); } } - Action::Type { text } => { - // Focus the field first (so the chars land), then type. - if let Some((x, y)) = client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd, 0.5, 0.28) { - let _ = run_call(&cua, "click", &format!( - r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"x":{x},"y":{y},"session":"{session}"}}"#)); + Action::DrawMaze => { + // Pure coordinate drawing — NO element targeting, NO app + // cooperation. Each maze segment is one straight + // press-drag-release into the common REGION; cua-driver + // PostMessages the drag where it can and pen-injects it + // where the canvas (Chromium/WPF) drops posted mouse. + let map = |mx: f64, my: f64| { + let cfx = REGION[0] + mx * (REGION[2] - REGION[0]); + let cfy = REGION[1] + my * (REGION[3] - REGION[1]); + client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd, cfx, cfy) + }; + let mut drawn = 0; + for (x0, y0, x1, y1) in MAZE.iter() { + if let (Some((fx, fy)), Some((tx, ty))) = (map(*x0, *y0), map(*x1, *y1)) { + if run_call(&cua, "drag", &format!( + r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"from_x":{fx},"from_y":{fy},"to_x":{tx},"to_y":{ty},"dispatch":"background","session":"{session}"}}"#)) { + drawn += 1; + } + } + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(120)); + } + eprintln!("[draw {session}] maze: {drawn}/{} segments", MAZE.len()); + + // Read back by SCREENSHOT (WGC captures the occluded + // window) and diff the rendered ink against the + // rasterized reference maze — normalized into the same + // REGION grid, pass only under threshold. + thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(400)); + let shot = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("maze_{session}.png")); + let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&shot); + run_call_shot(&cua, &format!( + r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"capture_mode":"vision","max_image_dimension":4096,"session":"{session}"}}"#), &shot); + match score_maze(hwnd, &shot) { + Some(score) => eprintln!("[verify {session}] {title} maze score={score:.2} -> {}", + if score >= MAZE_PASS { "DREW MAZE ✓" } else { "FAIL (lines don't match)" }), + None => eprintln!("[verify {session}] {title} maze -> FAIL (no screenshot/region)"), } - let esc = json_escape(&text); - let ok = run_call(&cua, "type_text", &format!( - r#"{{"pid":{pid},"window_id":{hwnd_addr},"text":"{esc}","session":"{session}"}}"#)); - eprintln!("[drive {session}] type {text:?} -> {}", if ok { "ok" } else { "FAIL" }); } } } })); } - eprintln!("[orch] ready — click SUBMIT or type+SUBMIT in the center window; \ - watch {} coloured cursors drive the corners in the background.", corners.len()); + eprintln!("[orch] ready — submit a record in the center MASTER; watch {} coloured cursors \ + drive the corner terminals in the background.", corners.len()); - // Optional self-playing mode for unattended demo/verification: emit a - // TYPE then CLICK every few seconds, fanning out to all corners. if std::env::args().any(|a| a == "--auto") { let s2 = senders.clone(); thread::spawn(move || { for i in 1..=3 { thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3)); eprintln!("[orch] AUTO {i}: TYPE then CLICK"); - for tx in &s2 { let _ = tx.send(Action::Type { text: format!("auto {i}") }); } + for tx in &s2 { let _ = tx.send(Action::Type { text: format!("SUBJECT-{i:03}") }); } thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1800)); - for tx in &s2 { let _ = tx.send(Action::Click { rx: 0.5, ry: 0.577 }); } + // SAVE/"Add Record" button center (matches the GDI/master layout) + // for the pixel-driven GDI corner; a11y corners ignore rx/ry. + for tx in &s2 { let _ = tx.send(Action::Click { rx: 0.22, ry: 0.495 }); } } + // Finally: draw the same maze into every corner's drawing pad by + // pure coordinate drags, then screenshot-diff each against the + // reference. Proves canvas actuation with no a11y, no app help. + thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)); + eprintln!("[orch] AUTO 4: DRAW MAZE (line tool) + screenshot diff"); + for tx in &s2 { let _ = tx.send(Action::DrawMaze); } }); } - // 6. Read master events; fan out to all corner threads concurrently. let reader = BufReader::new(master_out); for line in reader.lines().map_while(Result::ok) { let parts: Vec<&str> = line.trim().split('\t').collect(); let action = match parts.as_slice() { - ["CLICK", rx, ry] => rx.parse::<f64>().ok().zip(ry.parse::<f64>().ok()) - .map(|(rx, ry)| Action::Click { rx, ry }), + ["CLICK", rx, ry] => rx.parse::<f64>().ok().zip(ry.parse::<f64>().ok()).map(|(rx, ry)| Action::Click { rx, ry }), ["TYPE", text] => Some(Action::Type { text: (*text).to_string() }), _ => None, }; @@ -242,7 +322,6 @@ fn main() { } } - // Master exited -> tear everything down. drop(senders); for h in handles { let _ = h.join(); } let _ = master.kill(); @@ -251,71 +330,214 @@ fn main() { } #[derive(Clone, Debug)] -enum Action { - Click { rx: f64, ry: f64 }, - Type { text: String }, -} +enum Action { Click { rx: f64, ry: f64 }, Type { text: String }, DrawMaze } fn json_escape(s: &str) -> String { let mut o = String::with_capacity(s.len()); for ch in s.chars() { - match ch { - '"' => o.push_str("\\\""), - '\\' => o.push_str("\\\\"), - '\n' => o.push_str("\\n"), - '\r' => {} - '\t' => o.push_str("\\t"), - c => o.push(c), - } + match ch { '"' => o.push_str("\\\""), '\\' => o.push_str("\\\\"), '\n' => o.push_str("\\n"), + '\r' => {}, '\t' => o.push_str("\\t"), c => o.push(c) } } o } -/// Run `cua-driver call <tool> <json>` (proxies to the running daemon). +/// `cua-driver call <tool> <json>` (proxies to the daemon). True on success. fn run_call(cua: &PathBuf, tool: &str, json: &str) -> bool { - Command::new(cua) - .arg("call").arg(tool).arg(json) + Command::new(cua).arg("call").arg(tool).arg(json) .stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) .status().map(|s| s.success()).unwrap_or(false) } +/// Same, capturing stdout (for get_window_state readback). +fn run_call_out(cua: &PathBuf, tool: &str, json: &str) -> String { + Command::new(cua).arg("call").arg(tool).arg(json) + .stderr(Stdio::null()).output() + .map(|o| String::from_utf8_lossy(&o.stdout).into_owned()).unwrap_or_default() +} +/// get_window_state writing the screenshot PNG to `out` (WGC; captures even a +/// fully occluded window). Used to read back what cua-driver drew. +fn run_call_shot(cua: &PathBuf, json: &str, out: &std::path::Path) -> bool { + Command::new(cua).arg("call").arg("get_window_state").arg(json) + .arg("--screenshot-out-file").arg(out) + .stdout(Stdio::null()).stderr(Stdio::null()) + .status().map(|s| s.success()).unwrap_or(false) +} + +/// DWM extended-frame size of `hwnd` — the pixel size of the WGC bitmap before +/// get_window_state downscales it to fit `max_image_dimension`. +fn window_frame_size(hwnd: HWND) -> Option<(i32, i32)> { + unsafe { + let mut d = RECT::default(); + if DwmGetWindowAttribute(hwnd, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS, &mut d as *mut _ as *mut core::ffi::c_void, std::mem::size_of::<RECT>() as u32).is_err() { + return None; + } + Some((d.right - d.left, d.bottom - d.top)) + } +} + +/// Shape-only F1 (0..1) of the maze cua-driver drew vs the reference maze. +/// +/// Reads the ink from the window screenshot (cropped to the drawing REGION), +/// then normalizes BOTH the drawn ink and the reference into a unit grid by +/// their own bounding boxes — so the score reflects the *shape* of the lines, +/// not where on the canvas they landed or at what scale (the user only wants +/// the shape penalized). The screenshot is downscaled to fit +/// `max_image_dimension`, so REGION (full-res bitmap px) is scaled by the +/// PNG/frame ratio before cropping. +fn score_maze(hwnd: HWND, png: &std::path::Path) -> Option<f64> { + let img = image::open(png).ok()?.to_luma8(); + let (iw, ih) = (img.width() as i32, img.height() as i32); + let (fw, fh) = window_frame_size(hwnd)?; + if fw <= 0 || fh <= 0 { return None; } + let (fx, fy) = (iw as f64 / fw as f64, ih as f64 / fh as f64); + let (ax, ay) = client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd, REGION[0], REGION[1])?; + let (bx, by) = client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd, REGION[2], REGION[3])?; + let cx0 = (((ax.min(bx)) as f64 * fx).floor() as i32).max(0); + let cy0 = (((ay.min(by)) as f64 * fy).floor() as i32).max(0); + let cx1 = (((ax.max(bx)) as f64 * fx).ceil() as i32).min(iw - 1); + let cy1 = (((ay.max(by)) as f64 * fy).ceil() as i32).min(ih - 1); + if cx1 - cx0 < 12 || cy1 - cy0 < 12 { return None; } + + // Drawn ink + its bounding box. + let mut ink: Vec<(i32, i32)> = Vec::new(); + let (mut nx, mut ny, mut xx, mut xy) = (i32::MAX, i32::MAX, i32::MIN, i32::MIN); + for y in cy0..=cy1 { + for x in cx0..=cx1 { + if img.get_pixel(x as u32, y as u32).0[0] < 150 { + ink.push((x, y)); + if x < nx { nx = x } if x > xx { xx = x } + if y < ny { ny = y } if y > xy { xy = y } + } + } + } + const N: usize = 96; + if ink.len() < 20 || xx <= nx || xy <= ny { return None; } + let (bw, bh) = ((xx - nx) as f64, (xy - ny) as f64); + let mut a = vec![false; N * N]; + for (x, y) in ink { + let gx = (((x - nx) as f64 / bw) * (N as f64 - 1.0)).round() as usize; + let gy = (((y - ny) as f64 / bh) * (N as f64 - 1.0)).round() as usize; + a[gy.min(N - 1) * N + gx.min(N - 1)] = true; + } + + // Reference maze, normalized to ITS bounding box the same way. + let (mut rnx, mut rny, mut rxx, mut rxy) = (f64::MAX, f64::MAX, f64::MIN, f64::MIN); + for (x0, y0, x1, y1) in MAZE.iter() { + for (px, py) in [(*x0, *y0), (*x1, *y1)] { + if px < rnx { rnx = px } if px > rxx { rxx = px } + if py < rny { rny = py } if py > rxy { rxy = py } + } + } + let (rbw, rbh) = ((rxx - rnx).max(1e-6), (rxy - rny).max(1e-6)); + let mut b = vec![false; N * N]; + for (x0, y0, x1, y1) in MAZE.iter() { + raster_line(&mut b, N, (x0 - rnx) / rbw, (y0 - rny) / rbh, (x1 - rnx) / rbw, (y1 - rny) / rbh); + } + Some(mask_f1(&a, &b, N, 2)) +} + +/// Bresenham rasterize a normalized [0,1] segment into the N×N reference mask. +fn raster_line(mask: &mut [bool], n: usize, x0: f64, y0: f64, x1: f64, y1: f64) { + let s = n as f64 - 1.0; + let (px1, py1) = ((x1 * s) as i32, (y1 * s) as i32); + let (mut x, mut y) = ((x0 * s) as i32, (y0 * s) as i32); + let (dx, dy) = ((px1 - x).abs(), -(py1 - y).abs()); + let (sx, sy) = (if x < px1 { 1 } else { -1 }, if y < py1 { 1 } else { -1 }); + let mut err = dx + dy; + loop { + if x >= 0 && y >= 0 && (x as usize) < n && (y as usize) < n { mask[y as usize * n + x as usize] = true; } + if x == px1 && y == py1 { break; } + let e2 = 2 * err; + if e2 >= dy { err += dy; x += sx; } + if e2 <= dx { err += dx; y += sy; } + } +} + +/// Chebyshev dilation by radius `r`. +fn dilate(m: &[bool], n: usize, r: i32) -> Vec<bool> { + let mut o = vec![false; n * n]; + for y in 0..n as i32 { + for x in 0..n as i32 { + if !m[y as usize * n + x as usize] { continue; } + for dy in -r..=r { + for dx in -r..=r { + let (nx, ny) = (x + dx, y + dy); + if nx >= 0 && ny >= 0 && (nx as usize) < n && (ny as usize) < n { o[ny as usize * n + nx as usize] = true; } + } + } + } + } + o +} + +/// F1 of two ink masks, each dilated by `r` so near-misses count as matches. +fn mask_f1(a: &[bool], b: &[bool], n: usize, r: i32) -> f64 { + let (da, db) = (dilate(a, n, r), dilate(b, n, r)); + let (mut ca, mut cb, mut ma, mut mb) = (0usize, 0usize, 0usize, 0usize); + for i in 0..n * n { + if a[i] { ca += 1; if db[i] { ma += 1; } } + if b[i] { cb += 1; if da[i] { mb += 1; } } + } + if ca == 0 || cb == 0 { return 0.0; } + let precision = ma as f64 / ca as f64; // drawn ink that is near the reference + let recall = mb as f64 / cb as f64; // reference covered by drawn ink + if precision + recall == 0.0 { 0.0 } else { 2.0 * precision * recall / (precision + recall) } +} -fn screen_size() -> (i32, i32) { - use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{GetSystemMetrics, SM_CXSCREEN, SM_CYSCREEN}; - unsafe { (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN)) } +/// First `[N]` element index on a tree line matching `pred`. +fn find_idx(tree: &str, pred: impl Fn(&str) -> bool) -> Option<u64> { + // The tree is one JSON line with literal "\n" separators between rows. + for line in tree.split("\\n") { + if !pred(line) { continue; } + let st = line.find('[')? + 1; + let en = line[st..].find(']')? + st; + if let Ok(n) = line[st..en].trim().parse() { return Some(n); } + } + None +} + +/// Parse the "Records: N" counter from a window-state tree (status bar). +fn records_count(tree: &str) -> Option<u32> { + let pos = tree.find("Records:")?; + let rest = &tree[pos + "Records:".len()..]; + let digits: String = rest.trim_start().chars().take_while(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()).collect(); + digits.parse().ok() } -fn place(hwnd: HWND, x: i32, y: i32, activate: bool) { +fn work_area() -> RECT { + use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{SystemParametersInfoW, SPI_GETWORKAREA, SYSTEM_PARAMETERS_INFO_UPDATE_FLAGS}; + let mut wa = RECT::default(); + unsafe { let _ = SystemParametersInfoW(SPI_GETWORKAREA, 0, Some(&mut wa as *mut _ as *mut core::ffi::c_void), SYSTEM_PARAMETERS_INFO_UPDATE_FLAGS(0)); } + if wa.right <= wa.left || wa.bottom <= wa.top { + use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{GetSystemMetrics, SM_CXSCREEN, SM_CYSCREEN}; + unsafe { wa = RECT { left: 0, top: 0, right: GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), bottom: GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) }; } + } + wa +} + +fn place(hwnd: HWND, x: i32, y: i32, w: i32, h: i32, activate: bool) { if hwnd.0.is_null() { return; } - let flags = if activate { SWP_SHOWWINDOW | SWP_NOZORDER } else { SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_SHOWWINDOW | SWP_NOZORDER }; - unsafe { let _ = SetWindowPos(hwnd, HWND_TOP, x, y, WIN_W, WIN_H, flags); } + let flags = if activate { SWP_SHOWWINDOW } else { SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_SHOWWINDOW | SWP_NOZORDER }; + unsafe { let _ = SetWindowPos(hwnd, HWND_TOP, x, y, w, h, flags); } } -/// Convert a client-relative point (0..1) to the click tool's window-local -/// screenshot-pixel space: ClientToScreen, then subtract the DWM extended -/// frame top-left + the 1px capture inset (mirrors `bitmap_to_screen`). +/// Client-relative (0..1) -> the click tool's window-local screenshot-pixel +/// space (ClientToScreen minus the DWM extended-frame top-left + 1px inset). fn client_rel_to_local_px(hwnd: HWND, rx: f64, ry: f64) -> Option<(i32, i32)> { unsafe { let mut cr = RECT::default(); GetClientRect(hwnd, &mut cr).ok()?; - let cw = (cr.right - cr.left) as f64; - let ch = (cr.bottom - cr.top) as f64; - let mut pt = POINT { x: (rx * cw) as i32, y: (ry * ch) as i32 }; + let mut pt = POINT { x: (rx * (cr.right - cr.left) as f64) as i32, y: (ry * (cr.bottom - cr.top) as f64) as i32 }; let _ = ClientToScreen(hwnd, &mut pt); let mut dwm = RECT::default(); - if DwmGetWindowAttribute(hwnd, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS, - &mut dwm as *mut _ as *mut core::ffi::c_void, - std::mem::size_of::<RECT>() as u32).is_err() - { + if DwmGetWindowAttribute(hwnd, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS, &mut dwm as *mut _ as *mut core::ffi::c_void, std::mem::size_of::<RECT>() as u32).is_err() { return Some((pt.x, pt.y)); } Some((pt.x - dwm.left - 1, pt.y - dwm.top - 1)) } } -// ── window discovery by title substring ─────────────────────────────────────── - +// ── window discovery by title substring (case-insensitive) ──────────────────── struct Finder { needle: String, hwnd: HWND, pid: u32 } - unsafe extern "system" fn enum_cb(hwnd: HWND, lparam: LPARAM) -> BOOL { let f = &mut *(lparam.0 as *mut Finder); if !IsWindowVisible(hwnd).as_bool() { return TRUE; } @@ -323,18 +545,16 @@ unsafe extern "system" fn enum_cb(hwnd: HWND, lparam: LPARAM) -> BOOL { let n = GetWindowTextW(hwnd, &mut buf); if n > 0 { let title = String::from_utf16_lossy(&buf[..n as usize]); - if title.contains(&f.needle) { + if title.to_lowercase().contains(&f.needle.to_lowercase()) { let mut pid = 0u32; GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, Some(&mut pid)); - f.hwnd = hwnd; - f.pid = pid; - return BOOL(0); // stop + f.hwnd = hwnd; f.pid = pid; + return BOOL(0); } } let _ = PWSTR::null(); TRUE } - fn find_window_by_title(needle: &str) -> Option<(HWND, u32)> { let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(8); loop { diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs index a80e1c8230..fe562a236e 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/inject.rs @@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ use windows::Win32::UI::Input::KeyboardAndMouse::{ }; use windows::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{ GetAncestor, GetCursorPos, GetForegroundWindow, GetWindowLongPtrW, GetWindowThreadProcessId, - SetCursorPos, SetForegroundWindow, SetWindowLongPtrW, SetWindowPos, SystemParametersInfoW, - GA_ROOT, GWL_EXSTYLE, HWND_NOTOPMOST, HWND_TOP, HWND_TOPMOST, PT_PEN, PT_TOUCH, - SPI_GETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT, SPI_SETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT, SWP_NOACTIVATE, SWP_NOMOVE, + IsWindow, SetCursorPos, SetForegroundWindow, SetWindowLongPtrW, SetWindowPos, + SystemParametersInfoW, GA_ROOT, GWL_EXSTYLE, HWND_NOTOPMOST, HWND_TOP, HWND_TOPMOST, PT_PEN, + PT_TOUCH, SPI_GETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT, SPI_SETFOREGROUNDLOCKTIMEOUT, SWP_NOACTIVATE, SWP_NOMOVE, SWP_NOSIZE, SYSTEM_PARAMETERS_INFO_UPDATE_FLAGS, WS_EX_NOACTIVATE, }; @@ -223,7 +223,9 @@ impl NoActivateGuard { }; let prev = GetWindowLongPtrW(root, GWL_EXSTYLE); let want = WS_EX_NOACTIVATE.0 as isize; - let applied = prev != 0 && (prev & want) == 0 && { + // Apply WS_EX_NOACTIVATE if not already set (prev can be 0, so don't + // gate on it — we just need to check the bit and set it if absent). + let applied = (prev & want) == 0 && { SetWindowLongPtrW(root, GWL_EXSTYLE, prev | want); // Confirm it took (cross-process SetWindowLongPtr can be denied // by UIPI on higher-integrity targets). @@ -303,8 +305,12 @@ struct ZorderGuard { impl ZorderGuard { unsafe fn arm(target: HWND) -> Self { let prev_fg = GetForegroundWindow(); - // Raise a genuine *background* target into the topmost band so it wins - // the injection hit-test even over an active occluder — no activation. + // TODO: Check if target is actually occluded (WindowFromPoint over its + // client rect) before raising, and preserve its original topmost state + // (via GetWindowLongPtr/WS_EX_TOPMOST) so drop() can restore it instead + // of unconditionally demoting. Current behavior: raise any non-foreground + // target into topmost band (works for common case, but loses original z + // and raises even when not occluded). let raised = !target.0.is_null() && target != prev_fg; if raised { set_topmost(target, true); @@ -388,7 +394,15 @@ fn pen_tap(sx: i32, sy: i32, barrel: bool) -> Result<()> { /// on Chromium content (returned errors), whereas synthetic-pen injection lands /// reliably and routes by coordinate with no foreground dependency. pub fn inject_click_screen(target: u64, sx: i32, sy: i32, count: usize, button: &str) -> Result<()> { + if target == 0 { + bail!("inject_click_screen: null target window"); + } let target_h = HWND(target as *mut _); + unsafe { + if !IsWindow(target_h).as_bool() { + bail!("inject_click_screen: invalid or stale target HWND"); + } + } if let Some(msg) = crate::input::post_message_blocked_by_uipi(target) { // Higher-integrity target: injection into its queue is blocked too. bail!(msg); @@ -582,7 +596,15 @@ pub fn inject_drag_screen( steps: usize, button: &str, ) -> Result<()> { + if target == 0 { + bail!("inject_drag_screen: null target window"); + } let target_h = HWND(target as *mut _); + unsafe { + if !IsWindow(target_h).as_bool() { + bail!("inject_drag_screen: invalid or stale target HWND"); + } + } if let Some(msg) = crate::input::post_message_blocked_by_uipi(target) { bail!(msg); } diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mouse.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mouse.rs index 2459ba1640..ae447fab19 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mouse.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/input/mouse.rs @@ -202,7 +202,8 @@ pub fn post_drag_screen( let steps = steps.max(1); let step_delay_ms = if steps > 1 { duration_ms / steps as u64 } else { duration_ms }; unsafe { - PostMessageW(target, WM_MOUSEMOVE, wparam, make_lparam(c_from.x, c_from.y))?; + // Pre-drag MOUSEMOVE (wParam=0, no buttons down yet) then DOWN at from. + PostMessageW(target, WM_MOUSEMOVE, WPARAM(0), make_lparam(c_from.x, c_from.y))?; PostMessageW(target, down_msg, wparam, make_lparam(c_from.x, c_from.y))?; } sleep(Duration::from_millis(CLICK_DELAY_MS)); From 39cd6323231b56476021d6086cbe95dcaffafc98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dillon DuPont <ddupont@mit.edu> Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2026 14:30:44 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 10/10] fix(cua-driver): include turn_radius in set_agent_cursor_motion + get_agent_cursor_state responses Added turn_radius to both text summary and structured JSON payloads so callers can verify the applied value. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> --- .../rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs | 8 ++++++-- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs index 9479ab3f82..b1678d28b4 100644 --- a/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs +++ b/libs/cua-driver/rust/crates/platform-windows/src/tools/impl_.rs @@ -4097,13 +4097,14 @@ impl Tool for SetAgentCursorMotionTool { // Match Swift text format 1:1. let summary = format!( "cursor motion: startHandle={sh} endHandle={eh} arcSize={asz} arcFlow={af} \ - spring={sp} glideDurationMs={gd} dwellAfterClickMs={dw} idleHideMs={ih}", + spring={sp} glideDurationMs={gd} dwellAfterClickMs={dw} idleHideMs={ih} turnRadius={tr}", sh = updated.start_handle, eh = updated.end_handle, asz = updated.arc_size, af = updated.arc_flow, sp = updated.spring, gd = updated.glide_duration_ms as i64, dw = updated.dwell_after_click_ms as i64, ih = updated.idle_hide_ms as i64, + tr = updated.turn_radius as i64, ); ToolResult::text(format!("✅ {summary}")).with_structured(json!({ "cursor_id": cursor_id, @@ -4115,6 +4116,7 @@ impl Tool for SetAgentCursorMotionTool { "glide_duration_ms": updated.glide_duration_ms, "dwell_after_click_ms": updated.dwell_after_click_ms, "idle_hide_ms": updated.idle_hide_ms, + "turn_radius": updated.turn_radius, })) } } @@ -4150,13 +4152,14 @@ impl Tool for GetAgentCursorStateTool { // Swift text format 1:1: single-line camelCase key=value pairs. let summary = format!( "cursor: enabled={enabled} startHandle={sh} endHandle={eh} arcSize={asz} \ - arcFlow={af} spring={sp} glideDurationMs={gd} dwellAfterClickMs={dw} idleHideMs={ih}", + arcFlow={af} spring={sp} glideDurationMs={gd} dwellAfterClickMs={dw} idleHideMs={ih} turnRadius={tr}", sh = motion.start_handle, eh = motion.end_handle, asz = motion.arc_size, af = motion.arc_flow, sp = motion.spring, gd = motion.glide_duration_ms as i64, dw = motion.dwell_after_click_ms as i64, ih = motion.idle_hide_ms as i64, + tr = motion.turn_radius as i64, ); // Rust-only structured payload: the same fields + the multi-cursor // instance map. Cursor instances are a Rust extension Swift doesn't @@ -4173,6 +4176,7 @@ impl Tool for GetAgentCursorStateTool { "glide_duration_ms": motion.glide_duration_ms, "dwell_after_click_ms": motion.dwell_after_click_ms, "idle_hide_ms": motion.idle_hide_ms, + "turn_radius": motion.turn_radius, "cursors": cursors, })) }