diff --git a/plugin/trino-functions-python/src/main/java/io/trino/plugin/functions/python/TrinoTypes.java b/plugin/trino-functions-python/src/main/java/io/trino/plugin/functions/python/TrinoTypes.java
index ef72d30550a6..e99b2d9885c3 100644
--- a/plugin/trino-functions-python/src/main/java/io/trino/plugin/functions/python/TrinoTypes.java
+++ b/plugin/trino-functions-python/src/main/java/io/trino/plugin/functions/python/TrinoTypes.java
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 import static io.trino.spi.type.TypeUtils.writeNativeValue;
 import static java.lang.Math.toIntExact;
 import static java.math.RoundingMode.HALF_UP;
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNullElse;
 
 final class TrinoTypes
 {
@@ -381,9 +382,17 @@ public static Object binaryToJava(Type type, SliceInput input)
             case MapType mapType -> binaryMapToJava(mapType, input);
             case DecimalType decimalType -> {
                 BigDecimal decimal = new BigDecimal(input.readSlice(input.readInt()).toStringUtf8());
-                yield decimalType.isShort()
-                        ? encodeShortScaledValue(decimal, decimalType.getScale(), HALF_UP)
-                        : encodeScaledValue(decimal, decimalType.getScale(), HALF_UP);
+                try {
+                    yield decimalType.isShort()
+                            ? encodeShortScaledValue(decimal, decimalType.getScale(), HALF_UP)
+                            : encodeScaledValue(decimal, decimalType.getScale(), HALF_UP);
+                }
+                catch (ArithmeticException e) {
+                    throw new TrinoException(
+                            FUNCTION_IMPLEMENTATION_ERROR,
+                            "Function result cannot be converted to %s: %s".formatted(decimalType.getDisplayName(), requireNonNullElse(e.getMessage(), e)),
+                            e);
+                }
             }
             case TimeType timeType -> {
                 long micros = roundMicros(input.readLong(), timeType.getPrecision()) % MICROSECONDS_PER_DAY;
diff --git a/plugin/trino-functions-python/src/test/java/io/trino/plugin/functions/python/TestPythonFunctions.java b/plugin/trino-functions-python/src/test/java/io/trino/plugin/functions/python/TestPythonFunctions.java
index c8dc1779a3d6..f0401a121956 100644
--- a/plugin/trino-functions-python/src/test/java/io/trino/plugin/functions/python/TestPythonFunctions.java
+++ b/plugin/trino-functions-python/src/test/java/io/trino/plugin/functions/python/TestPythonFunctions.java
@@ -898,6 +898,37 @@ assert str(x) == '12345678901234567890.12340'
                 SELECT test_decimal_long(12345678901234567890.1234)
                 """))
                 .matches("VALUES cast(1524148134430814813443.07447 AS decimal(38, 5))");
+
+        String realToDecimalInPython =
+                """
+                WITH FUNCTION test_cast_real_to_decimal(x real)
+                RETURNS decimal(38, 5)
+                LANGUAGE PYTHON
+                WITH (handler = 'test')
+                AS $$
+                from decimal import Decimal
+                def test(x):
+                    return Decimal.from_float(x)
+                $$
+                """;
+
+        // underflow
+        assertThat(assertions.query(realToDecimalInPython + "SELECT test_cast_real_to_decimal(REAL '1e-17')"))
+                .matches("VALUES CAST('0' AS decimal(38, 5))");
+
+        // overflow
+        assertThat(assertions.query(realToDecimalInPython + "SELECT test_cast_real_to_decimal(REAL '1e+34')"))
+                .failure().hasMessage("Function result cannot be converted to decimal(38,5): Decimal overflow");
+
+        // NaN
+        assertThat(assertions.query( realToDecimalInPython + "SELECT test_cast_real_to_decimal(REAL 'NaN')"))
+                .failure().hasMessage("Failed to convert Python result type 'decimal.Decimal' to Trino type DECIMAL: ValueError: Decimal is not finite: NaN");
+
+        // Infinity
+        assertThat(assertions.query(realToDecimalInPython + "SELECT test_cast_real_to_decimal(REAL '-Infinity')"))
+                .failure().hasMessage("Failed to convert Python result type 'decimal.Decimal' to Trino type DECIMAL: ValueError: Decimal is not finite: -Infinity");
+        assertThat(assertions.query( realToDecimalInPython + "SELECT test_cast_real_to_decimal(REAL '+Infinity')"))
+                .failure().hasMessage("Failed to convert Python result type 'decimal.Decimal' to Trino type DECIMAL: ValueError: Decimal is not finite: Infinity");
     }
 
     @Test