pdlua.c

/* This is a version hacked by Martin Peach 20110120 martin.peach@sympatico.ca */
/* Reformmatted the code and added some debug messages. Changed the name of the class to pdlua */
/** @file lua.c 
 *  @brief pdlua -- a Lua embedding for Pd.
 *  @author Claude Heiland-Allen <claude@mathr.co.uk>
 *  @date 2008
 *  @version 0.6~svn
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2007,2008 Claude Heiland-Allen <claude@mathr.co.uk>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 *
 */ 

/* various C stuff, mainly for reading files */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <sys/types.h> // for open
#include <sys/stat.h> // for open
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    #include <io.h>
    #include <fcntl.h> // for open
    #ifndef PATH_MAX
        #define PATH_MAX 1024 /* same with Mac OS X's syslimits.h */
    #endif
    #define read _read
    #define close _close
    #define ssize_t int
    #define snprintf _snprintf
#else
    #include <sys/fcntl.h> // for open
    #include <unistd.h>
#endif
/* we use Lua */
#include <lua.h>
#include <lauxlib.h>
#include <lualib.h>

#include "pdlua.h"

#include "s_stuff.h" // for sys_register_loader()
#include "m_imp.h" // for struct _class
#include "g_canvas.h"
/* BAD: support for Pd < 0.41 */

#include "pdlua_gfx.h"

typedef void (*t_signal_setmultiout)(t_signal **, int); 
static t_signal_setmultiout g_signal_setmultiout;

// This used to be in s_stuff.h, but not anymore since 0.55.1test1.
int sys_trytoopenone(const char *dir, const char *name, const char* ext,
    char *dirresult, char **nameresult, unsigned int size, int bin);

// Check for absolute filenames in the second argument. Otherwise,
// sys_trytoopenone will happily prepend the given path anyway.
#define trytoopenone(dir, name, ...) sys_trytoopenone(sys_isabsolutepath(name) ? "" : dir, name, __VA_ARGS__)

#ifdef PDINSTANCE

typedef struct _lua_Instance {
    void* pd_instance;
    lua_State* state;
    struct _lua_Instance* next;
} lua_Instance;

lua_Instance* lua_threads = NULL;

lua_State* __L()
{
    lua_Instance* iter = lua_threads;
    while(iter)
    {
        if(iter->pd_instance == pd_this)
        {
            return iter->state;
        }
        iter = iter->next;
    }

    return NULL; // should never happen
}

void initialise_lua_state()
{
    if(!lua_threads)
    {
        lua_threads = t_getbytes(sizeof(lua_Instance));
        lua_threads->pd_instance = pd_this;
        lua_threads->state = luaL_newstate();
        lua_threads->next = NULL;
        return;
    }
    
    lua_Instance* iter = lua_threads;
    while(iter->next)
    {
        iter = iter->next;
    }
    
    iter->next = t_getbytes(sizeof(lua_Instance));
    iter->next->pd_instance = pd_this;
    iter->next->state = lua_newthread(lua_threads->state);
    iter->next->next = NULL;
}

#else

static lua_State* __lua_state = NULL;

lua_State* __L()
{
    return __lua_state;
}

void initialise_lua_state()
{
    if (!__lua_state) {
        __lua_state = luaL_newstate();
    }
}

#endif


#if PD_MAJOR_VERSION == 0
# if PD_MINOR_VERSION >= 41
#  define PDLUA_PD41
/* use new garray support that is 64-bit safe */
#  define PDLUA_ARRAYGRAB garray_getfloatwords
#  define PDLUA_ARRAYTYPE t_word
#  define PDLUA_ARRAYELEM(arr,idx) ((arr)[(idx)].w_float)
# elif PD_MINOR_VERSION >= 40
#  define PDLUA_PD40
/* use old garray support, not 64-bit safe */
#  define PDLUA_ARRAYGRAB garray_getfloatarray
#  define PDLUA_ARRAYTYPE t_float
#  define PDLUA_ARRAYELEM(arr,idx) ((arr)[(idx)])
# elif PD_MINOR_VERSION >= 39
#  define PDLUA_PD39
/* use old garray support, not 64-bit safe */
#  define PDLUA_ARRAYGRAB garray_getfloatarray
#  define PDLUA_ARRAYTYPE t_float
#  define PDLUA_ARRAYELEM(arr,idx) ((arr)[(idx)])
# else
#  error "Pd version is too old, please upgrade"
# endif
#else
# error "Pd version is too new, please file a bug report"
#endif

#if PD_MINOR_VERSION >= 54
# ifndef PD_MULTICHANNEL
#  define PD_MULTICHANNEL 1
# endif
#else
# pragma message("building without multi-channel support; requires Pd 0.54+")
# undef PD_MULTICHANNEL
# define PD_MULTICHANNEL 0
# define CLASS_MULTICHANNEL 0
#endif

#ifdef UNUSED
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
# define UNUSED(x) UNUSED_ ## x __attribute__((unused))
#elif defined(__LCLINT__)
# define UNUSED(x) /*@unused@*/ x
#else
# define UNUSED(x) x
#endif

/* BAD: end of bad section */

/* If defined, PDLUA_DEBUG lets pdlua post a lot of text */
//#define PDLUA_DEBUG post
#ifndef PDLUA_DEBUG
//static void PDLUA_DEBUG(const char *fmt, ...) {;}
# define PDLUA_DEBUG(x,y)
# define PDLUA_DEBUG2(x,y0,y1)
# define PDLUA_DEBUG3(x,y0,y1,y2)
#else
# define PDLUA_DEBUG2 PDLUA_DEBUG
# define PDLUA_DEBUG3 PDLUA_DEBUG
#endif

// In plugdata we're linked statically and thus c_externdir is empty.
// So we pass a data directory to the setup function instead and store it here.
// ag: Renamed to pdlua_datadir since we also need this in vanilla when
// setting up Lua's package.path.
char pdlua_datadir[MAXPDSTRING];
#if PLUGDATA
    // Hook to inform plugdata which class names are lua objects
    void(*plugdata_register_class)(const char*);
#endif
static char pdlua_cwd[MAXPDSTRING];

/** State for the Lua file reader. */
typedef struct pdlua_readerdata
{
    int         fd; /**< File descriptor to read from. */
    char        buffer[MAXPDSTRING]; /**< Buffer to read into. */
} t_pdlua_readerdata;

/** Proxy inlet object data. */
typedef struct pdlua_proxyinlet
{
    t_pd            pd; /**< Minimal Pd object. */
    struct pdlua    *owner; /**< The owning object to forward inlet messages to. */
    unsigned int    id; /**< The number of this inlet. */
} t_pdlua_proxyinlet;

/** Proxy receive object data. */
typedef struct pdlua_proxyreceive
{
    t_pd            pd; /**< Minimal Pd object. */
    struct pdlua    *owner; /**< The owning object to forward received messages to. */
    t_symbol        *name; /**< The receive-symbol to bind to. */
} t_pdlua_proxyreceive;

/** Proxy clock object data. */
typedef struct pdlua_proxyclock
{
    t_pd            pd; /**< Minimal Pd object. */
    struct pdlua    *owner; /**< Object to forward messages to. */
    t_clock         *clock; /** Pd clock to use. */
} t_pdlua_proxyclock;
/* prototypes*/

static const char *pdlua_reader (lua_State *L, void *rr, size_t *size);
/** Proxy inlet 'anything' method. */
static void pdlua_proxyinlet_anything (t_pdlua_proxyinlet *p, t_symbol *s, int argc, t_atom *argv);
/** Proxy inlet initialization. */
static void pdlua_proxyinlet_init (t_pdlua_proxyinlet *p, struct pdlua *owner, unsigned int id);
/** Register the proxy inlet class with Pd. */
static void pdlua_proxyinlet_setup (void);
/** Proxy receive 'anything' method. */
static void pdlua_proxyreceive_anything (t_pdlua_proxyreceive *r, t_symbol *s, int argc, t_atom *argv);
/** Proxy receive allocation and initialization. */
static t_pdlua_proxyreceive *pdlua_proxyreceive_new (struct pdlua *owner, t_symbol *name);
/** Proxy receive cleanup and deallocation. */
static void pdlua_proxyreceive_free (t_pdlua_proxyreceive *r /**< The proxy receive to free. */);
/** Register the proxy receive class with Pd. */
static void pdlua_proxyreceive_setup (void);
/** Proxy clock 'bang' method. */
static void pdlua_proxyclock_bang (t_pdlua_proxyclock *c);
/** Proxy clock allocation and initialization. */
static t_pdlua_proxyclock *pdlua_proxyclock_new (struct pdlua *owner);
/** Register the proxy clock class with Pd. */
static void pdlua_proxyclock_setup (void);
/** Dump an array of atoms into a Lua table. */
static void pdlua_pushatomtable (int argc, t_atom *argv);
/** Pd object constructor. */
static t_pdlua *pdlua_new (t_symbol *s, int argc, t_atom *argv);
/** Pd object destructor. */
static void pdlua_free (t_pdlua *o );
//static void pdlua_stack_dump (lua_State *L);
/** a handler for the open item in the right-click menu (mrpeach 20111025) */
/** Here we find the lua code for the object and open it in an editor */
static void pdlua_menu_open (t_pdlua *o);
/** Lua class registration. This is equivalent to the "setup" method for an ordinary Pd class */
static int pdlua_class_new (lua_State *L);
/** Lua object creation. */
static int pdlua_object_new (lua_State *L);
/** Lua object inlet creation. */
static int pdlua_object_createinlets (lua_State *L);
/** Lua object outlet creation. */
static int pdlua_object_createoutlets (lua_State *L);
/** Lua object receive creation. */
static int pdlua_receive_new (lua_State *L);
/** Lua object receive destruction. */
static int pdlua_receive_free (lua_State *L);
/** Lua object clock creation. */
static int pdlua_clock_new (lua_State *L);
/** Lua proxy clock delay. */
static int pdlua_clock_delay (lua_State *L);
/** Lua proxy clock set. */
static int pdlua_clock_set (lua_State *L);
/** Lua proxy clock unset. */
static int pdlua_clock_unset (lua_State *L);
/** Lua proxy clock destruction. */
static int pdlua_clock_free (lua_State *L);
/** Lua object destruction. */
static int pdlua_object_free (lua_State *L);
/** Dispatch Pd inlet messages to Lua objects. */
static void pdlua_dispatch (t_pdlua *o, unsigned int inlet, t_symbol *s, int argc, t_atom *argv);
/** Dispatch Pd receive messages to Lua objects. */
static void pdlua_receivedispatch (t_pdlua_proxyreceive *r, t_symbol *s, int argc, t_atom *argv);
/** Dispatch Pd clock messages to Lua objects. */
static void pdlua_clockdispatch(t_pdlua_proxyclock *clock);
/** Convert a Lua table into a Pd atom array. */
static t_atom *pdlua_popatomtable (lua_State *L, int *count, t_pdlua *o);
/** Send a message from a Lua object outlet. */
static int pdlua_outlet (lua_State *L);
/** Send a message from a Lua object to a Pd receiver. */
static int pdlua_send (lua_State *L);
/** Set a [value] object's value. */
static int pdlua_setvalue (lua_State *L);
/** Get a [value] object's value. */
static int pdlua_getvalue (lua_State *L);
/** Get a [table] object's array. */
static int pdlua_getarray (lua_State *L);
/** Read from a [table] object's array. */
static int pdlua_readarray (lua_State *L);
/** Write to a [table] object's array. */
static int pdlua_writearray (lua_State *L);
/** Redraw a [table] object's graph. */
static int pdlua_redrawarray (lua_State *L);
/** Post to Pd's console. */
static int pdlua_post (lua_State *L);
/** Report an error from a Lua object to Pd's console. */
static int pdlua_error (lua_State *L);
static void pdlua_setrequirepath (lua_State *L, const char *path);
static void pdlua_clearrequirepath (lua_State *L);
/** Run a Lua script using Pd's path. */
static int pdlua_dofile (lua_State *L);
/** Initialize the pd API for Lua. */
static void pdlua_init (lua_State *L);
/** Pd loader hook for loading and executing Lua scripts. */
static int pdlua_loader_legacy (t_canvas *canvas, char *name);
/** Start the Lua runtime and register our loader hook. */
#ifdef _WIN32
__declspec(dllexport)
#endif 
#ifdef PLUGDATA
void pdlua_setup(const char *datadir, char *versbuf, int versbuf_length, void(*register_class_callback)(const char*));
#else
void pdlua_setup (void);
#endif
/* end prototypes*/

/* globals */
struct pdlua_proxyinlet;
struct pdlua_proxyreceive;
struct pdlua_proxyclock;
/** Proxy inlet class pointer. */
static t_class *pdlua_proxyinlet_class;
/** Proxy receive class pointer. */
static t_class *pdlua_proxyreceive_class;
/** Proxy clock class pointer. */
static t_class *pdlua_proxyclock_class;

/** Lua file reader callback. */
static const char *pdlua_reader
(
    lua_State *UNUSED(L), /**< Lua interpreter state. */
    void *rr, /**< Lua file reader state. */
    size_t *size /**< How much data we have read. */
)
{
    t_pdlua_readerdata  *r = rr;
    ssize_t             s;
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_reader: fd is %d", r->fd);
    s = read(r->fd, r->buffer, MAXPDSTRING-2);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_reader: s is %ld", s);////////
    if (s <= 0)
    {
        *size = 0;
        return NULL;
    }
    else
    {
        *size = s;
        return r->buffer;
    }
}

/** Proxy inlet 'anything' method. */
static void pdlua_proxyinlet_anything
(
    t_pdlua_proxyinlet  *p, /**< The proxy inlet that received the message. */
    t_symbol            *s, /**< The message selector. */
    int                 argc, /**< The message length. */
    t_atom              *argv /**< The atoms in the message. */
)
{
    pdlua_dispatch(p->owner, p->id, s, argc, argv);
}

static void pdlua_proxyinlet_fwd
(
    t_pdlua_proxyinlet  *p, /**< The proxy inlet that received the message. */
    t_symbol            *UNUSED(s), /**< The message selector, which is always "fwd" */
    int                 argc, /**< The message length. */
    t_atom              *argv /**< The atoms in the message. The first atom is the actual selector */
)
{
    if(!argc) return;
    pdlua_dispatch(p->owner, p->id, atom_getsymbol(argv), argc-1, argv+1);
}

/** Proxy inlet initialization. */
static void pdlua_proxyinlet_init
(
    t_pdlua_proxyinlet  *p, /**< The proxy inlet to initialize. */
    struct pdlua        *owner, /**< The owning object. */
    unsigned int        id /**< The inlet number. */
)
{
    p->pd = pdlua_proxyinlet_class;
    p->owner = owner;
    p->id = id;
}

/** Register the proxy inlet class with Pd. */
static void pdlua_proxyinlet_setup(void)
{
    pdlua_proxyinlet_class = class_new(gensym("pdlua proxy inlet"), 0, 0, sizeof(t_pdlua_proxyinlet), 0, 0);
    if (pdlua_proxyinlet_class) {
        class_addanything(pdlua_proxyinlet_class, pdlua_proxyinlet_anything);
        class_addmethod(pdlua_proxyinlet_class, (t_method)pdlua_proxyinlet_fwd, gensym("fwd"), A_GIMME, 0);
    }
}

/** Proxy receive 'anything' method. */
static void pdlua_proxyreceive_anything(
    t_pdlua_proxyreceive    *r, /**< The proxy receive that received the message. */
    t_symbol                *s, /**< The message selector. */
    int                     argc, /**< The message length. */
    t_atom                  *argv /**< The atoms in the message. */
)
{
    pdlua_receivedispatch(r, s, argc, argv);
}

/** Proxy receive allocation and initialization. */
static t_pdlua_proxyreceive *pdlua_proxyreceive_new
(
    struct pdlua    *owner, /**< The owning object. */
    t_symbol        *name /**< The symbol to bind to. */
)
{
    t_pdlua_proxyreceive *r = malloc(sizeof(t_pdlua_proxyreceive));
    r->pd = pdlua_proxyreceive_class;
    r->owner = owner;
    r->name = name;
    pd_bind(&r->pd, r->name);
    return r;
}

/** Proxy receive cleanup and deallocation. */
static void pdlua_proxyreceive_free(t_pdlua_proxyreceive *r /**< The proxy receive to free. */)
{
    pd_unbind(&r->pd, r->name);
    r->pd = NULL;
    r->owner = NULL;
    r->name = NULL;
    free(r);
}

/** Register the proxy receive class with Pd. */
static void pdlua_proxyreceive_setup()
{
    pdlua_proxyreceive_class = class_new(gensym("pdlua proxy receive"), 0, 0, sizeof(t_pdlua_proxyreceive), 0, 0);
    if (pdlua_proxyreceive_class)
        class_addanything(pdlua_proxyreceive_class, pdlua_proxyreceive_anything);
}

/** Proxy clock 'bang' method. */
static void pdlua_proxyclock_bang(t_pdlua_proxyclock *c /**< The proxy clock that received the message. */)
{
    pdlua_clockdispatch(c);
}

/** Proxy clock allocation and initialization. */
static t_pdlua_proxyclock *pdlua_proxyclock_new
(
    struct pdlua *owner /**< The object to forward messages to. */
)
{
    t_pdlua_proxyclock *c = malloc(sizeof(t_pdlua_proxyclock));
    c->pd = pdlua_proxyclock_class;
    c->owner = owner;
    c->clock = clock_new(c, (t_method) pdlua_proxyclock_bang);
    return c;
}

/** Register the proxy clock class with Pd. */
static void pdlua_proxyclock_setup(void)
{
    pdlua_proxyclock_class = class_new(gensym("pdlua proxy clock"), 0, 0, sizeof(t_pdlua_proxyclock), 0, 0);
}

/** Dump an array of atoms into a Lua table. */
static void pdlua_pushatomtable
(
    int     argc, /**< The number of atoms in the array. */
    t_atom  *argv /**< The array of atoms. */
)
{
    int i;

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_pushatomtable: stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    lua_newtable(__L());
    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
    {
        lua_pushnumber(__L(), i+1);
        switch (argv[i].a_type)
        {
            case A_FLOAT:
                lua_pushnumber(__L(), argv[i].a_w.w_float);
                break;
            case A_SYMBOL:
                lua_pushstring(__L(), argv[i].a_w.w_symbol->s_name);
                break;
            case A_POINTER: /* FIXME: check experimentality */
                lua_pushlightuserdata(__L(), argv[i].a_w.w_gpointer);
            break;
            default:
                pd_error(NULL, "lua: zomg weasels!");
                lua_pushnil(__L());
            break;
        }
        lua_settable(__L(), -3);
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_pushatomtable: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
}

static const char *basename(const char *name)
{
  /* strip dir from name : */
  const char *basenamep = strrchr(name, '/');
#ifdef _WIN32
  if (!basenamep)
    basenamep = strrchr(name, '\\');
#endif
  if (!basenamep)
    basenamep = name;
  else basenamep++;   /* strip last '/' */
  return basenamep;
}

// ag 20240907: Improved Lua error reporting. Go to some lengths to get
// prettier error messages than what the Lua runtime system provides.

// This lets us report source locations in case there's no real Lua error,
// but we still want a well-formatted custom error message.
static char *src_info(lua_State *L, char *msg)
{
    // fill in some Lua source location information
    lua_Debug ar;
    // locate the Lua stack frame with our function; we're looking for a Lua
    // source which is *not* pd.lua
    for (int i = 1; i < 10 && lua_getstack(L, i, &ar) && lua_getinfo(L, "S", &ar); ++i) {
        const char *src = ar.source;
        // cf. "The Debug Interface" in the Lua reference manual
        if (*src == '@') src = basename(src+1);
        if (strcmp(ar.what, "Lua") == 0 && strcmp(src, "pd.lua") != 0) {
            snprintf(msg, MAXPDSTRING-1, "%s: %d", src, ar.linedefined);
            return msg;
        }
    }
    // fall back to just a bland 'lua' if we couldn't find any information
    strcpy(msg, "lua");
    return msg;
}

// Drop-in replacement for lua_error() which outputs directly to the Pd
// console (instead of taking the detour via stderr), and also fixes up the
// error message itself; in particular, it replaces the [string "filename"]
// source designations with something nice.
static void mylua_error (lua_State *L, t_pdlua *o, const char *descr)
// o may indicate the object which is the source of the error, if available,
// otherwise it must be NULL; descr, if not NULL, is to be added to the message
{
    const char *err = lua_isstring(L, -1) ? lua_tostring(L, -1) : "unknown error";
    // some sscanf magic to extract the real source name
    char s[MAXPDSTRING]; int i;
    if (sscanf(err, "[string \"%[^\"]\"]:%n", s, &i) <= 0) strcpy(s, "");
    // send the message directly to the Pd console
    if (descr) {
        if (*s)
            pd_error(o, "lua: %s: %s: %s", descr, s, err+i);
        else
            pd_error(o, "lua: %s: %s", descr, err);
    } else {
        if (*s)
            pd_error(o, "lua: %s: %s", s, err+i);
        else
            pd_error(o, "lua: %s", err);
    }
    // we've handled the error, pop the error string
    lua_pop(L, 1);
}

/** Pd object constructor. */
static t_pdlua *pdlua_new
(
    t_symbol    *s, /**< The construction message selector. */
    int         argc, /**< The construction message atom count. */
    t_atom      *argv /**< The construction message atoms. */
)
{
    int i;
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_new: s->s_name is %s", s->s_name);
    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
    {
        switch (argv[i].a_type)
        {
        case A_FLOAT:
            PDLUA_DEBUG2("argv[%d]: %f", i, argv[i].a_w.w_float);
            break;
        case A_SYMBOL:
            PDLUA_DEBUG2("argv[%d]: %s", i, argv[i].a_w.w_symbol->s_name);
            break;
        default:
            pd_error(NULL, "pdlua_new: bad argument type"); // should never happen
            return NULL;
        }
    }
        
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_new: start with stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    lua_getglobal(__L(), "pd");
    lua_getfield(__L(), -1, "_checkbase");
    lua_pushstring(__L(), s->s_name);
    lua_pcall(__L(), 1, 1, 0);
    int needs_base = lua_toboolean(__L(), -1);
    lua_pop(__L(), 1); /* pop boolean */
    /* have to load the .pd_lua file for basename if another class is owning it */
    if(needs_base) {
        char                buf[MAXPDSTRING];
        char                *ptr;
        t_pdlua_readerdata  reader;
        t_canvas* current = canvas_getcurrent();
        int fd = canvas_open(current, s->s_name, ".pd_lua", buf, &ptr, MAXPDSTRING, 1);
        if (fd >= 0)
        {
            PDLUA_DEBUG("basename open: stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
            /* save old loadname, restore later in case of
             * nested loading */ 
            int n, load_name_save, load_path_save;
            lua_getfield(__L(), -1, "_loadname");
            load_name_save = luaL_ref(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
            lua_pushnil(__L());
            lua_setfield(__L(), -2, "_loadname");
            lua_getfield(__L(), -1, "_loadpath");
            load_path_save = luaL_ref(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
            lua_pushstring(__L(), buf);
            lua_setfield(__L(), -2, "_loadpath");

            PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_new (basename load) path is %s", buf);
            //pdlua_setpathname(o, buf);/* change the scriptname to include its path 
            pdlua_setrequirepath(__L(), buf);
            class_set_extern_dir(gensym(buf));
            strncpy(buf, s->s_name, MAXPDSTRING - 8);
            strcat(buf, ".pd_lua");
            reader.fd = fd;
            n = lua_gettop(__L());
#if LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
            if (lua_load(__L(), pdlua_reader, &reader, buf))
#else // 5.2 style
            if (lua_load(__L(), pdlua_reader, &reader, buf, NULL))
#endif // LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
            {
                close(fd);
                pdlua_clearrequirepath(__L());
                mylua_error(__L(), NULL, NULL);
            }
            else
            {
                if (lua_pcall(__L(), 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
                {
                    mylua_error(__L(), NULL, NULL);
                    close(fd);
                    pdlua_clearrequirepath(__L());
                }
                else
                {
                    /* succeeded */
                    close(fd);
                    pdlua_clearrequirepath(__L());
                }
            }
            class_set_extern_dir(&s_);
            lua_settop(__L(), n); /* discard results of load */
            lua_rawgeti(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, load_path_save);
            lua_setfield(__L(), -2, "_loadpath");
            luaL_unref(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, load_path_save);
            lua_rawgeti(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, load_name_save);
            lua_setfield(__L(), -2, "_loadname");
            luaL_unref(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, load_name_save);
        }
        else pd_error(NULL, "lua: constructor: couldn't locate `%s'", buf);
    }
    
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_new: after load script. stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    lua_getfield(__L(), -1, "_constructor");
    lua_pushstring(__L(), s->s_name);
    pdlua_pushatomtable(argc, argv);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_new: before lua_pcall(L, 2, 1, 0) stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    if (lua_pcall(__L(), 2, 1, 0))
    {
        mylua_error(__L(), NULL, "constructor");
        lua_pop(__L(), 1); /* pop the global "pd" */
        return NULL;
    }
    else
    {
        t_pdlua *object = NULL;
        PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_new: done lua_pcall(L, 2, 1, 0) stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
        if (lua_islightuserdata(__L(), -1))
        {
            object = lua_touserdata(__L(), -1);
            lua_pop(__L(), 2);/* pop the userdata and the global "pd" */
            PDLUA_DEBUG2("pdlua_new: before returning object %p stack top %d", object, lua_gettop(__L()));
             return object;
        }
        else
        {
            lua_pop(__L(), 2);/* pop the userdata and the global "pd" */
            PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_new: done FALSE lua_islightuserdata(L, -1)", 0);
            return NULL;
        }
    }
}

/** Pd object destructor. */
static void pdlua_free( t_pdlua *o /**< The object to destruct. */)
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_free: stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    lua_getglobal(__L(), "pd");
    lua_getfield (__L(), -1, "_destructor");
    lua_pushlightuserdata(__L(), o);
    if (lua_pcall(__L(), 1, 0, 0))
    {
        mylua_error(__L(), NULL, "destructor");
    }
    lua_pop(__L(), 1); /* pop the global "pd" */
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_free: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    
    // Collect garbage
    // If we don't do this here, it could potentially leak if no other pdlua objects are used afterwards
    lua_gc(__L(), LUA_GCCOLLECT);
    
    return;
}

void pdlua_vis(t_gobj *z, t_glist *glist, int vis){
    
    t_pdlua* x = (t_pdlua *)z;
    // If there's no gui, use default text vis behavior
    if(!x->has_gui)
    {
        text_widgetbehavior.w_visfn(z, glist, vis);
        return;
    }

    // Otherwise, repaint or clear the custom graphics
    if(vis)
    {
        pdlua_gfx_repaint(x, 1);
    }
    else {
        pdlua_gfx_clear(x, -1, 1);
    }
}

static void pdlua_delete(t_gobj *z, t_glist *glist){
    if(!((t_pdlua *)z)->has_gui)
    {
        text_widgetbehavior.w_deletefn(z, glist);
        return;
    }
    if(glist_isvisible(glist) && gobj_shouldvis(z, glist)) {
        pdlua_vis(z, glist, 0);
    }
    
    canvas_deletelinesfor(glist, (t_text *)z);
}

#ifdef PURR_DATA // Purr Data uses an older version of this API
static void pdlua_motion(t_gobj *z, t_floatarg dx, t_floatarg dy)
#else
static void pdlua_motion(t_gobj *z, t_floatarg dx, t_floatarg dy,
    t_floatarg up)
#endif
{
#if !PLUGDATA
#ifndef PURR_DATA
    if (!up)
#endif
    {
        t_pdlua *x = (t_pdlua *)z;
        x->gfx.mouse_drag_x = x->gfx.mouse_drag_x + dx;
        x->gfx.mouse_drag_y = x->gfx.mouse_drag_y + dy;
        int zoom = glist_getzoom(glist_getcanvas(x->canvas));
        int xpos = (x->gfx.mouse_drag_x - text_xpix(&x->pd, x->canvas)) / zoom;
        int ypos = (x->gfx.mouse_drag_y - text_ypix(&x->pd, x->canvas)) / zoom;
        pdlua_gfx_mouse_drag(x, xpos, ypos);
    }
#endif
}

static int pdlua_click(t_gobj *z, t_glist *gl, int xpos, int ypos, int shift, int alt, int dbl, int doit){
    t_pdlua *x = (t_pdlua *)z;
#if !PLUGDATA
    if(x->has_gui)
    {
        int zoom = glist_getzoom(gl);
        int xpix = (xpos - text_xpix(&x->pd, gl)) / zoom; 
        int ypix = (ypos - text_ypix(&x->pd, gl)) / zoom;
                
        if(doit){
            if(!x->gfx.mouse_down)
            {
                pdlua_gfx_mouse_down(x, xpix, ypix);
                x->gfx.mouse_drag_x = xpos;
                x->gfx.mouse_drag_y = ypos;
            }
            
            glist_grab(x->canvas, &x->pd.te_g, (t_glistmotionfn)pdlua_motion, NULL, xpos, ypos);
        }
        else {
            pdlua_gfx_mouse_move(x, xpix, ypix);
            
            if(x->gfx.mouse_down)
            {
                pdlua_gfx_mouse_up(x, xpix, ypix);
            }
        }
        
        x->gfx.mouse_down = doit;
        return 1;
    } else
#endif
    return text_widgetbehavior.w_clickfn(z, gl, xpos, ypos, shift, alt, dbl, doit);
}


static void pdlua_displace(t_gobj *z, t_glist *glist, int dx, int dy){
    t_pdlua *x = (t_pdlua *)z;
    

    if(x->has_gui)
    {
       x->pd.te_xpix += dx, x->pd.te_ypix += dy;
       dx *= glist_getzoom(glist), dy *= glist_getzoom(glist);
#if !PLUGDATA
        gfx_displace((t_pdlua*)z, glist, dx, dy);
#endif
    }
    else {
        text_widgetbehavior.w_displacefn(z, glist, dx, dy);
    }

    
    canvas_fixlinesfor(glist, (t_text*)x);
}

#ifdef PURR_DATA
static void pdlua_displace_wtag(t_gobj *z, t_glist *glist, int dx, int dy){
    t_pdlua *x = (t_pdlua *)z;

    if(x->has_gui)
    {
       x->pd.te_xpix += dx, x->pd.te_ypix += dy;
       //gfx_displace((t_pdlua*)z, glist, dx, dy);
    }
    else {
        text_widgetbehavior.w_displacefnwtag(z, glist, dx, dy);
    }


    canvas_fixlinesfor(glist, (t_text*)x);
}

static void pdlua_select(t_gobj *z, t_glist *glist, int state)
{
    t_pdlua *x = (t_pdlua *)z;
    t_pdlua_gfx *gfx = &x->gfx;
    t_canvas *cnv = glist_getcanvas(glist);

    if(x->has_gui) {
        if (gobj_shouldvis(&x->pd.te_g, glist)) {
            if (state) {
                gui_vmess("gui_gobj_select", "xs", cnv, gfx->object_tag);
            } else {
                gui_vmess("gui_gobj_deselect", "xs", cnv, gfx->object_tag);
            }
        }
    } else {
        text_widgetbehavior.w_selectfn(z, glist, state);
    }
}
#endif

static void pdlua_activate(t_gobj *z, t_glist *glist, int state)
{
    if(!((t_pdlua *)z)->has_gui)
    {
        // Bypass to text widgetbehaviour if we're not a GUI
        text_widgetbehavior.w_activatefn(z, glist, state);
    }
}

static void pdlua_getrect(t_gobj *z, t_glist *glist, int *xp1, int *yp1, int *xp2, int *yp2)
{
    t_pdlua *x = (t_pdlua *)z;
    if(x->has_gui) {
#ifndef PURR_DATA
        int zoom = glist->gl_zoom;
#else
        int zoom = 1;
#endif
        float x1 = text_xpix((t_text *)x, glist), y1 = text_ypix((t_text *)x, glist);
        *xp1 = x1;
        *yp1 = y1;
        *xp2 = x1 + x->gfx.width * zoom;
        *yp2 = y1 + x->gfx.height * zoom;
    }
    else {
        // Bypass to text widgetbehaviour if we're not a GUI
        text_widgetbehavior.w_getrectfn(z, glist, xp1, yp1, xp2, yp2);
    }
}

#if 0
static void pdlua_stack_dump (lua_State *L)
{
    int i;
    int top = lua_gettop(L);

    for (i = 1; i <= top; i++)
    {  /* repeat for each level */
        int t = lua_type(L, i);
        switch (t)
        {
            case LUA_TSTRING:  /* strings */
                printf("`%s'", lua_tostring(L, i));
                break;

            case LUA_TBOOLEAN:  /* booleans */
                printf(lua_toboolean(L, i) ? "true" : "false");
                break;

            case LUA_TNUMBER:  /* numbers */
                printf("%g", lua_tonumber(L, i));
                break;

            default:  /* other values */
                printf("%s", lua_typename(L, t));
                break;
        }
        printf("  ");  /* put a separator */
    }
    printf("\n");  /* end the listing */
}
#endif

#ifdef WIN32
#define realpath(N,R) _fullpath((R),(N),PATH_MAX)
#endif

/* nw.js support. If this is non-NULL then we're running inside Jonathan
   Wilkes' Pd-L2Ork variant and access to the GUI uses JavaScript. */
static void (*nw_gui_vmess)(const char *sel, char *fmt, ...) = NULL;

/* plugdata support. Similarly, if we're running inside plugdata, we can send GUI messages with plugdata_forward_message
 This allows opening an in-gui text editor instead of opening another app
 */
#if PLUGDATA
void plugdata_forward_message(void* x, t_symbol *s, int argc, t_atom *argv);
#endif
/** a handler for the open item in the right-click menu (mrpeach 20111025) */
/** Here we find the lua code for the object and open it in an editor */
static void pdlua_menu_open(t_pdlua *o)
{
    const char  *name;
    const char  *path;
    char        pathname[FILENAME_MAX];
    t_class     *class;

    /* 20240903 ag: This is surpringly complicated, because there are various
       cases to consider. First, whoami gives us the script name, and
       externdir its path. In rare cases the path may be relative to
       pdlua_cwd, we account for that here. In most cases this will give us
       the absolute pathname of the script. The only exception is pdluax,
       where the name already includes the full path, so we just use that. */
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_menu_open stack top is %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    /** Get the scriptname of the object */
    lua_getglobal(__L(), "pd");
    lua_getfield(__L(), -1, "_whoami");
    lua_pushlightuserdata(__L(), o);
    if (lua_pcall(__L(), 1, 1, 0))
    {
        mylua_error(__L(), NULL, "whoami");
        lua_pop(__L(), 1); /* pop the global "pd" */
        return;
    }
    name = luaL_checkstring(__L(), -1);
    PDLUA_DEBUG3("pdlua_menu_open: L is %p, name is %s stack top is %d", __L(), name, lua_gettop(__L()));
    if (name && *name) // `pdluax` without argument gives empty script name
    {
        class = o->pdlua_class;
        if (!class) {
            lua_pop(__L(), 2); /* pop name, global "pd"*/
            return;
        }
#if PLUGDATA
        if (!*class->c_externdir->s_name)
            path = pdlua_datadir;
        else
#endif
        path = class->c_externdir->s_name;
        if (sys_isabsolutepath(name)) {
            // pdluax returns an absolute path for its script, just use that.
            snprintf(pathname, FILENAME_MAX-1, "%s", name);
        } else if (sys_isabsolutepath(path)) {
            // If the externdir is an absolute path, just use it, no questions
            // asked. This should cover most cases.
            snprintf(pathname, FILENAME_MAX-1, "%s/%s", path, name);
        } else {
            // Normally, the externdir of an object should be absolute, but if
            // it isn't, it should be relative to the cwd we recorded at
            // startup time.
            char buf[PATH_MAX+1], real_path[PATH_MAX+1], *s = buf;
            if (*path)
                snprintf(s, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s/%s", pdlua_cwd, path, name);
            else
                snprintf(s, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", pdlua_cwd, name);
            // canonicalize
            if (realpath(s, real_path)) s = real_path;
            snprintf(pathname, FILENAME_MAX-1, "%s", s);
        }
        //post("path = %s, name = %s, pathname = %s", path, name, pathname);
        lua_pop(__L(), 2); /* pop name, global "pd"*/
        
#if PD_MAJOR_VERSION==0 && PD_MINOR_VERSION<43
        post("Opening %s for editing", pathname);
#else
        logpost(NULL, 3, "Opening %s for editing", pathname);
#endif
#if PLUGDATA
        t_atom arg;
        SETSYMBOL(&arg, gensym(pathname));
        plugdata_forward_message(o, gensym("open_textfile"), 1, &arg);
#else
        if (nw_gui_vmess)
          nw_gui_vmess("open_textfile", "s", pathname);
        else
          sys_vgui("::pd_menucommands::menu_openfile {%s}\n", pathname);
#endif
    } else {
        lua_pop(__L(), 2); /* pop name, global "pd"*/
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_menu_open end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
}

static t_int *pdlua_perform(t_int *w){
    t_pdlua *o = (t_pdlua *)(w[1]);
    int nblock = o->blocksize;
    
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_perform: stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    lua_getglobal(__L(), "pd");
    lua_getfield (__L(), -1, "_perform_dsp");
    lua_pushlightuserdata(__L(), o);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < o->siginlets; i++)
    {
        lua_newtable(__L());
        t_signal *sig = (t_signal *)(w[2 + i]);
        t_float *in = sig->s_vec;
#if PD_MULTICHANNEL
        int nchans = sig->s_nchans ? sig->s_nchans : 1;
#else
        int nchans = 1;
#endif
        int s_n_allchans = nblock * nchans; // sum of all inlet samples
        for (int j = 0; j < s_n_allchans; j++)
        {
            lua_pushinteger(__L(), j + 1);
            lua_pushnumber(__L(), in[j]);
            lua_settable(__L(), -3);
        }
    }
    
    if (lua_pcall(__L(), 1 + o->siginlets, o->sigoutlets, 0))
    {
        mylua_error(__L(), o, "perform");
        lua_pop(__L(), 1); /* pop the global pd */
        return w + o->siginlets + o->sigoutlets + 2;
    }
    
    if (!lua_istable(__L(), -1))
    {
        const char *s = "lua: perform: function should return";
        if (o->sigoutlets == 1) {
            if (!o->sig_warned) {
                pd_error(o, "%s %s", s, "a table");
                o->sig_warned = 1;
            }
        } else if (o->sigoutlets > 1) {
            if (!o->sig_warned) {
                pd_error(o, "%s %d %s", s, o->sigoutlets, "tables");
                o->sig_warned = 1;
            }
        }
        lua_pop(__L(), 1 + o->sigoutlets);
        return w + o->siginlets + o->sigoutlets + 2;
    }
    
    for (int i = o->sigoutlets - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        t_signal *sig = (t_signal *)(w[2 + o->siginlets + i]);
        t_float *out = sig->s_vec;
#if PD_MULTICHANNEL
        int nchans = sig->s_nchans ? sig->s_nchans : 1;
#else
        int nchans = 1;
#endif
        int s_n_allchans = nblock * nchans; // sum of all outlet samples
        for (int j = 0; j < s_n_allchans; j++)
        {
            lua_pushinteger(__L(), (lua_Integer)(j + 1));
            lua_gettable(__L(), -2);
            if (lua_isnumber(__L(), -1))
                out[j] = (t_float)lua_tonumber(__L(), -1);
            else if (lua_isboolean(__L(), -1))
                out[j] = (t_float)lua_toboolean(__L(), -1);
            else
                out[j] = 0.0f;
            lua_pop(__L(), 1);
        }
        lua_pop(__L(), 1);
    }

    lua_pop(__L(), 1); /* pop the global "pd" */
    
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_perform: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    
    return w + o->siginlets + o->sigoutlets + 2;
}

static void pdlua_dsp(t_pdlua *x, t_signal **sp){
    int sum = x->siginlets + x->sigoutlets;
    if(sum == 0) return;
    x->sig_warned = 0;
    x->blocksize = (int)sp[0]->s_n; // local block size instead of sys_getblksize();
    x->sp = sp; // prepare for Lua signal_setmultiout

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_dsp: stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));

    if (g_signal_setmultiout) {
        // Set default channel count to 1 for all signal outlets
        for (int i = x->siginlets; i < sum; i++)
            g_signal_setmultiout(&sp[i], 1);
    }

    // Call Lua _dsp function
    lua_getglobal(__L(), "pd");
    lua_getfield (__L(), -1, "_dsp");
    lua_pushlightuserdata(__L(), x);
    lua_pushnumber(__L(), sys_getsr());
    lua_pushnumber(__L(), x->blocksize);

    // Pass input channel counts as a table
    lua_newtable(__L());
    for (int i = 0; i < x->siginlets; i++) {
        lua_pushinteger(__L(), i + 1);
#if PD_MULTICHANNEL
        if (g_signal_setmultiout) {
            lua_pushinteger(__L(), sp[i]->s_nchans);
        } else
            lua_pushinteger(__L(), 1); // Pd version without multichannel support
#else
        lua_pushinteger(__L(), 1); // pdlua built without multichannel support
#endif
        lua_settable(__L(), -3);
    }
    
    if (lua_pcall(__L(), 4, 0, 0))
    {
        mylua_error(__L(), x, "dsp");
    }
    lua_pop(__L(), 1); /* pop the global "pd" */
    
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_dsp: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    
    int sigvecsize = sum + 1;
    t_int* sigvec = getbytes(sigvecsize * sizeof(t_int));
    
    sigvec[0] = (t_int)x;

    for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++)
        sigvec[i + 1] = (t_int)sp[i];
    
    dsp_addv(pdlua_perform, sigvecsize, sigvec);
    freebytes(sigvec, sigvecsize * sizeof(t_int));
}

static int pdlua_get_arguments(lua_State *L)
{
    // Check if the first argument is a valid user data pointer
    char msg[MAXPDSTRING];
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        // Retrieve the userdata pointer
        t_pdlua *o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (!o) {
            pd_error(NULL, "%s: get_args: null object", src_info(L, msg));
            return 0;
        }

        // Retrieve the binbuf
        t_binbuf* b = o->pd.te_binbuf;

        if (!b) {
            pd_error(o, "%s: get_args: null arguments", src_info(L, msg));
            return 0;
        }
        lua_newtable(L);
        char buf[MAXPDSTRING];
        const t_atom *ap;
        int indx = binbuf_getnatom(b), i = 0;
        for (ap = binbuf_getvec(b); indx--; ap++, i++) {
            if (i == 0) continue; // skip 1st atom = object name
            lua_pushnumber(L, i);
            if (ap->a_type == A_FLOAT)
                lua_pushnumber(L, ap->a_w.w_float);
            else {
                atom_string(ap, buf, MAXPDSTRING);
                lua_pushstring(L, buf);
            }
            lua_settable(L, -3);
        }
        return 1;
    } else {
        pd_error(NULL, "%s: get_args: missing object", src_info(L, msg));
    }

    return 0;
}

static int pdlua_set_arguments(lua_State *L)
{
    // Check if the first argument is a valid user data pointer
    char msg[MAXPDSTRING];
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        // Retrieve the userdata pointer
        t_pdlua *o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (!o) {
            pd_error(NULL, "%s: set_args: null object", src_info(L, msg));
            return 0;
        }

        // Retrieve the binbuf
        t_binbuf* b = o->pd.te_binbuf;

        if (!b) {
            pd_error(o, "%s: set_args: null arguments", src_info(L, msg));
            return 0;
        }

        t_atom name;
        SETSYMBOL(&name, atom_getsymbol(binbuf_getvec(b)));
        binbuf_clear(b);
        binbuf_add(b, 1, &name);

        // Check if the second argument is a table
        if (lua_istable(L, 2)) {

            // check whether we need to redraw the object
            t_text *x = (t_text*)o;
            int redraw = gobj_shouldvis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas) &&
                glist_isvisible(o->canvas);

            // Get the number of elements in the table
            int argc = lua_rawlen(L, 2);

            // Iterate through the table elements
            for (int i = 1; i <= argc; i++) {
                // Push the i-th element of the table onto the stack
                lua_rawgeti(L, 2, i);

                // Check the type of the element
                if (lua_isnumber(L, -1)) {
                    // If it's a number, add it to binbuf as a float
                    double num = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
                    t_atom atom;
                    SETFLOAT(&atom, num);
                    binbuf_add(b, 1, &atom);
                }
                else if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) {
                    // If it's a string, parse it using binbuf_text and add the resulting atoms to the binbuf
                    const char* str = lua_tostring(L, -1);
                    t_binbuf *temp = binbuf_new();
                    binbuf_text(temp, str, strlen(str));
                    binbuf_add(b, binbuf_getnatom(temp), binbuf_getvec(temp));
                    binbuf_free(temp);
                } else {
                    pd_error(o, "%s: set_args: atom #%d is neither float nor string", src_info(L, msg), i);
                }

                // Pop the value from the stack
                lua_pop(L, 1);

                if (redraw) {
                    // update the text in the object box; this makes sure that
                    // the arguments in the display are what we just set
                    t_rtext *y = glist_findrtext(o->canvas, x);
                    rtext_retext(y);
                    // redraw the object and its iolets (including incident
                    // cord lines), in case the object box size has changed
                    gobj_vis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas, 0);
                    gobj_vis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas, 1);
                    canvas_fixlinesfor(o->canvas, x);
                }
            }
        } else {
            pd_error(o, "%s: set_args: argument must be a table", src_info(L, msg));
        }
    } else {
        pd_error(NULL, "%s: set_args: missing object", src_info(L, msg));
    }

    return 0;
}


static t_widgetbehavior pdlua_widgetbehavior;

/** Lua class registration. This is equivalent to the "setup" method for an ordinary Pd class */
static int pdlua_class_new(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Class name string.
  * \par Outputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd class pointer.
  * */
{
    const char  *name;
    char         name_gfx[MAXPDSTRING];
    t_class     *c, *c_gfx = NULL;

    name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
    if (!name || !*name) {
        // fail silently, return nothing
        return 0;
    }
    snprintf(name_gfx, MAXPDSTRING-1, "%s:gfx", name);
    PDLUA_DEBUG3("pdlua_class_new: L is %p, name is %s stack top is %d", L, name, lua_gettop(L));
    c = class_new(gensym((char *) name), (t_newmethod) pdlua_new,
        (t_method) pdlua_free, sizeof(t_pdlua), CLASS_NOINLET | CLASS_MULTICHANNEL, A_GIMME, 0);
    if (strcmp(name, "pdlua") && strcmp(name, "pdluax")) {
        // Shadow class for graphics objects. This is an exact clone of the
        // regular (non-gui) class, except that it has a different
        // widgetbehavior. We only need this for the regular Lua objects, the
        // pdlua and pdluax built-ins don't have this.
        c_gfx = class_new(gensym((char *) name_gfx), (t_newmethod) pdlua_new,
                (t_method) pdlua_free, sizeof(t_pdlua), CLASS_NOINLET | CLASS_MULTICHANNEL, A_GIMME, 0);
        class_sethelpsymbol(c_gfx, gensym((char *) name));
    }
    
    // Let plugdata know this class is a lua object
#if PLUGDATA
    plugdata_register_class(name);
    plugdata_register_class(name_gfx);
#endif

    if (c) {
        /* a class with a "menu-open" method will have the "Open" item highlighted in the right-click menu */
        class_addmethod(c, (t_method)pdlua_menu_open, gensym("menu-open"), A_NULL);/* (mrpeach 20111025) */
        class_addmethod(c, (t_method)pdlua_dsp, gensym("dsp"), A_CANT, 0); /* timschoen 20240226 */
    }

    if (c_gfx) {
        class_addmethod(c_gfx, (t_method)pdlua_menu_open, gensym("menu-open"), A_NULL);
        class_addmethod(c_gfx, (t_method)pdlua_dsp, gensym("dsp"), A_CANT, 0);

        // Set custom widgetbehaviour for GUIs
        pdlua_widgetbehavior.w_getrectfn  = pdlua_getrect;
        pdlua_widgetbehavior.w_displacefn = pdlua_displace;
#ifndef PURR_DATA
        pdlua_widgetbehavior.w_selectfn   = text_widgetbehavior.w_selectfn;
#else
        // Purr Data only, this seems to be preferred over w_displacefn and is
        // actually needed to make text_widgetbehavior.w_selectfn happy.
        pdlua_widgetbehavior.w_displacefnwtag = pdlua_displace_wtag;
        // We also do our own variant of text_widgetbehavior.w_selectfn, as the
        // text_widgetbehavior won't give the right object tag with a freshly
        // created gop for some reason.
        pdlua_widgetbehavior.w_selectfn   = pdlua_select;
#endif
        pdlua_widgetbehavior.w_deletefn   = pdlua_delete;
        pdlua_widgetbehavior.w_clickfn    = pdlua_click;
        pdlua_widgetbehavior.w_visfn      = pdlua_vis;
        pdlua_widgetbehavior.w_activatefn = pdlua_activate;
        class_setwidget(c_gfx, &pdlua_widgetbehavior);
    }

    lua_pushlightuserdata(L, c);
    lua_pushlightuserdata(L, c_gfx);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_class_new: end stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 2;
}

/** Lua object creation. */
static int pdlua_object_new(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd class pointer.
  * \par Outputs:
  * \li \c 2 Pd object pointer.
  * */
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_new: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1) && lua_islightuserdata(L, 2))
    {
        t_class *c = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        t_class *c_gfx = lua_touserdata(L, 2);
        if(c)
        {
            PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_new: path is %s", c->c_externdir->s_name);
            t_pdlua *o = (t_pdlua *) pd_new(c);
            if (o)
            {
                o->inlets = 0;
                o->in = NULL;
                o->proxy_in = NULL;
                o->outlets = 0;
                o->out = NULL;
                o->siginlets = 0;
                o->sigoutlets = 0;
                o->sig_warned = 0;
                o->blocksize = 0;
                o->canvas = canvas_getcurrent();
                o->pdlua_class = c;
                o->pdlua_class_gfx = c_gfx;
                o->sp = NULL;

                o->gfx.width = 80;
                o->gfx.height = 80;
               
#if !PLUGDATA
                // Init graphics state for pd
                o->gfx.mouse_drag_x = 0;
                o->gfx.mouse_drag_y = 0;
                o->gfx.mouse_down = 0;
#else
                // NULL until plugdata overrides them with something useful
                o->gfx.plugdata_draw_callback = NULL;
#endif
                
                lua_pushlightuserdata(L, o);
                PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_new: success end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
                return 1;
            }
        }
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_new: fail end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

static int pdlua_object_creategui(lua_State *L)
{
    t_pdlua *o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
    t_text *x = (t_text*)o;
    int reinit = lua_tonumber(L, 2);
    if (!o->pdlua_class_gfx) return 0; // we're not supposed to be here...
    // We may need to redraw the object in case it's been reloaded, to get the
    // iolets and patch cords fixed.
    int redraw = reinit && o->pd.te_binbuf && gobj_shouldvis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas) && glist_isvisible(o->canvas);
    if (redraw) {
        gobj_vis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas, 0);
    }
    o->has_gui = 1;
    // We need to switch classes mid-flight here. This is a bit of a hack, but
    // we want to retain the standard text widgetbehavior for regular
    // (non-gui) objects. As soon as we create the gui here, we switch over to
    // o->pdlua_class_gfx, which is an exact clone of o->pdlua_class, except that it has
    // our custom widgetbehavior for gui objects.
    x->te_pd = o->pdlua_class_gfx;
    gfx_initialize(o);
    if (redraw) {
        // force object and its iolets to be redrawn
        gobj_vis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas, 1);
        canvas_fixlinesfor(o->canvas, x);
    }
    return 0;
}

// ag 20240905: This used to be implemented on the Lua side, along with a
// corresponding dispatch method so that the Lua method could be called from
// C. But we don't use that method here anymore, so instead the Lua method
// (which we want to keep around for backward compatibility) now calls this C
// function, where we get the current class (which might be either the regular
// a.k.a. text-based or the gfx shadow class) directly from the horse's mouth.
static int pdlua_get_class(lua_State *L)
{
    t_text *x = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
    if (x) {
        lua_pushlightuserdata(L, x->te_pd);
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

/* ag 20240902: We shouldn't use these private data structures, but we have
   to, since Pd's public API doesn't provide any means to change an existing
   iolet in-place. Which we need to do in order to update an existing pdlua
   object in-place. Just recreating the object would loose all existing
   connections, which would be much too disruptive for live-coding. */

/* Fortunately, the _inlet and _outlet structs have remained stable for a very
   VERY long time, and are the same across all existing Pd flavors, so we just
   replicate their private declarations here. */

union inletunion
{
    // we only need these two variants here
    t_symbol *iu_symto;
    t_float iu_floatsignalvalue;
};

struct _inlet
{
    t_pd i_pd;
    struct _inlet *i_next;
    t_object *i_owner;
    t_pd *i_dest;
    t_symbol *i_symfrom;
    union inletunion i_un;
};

struct _outlet
{
    t_object *o_owner;
    struct _outlet *o_next;
    t_outconnect *o_connections;
    t_symbol *o_sym;
};

/** Lua object inlet creation. */
static int pdlua_object_createinlets(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd object pointer.
  * \li \c 2 Number of inlets.
  * */
{

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_createinlets: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        t_pdlua *o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if(o) {
            /* Note that we update the inlets of an existing object in-place
               here, without recreating the object. I learned this neat little
               trick from Pierre Guillot's pd-faustgen, thanks Pierre! */
            // record the number of old inlets
            int old_inlets = o->inlets;
            // determine the new number of inlets
            int have_number = lua_isnumber(L, 2);
            int have_table = lua_istable(L, 2);
            int new_inlets = have_number ? luaL_checknumber(L, 2) :
                have_table ? lua_rawlen(L, 2) : 0;
            if (!have_number && !have_table) return luaL_error(L, "inlets must be a number or a table");
            // need to suspend dsp state here, in case any signal inlets are
            // created or destroyed
            int dspstate = canvas_suspend_dsp();
            // check whether we need to redraw iolets and cords
            int redraw = o->pd.te_binbuf && gobj_shouldvis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas) && glist_isvisible(o->canvas);
            if (redraw) {
                gobj_vis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas, 0);
            }
            // remove all cords of excess inlets, then the inlets themselves
            for (int i = new_inlets; i < old_inlets; ++i) {
                canvas_deletelinesforio(o->canvas, (t_text*)o, o->in[i], 0);
                inlet_free(o->in[i]);
            }
            // reallocate tables
            o->inlets = new_inlets;
            o->proxy_in = realloc(o->proxy_in, new_inlets * sizeof(t_pdlua_proxyinlet));
            o->in = realloc(o->in, new_inlets * sizeof(t_inlet*));
            o->siginlets = 0;
            // update existing and create new inlets
            for (int i = 0; i < new_inlets; ++i) {
                int is_signal = 0;
                if (have_table) {
                    lua_rawgeti(L, 2, i + 1); // Get element at index i+1
                    if (lua_isnumber(L, -1))
                        // this should be a 0-1 flag, convert from a Lua
                        // number which is some kind of float
                        is_signal = !!(int)lua_tonumber(L, -1);
                    lua_pop(L, 1); // Pop the value from the stack
                }
                // remove all existing cords with a signature mismatch
                int sig_changed = i < old_inlets && is_signal != obj_issignalinlet(&o->pd, i);
                if (sig_changed)
                    canvas_deletelinesforio(o->canvas, (t_text*)o, o->in[i], 0);
                o->siginlets += is_signal;
                t_symbol *sym = is_signal ? &s_signal : 0;
                if (i >= old_inlets) {
                    // add a new inlet
                    pdlua_proxyinlet_init(&o->proxy_in[i], o, i);
                    o->in[i] = inlet_new(&o->pd, &o->proxy_in[i].pd, sym, sym);
                } else {
                    // here's the hacky bit: update an existing inlet in-place
                    struct _inlet *x = (struct _inlet *)o->in[i];
                    // code adapted from inlet_new()
                    x->i_dest = &o->proxy_in[i].pd;
                    if (sig_changed) {
                        if (sym)
                            x->i_un.iu_floatsignalvalue = 0;
                        else
                            x->i_un.iu_symto = sym;
                        x->i_symfrom = sym;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (redraw) {
                // force object and its iolets to be redrawn
                gobj_vis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas, 1);
                canvas_fixlinesfor(o->canvas, (t_text*)o);
            }
            canvas_resume_dsp(dspstate);
        }
        
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_createinlets: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Lua object outlet creation. */
static int pdlua_object_createoutlets(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd object pointer.
  * \li \c 2 Number of outlets.
  * */
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_createoutlets: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        t_pdlua *o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (o)
        {
            // this is basically the same as above, but for outlets
            int old_outlets = o->outlets;
            int have_number = lua_isnumber(L, 2);
            int have_table = lua_istable(L, 2);
            int new_outlets = have_number ? luaL_checknumber(L, 2) :
                have_table ? lua_rawlen(L, 2) : 0;
            if (!have_number && !have_table) return luaL_error(L, "outlets must be a number or a table");
            int dspstate = canvas_suspend_dsp();
            int redraw = o->pd.te_binbuf && gobj_shouldvis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas) && glist_isvisible(o->canvas);
            if (redraw) {
                gobj_vis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas, 0);
            }
            for (int i = new_outlets; i < old_outlets; ++i) {
                canvas_deletelinesforio(o->canvas, (t_text*)o, 0, o->out[i]);
                outlet_free(o->out[i]);
            }
            o->outlets = new_outlets;
            o->out = realloc(o->out, new_outlets * sizeof(t_outlet*));
            o->sigoutlets = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < new_outlets; ++i) {
                int is_signal = 0;
                if (have_table) {
                    lua_rawgeti(L, 2, i + 1); // Get element at index i+1
                    if (lua_isnumber(L, -1))
                        is_signal = !!(int)lua_tonumber(L, -1);
                    lua_pop(L, 1); // Pop the value from the stack
                }
                int sig_changed = i < old_outlets && is_signal != obj_issignaloutlet(&o->pd, i);
                if (sig_changed)
                    canvas_deletelinesforio(o->canvas, (t_text*)o, 0, o->out[i]);
                o->sigoutlets += is_signal;
                t_symbol *sym = is_signal ? &s_signal : 0;
                if (i >= old_outlets) {
                    o->out[i] = outlet_new(&o->pd, sym);
                } else if (sig_changed) {
                    struct _outlet *x = (struct _outlet *)o->out[i];
                    // code adapted from outlet_new()
                    x->o_connections = 0;
                    x->o_sym = sym;
                }
            }
            if (redraw) {
                gobj_vis(&o->pd.te_g, o->canvas, 1);
                canvas_fixlinesfor(o->canvas, (t_text*)o);
            }
            canvas_resume_dsp(dspstate);
            
        }
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_createoutlets: end stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/* get canvas path of an object */
static int pdlua_object_canvaspath(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd object pointer.
  * \par Outputs:
  * \li \c 1 Canvas path string.
  * */
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_canvaspath: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        t_pdlua *o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (o)
        {
           lua_pushstring(L, canvas_getdir(o->canvas)->s_name);
        }
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_canvaspath: end stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 1;
}

/** Lua object receive creation. */
static int pdlua_receive_new(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd object pointer.
  * \li \c 2 Receive name string.
  * \par Outputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd receive pointer.
  * */
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_receive_new: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        t_pdlua *o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (o)
        {
            const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
            if (name)
            {
                t_pdlua_proxyreceive *r =  pdlua_proxyreceive_new(o, gensym((char *) name)); /* const cast */
                lua_pushlightuserdata(L, r);
                PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_receive_new: success end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
                return 1;
            }
        }
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_receive_new: fail end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Lua object receive destruction. */
static int pdlua_receive_free(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd recieve pointer.
  * */
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_receive_free: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        t_pdlua_proxyreceive *r = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (r) pdlua_proxyreceive_free(r);
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_receive_free: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Lua object clock creation. */
static int pdlua_clock_new(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd object pointer.
  * \par Outputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd clock pointer.
  * */
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clock_new: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        t_pdlua *o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (o)
        {
            t_pdlua_proxyclock *c =  pdlua_proxyclock_new(o);
            lua_pushlightuserdata(L, c);
            PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clock_new: success end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
            return 1;
        }
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clock_new: fail end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Lua proxy clock delay. */
static int pdlua_clock_delay(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd clock pointer.
  * \li \c 2 Number of milliseconds to delay.
  * */
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clock_delay: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        t_pdlua_proxyclock *c = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (c)
        {
            double delaytime = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
            clock_delay(c->clock, delaytime);
        }
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clock_delay: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Lua proxy clock set. */
static int pdlua_clock_set(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd clock pointer.
  * \li \c 2 Number to set the clock.
  * */
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clock_set: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        t_pdlua_proxyclock *c = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (c)
        {
            double systime = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
            clock_set(c->clock, systime);
        }
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clock_set: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Lua proxy clock unset. */
static int pdlua_clock_unset(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd clock pointer.
  * */
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clock_unset: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        t_pdlua_proxyclock *c = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (c) clock_unset(c->clock);
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clock_unset: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Lua proxy clock destruction. */
static int pdlua_clock_free(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd clock pointer.
  * */
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clock_free: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        t_pdlua_proxyclock *c = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (c)
        {
            clock_free(c->clock);
            free(c);
        }
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clock_free: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

// 20240906 ag: Some time utility functions to support the clock functions.

static int pdlua_systime(lua_State *L)
{
    lua_pushnumber(L, clock_getsystime());
    return 1;
}

static int pdlua_timesince(lua_State *L)
{
    double systime = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
    lua_pushnumber(L, clock_gettimesince(systime));
    return 1;
}

/** Lua object destruction. */
static int pdlua_object_free(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd object pointer.
  * */
{
    int i;

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_free: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        t_pdlua *o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
 
        if (o)
        {
            pdlua_gfx_free(&o->gfx);
            
            if(o->in)
            {
                for (i = 0; i < o->inlets; ++i) inlet_free(o->in[i]);
                free(o->in);
                o->in = NULL;
            }
            
            if (o->proxy_in) free(o->proxy_in);
            
            if(o->out)
            {
                for (i = 0; i < o->outlets; ++i) outlet_free(o->out[i]);
                free(o->out);
                o->out = NULL;
            }
        }
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_object_free: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Dispatch Pd inlet messages to Lua objects. */
static void pdlua_dispatch
(
    t_pdlua         *o, /**< The object that received the message. */
    unsigned int    inlet, /**< The inlet that the message arrived at. */
    t_symbol        *s, /**< The message selector. */
    int             argc, /**< The message length. */
    t_atom          *argv /**< The atoms in the message. */
)
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_dispatch: stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    lua_getglobal(__L(), "pd");
    lua_getfield (__L(), -1, "_dispatcher");
    lua_pushlightuserdata(__L(), o);
    lua_pushnumber(__L(), inlet + 1); /* C has 0.., Lua has 1.. */
    lua_pushstring(__L(), s->s_name);
    pdlua_pushatomtable(argc, argv);
    
    if (lua_pcall(__L(), 4, 0, 0))
    {
        mylua_error(__L(), o, "dispatcher");
    }
    lua_pop(__L(), 1); /* pop the global "pd" */
    
    
    
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_dispatch: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    return;  
}

/** Dispatch Pd receive messages to Lua objects. */
static void pdlua_receivedispatch
(
    t_pdlua_proxyreceive    *r, /**< The proxy receive that received the message. */
    t_symbol                *s, /**< The message selector. */
    int                     argc, /**< The message length. */
    t_atom                  *argv /**< The atoms in the message. */
)
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_receivedispatch: stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    lua_getglobal(__L(), "pd");
    lua_getfield (__L(), -1, "_receivedispatch");
    lua_pushlightuserdata(__L(), r);
    lua_pushstring(__L(), s->s_name);
    pdlua_pushatomtable(argc, argv);
        
    if (lua_pcall(__L(), 3, 0, 0))
    {
        mylua_error(__L(), r->owner, "receive dispatcher");
    }
    lua_pop(__L(), 1); /* pop the global "pd" */
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_receivedispatch: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    return;  
}

/** Dispatch Pd clock messages to Lua objects. */
static void pdlua_clockdispatch( t_pdlua_proxyclock *clock)
/**< The proxy clock that received the message. */
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clockdispatch: stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    lua_getglobal(__L(), "pd");
    lua_getfield (__L(), -1, "_clockdispatch");
    lua_pushlightuserdata(__L(), clock);

    if (lua_pcall(__L(), 1, 0, 0))
    {
        mylua_error(__L(), clock->owner, "clock dispatcher");
    }
    lua_pop(__L(), 1); /* pop the global "pd" */
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clockdispatch: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    return;  
}

/** Convert a Lua table into a Pd atom array. */
static t_atom *pdlua_popatomtable
(
    lua_State   *L, /**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c -1 Table to convert.
  * */
    int         *count, /**< Where to store the array length. */
    t_pdlua     *o /**< Object reference for error messages. */
)
{
    int         i;
    int         ok = 1;
    t_float     f;
    const char  *s;
    void        *p;
    size_t      sl;
    t_atom      *atoms = NULL;

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_popatomtable: stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_istable(L, -1))
    {
#if LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
        *count = lua_objlen(L, -1);
#else // 5.2 style
        *count = lua_rawlen(L, -1);
#endif // LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
        if (*count > 0) atoms = malloc(*count * sizeof(t_atom));
        i = 0;
        lua_pushnil(L);
        while (lua_next(L, -2) != 0)
        {
            if (i == *count)
            {
                pd_error(o, "lua: error: too many table elements");
                ok = 0;
                break;
            }
            switch (lua_type(L, -1))
            {
                case (LUA_TNUMBER):
                    f = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
                    SETFLOAT(&atoms[i], f);
                    break;
                case (LUA_TSTRING):
                    s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &sl);
                    if (s)
                    {
                        if (strlen(s) != sl) pd_error(o, "lua: warning: symbol munged (contains \\0 in body)");
                        SETSYMBOL(&atoms[i], gensym((char *) s));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        pd_error(o, "lua: error: null string in table");
                        ok = 0;
                    }
                    break;
                case (LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA): /* FIXME: check experimentality */
                    p = lua_touserdata(L, -1);
                    SETPOINTER(&atoms[i], p);
                    break;
                default:
                    pd_error(o, "lua: error: table element must be number or string or pointer");
                    ok = 0;
                    break;
            }
            lua_pop(L, 1);
            ++i;
        }
        if (i != *count)
        {
            pd_error(o, "lua: error: too few table elements");
            ok = 0;
        }
    }
    else 
    {
        /* ag 20240907: We must not leave *count uninitialized here, and we
           must actually set it to a nonzero value which indicates an error
           and that the result is *not* an empty atoms table. */
        *count = 1;
        // this error will be flagged in the caller, so no need to add even
        // more noise here
        //pd_error(o, "lua: error: not a table");
        ok = 0;
    }
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_popatomtable: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (ok) return atoms;
    if (atoms) free(atoms);
    return NULL;
}

/** Send a message from a Lua object outlet. */
static int pdlua_outlet(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd object pointer.
  * \li \c 2 Outlet number.
  * \li \c 3 Message selector string.
  * \li \c 4 Message atom table.
  * */
{
    t_pdlua         *o;
    int             out;
    size_t          sl;
    const char      *s;
    t_symbol        *sym;
    int             count;
    t_atom          *atoms;

    char msg[MAXPDSTRING];
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_outlet: stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (o) 
        {
            if (lua_isnumber(L, 2)) out = lua_tonumber(L, 2) - 1; /* C has 0.., Lua has 1.. */
            else
            {
                pd_error(o, "%s: error: outlet index must be a number", src_info(L, msg));
                lua_pop(L, 4); /* pop all the arguments */
                return 0;
            }
            if (0 <= out && out < o->outlets) 
            {
                if (lua_isstring(L, 3)) 
                {
                    s = lua_tolstring(L, 3, &sl);
                    sym = gensym((char *) s); /* const cast */
                    if (s)
                    {
                        if (strlen(s) != sl) pd_error(o, "%s: warning: selector symbol munged (contains \\0 in body) [outlet %d]", src_info(L, msg), out+1);
                        lua_pushvalue(L, 4);
                        atoms = pdlua_popatomtable(L, &count, o);
                        if (count == 0 || atoms) outlet_anything(o->out[out], sym, count, atoms);
                        else pd_error(o, "%s: error: %s atoms table [outlet %d]", src_info(L, msg), lua_isnoneornil(L, 4)?"missing":"invalid", out+1);
                        if (atoms) 
                        {
                            free(atoms);
                            lua_pop(L, 4); /* pop all the arguments */
                            return 0;
                        }
                    }
                    else pd_error(o, "%s: error: null selector [outlet %d]", src_info(L, msg), out+1);
                }
                else pd_error(o, "%s: error: selector must be a string [outlet %d]", src_info(L, msg), out+1);
            }
            else pd_error(o, "%s: error: outlet index out of range [outlet %d]", src_info(L, msg), out+1);
        }
        else pd_error(NULL, "%s: error: null object for outlet", src_info(L, msg));
    }
    else pd_error(NULL, "%s: error: missing object for outlet", src_info(L, msg));
    lua_pop(L, 4); /* pop all the arguments */
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_outlet: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Send a message from a Lua object to a Pd receiver. */
static int pdlua_send(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Receiver string.
  * \li \c 2 Message selector string.
  * \li \c 3 Message atom table.
  * */

{
    size_t          receivenamel;
    const char      *receivename;
    t_symbol        *receivesym;
    size_t          selnamel;
    const char      *selname;
    t_symbol        *selsym;
    int             count;
    t_atom          *atoms;

    char msg[MAXPDSTRING];
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_send: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_isstring(L, 1)) 
    {
        receivename = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &receivenamel);
        receivesym = gensym((char *) receivename); /* const cast */
        if (receivesym) 
        {
            if (strlen(receivename) != receivenamel) pd_error(NULL, "%s: warning: receive symbol munged (contains \\0 in body) [send %s]", src_info(L, msg), receivename);
            if (lua_isstring(L, 2)) 
            {
                selname = lua_tolstring(L, 2, &selnamel);
                selsym = gensym((char *) selname); /* const cast */
                if (selsym)
                {
                    if (strlen(selname) != selnamel) pd_error(NULL, "%s: warning: selector symbol munged (contains \\0 in body) [send %s]", src_info(L, msg), receivename);
                    lua_pushvalue(L, 3);
                    atoms = pdlua_popatomtable(L, &count, NULL);
                    if ((count == 0 || atoms) && (receivesym->s_thing)) typedmess(receivesym->s_thing, selsym, count, atoms);
                    else pd_error(NULL, "%s: error: %s atoms table [send %s]", src_info(L, msg), lua_isnoneornil(L, 3)?"missing":"invalid", receivename);
                    if (atoms) 
                    {
                        free(atoms);
                        PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_send: success end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
                        return 0;
                    }
                }
                else pd_error(NULL, "%s: error: null selector [send %s]", src_info(L, msg), receivename);
            }
            else pd_error(NULL, "%s: error: selector must be a string [send %s]", src_info(L, msg), receivename);
        }
        else pd_error(NULL, "%s: error: null receive name in send", src_info(L, msg));
    }
    else pd_error(NULL, "%s: error: receive name in send must be string", src_info(L, msg));
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_send: fail end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Set a [value] object's value. */
static int pdlua_setvalue(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Value name string.
  * \li \c 2 Value number.
  * \par Outputs:
  * \li \c 1 success (usually depends on a [value] existing or not).
  */
{
    const char  *str = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
    t_float     val = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
    int         err = value_setfloat(gensym(str), val);

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_setvalue: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    lua_pushboolean(L, !err);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_setvalue: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 1;
}

/** Get a [value] object's value. */
static int pdlua_getvalue(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Value name string.
  * \par Outputs:
  * \li \c 1 Value number, or nil for failure.
  * */
{
    const char  *str = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
    t_float     val;
    int         err = value_getfloat(gensym(str), &val);

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_getvalue: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (!err) lua_pushnumber(L, val);
    else lua_pushnil(L);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_getvalue: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 1;
}

/** Get a [table] object's array. */
static int pdlua_getarray(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Table name string.
  * \par Outputs:
  * \li \c 1 Table length, or < 0 for failure.
  * \li \c 2 Table pointer, or nil for failure.
  * */
{
    t_garray        *a;
    int             n;
    PDLUA_ARRAYTYPE *v;
    const char      *str = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_getarray: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (!(a = (t_garray *) pd_findbyclass(gensym(str), garray_class))) 
    {
        lua_pushnumber(L, -1);
        PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_getarray: end 1. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
        return 1;
    }
    else if (!PDLUA_ARRAYGRAB(a, &n, &v)) 
    {
        lua_pushnumber(L, -2);
        PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_getarray: end 2. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
        return 1;
    }
    else 
    {
        lua_pushnumber(L, n);
        lua_pushlightuserdata(L, v);
        PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_getarray: end 3. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
        return 2;
    }
}

/** Read from a [table] object's array. */
static int pdlua_readarray(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Table length number.
  * \li \c 2 Table array pointer.
  * \li \c 3 Table index number.
  * \par Outputs:
  * \li \c 1 Table element value, or nil for index out of range.
  * */
{
    int             n = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
    PDLUA_ARRAYTYPE *v = lua_islightuserdata(L, 2) ? lua_touserdata(L, 2) : NULL;
    int             i = luaL_checknumber(L, 3);

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_readarray: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (0 <= i && i < n && v) 
    {
        lua_pushnumber(L, PDLUA_ARRAYELEM(v, i));
        PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_readarray: end 1. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
        return 1;
    }
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_readarray: end 2. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Write to a [table] object's array. */
static int pdlua_writearray(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Table length number.
  * \li \c 2 Table array pointer.
  * \li \c 3 Table index number.
  * \li \c 4 Table element value number.
  * */
{
    int                 n = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
    PDLUA_ARRAYTYPE     *v = lua_islightuserdata(L, 2) ? lua_touserdata(L, 2) : NULL;
    int                 i = luaL_checknumber(L, 3);
    t_float             x = luaL_checknumber(L, 4);

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_writearray: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (0 <= i && i < n && v) PDLUA_ARRAYELEM(v, i) = x;
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_writearray: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Redraw a [table] object's graph. */
static int pdlua_redrawarray(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Table name string.
  * */
{
    t_garray    *a;
    const char  *str = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_redrawarray: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if ((a = (t_garray *) pd_findbyclass(gensym(str), garray_class))) garray_redraw(a);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_redrawarray: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Post to Pd's console. */
static int pdlua_post(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Message string.
  * */
{
    const char *str = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_post: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    post("%s", str);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_post: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

/** Report an error from a Lua object to Pd's console. */
static int pdlua_error(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd object pointer.
  * \li \c 2 Message string.
  * */
{
    t_pdlua     *o;
    const char  *s;

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_error: stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (o)
        {
            s = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
            if (s) pd_error(o, "%s", s);
            else pd_error(o, "lua: error: null string in error function");
        }
        else pd_error(NULL, "lua: error: null object in error function");
    }
    else pd_error(NULL, "lua: error: bad arguments to error function");
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_error: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    return 0;
}

static void pdlua_packagepath(lua_State *L, const char *path)
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_packagepath: stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
    lua_getglobal(L, "package");
    lua_pushstring(L, "path");
    lua_gettable(L, -2);
    const char *packagepath = lua_tostring(L, -1);
    char *buf = malloc(2*strlen(path)+20+strlen(packagepath));
    if (!buf) {
        lua_pop(L, 2);
        return;
    }
#ifdef _WIN32
    sprintf(buf, "%s\\?.lua;%s\\?\\init.lua;%s", path, path, packagepath);
#else
    sprintf(buf, "%s/?.lua;%s/?/init.lua;%s", path, path, packagepath);
#endif
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    lua_pushstring(L, "path");
    lua_pushstring(L, buf);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "cpath");
    lua_gettable(L, -2);
    packagepath = lua_tostring(L, -1);
    buf = realloc(buf, 2*strlen(path)+20+strlen(packagepath));
    if (!buf) {
        lua_pop(L, 2);
        return;
    }
#ifdef _WIN32
    sprintf(buf, "%s\\?.dll;%s", path, packagepath);
#else
    sprintf(buf, "%s/?.so;%s", path, packagepath);
#endif
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    lua_pushstring(L, "cpath");
    lua_pushstring(L, buf);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    free(buf);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_packagepath: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
}

static void pdlua_setrequirepath
( /* FIXME: documentation (is this of any use at all?) */
    lua_State   *L,
    const char  *path
)
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_setrequirepath: stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
    lua_getglobal(L, "pd");
    lua_pushstring(L, "_setrequirepath");
    lua_gettable(L, -2);
    lua_pushstring(L, path);
    if (lua_pcall(L, 1, 0, 0) != 0)
    {
        mylua_error(L, NULL, "setrequirepath");
    }
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_setrequirepath: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
}

static void pdlua_clearrequirepath
( /* FIXME: documentation (is this of any use at all?) */
    lua_State *L
)
{
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clearrequirepath: stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
    lua_getglobal(L, "pd");
    lua_pushstring(L, "_clearrequirepath");
    lua_gettable(L, -2);
    if (lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
    {
        mylua_error(L, NULL, "clearrequirepath");
    }
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_clearrequirepath: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
}

/** Run a Lua script using class path */
static int pdlua_dofilex(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd class pointer.
  * \li \c 2 Filename string.
  * \par Outputs:
  * \li \c * Determined by the script.
  * */
{
    char                buf[MAXPDSTRING];
    char                *ptr;
    t_pdlua_readerdata  reader;
    int                 fd;
    int                 n;
    const char          *filename;
    t_class             *c;

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_dofilex: stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
    n = lua_gettop(L);
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        c = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (c)
        {
            filename = luaL_optstring(L, 2, NULL);
            if (!filename || !*filename) return 0;
            const char *path = c->c_externdir->s_name;
            fd = trytoopenone(path && *path ? path : pdlua_datadir, filename, "",
              buf, &ptr, MAXPDSTRING, 1);
            if (fd >= 0)
            {
                PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_dofilex path is %s", buf);
                pdlua_setrequirepath(L, buf);
                reader.fd = fd;
#if LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
                if (lua_load(L, pdlua_reader, &reader, filename))
#else // 5.2 style
                if (lua_load(L, pdlua_reader, &reader, filename, NULL))
#endif // LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
                {
                    close(fd);
                    pdlua_clearrequirepath(L);
                    mylua_error(L, NULL, NULL);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
                    {
                        mylua_error(L, NULL, NULL);
                        close(fd);
                        pdlua_clearrequirepath(L);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        /* succeeded */
                        close(fd);
                        pdlua_clearrequirepath(L);
                    }
                }
            }
            else pd_error(NULL, "lua: dofilex: couldn't locate `%s'", filename);
        }
        else pd_error(NULL, "lua: dofilex: null class");
    }
    else pd_error(NULL, "lua: dofilex: wrong type of object");
    lua_pushstring(L, buf); /* return the path as well so we can open it later with pdlua_menu_open() */
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_dofilex end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
 
    return lua_gettop(L) - n;
}

/** Run a Lua script using Pd's path. */
static int pdlua_dofile(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state.
  * \par Inputs:
  * \li \c 1 Pd object pointer.
  * \li \c 2 Filename string.
  * \par Outputs:
  * \li \c * Determined by the script.
  * */
{
    char                buf[MAXPDSTRING];
    char                *ptr;
    t_pdlua_readerdata  reader;
    int                 fd;
    int                 n;
    const char          *filename;
    t_pdlua             *o;

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_dofile: stack top %d", lua_gettop(L));
    n = lua_gettop(L);
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1))
    {
        o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (o)
        {
            filename = luaL_optstring(L, 2, NULL);
            if (!filename || !*filename) return 0;
            fd = canvas_open(o->canvas, filename, "", buf, &ptr, MAXPDSTRING, 1);
            if (fd >= 0)
            {
                PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_dofile path is %s", buf);
                //pdlua_setpathname(o, buf);/* change the scriptname to include its path */
                pdlua_setrequirepath(L, buf);
                reader.fd = fd;
#if LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
                if (lua_load(L, pdlua_reader, &reader, filename))
#else // 5.2 style
                if (lua_load(L, pdlua_reader, &reader, filename, NULL))
#endif // LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
                {
                    close(fd);
                    pdlua_clearrequirepath(L);
                    mylua_error(L, o, NULL);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
                    {
                        mylua_error(L, NULL, NULL);
                        close(fd);
                        pdlua_clearrequirepath(L);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        /* succeeded */
                        close(fd);
                        pdlua_clearrequirepath(L);
                    }
                }
            }
            else pd_error(o, "lua: dofile: couldn't locate `%s'", filename);
        }
        else pd_error(NULL, "lua: dofile: null object");
    }
    else pd_error(NULL, "lua: dofile: wrong type of object");
    lua_pushstring(L, buf); /* return the path as well so we can open it later with pdlua_menu_open() */
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_dofile end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
    
    return lua_gettop(L) - n;
}

static int pdlua_canvas_realizedollar(lua_State *L)
{
    if (lua_islightuserdata(L, 1) && lua_isstring(L, 2))
    {
        t_pdlua *o = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
        if (o && o->canvas)
        {
            const char *sym_name = lua_tostring(L, 2);
            t_symbol *s = gensym(sym_name);
            t_symbol *result = canvas_realizedollar(o->canvas, s);
            lua_pushstring(L, result->s_name);
            return 1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static int pdlua_signal_setmultiout(lua_State *L)
{
    char msg[MAXPDSTRING];

    if (!lua_islightuserdata(L, 1) || !lua_isnumber(L, 2) || !lua_isnumber(L, 3)) {
        pd_error(NULL, "%s: signal_setmultiout: invalid arguments", src_info(L, msg));
        return 0;
    }

    t_pdlua *x = (t_pdlua *)lua_touserdata(L, 1);
    int outidx = lua_tointeger(L, 2) - 1;
    int nchans = lua_tointeger(L, 3);
    if (!x) {
        pd_error(NULL, "%s: signal_setmultiout: must be called from dsp method", src_info(L, msg));
        return 0;
    }
    if (outidx < 0 || outidx >= x->sigoutlets) {
        pd_error(NULL, "%s: signal_setmultiout: invalid outlet index. called outside dsp method?", src_info(L, msg));
        return 0;
    }

    if (nchans < 1) {
        pd_error(NULL, "%s: signal_setmultiout: invalid channel count: %d, setting to 1", src_info(L, msg), nchans);
        nchans = 1;  // Ensure at least one channel
    }

#if PD_MULTICHANNEL
    if (g_signal_setmultiout) {
        if (x->sp && x->sp[x->siginlets + outidx])
            g_signal_setmultiout(&x->sp[x->siginlets + outidx], nchans);
        else {
            pd_error(x, "%s: signal_setmultiout: invalid signal pointer. must be called from dsp method", src_info(L, msg));
            return 0;
        }
    } else
        pd_error(NULL, "%s: signal_setmultiout: Pd version without multichannel support", src_info(L, msg));
#else
    pd_error(NULL, "%s: signal_setmultiout: pdlua built without multichannel support", src_info(L, msg));
#endif

    return 0;
}

/** Initialize the pd API for Lua. */
static void pdlua_init(lua_State *L)
/**< Lua interpreter state. */
{
    lua_newtable(L);
    lua_setglobal(L, "pd");
    lua_getglobal(L, "pd");
    lua_pushstring(L, "_iswindows");
#ifdef _WIN32
    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
#else
    lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
#endif // _WIN32
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_register");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_class_new);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_get_class");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_get_class);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_create");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_object_new);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_createinlets");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_object_createinlets);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_createoutlets");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_object_createoutlets);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_creategui");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_object_creategui);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_canvaspath");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_object_canvaspath);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_destroy");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_object_free);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_outlet");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_outlet);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_createreceive");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_receive_new);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_receivefree");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_receive_free);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_createclock");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_clock_new);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_clockfree");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_clock_free);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_clockset");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_clock_set);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_clockunset");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_clock_unset);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_clockdelay");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_clock_delay);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_dofile");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_dofile);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_dofilex");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_dofilex);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "send");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_send);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "getvalue");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_getvalue);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "setvalue");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_setvalue);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_getarray");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_getarray);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_readarray");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_readarray);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_writearray");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_writearray);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_redrawarray");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_redrawarray);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "post");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_post);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_get_args");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_get_arguments);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_set_args");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_set_arguments);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_canvas_realizedollar");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_canvas_realizedollar);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_signal_setmultiout");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_signal_setmultiout);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "_error");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_error);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    /* 20240906 ag: Added TIMEUNITPERMSEC, systime and timesince, to make
       clock_set useable. NOTE: TIMEUNITPERMSEC is the time unit for systime,
       timesince, and clock_set and is from m_sched.c. It isn't in the Pd
       headers anywhere, but its value has been the same forever, so we just
       include it here and expose it in the Lua API. */
#define TIMEUNITPERMSEC (32. * 441.)
    lua_pushstring(L, "TIMEUNITPERMSEC");
    lua_pushnumber(L, TIMEUNITPERMSEC);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "systime");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_systime);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "timesince");
    lua_pushcfunction(L, pdlua_timesince);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_init: end. stack top is %d", lua_gettop(L));
}

/** Pd loader hook for loading and executing Lua scripts. */
static int pdlua_loader_fromfd
(
    int         fd, /**< file-descriptor of .pd_lua file */
    const char *name, /**< The name of the script (without .pd_lua extension). */
    const char *dirbuf /**< The name of the directory the .pd_lua files lives in */
)
{
    t_pdlua_readerdata  reader;

    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_loader: stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    class_set_extern_dir(gensym(dirbuf));
    pdlua_setrequirepath(__L(), dirbuf);
    reader.fd = fd;
    // we want to have the filename with extension as the name of the chunk
    char filename[MAXPDSTRING];
    snprintf(filename, MAXPDSTRING-1, "%s.pd_lua", name);
#if LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
    if (lua_load(__L(), pdlua_reader, &reader, filename) || lua_pcall(__L(), 0, 0, 0))
#else // 5.2 style
    if (lua_load(__L(), pdlua_reader, &reader, filename, NULL) || lua_pcall(__L(), 0, 0, 0))
#endif // LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
    {
      mylua_error(__L(), NULL, NULL);
      pdlua_clearrequirepath(__L());
      class_set_extern_dir(&s_);
      PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_loader: script error end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
      return 0;
    }
    pdlua_clearrequirepath(__L());
    class_set_extern_dir(&s_);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_loader: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    return 1;
}

static int pdlua_loader_wrappath
(
    int         fd, /**< file-descriptor of .pd_lua file */
    const char *name, /**< The name of the script (without .pd_lua extension). */
    const char *dirbuf /**< The name of the directory the .pd_lua files lives in */
)
{
  int result = 0;
  if (fd>=0)
  {
    const char* basenamep = basename(name);
    int load_name_save = 0, load_path_save;
    const int is_loadname = basenamep > name;
    lua_getglobal(__L(), "pd");
    if (is_loadname)
    {
      /* save old loadname, restore later in case of
       * nested loading */
      lua_getfield(__L(), -1, "_loadname");
      load_name_save = luaL_ref(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
      lua_pushstring(__L(), name);
      lua_setfield(__L(), -2, "_loadname");
    }
    lua_getfield(__L(), -1, "_loadpath");
    load_path_save = luaL_ref(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
    lua_pushstring(__L(), dirbuf);
    lua_setfield(__L(), -2, "_loadpath");
    result=pdlua_loader_fromfd(fd, basenamep, dirbuf);
    lua_rawgeti(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, load_path_save);
    lua_setfield(__L(), -2, "_loadpath");
    luaL_unref(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, load_path_save);
    if (is_loadname) {
      lua_rawgeti(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, load_name_save);
      lua_setfield(__L(), -2, "_loadname");
      luaL_unref(__L(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, load_name_save);
    }
    lua_pop(__L(), 1);
    sys_close(fd);
  }
  return result;
}

static int pdlua_loader_legacy
(
    t_canvas    *canvas, /**< Pd canvas to use to find the script. */
    char        *name /**< The name of the script (without .pd_lua extension). */
)
{
    char                dirbuf[MAXPDSTRING];
    char                *ptr;
    int                 fd;

    fd = canvas_open(canvas, name, ".pd_lua", dirbuf, &ptr, MAXPDSTRING, 1);
    return pdlua_loader_wrappath(fd, name, dirbuf);
}

static int pdlua_loader_pathwise
(
    t_canvas    *UNUSED(canvas), /**< Pd canvas to use to find the script. */
    const char  *objectname, /**< The name of the script (without .pd_lua extension). */
    const char  *path /**< The directory to search for the script */
)
{
    char                dirbuf[MAXPDSTRING], filename[MAXPDSTRING];
    char                *ptr;
    const char          *classname;
    int                 fd;

    if(!path)
    {
      /* we already tried all paths, so skip this */
      return 0;
    }
    if ((classname = strrchr(objectname, '/')))
        classname++;
    else classname = objectname;
    /* ag: Try loading <path>/<classname>.pd_lua (experimental).
       sys_trytoopenone will correctly find the file in a subdirectory if a
       path is given, and it will then return that subdir in dirbuf. */
    if ((fd = trytoopenone(path, objectname, ".pd_lua",
        dirbuf, &ptr, MAXPDSTRING, 1)) >= 0)
        if(pdlua_loader_wrappath(fd, objectname, dirbuf))
            return 1;

    /* next try (objectname)/(classname).(sys_dllextent) ... */
    strncpy(filename, objectname, MAXPDSTRING);
    filename[MAXPDSTRING-2] = 0;
    strcat(filename, "/");
    strncat(filename, classname, MAXPDSTRING-strlen(filename));
    filename[MAXPDSTRING-1] = 0;
    if ((fd = trytoopenone(path, filename, ".pd_lua",
        dirbuf, &ptr, MAXPDSTRING, 1)) >= 0)
        if(pdlua_loader_wrappath(fd, objectname, dirbuf))
            return 1;
    return 0;
}

#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#else
#define __USE_GNU // to get RTLD_DEFAULT
#include <dlfcn.h> // for dlsym
#ifndef RTLD_DEFAULT
/* If RTLD_DEFAULT still isn't defined then just passing NULL will hopefully
   do the trick. */
#define RTLD_DEFAULT NULL
#endif
#endif

#define xstr(s) str(s)
#define str(s) #s

/** Start the Lua runtime and register our loader hook. */
#ifdef _WIN32
__declspec(dllexport)
#endif


void pdlua_instance_setup()
{
#if PDINSTANCE
    initialise_lua_state();
#endif
}

#ifdef PLUGDATA
void pdlua_setup(const char *datadir, char *versbuf, int versbuf_length, void(*register_class_callback)(const char*))
#else
void pdlua_setup(void)
#endif
{
    char                pd_lua_path[MAXPDSTRING];
    t_pdlua_readerdata  reader;
    int                 fd;
    int                 result;
    char                pdluaver[MAXPDSTRING];
    char                compiled[MAXPDSTRING];
    char                luaversionStr[MAXPDSTRING];
#if LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 504
    const lua_Number    *luaversion = lua_version (NULL);
#else
    const lua_Number    luavers = lua_version (NULL), *luaversion = &luavers;
#endif
    int                 lvm, lvl;

#ifndef BUILD_DATE
# define BUILD_DATE __DATE__" "__TIME__
#endif

#ifdef PDLUA_VERSION
    char *pdlua_version = xstr(PDLUA_VERSION);
#else
    char *pdlua_version = "";
#endif
    if (strlen(pdlua_version) == 0) {
      // NOTE: This should be set from the Makefile, otherwise we fall back to:
      pdlua_version = "0.12.20";
    }
    snprintf(pdluaver, MAXPDSTRING-1, "pdlua %s (GPL) 2008 Claude Heiland-Allen, 2014 Martin Peach et al.", pdlua_version);
    snprintf(compiled, MAXPDSTRING-1, "pdlua: compiled for pd-%d.%d on %s",
             PD_MAJOR_VERSION, PD_MINOR_VERSION, BUILD_DATE);

    lvm = (*luaversion)/100;
    lvl = (*luaversion) - (100*lvm);
    snprintf(luaversionStr, MAXPDSTRING-1, "Using lua version %d.%d", lvm, lvl);

#if PLUGDATA
    plugdata_register_class = register_class_callback;
    
    snprintf(versbuf, versbuf_length-1,
#ifdef ELSE
             "pdlua %s ELSE (lua %d.%d)",
#else
             "pdlua %s (lua %d.%d)",
#endif
             pdlua_version, lvm, lvl);
#endif
// post version and other information
    post(pdluaver);
#ifdef ELSE
    post("Distributed as part of ELSE");
#else
    post(compiled);
#endif
    post(luaversionStr);

// multichannel handling copied from https://github.com/Spacechild1/vstplugin/blob/3f0ed8a800ea238bf204a2ead940b2d1324ac909/pd/src/vstplugin~.cpp#L4122-L4136
#ifdef _WIN32
    // get a handle to the module containing the Pd API functions.
    // NB: GetModuleHandle("pd.dll") does not cover all cases.
    HMODULE module;
    if (GetModuleHandleEx(
            GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS | GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_UNCHANGED_REFCOUNT,
            (LPCSTR)&pd_typedmess, &module)) {
        g_signal_setmultiout = (t_signal_setmultiout)(void *)GetProcAddress(
            module, "signal_setmultiout");
    }
#else
    // search recursively, starting from the main program
    g_signal_setmultiout = (t_signal_setmultiout)dlsym(
        dlopen(NULL, RTLD_NOW), "signal_setmultiout");
#endif

    pdlua_proxyinlet_setup();
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua pdlua_proxyinlet_setup done", 0);
    pdlua_proxyreceive_setup();
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua pdlua_proxyreceive_setup done", 0);
    pdlua_proxyclock_setup();
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua pdlua_proxyclock_setup done", 0);
    if (! pdlua_proxyinlet_class || ! pdlua_proxyreceive_class || ! pdlua_proxyclock_class)
    {
        pd_error(NULL, "lua: error creating proxy classes");
        pd_error(NULL, "lua: loader will not be registered!");
        pd_error(NULL, "lua: (is Pd using a different float size?)");
        return;
    }
    
    initialise_lua_state();
    
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua lua_open done L = %p", __L());
    luaL_openlibs(__L());
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua luaL_openlibs done", 0);
    pdlua_init(__L());
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua pdlua_init done", 0);
    /* "pd.lua" is the Lua part of pdlua, want to keep the C part minimal */
    /* canvas_open can't find pd.lua unless we give the path to pd beforehand like pd -path /usr/lib/extra/pdlua */
    /* To avoid this we can use c_externdir from m_imp.h, struct _class: t_symbol *c_externdir; */
    /* c_externdir is the directory the extern was loaded from and is also the directory contining pd.lua */
#ifdef PLUGDATA
    // In plugdata we're linked statically and thus c_externdir is empty.
    // Instead, we get our data directory from plugdata and expect to find the
    // external dir in <datadir>/pdlua.
    snprintf(pdlua_datadir, MAXPDSTRING-1, "%s/pdlua", datadir);
#else
    const char *s = pdlua_proxyinlet_class->c_externdir->s_name;
    if (!sys_isabsolutepath(s)) {
        // try to turn this into an absolute path
        char real_path[PATH_MAX+1];
        if (realpath(s, real_path)) s = real_path;
    }
    snprintf(pdlua_datadir, MAXPDSTRING-1, "%s", s);
#endif
    if (!getcwd(pdlua_cwd, MAXPDSTRING))
        // if we can't get the cwd, this is the best that we can do
        strcpy(pdlua_cwd, ".");
    snprintf(pd_lua_path, MAXPDSTRING-1, "%s/pd.lua", pdlua_datadir); /* the full path to pd.lua */
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pd_lua_path %s", pd_lua_path);
    fd = open(pd_lua_path, O_RDONLY);
/*    fd = canvas_open(canvas_getcurrent(), "pd", ".lua", buf, &ptr, MAXPDSTRING, 1);  looks all over and rarely succeeds */
    PDLUA_DEBUG ("pd.lua loaded from %s", pd_lua_path);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua canvas_open done fd = %d", fd);
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_setup: stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
    if (fd >= 0)
    { /* pd.lua was opened */
        reader.fd = fd;
        // We need to set up Lua's package.path here so that pdx.lua can be
        // found (and possibly other pre-loaded extension modules in the
        // future). Note that we can't just use pdlua_setrequirepath() here
        // because it calls pd._setrequirepath in pd.lua which isn't loaded
        // yet at this point.
        pdlua_packagepath(__L(), pdlua_datadir);
#if LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
        result = lua_load(__L(), pdlua_reader, &reader, "pd.lua");
#else // 5.2 style
        result = lua_load(__L(), pdlua_reader, &reader, "pd.lua", NULL); // mode bt for binary or text
#endif // LUA_VERSION_NUM	< 502
        PDLUA_DEBUG ("pdlua lua_load returned %d", result);
        if (0 == result)
        {
            result = lua_pcall(__L(), 0, 0, 0);
            PDLUA_DEBUG ("pdlua lua_pcall returned %d", result);
        }
      
        if (0 != result)
        {
            mylua_error(__L(), NULL, NULL);
            pd_error(NULL, "lua: loader will not be registered!");
            pd_error(NULL, "lua: (is `pd.lua' in Pd's path list?)");
        }
        else
        {
            int maj=0,min=0,bug=0;
            sys_getversion(&maj,&min,&bug);
            if((maj==0) && (min<47))
                /* before Pd<0.47, the loaders had to iterate over each path themselves */
                sys_register_loader((loader_t)pdlua_loader_legacy);
            else
                /* since Pd>=0.47, Pd tries the loaders for each path */
                sys_register_loader((loader_t)pdlua_loader_pathwise);
        }
        close(fd);
    }
    else
    {
        pd_error(NULL, "lua: error loading `pd.lua': canvas_open() failed");
        pd_error(NULL, "lua: loader will not be registered!");
    }

    pdlua_gfx_setup(__L());
    
    PDLUA_DEBUG("pdlua_setup: end. stack top %d", lua_gettop(__L()));
#ifndef PLUGDATA
    /* nw.js support. */
#ifdef WIN32
    nw_gui_vmess = (void*)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("pd.dll"), "gui_vmess");
#else
    nw_gui_vmess = dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "gui_vmess");
#endif
    if (nw_gui_vmess)
      post("pdlua: using JavaScript interface (nw.js)");
#endif

}

/* EOF */