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BleComboKeyboard.cpp
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#include <BLEDevice.h>
#include <BLEUtils.h>
#include <BLEServer.h>
#include "BLE2902.h"
#include "BLEHIDDevice.h"
#include "HIDTypes.h"
#include <driver/adc.h>
#include "sdkconfig.h"
#include <WiFi.h>
#include "BleConnectionStatus.h"
#include "KeyboardOutputCallbacks.h"
#include "BleComboKeyboard.h"
#if defined(CONFIG_ARDUHAL_ESP_LOG)
#include "esp32-hal-log.h"
#define LOG_TAG ""
#else
#include "esp_log.h"
static const char* LOG_TAG = "BLEDevice";
#endif
// Report IDs:
#define KEYBOARD_ID 0x01
#define MEDIA_KEYS_ID 0x02
#define MOUSE_ID 0x03
#define REL_MOUSE_ID 0x04
static const uint8_t _hidReportDescriptor[] = {
USAGE_PAGE(1), 0x01, // USAGE_PAGE (Generic Desktop Ctrls)
USAGE(1), 0x06, // USAGE (Keyboard)
COLLECTION(1), 0x01, // COLLECTION (Application)
// ------------------------------------------------- Keyboard
REPORT_ID(1), KEYBOARD_ID, // REPORT_ID (1)
USAGE_PAGE(1), 0x07, // USAGE_PAGE (Kbrd/Keypad)
USAGE_MINIMUM(1), 0xE0, // USAGE_MINIMUM (0xE0)
USAGE_MAXIMUM(1), 0xE7, // USAGE_MAXIMUM (0xE7)
LOGICAL_MINIMUM(1), 0x00, // LOGICAL_MINIMUM (0)
LOGICAL_MAXIMUM(1), 0x01, // Logical Maximum (1)
REPORT_SIZE(1), 0x01, // REPORT_SIZE (1)
REPORT_COUNT(1), 0x08, // REPORT_COUNT (8)
HIDINPUT(1), 0x02, // INPUT (Data,Var,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null Position)
REPORT_COUNT(1), 0x01, // REPORT_COUNT (1) ; 1 byte (Reserved)
REPORT_SIZE(1), 0x08, // REPORT_SIZE (8)
HIDINPUT(1), 0x01, // INPUT (Const,Array,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null Position)
REPORT_COUNT(1), 0x05, // REPORT_COUNT (5) ; 5 bits (Num lock, Caps lock, Scroll lock, Compose, Kana)
REPORT_SIZE(1), 0x01, // REPORT_SIZE (1)
USAGE_PAGE(1), 0x08, // USAGE_PAGE (LEDs)
USAGE_MINIMUM(1), 0x01, // USAGE_MINIMUM (0x01) ; Num Lock
USAGE_MAXIMUM(1), 0x05, // USAGE_MAXIMUM (0x05) ; Kana
HIDOUTPUT(1), 0x02, // OUTPUT (Data,Var,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null Position,Non-volatile)
REPORT_COUNT(1), 0x01, // REPORT_COUNT (1) ; 3 bits (Padding)
REPORT_SIZE(1), 0x03, // REPORT_SIZE (3)
HIDOUTPUT(1), 0x01, // OUTPUT (Const,Array,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null Position,Non-volatile)
REPORT_COUNT(1), 0x06, // REPORT_COUNT (6) ; 6 bytes (Keys)
REPORT_SIZE(1), 0x08, // REPORT_SIZE(8)
LOGICAL_MINIMUM(1), 0x00, // LOGICAL_MINIMUM(0)
LOGICAL_MAXIMUM(1), 0x65, // LOGICAL_MAXIMUM(0x65) ; 101 keys
USAGE_PAGE(1), 0x07, // USAGE_PAGE (Kbrd/Keypad)
USAGE_MINIMUM(1), 0x00, // USAGE_MINIMUM (0)
USAGE_MAXIMUM(1), 0x65, // USAGE_MAXIMUM (0x65)
HIDINPUT(1), 0x00, // INPUT (Data,Array,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null Position)
END_COLLECTION(0), // END_COLLECTION
// ------------------------------------------------- Media Keys
USAGE_PAGE(1), 0x0C, // USAGE_PAGE (Consumer)
USAGE(1), 0x01, // USAGE (Consumer Control)
COLLECTION(1), 0x01, // COLLECTION (Application)
REPORT_ID(1), MEDIA_KEYS_ID, // REPORT_ID (3)
USAGE_PAGE(1), 0x0C, // USAGE_PAGE (Consumer)
LOGICAL_MINIMUM(1), 0x00, // LOGICAL_MINIMUM (0)
LOGICAL_MAXIMUM(1), 0x01, // LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (1)
REPORT_SIZE(1), 0x01, // REPORT_SIZE (1)
REPORT_COUNT(1), 0x10, // REPORT_COUNT (16)
USAGE(1), 0xB5, // USAGE (Scan Next Track) ; bit 0: 1
USAGE(1), 0xB6, // USAGE (Scan Previous Track) ; bit 1: 2
USAGE(1), 0xB7, // USAGE (Stop) ; bit 2: 4
USAGE(1), 0xCD, // USAGE (Play/Pause) ; bit 3: 8
USAGE(1), 0xE2, // USAGE (Mute) ; bit 4: 16
USAGE(1), 0xE9, // USAGE (Volume Increment) ; bit 5: 32
USAGE(1), 0xEA, // USAGE (Volume Decrement) ; bit 6: 64
USAGE(2), 0x23, 0x02, // Usage (WWW Home) ; bit 7: 128
USAGE(2), 0x94, 0x01, // Usage (My Computer) ; bit 0: 1
USAGE(2), 0x92, 0x01, // Usage (Calculator) ; bit 1: 2
USAGE(2), 0x2A, 0x02, // Usage (WWW fav) ; bit 2: 4
USAGE(2), 0x21, 0x02, // Usage (WWW search) ; bit 3: 8
USAGE(2), 0x26, 0x02, // Usage (WWW stop) ; bit 4: 16
USAGE(2), 0x24, 0x02, // Usage (WWW back) ; bit 5: 32
USAGE(2), 0x83, 0x01, // Usage (Media sel) ; bit 6: 64
USAGE(2), 0x8A, 0x01, // Usage (Mail) ; bit 7: 128
HIDINPUT(1), 0x02, // INPUT (Data,Var,Abs,No Wrap,Linear,Preferred State,No Null Position)
END_COLLECTION(0), // END_COLLECTION
// ------------------------------------------------- ABS Mouse
0x05, 0x0d, /* USAGE_PAGE (Digitizer) */
0x09, 0x04, /* USAGE (Touch Screen) */
0xa1, 0x01, /* COLLECTION (Application) */
0x85, MOUSE_ID, /* REPORT_ID */
/* declare a finger collection */
0x09, 0x20, /* Usage (Stylus) */
0xA1, 0x00, /* Collection (Physical) */
/* Declare a finger touch (finger up/down) */
0x09, 0x42, /* Usage (Tip Switch) */
0x09, 0x32, /* USAGE (In Range) */
0x15, 0x00, /* LOGICAL_MINIMUM (0) */
0x25, 0x01, /* LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (1) */
0x75, 0x01, /* REPORT_SIZE (1) */
0x95, 0x02, /* REPORT_COUNT (2) */
0x81, 0x02, /* INPUT (Data,Var,Abs) */
/* Declare the remaining 6 bits of the first data byte as constant -> the driver will ignore them */
0x75, 0x01, /* REPORT_SIZE (1) */
0x95, 0x06, /* REPORT_COUNT (6) */
0x81, 0x01, /* INPUT (Cnst,Ary,Abs) */
/* Define absolute X and Y coordinates of 16 bit each (percent values multiplied with 100) */
/* http://www.usb.org/developers/hidpage/Hut1_12v2.pdf */
/* Chapter 16.2 says: "In the Stylus collection a Pointer physical collection will contain the axes reported by the stylus." */
0x05, 0x01, /* Usage Page (Generic Desktop) */
0x09, 0x01, /* Usage (Pointer) */
0xA1, 0x00, /* Collection (Physical) */
0x09, 0x30, /* Usage (X) */
0x09, 0x31, /* Usage (Y) */
0x16, 0x00, 0x00, /* Logical Minimum (0) */
0x26, 0x10, 0x27, /* Logical Maximum (10000) */
0x36, 0x00, 0x00, /* Physical Minimum (0) */
0x46, 0x10, 0x27, /* Physical Maximum (10000) */
0x66, 0x00, 0x00, /* UNIT (None) */
0x75, 0x10, /* Report Size (16), */
0x95, 0x02, /* Report Count (2), */
0x81, 0x02, /* Input (Data,Var,Abs) */
0xc0, /* END_COLLECTION */
0xc0, /* END_COLLECTION */
0xc0, /* END_COLLECTION */
// With this declaration a data packet must be sent as:
// byte 1 -> "touch" state (bit 0 = pen up/down, bit 1 = In Range)
// byte 2,3 -> absolute X coordinate (0...10000)
// byte 4,5 -> absolute Y coordinate (0...10000)
//----------------REL Mouse
USAGE_PAGE(1), 0x01, // USAGE_PAGE (Generic Desktop)
USAGE(1), 0x02, // USAGE (Mouse)
COLLECTION(1), 0x01, // COLLECTION (Application)
USAGE(1), 0x01, // USAGE (Pointer)
COLLECTION(1), 0x00, // COLLECTION (Physical)
REPORT_ID(1), REL_MOUSE_ID, // REPORT_ID (4)
// ------------------------------------------------- Buttons (Left, Right, Middle, Back, Forward)
USAGE_PAGE(1), 0x09, // USAGE_PAGE (Button)
USAGE_MINIMUM(1), 0x01, // USAGE_MINIMUM (Button 1)
USAGE_MAXIMUM(1), 0x05, // USAGE_MAXIMUM (Button 5)
LOGICAL_MINIMUM(1), 0x00, // LOGICAL_MINIMUM (0)
LOGICAL_MAXIMUM(1), 0x01, // LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (1)
REPORT_SIZE(1), 0x01, // REPORT_SIZE (1)
REPORT_COUNT(1), 0x05, // REPORT_COUNT (5)
HIDINPUT(1), 0x02, // INPUT (Data, Variable, Absolute) ;5 button bits
// ------------------------------------------------- Padding
REPORT_SIZE(1), 0x03, // REPORT_SIZE (3)
REPORT_COUNT(1), 0x01, // REPORT_COUNT (1)
HIDINPUT(1), 0x03, // INPUT (Constant, Variable, Absolute) ;3 bit padding
// ------------------------------------------------- X/Y position, Wheel
USAGE_PAGE(1), 0x01, // USAGE_PAGE (Generic Desktop)
USAGE(1), 0x30, // USAGE (X)
USAGE(1), 0x31, // USAGE (Y)
USAGE(1), 0x38, // USAGE (Wheel)
LOGICAL_MINIMUM(1), 0x81, // LOGICAL_MINIMUM (-127)
LOGICAL_MAXIMUM(1), 0x7f, // LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (127)
REPORT_SIZE(1), 0x08, // REPORT_SIZE (8)
REPORT_COUNT(1), 0x03, // REPORT_COUNT (3)
HIDINPUT(1), 0x06, // INPUT (Data, Variable, Relative) ;3 bytes (X,Y,Wheel)
// ------------------------------------------------- Horizontal wheel
USAGE_PAGE(1), 0x0c, // USAGE PAGE (Consumer Devices)
USAGE(2), 0x38, 0x02, // USAGE (AC Pan)
LOGICAL_MINIMUM(1), 0x81, // LOGICAL_MINIMUM (-127)
LOGICAL_MAXIMUM(1), 0x7f, // LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (127)
REPORT_SIZE(1), 0x08, // REPORT_SIZE (8)
REPORT_COUNT(1), 0x01, // REPORT_COUNT (1)
HIDINPUT(1), 0x06, // INPUT (Data, Var, Rel)
END_COLLECTION(0), // END_COLLECTION
END_COLLECTION(0) // END_COLLECTION
};
BleComboKeyboard::BleComboKeyboard(std::string deviceName, std::string deviceManufacturer, uint8_t batteryLevel) : hid(0)
{
this->deviceName = deviceName;
this->deviceManufacturer = deviceManufacturer;
this->batteryLevel = batteryLevel;
this->connectionStatus = new BleConnectionStatus();
}
void BleComboKeyboard::begin(void)
{
xTaskCreate(this->taskServer, "server", 20000, (void *)this, 5, NULL);
}
void BleComboKeyboard::end(void)
{
}
bool BleComboKeyboard::isConnected(void) {
return this->connectionStatus->connected;
}
void BleComboKeyboard::setBatteryLevel(uint8_t level) {
this->batteryLevel = level;
if (hid != 0)
this->hid->setBatteryLevel(this->batteryLevel);
}
BLECharacteristicCallbacks* globalCallbacks = nullptr;
void BleComboKeyboard::setCallbacks(BLECharacteristicCallbacks *callbacks) {
globalCallbacks=callbacks;
}
void BleComboKeyboard::taskServer(void* pvParameter) {
BleComboKeyboard* bleKeyboardInstance = (BleComboKeyboard *) pvParameter; //static_cast<BleComboKeyboard *>(pvParameter);
BLEDevice::init(bleKeyboardInstance->deviceName.c_str());
BLEServer *pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();
pServer->setCallbacks(bleKeyboardInstance->connectionStatus);
bleKeyboardInstance->hid = new BLEHIDDevice(pServer);
bleKeyboardInstance->inputKeyboard = bleKeyboardInstance->hid->inputReport(KEYBOARD_ID); // <-- input REPORTID from report map
bleKeyboardInstance->outputKeyboard = bleKeyboardInstance->hid->outputReport(KEYBOARD_ID);
bleKeyboardInstance->inputMediaKeys = bleKeyboardInstance->hid->inputReport(MEDIA_KEYS_ID);
bleKeyboardInstance->connectionStatus->inputKeyboard = bleKeyboardInstance->inputKeyboard;
bleKeyboardInstance->connectionStatus->outputKeyboard = bleKeyboardInstance->outputKeyboard;
bleKeyboardInstance->inputMouse = bleKeyboardInstance->hid->inputReport(MOUSE_ID); // <-- input REPORTID from report map
bleKeyboardInstance->connectionStatus->inputMouse = bleKeyboardInstance->inputMouse;
bleKeyboardInstance->inputRELMouse = bleKeyboardInstance->hid->inputReport(REL_MOUSE_ID); // <-- input relmouse REPORTID from report map
bleKeyboardInstance->connectionStatus->inputRELMouse = bleKeyboardInstance->inputRELMouse;
bleKeyboardInstance->outputKeyboard->setCallbacks(new KeyboardOutputCallbacks());
bleKeyboardInstance->hid->manufacturer()->setValue(bleKeyboardInstance->deviceManufacturer.c_str());
bleKeyboardInstance->hid->pnp(0x02, 0xe502, 0xa111, 0x0210);
bleKeyboardInstance->hid->hidInfo(0x00,0x01);
BLESecurity *pSecurity = new BLESecurity();
pSecurity->setAuthenticationMode(ESP_LE_AUTH_BOND);
bleKeyboardInstance->hid->reportMap((uint8_t*)_hidReportDescriptor, sizeof(_hidReportDescriptor));
bleKeyboardInstance->hid->startServices();
BLEService* pService = pServer->createService("4fafc201-1fb5-459e-8fcc-c5c9c331914b");
BLECharacteristic* pCharacteristic = pService->createCharacteristic(
"beb5483e-36e1-4688-b7f5-ea07361b26a8",
BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ |
BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE
);
pCharacteristic->setCallbacks(globalCallbacks);
pService->start();
BLEAdvertising *pAdvertising = pServer->getAdvertising();
pAdvertising->setAppearance(HID_KEYBOARD);
pAdvertising->addServiceUUID(bleKeyboardInstance->hid->hidService()->getUUID());
pAdvertising->addServiceUUID(pService->getUUID());
pAdvertising->setScanResponse(true);
pAdvertising->setMinPreferred(0x06);
pAdvertising->start();
bleKeyboardInstance->hid->setBatteryLevel(bleKeyboardInstance->batteryLevel);
ESP_LOGD(LOG_TAG, "Advertising started!");
vTaskDelay(portMAX_DELAY);
}
void BleComboKeyboard::sendReport(KeyReport* keys)
{
if (this->isConnected())
{
this->inputKeyboard->setValue((uint8_t*)keys, sizeof(KeyReport));
this->inputKeyboard->notify();
}
}
void BleComboKeyboard::sendReport(MediaKeyReport* keys)
{
if (this->isConnected())
{
this->inputMediaKeys->setValue((uint8_t*)keys, sizeof(MediaKeyReport));
this->inputMediaKeys->notify();
}
}
extern
const uint8_t _asciimap[128] PROGMEM;
#define SHIFT 0x80
const uint8_t _asciimap[128] =
{
0x00, // NUL
0x00, // SOH
0x00, // STX
0x00, // ETX
0x00, // EOT
0x00, // ENQ
0x00, // ACK
0x00, // BEL
0x2a, // BS Backspace
0x2b, // TAB Tab
0x28, // LF Enter
0x00, // VT
0x00, // FF
0x00, // CR
0x00, // SO
0x00, // SI
0x00, // DEL
0x00, // DC1
0x00, // DC2
0x00, // DC3
0x00, // DC4
0x00, // NAK
0x00, // SYN
0x00, // ETB
0x00, // CAN
0x00, // EM
0x00, // SUB
0x00, // ESC
0x00, // FS
0x00, // GS
0x00, // RS
0x00, // US
0x2c, // ' '
0x1e|SHIFT, // !
0x34|SHIFT, // "
0x20|SHIFT, // #
0x21|SHIFT, // $
0x22|SHIFT, // %
0x24|SHIFT, // &
0x34, // '
0x26|SHIFT, // (
0x27|SHIFT, // )
0x25|SHIFT, // *
0x2e|SHIFT, // +
0x36, // ,
0x2d, // -
0x37, // .
0x38, // /
0x27, // 0
0x1e, // 1
0x1f, // 2
0x20, // 3
0x21, // 4
0x22, // 5
0x23, // 6
0x24, // 7
0x25, // 8
0x26, // 9
0x33|SHIFT, // :
0x33, // ;
0x36|SHIFT, // <
0x2e, // =
0x37|SHIFT, // >
0x38|SHIFT, // ?
0x1f|SHIFT, // @
0x04|SHIFT, // A
0x05|SHIFT, // B
0x06|SHIFT, // C
0x07|SHIFT, // D
0x08|SHIFT, // E
0x09|SHIFT, // F
0x0a|SHIFT, // G
0x0b|SHIFT, // H
0x0c|SHIFT, // I
0x0d|SHIFT, // J
0x0e|SHIFT, // K
0x0f|SHIFT, // L
0x10|SHIFT, // M
0x11|SHIFT, // N
0x12|SHIFT, // O
0x13|SHIFT, // P
0x14|SHIFT, // Q
0x15|SHIFT, // R
0x16|SHIFT, // S
0x17|SHIFT, // T
0x18|SHIFT, // U
0x19|SHIFT, // V
0x1a|SHIFT, // W
0x1b|SHIFT, // X
0x1c|SHIFT, // Y
0x1d|SHIFT, // Z
0x2f, // [
0x31, // bslash
0x30, // ]
0x23|SHIFT, // ^
0x2d|SHIFT, // _
0x35, // `
0x04, // a
0x05, // b
0x06, // c
0x07, // d
0x08, // e
0x09, // f
0x0a, // g
0x0b, // h
0x0c, // i
0x0d, // j
0x0e, // k
0x0f, // l
0x10, // m
0x11, // n
0x12, // o
0x13, // p
0x14, // q
0x15, // r
0x16, // s
0x17, // t
0x18, // u
0x19, // v
0x1a, // w
0x1b, // x
0x1c, // y
0x1d, // z
0x2f|SHIFT, // {
0x31|SHIFT, // |
0x30|SHIFT, // }
0x35|SHIFT, // ~
0 // DEL
};
uint8_t USBPutChar(uint8_t c);
// press() adds the specified key (printing, non-printing, or modifier)
// to the persistent key report and sends the report. Because of the way
// USB HID works, the host acts like the key remains pressed until we
// call release(), releaseAll(), or otherwise clear the report and resend.
size_t BleComboKeyboard::press(uint8_t k)
{
uint8_t i;
if (k >= 136) { // it's a non-printing key (not a modifier)
k = k - 136;
} else if (k >= 128) { // it's a modifier key
_keyReport.modifiers |= (1<<(k-128));
k = 0;
} else { // it's a printing key
k = pgm_read_byte(_asciimap + k);
if (!k) {
setWriteError();
return 0;
}
if (k & 0x80) { // it's a capital letter or other character reached with shift
_keyReport.modifiers |= 0x02; // the left shift modifier
k &= 0x7F;
}
}
// Add k to the key report only if it's not already present
// and if there is an empty slot.
if (_keyReport.keys[0] != k && _keyReport.keys[1] != k &&
_keyReport.keys[2] != k && _keyReport.keys[3] != k &&
_keyReport.keys[4] != k && _keyReport.keys[5] != k) {
for (i=0; i<6; i++) {
if (_keyReport.keys[i] == 0x00) {
_keyReport.keys[i] = k;
break;
}
}
if (i == 6) {
setWriteError();
return 0;
}
}
sendReport(&_keyReport);
return 1;
}
size_t BleComboKeyboard::press(const MediaKeyReport k)
{
uint16_t k_16 = k[1] | (k[0] << 8);
uint16_t mediaKeyReport_16 = _mediaKeyReport[1] | (_mediaKeyReport[0] << 8);
mediaKeyReport_16 |= k_16;
_mediaKeyReport[0] = (uint8_t)((mediaKeyReport_16 & 0xFF00) >> 8);
_mediaKeyReport[1] = (uint8_t)(mediaKeyReport_16 & 0x00FF);
sendReport(&_mediaKeyReport);
return 1;
}
// release() takes the specified key out of the persistent key report and
// sends the report. This tells the OS the key is no longer pressed and that
// it shouldn't be repeated any more.
size_t BleComboKeyboard::release(uint8_t k)
{
uint8_t i;
if (k >= 136) { // it's a non-printing key (not a modifier)
k = k - 136;
} else if (k >= 128) { // it's a modifier key
_keyReport.modifiers &= ~(1<<(k-128));
k = 0;
} else { // it's a printing key
k = pgm_read_byte(_asciimap + k);
if (!k) {
return 0;
}
if (k & 0x80) { // it's a capital letter or other character reached with shift
_keyReport.modifiers &= ~(0x02); // the left shift modifier
k &= 0x7F;
}
}
// Test the key report to see if k is present. Clear it if it exists.
// Check all positions in case the key is present more than once (which it shouldn't be)
for (i=0; i<6; i++) {
if (0 != k && _keyReport.keys[i] == k) {
_keyReport.keys[i] = 0x00;
}
}
sendReport(&_keyReport);
return 1;
}
size_t BleComboKeyboard::release(const MediaKeyReport k)
{
uint16_t k_16 = k[1] | (k[0] << 8);
uint16_t mediaKeyReport_16 = _mediaKeyReport[1] | (_mediaKeyReport[0] << 8);
mediaKeyReport_16 &= ~k_16;
_mediaKeyReport[0] = (uint8_t)((mediaKeyReport_16 & 0xFF00) >> 8);
_mediaKeyReport[1] = (uint8_t)(mediaKeyReport_16 & 0x00FF);
sendReport(&_mediaKeyReport);
return 1;
}
void BleComboKeyboard::releaseAll(void)
{
_keyReport.keys[0] = 0;
_keyReport.keys[1] = 0;
_keyReport.keys[2] = 0;
_keyReport.keys[3] = 0;
_keyReport.keys[4] = 0;
_keyReport.keys[5] = 0;
_keyReport.modifiers = 0;
_mediaKeyReport[0] = 0;
_mediaKeyReport[1] = 0;
sendReport(&_keyReport);
}
size_t BleComboKeyboard::write(uint8_t c)
{
uint8_t p = press(c); // Keydown
release(c); // Keyup
return p; // just return the result of press() since release() almost always returns 1
}
size_t BleComboKeyboard::write(const MediaKeyReport c)
{
uint16_t p = press(c); // Keydown
release(c); // Keyup
return p; // just return the result of press() since release() almost always returns 1
}
size_t BleComboKeyboard::write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
size_t n = 0;
while (size--) {
if (*buffer != '\r') {
if (write(*buffer)) {
n++;
} else {
break;
}
}
buffer++;
}
return n;
}