diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f326ef068c19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+
+
+# lastIndexOf
+
+> Return the last index of a specified search element along an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] dimension.
+
+
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var lastIndexOf = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of' );
+```
+
+#### lastIndexOf( x, searchElement\[, fromIndex]\[, options] )
+
+Returns the last index of a specified search element along an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] dimension.
+
+```javascript
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+
+// Create an input ndarray:
+var x = array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 5.0, 6.0 ] );
+// returns 
+
+// Perform operation:
+var out = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0 );
+// returns 
+
+var idx = out.get();
+// returns 3
+```
+
+The function has the following parameters:
+
+-   **x**: input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. Must have at least one dimension.
+-   **searchElement**: search element. May be either a scalar value or an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. If provided a scalar value, the value is cast to the data type of the input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. If provided an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor], the value must have a shape which is [broadcast-compatible][@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes] with the non-reduced dimensions of the input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. For example, given the input shape `[2, 3, 4]` and `options.dim=0`, the search element [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] must have a shape which is [broadcast-compatible][@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes] with the shape `[3, 4]`.
+-   **fromIndex**: index from which to begin searching (_optional_). May be either a scalar value or an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] having an integer index or "generic" [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes]. If provided an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor], the value must have a shape which is [broadcast-compatible][@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes] with the non-reduced dimensions of the input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. For example, given the input shape `[2, 3, 4]` and `options.dim=0`, a provided [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] must have a shape which is [broadcast-compatible][@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes] with the shape `[3, 4]`. If provided a negative integer, the index at which to begin searching along a dimension is determined by counting backward from the last element (where `-1` refers to the last element). Default: `-1`.
+-   **options**: function options (_optional_).
+
+The function accepts the following options:
+
+-   **dtype**: output ndarray [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes]. Must be an integer index or generic [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes].
+-   **dim**: dimension over which to perform operation. If provided a negative integer, the dimension along which to perform the operation is determined by counting backward from the last dimension (where `-1` refers to the last dimension). Default: `-1`.
+-   **keepdims**: boolean indicating whether the reduced dimensions should be included in the returned [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] as singleton dimensions. Default: `false`.
+
+If the function is unable to find a search element along an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor], the corresponding element in the returned [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] is `-1`.
+
+```javascript
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+
+// Create an input ndarray:
+var x = array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ] );
+// returns 
+
+// Perform operation:
+var out = lastIndexOf( x, 10.0 );
+// returns 
+
+var idx = out.get();
+// returns -1
+```
+
+By default, the function begins searching from the last element along the reduction dimension. To begin searching from a different index, provide a `fromIndex` argument.
+
+```javascript
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+
+// Create an input ndarray:
+var x = array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 6.0 ] );
+// returns 
+
+// Perform operation:
+var out = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 3 );
+// returns 
+
+var idx = out.get();
+// returns 1
+```
+
+By default, the function performs the operation over elements in the last dimension. To perform the operation over a different dimension, provide a `dim` option.
+
+```javascript
+var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+
+var x = array( [ [ -3.0, 2.0 ], [ -3.0, 4.0 ] ] );
+
+var out = lastIndexOf( x, -3.0, {
+    'dim': 0
+});
+// returns 
+
+var idx = ndarray2array( out );
+// returns [ 1, -1 ]
+```
+
+By default, the function excludes reduced dimensions from the output [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. To include the reduced dimensions as singleton dimensions, set the `keepdims` option to `true`.
+
+```javascript
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
+
+var x = array( [ [ -3.0, 2.0 ], [ -3.0, 4.0 ] ] );
+
+var opts = {
+    'dim': 0,
+    'keepdims': true
+};
+
+var out = lastIndexOf( x, -3.0, opts );
+// returns 
+
+var idx = ndarray2array( out );
+// returns [ [ 1, -1 ] ]
+```
+
+By default, the function returns an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] having a [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes] determined by the function's output data type [policy][@stdlib/ndarray/output-dtype-policies]. To override the default behavior, set the `dtype` option.
+
+```javascript
+var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
+var dtype = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/dtype' );
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+
+var x = array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 ] );
+
+var idx = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, {
+    'dtype': 'generic'
+});
+// returns 
+
+var dt = dtype( idx );
+// returns 'generic'
+```
+
+#### lastIndexOf.assign( x, searchElement\[, fromIndex], out\[, options] )
+
+Returns the last index of a specified search element along an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] dimension and assigns results to a provided output [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor].
+
+```javascript
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+var zeros = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/zeros' );
+
+var x = array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 5.0, 6.0 ] );
+var y = zeros( [], {
+    'dtype': 'int32'
+});
+
+var out = lastIndexOf.assign( x, 2.0, y );
+// returns 
+
+var idx = out.get();
+// returns 3
+
+var bool = ( out === y );
+// returns true
+```
+
+The method has the following parameters:
+
+-   **x**: input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. Must have at least one dimension.
+-   **searchElement**: search element. May be either a scalar value or an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. If provided a scalar value, the value is cast to the data type of the input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. If provided an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor], the value must have a shape which is [broadcast-compatible][@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes] with the non-reduced dimensions of the input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. For example, given the input shape `[2, 3, 4]` and `options.dim=0`, the search element [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] must have a shape which is [broadcast-compatible][@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes] with the shape `[3, 4]`.
+-   **fromIndex**: index from which to begin searching (_optional_). May be either a scalar value or an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] having an integer index or "generic" [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes]. If provided an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor], the value must have a shape which is [broadcast-compatible][@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes] with the non-reduced dimensions of the input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. For example, given the input shape `[2, 3, 4]` and `options.dim=0`, a provided [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] must have a shape which is [broadcast-compatible][@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes] with the shape `[3, 4]`. If provided a negative integer, the index at which to begin searching along a dimension is determined by counting backward from the last element (where `-1` refers to the last element). Default: `-1`.
+-   **out**: output [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor].
+-   **options**: function options (_optional_).
+
+The method accepts the following options:
+
+-   **dim**: dimension over which to perform operation. If provided a negative integer, the dimension along which to perform the operation is determined by counting backward from the last dimension (where `-1` refers to the last dimension). Default: `-1`.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+## Notes
+
+-   Setting the `keepdims` option to `true` can be useful when wanting to ensure that the output [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] is [broadcast-compatible][@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes] with ndarrays having the same shape as the input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor].
+-   The output data type [policy][@stdlib/ndarray/output-dtype-policies] only applies to the main function and specifies that, by default, the function must return an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] having an integer index or "generic" [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes]. For the `assign` method, the output [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] is allowed to have any supported output [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes].
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+## Examples
+
+
+
+```javascript
+var discreteUniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/discrete-uniform' );
+var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
+var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
+var lastIndexOf = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of' );
+
+// Generate an array of random numbers:
+var xbuf = discreteUniform( 10, 0, 20, {
+    'dtype': 'float64'
+});
+
+// Wrap in an ndarray:
+var x = new ndarray( 'float64', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+console.log( ndarray2array( x ) );
+
+// Perform operation:
+var idx = lastIndexOf( x, 10.0, {
+    'dim': 0
+});
+
+// Print the results:
+console.log( ndarray2array( idx ) );
+```
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/ndarray/ctor
+
+[@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/ndarray/dtypes
+
+[@stdlib/ndarray/output-dtype-policies]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/ndarray/output-dtype-policies
+
+[@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/benchmark/benchmark.assign.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/benchmark/benchmark.assign.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a53989ce157d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/benchmark/benchmark.assign.js
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
+var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
+var pow = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/pow' );
+var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/uniform' );
+var zeros = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/zeros' );
+var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/ctor' );
+var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
+var lastIndexOf = require( './../lib' );
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var options = {
+	'dtype': 'float64'
+};
+
+
+// FUNCTIONS //
+
+/**
+* Creates a benchmark function.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} len - array length
+* @returns {Function} benchmark function
+*/
+function createBenchmark( len ) {
+	var out;
+	var x;
+
+	x = uniform( len, -50.0, 50.0, options );
+	x = new ndarray( options.dtype, x, [ len ], [ 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	out = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+
+	return benchmark;
+
+	/**
+	* Benchmark function.
+	*
+	* @private
+	* @param {Benchmark} b - benchmark instance
+	*/
+	function benchmark( b ) {
+		var o;
+		var i;
+
+		b.tic();
+		for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
+			o = lastIndexOf.assign( x, 100.0, out );
+			if ( typeof o !== 'object' ) {
+				b.fail( 'should return an ndarray' );
+			}
+		}
+		b.toc();
+		if ( isnan( o.get() ) ) {
+			b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+		}
+		b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
+		b.end();
+	}
+}
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Main execution sequence.
+*
+* @private
+*/
+function main() {
+	var len;
+	var min;
+	var max;
+	var f;
+	var i;
+
+	min = 1; // 10^min
+	max = 6; // 10^max
+
+	for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
+		len = pow( 10, i );
+		f = createBenchmark( len );
+		bench( pkg+':assign:dtype='+options.dtype+',len='+len, f );
+	}
+}
+
+main();
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/benchmark/benchmark.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/benchmark/benchmark.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5a2c3761fccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/benchmark/benchmark.js
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
+var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
+var pow = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/pow' );
+var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/uniform' );
+var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/ctor' );
+var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
+var lastIndexOf = require( './../lib' );
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var options = {
+	'dtype': 'float64'
+};
+
+
+// FUNCTIONS //
+
+/**
+* Creates a benchmark function.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} len - array length
+* @returns {Function} benchmark function
+*/
+function createBenchmark( len ) {
+	var x = uniform( len, -50.0, 50.0, options );
+	x = new ndarray( options.dtype, x, [ len ], [ 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	return benchmark;
+
+	/**
+	* Benchmark function.
+	*
+	* @private
+	* @param {Benchmark} b - benchmark instance
+	*/
+	function benchmark( b ) {
+		var o;
+		var i;
+
+		b.tic();
+		for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
+			o = lastIndexOf( x, 100.0 );
+			if ( typeof o !== 'object' ) {
+				b.fail( 'should return an ndarray' );
+			}
+		}
+		b.toc();
+		if ( isnan( o.get() ) ) {
+			b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+		}
+		b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
+		b.end();
+	}
+}
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Main execution sequence.
+*
+* @private
+*/
+function main() {
+	var len;
+	var min;
+	var max;
+	var f;
+	var i;
+
+	min = 1; // 10^min
+	max = 6; // 10^max
+
+	for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
+		len = pow( 10, i );
+		f = createBenchmark( len );
+		bench( pkg+':dtype='+options.dtype+',len='+len, f );
+	}
+}
+
+main();
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/docs/repl.txt b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/docs/repl.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bb2f94849667
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/docs/repl.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+
+{{alias}}( x, searchElement[, fromIndex][, options] )
+    Returns the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray
+    dimension.
+
+    When searching for a search element, the function checks for equality using
+    the strict equality operator `===`. As a consequence, `NaN` values are
+    considered distinct, and `-0` and `+0` are considered the same.
+
+    If unable to find a search element along an ndarray dimension, the
+    corresponding element in the returned ndarray is `-1`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x: ndarray
+        Input array. Must have at least one dimension.
+
+    searchElement: ndarray|any
+        Search element. May be either a scalar value or an ndarray. If provided
+        a scalar value, the value is cast to the data type of the input ndarray.
+        If provided an ndarray, the value must have a shape which is broadcast
+        compatible with the non-reduced dimensions of the input ndarray. For
+        example, given the input shape `[2, 3, 4]` and `options.dim=0`, the
+        search element ndarray must have a shape which is broadcast-compatible
+        with the shape `[3, 4]`.
+
+    fromIndex: ndarray|integer (optional)
+        Index from which to begin searching. May be either a scalar value or an
+        ndarray having an integer or "generic" data type. If provided an ndarray
+        the value must have a shape which is broadcast compatible with the non-
+        reduced dimensions of the input ndarray. For example, given the input
+        shape `[2, 3, 4]` and `options.dim=0`, a provided ndarray must have a
+        shape which is broadcast-compatible with the shape `[3, 4]`. If provided
+        a negative integer, the index at which to begin searching along a
+        dimension is determined by counting backward from the last element
+        (where -1 refers to the last element). Default: -1.
+
+    options: Object (optional)
+        Function options.
+
+    options.dtype: string (optional)
+        Output array data type. Must be an integer index or "generic" data type.
+
+    options.dim: integer (optional)
+        Dimension over which to perform a reduction. If provided a negative
+        integer, the dimension along which to perform the operation is
+        determined by counting backward from the last dimension (where -1 refers
+        to the last dimension). Default: -1.
+
+    options.keepdims: boolean (optional)
+        Boolean indicating whether the reduced dimensions should be included in
+        the returned ndarray as singleton dimensions. Default: false.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out: ndarray
+        Output array.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    > var x = {{alias:@stdlib/ndarray/array}}( [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ] );
+    > var y = {{alias}}( x, 2.0, 3 );
+    > var v = y.get()
+    3
+
+
+{{alias}}.assign( x, searchElement[, fromIndex], out[, options] )
+    Returns the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray
+    dimension and assigns results to a provided output ndarray.
+
+    When searching for a search element, the function checks for equality using
+    the strict equality operator `===`. As a consequence, `NaN` values are
+    considered distinct, and `-0` and `+0` are considered the same.
+
+    If unable to find a search element along an ndarray dimension, the
+    corresponding element in the returned ndarray is `-1`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x: ndarray
+        Input array. Must have at least one dimension.
+
+    searchElement: ndarray|any
+        Search element. May be either a scalar value or an ndarray. If provided
+        a scalar value, the value is cast to the data type of the input ndarray.
+        If provided an ndarray, the value must have a shape which is broadcast
+        compatible with the non-reduced dimensions of the input ndarray. For
+        example, given the input shape `[2, 3, 4]` and `options.dim=0`, the
+        search element ndarray must have a shape which is broadcast-compatible
+        with the shape `[3, 4]`.
+
+    fromIndex: ndarray|integer (optional)
+        Index from which to begin searching. May be either a scalar value or an
+        ndarray having an integer or "generic" data type. If provided an ndarray
+        the value must have a shape which is broadcast compatible with the non-
+        reduced dimensions of the input ndarray. For example, given the input
+        shape `[2, 3, 4]` and `options.dim=0`, a provided ndarray must have a
+        shape which is broadcast-compatible with the shape `[3, 4]`. If provided
+        a negative integer, the index at which to begin searching along a
+        dimension is determined by counting backward from the last element
+        (where -1 refers to the last element). Default: -1.
+
+    out: ndarray
+        Output array.
+
+    options: Object (optional)
+        Function options.
+
+    options.dim: integer (optional)
+        Dimension over which to perform a reduction. If provided a negative
+        integer, the dimension along which to perform the operation is
+        determined by counting backward from the last dimension (where -1 refers
+        to the last dimension). Default: -1.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out: ndarray
+        Output array.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    > var x = {{alias:@stdlib/ndarray/array}}( [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ] );
+    > var out = {{alias:@stdlib/ndarray/zeros}}( [], { 'dtype': 'int32' } );
+    > var y = {{alias}}.assign( x, 2.0, 3, out )
+    
+    > var bool = ( out === y )
+    true
+    > var v = out.get()
+    3
+
+    See Also
+    --------
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/docs/types/index.d.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/docs/types/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..20a66bb80e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/docs/types/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+/*
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+// TypeScript Version: 4.1
+
+/// 
+
+import { IntegerIndexAndGenericDataType as DataType, typedndarray } from '@stdlib/types/ndarray';
+
+/**
+* Input array.
+*/
+type InputArray = typedndarray;
+
+/**
+* Search element.
+*/
+type SearchElement = typedndarray | T;
+
+/**
+* From index.
+*/
+type FromIndex = typedndarray | number;
+
+/**
+* Output array.
+*/
+type OutputArray = typedndarray;
+
+/**
+* Interface defining "base" options.
+*/
+interface BaseOptions {
+	/**
+	* Dimension over which to perform operation. Default: `-1`.
+	*
+	* ## Notes
+	*
+	* -   If provided a negative integer, the dimension along which to perform the operation is determined by counting backward from the last dimension (where `-1` refers to the last dimension).
+	*/
+	dim?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+* Interface defining options.
+*/
+interface Options extends BaseOptions {
+	/**
+	* Output array data type.
+	*/
+	dtype?: DataType;
+
+	/**
+	* Boolean indicating whether the reduced dimensions should be included in the returned array as singleton dimensions. Default: `false`.
+	*/
+	keepdims?: boolean;
+}
+
+
+/**
+* Interface describing `lastIndexOf`.
+*/
+interface lastIndexOf {
+	/**
+	* Returns the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray dimension.
+	*
+	* ## Notes
+	*
+	* -   When searching for a search element, the function checks for equality using the strict equality operator `===`. As a consequence, `NaN` values are considered distinct, and `-0` and `+0` are considered the same.
+	* -   If unable to find a search element along an ndarray dimension, the corresponding element in the returned ndarray is `-1`.
+	*
+	* @param x - input ndarray
+	* @param searchElement - search element
+	* @param options - function options
+	* @returns output ndarray
+	*
+	* @example
+	* var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+	*
+	* var x = array( [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ] );
+	*
+	* var y = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0 );
+	* // returns 
+	*
+	* var idx = y.get();
+	* // returns 3
+	*/
+	( x: InputArray, searchElement: SearchElement, options?: Options ): OutputArray;
+
+	/**
+	* Returns the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray dimension.
+	*
+	* ## Notes
+	*
+	* -   When searching for a search element, the function checks for equality using the strict equality operator `===`. As a consequence, `NaN` values are considered distinct, and `-0` and `+0` are considered the same.
+	* -   If unable to find a search element along an ndarray dimension, the corresponding element in the returned ndarray is `-1`.
+	*
+	* @param x - input ndarray
+	* @param searchElement - search element
+	* @param fromIndex - index from which to begin searching
+	* @param options - function options
+	* @returns output ndarray
+	*
+	* @example
+	* var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+	*
+	* var x = array( [ 1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0 ] );
+	*
+	* var y = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 5 );
+	* // returns 
+	*
+	* var idx = y.get();
+	* // returns 3
+	*/
+	( x: InputArray, searchElement: SearchElement, fromIndex: FromIndex, options?: Options ): OutputArray;
+
+	/**
+	* Returns the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray dimension and assigns results to a provided output ndarray.
+	*
+	* ## Notes
+	*
+	* -   When searching for a search element, the function checks for equality using the strict equality operator `===`. As a consequence, `NaN` values are considered distinct, and `-0` and `+0` are considered the same.
+	* -   If unable to find a search element along an ndarray dimension, the corresponding element in the returned ndarray is `-1`.
+	*
+	* @param x - input ndarray
+	* @param searchElement - search element
+	* @param out - output ndarray
+	* @param options - function options
+	* @returns output ndarray
+	*
+	* @example
+	* var zeros = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/zeros' );
+	* var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+	*
+	* var x = array( [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ] );
+	* var y = zeros( [], {
+	*     'dtype': 'int32'
+	* } );
+	*
+	* var out = lastIndexOf.assign( x, 2.0, y );
+	* // returns 
+	*
+	* var bool = ( out === y );
+	* // returns true
+	*
+	* var idx = out.get();
+	* // returns 3
+	*/
+	assign( x: InputArray, searchElement: SearchElement, out: U, options?: BaseOptions ): U;
+
+	/**
+	* Returns the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray dimension and assigns results to a provided output ndarray.
+	*
+	* ## Notes
+	*
+	* -   When searching for a search element, the function checks for equality using the strict equality operator `===`. As a consequence, `NaN` values are considered distinct, and `-0` and `+0` are considered the same.
+	* -   If unable to find a search element along an ndarray dimension, the corresponding element in the returned ndarray is `-1`.
+	*
+	* @param x - input ndarray
+	* @param searchElement - search element
+	* @param fromIndex - index from which to begin searching
+	* @param out - output ndarray
+	* @param options - function options
+	* @returns output ndarray
+	*
+	* @example
+	* var zeros = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/zeros' );
+	* var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+	*
+	* var x = array( [ 1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0 ] );
+	* var y = zeros( [], {
+	*     'dtype': 'int32'
+	* } );
+	*
+	* var out = lastIndexOf.assign( x, 1.0, 5, y );
+	* // returns 
+	*
+	* var bool = ( out === y );
+	* // returns true
+	*
+	* var idx = out.get();
+	* // returns 3
+	*/
+	assign( x: InputArray, searchElement: SearchElement, fromIndex: FromIndex, out: U, options?: BaseOptions ): U;
+}
+
+/**
+* Returns the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray dimension.
+*
+* ## Notes
+*
+* -   When searching for a search element, the function checks for equality using the strict equality operator `===`. As a consequence, `NaN` values are considered distinct, and `-0` and `+0` are considered the same.
+* -   If unable to find a search element along an ndarray dimension, the corresponding element in the returned ndarray is `-1`.
+*
+* @param x - input ndarray
+* @param searchElement - search element
+* @param fromIndex - index from which to begin searching
+* @param options - function options
+* @returns output ndarray
+*
+* @example
+* var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+*
+* var x = array( [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ] );
+*
+* var y = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0 );
+* // returns 
+*
+* var idx = y.get();
+* // returns 3
+*
+* @example
+* var zeros = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/zeros' );
+* var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+*
+* var x = array( [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ] );
+* var y = zeros( x, {
+*     'dtype': 'int32'
+* } );
+*
+* var out = lastIndexOf.assign( x, 2.0, y );
+* // returns 
+*
+* var bool = ( out === y );
+* // returns true
+*
+* var idx = out.get();
+* // returns 3
+*/
+declare const lastIndexOf: lastIndexOf;
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+export = lastIndexOf;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/docs/types/test.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/docs/types/test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f62571f0617a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/docs/types/test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+/*
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-unused-expressions, space-in-parens */
+
+/// 
+
+import zeros = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/zeros' );
+import lastIndexOf = require( './index' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+// The function returns an ndarray...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0 ); // $ExpectType OutputArray
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 1 ); // $ExpectType OutputArray
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, {} ); // $ExpectType OutputArray
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 1, {} ); // $ExpectType OutputArray
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a first argument which is not an ndarray...
+{
+	lastIndexOf( '5', 0.0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( 5, 0.0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( true, 0.0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( false, 0.0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( null, 0.0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( void 0, 0.0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( {}, 0.0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( ( x: number ): number => x, 0.0 ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( '5', 0.0, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( 5, 0.0, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( true, 0.0, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( false, 0.0, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( null, 0.0, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( void 0, 0.0, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( {}, 0.0, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( ( x: number ): number => x, 0.0, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( '5', 0.0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( 5, 0.0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( true, 0.0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( false, 0.0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( null, 0.0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( void 0, 0.0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( {}, 0.0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( ( x: number ): number => x, 0.0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( '5', 0.0, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( 5, 0.0, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( true, 0.0, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( false, 0.0, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( null, 0.0, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( void 0, 0.0, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( {}, 0.0, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( ( x: number ): number => x, 0.0, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a search element argument which is not an ndarray or scalar value having the same "type"...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, '5' ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, true ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, false ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, [] ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, '5', 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, true, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, false, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, [], 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, ( x: number ): number => x, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, '5', {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, true, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, false, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, [], {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, ( x: number ): number => x, {} ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, '5', 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, true, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, false, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, [], 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a from index argument which is not an ndarray or an integer value...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, '5' ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, true ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, false ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, [] ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, '5' ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, true ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, false ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, [] ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, '5', {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, true, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, false, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, [], {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, ( x: number ): number => x, {} ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, '5', {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, true, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, false, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, [], {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, ( x: number ): number => x, {} ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an options argument which is not an object...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, '5' ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, true ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, false ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, [] ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, '5' ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, true ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, false ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, null ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, [] ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an invalid `dtype` option...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dtype': '5' } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dtype': 5 } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dtype': true } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dtype': false } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dtype': null } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dtype': [] } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dtype': {} } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dtype': ( x: number ): number => x } ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dtype': '5' } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dtype': 5 } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dtype': true } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dtype': false } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dtype': null } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dtype': [] } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dtype': {} } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dtype': ( x: number ): number => x } ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an invalid `dim` option...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dim': '5' } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dim': true } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dim': false } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dim': null } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dim': [] } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dim': {} } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'dim': ( x: number ): number => x } ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dim': '5' } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dim': true } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dim': false } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dim': null } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dim': [] } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dim': {} } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'dim': ( x: number ): number => x } ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an invalid `keepdims` option...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'keepdims': '5' } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'keepdims': 5 } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'keepdims': null } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'keepdims': {} } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, { 'keepdims': ( x: number ): number => x } ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'keepdims': '5' } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'keepdims': 5 } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'keepdims': null } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'keepdims': {} } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, { 'keepdims': ( x: number ): number => x } ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an unsupported number of arguments...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf(); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf( x, 0.0, 0, {}, {} ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// Attached to the function is an `assign` method which returns an ndarray...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	const y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y ); // $ExpectType int32ndarray
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, {} ); // $ExpectType int32ndarray
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y ); // $ExpectType int32ndarray
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, {} ); // $ExpectType int32ndarray
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `assign` method is provided a first argument which is not an ndarray...
+{
+	const y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( '5', 0.0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( 5, 0.0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( true, 0.0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( false, 0.0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( null, 0.0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( void 0, 0.0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( {}, 0.0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( ( x: number ): number => x, 0.0, y ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( '5', 0.0, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( 5, 0.0, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( true, 0.0, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( false, 0.0, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( null, 0.0, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( void 0, 0.0, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( {}, 0.0, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( ( x: number ): number => x, 0.0, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( '5', 0.0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( 5, 0.0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( true, 0.0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( false, 0.0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( null, 0.0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( void 0, 0.0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( {}, 0.0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( ( x: number ): number => x, 0.0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( '5', 0.0, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( 5, 0.0, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( true, 0.0, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( false, 0.0, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( null, 0.0, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( void 0, 0.0, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( {}, 0.0, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( ( x: number ): number => x, 0.0, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `assign` method is provided a search element argument which is not an ndarray or scalar value having the same "type"...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	const y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, '5', y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, true, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, false, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, {}, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, ( x: number ): number => x, y ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, '5', 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, true, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, false, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, {}, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, '5', y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, true, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, false, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, {}, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, ( x: number ): number => x, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, '5', 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, true, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, false, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, {}, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `assign` method is provided a from index argument which is not an ndarray or an integer value...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	const y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, '5', y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, true, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, false, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, null, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, void 0, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, {}, y ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, ( x: number ): number => x, y ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, '5', y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, true, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, false, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, null, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, void 0, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, {}, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, ( x: number ): number => x, y, {} ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `assign` method is provided an output argument which is not an ndarray...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, '5' ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 5 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, true ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, false ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, null ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, void 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, '5', {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 5, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, true, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, false, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, null, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, void 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, ( x: number ): number => x, {} ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, '5' ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, 5 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, true ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, false ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, null ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, void 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, '5', {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, 5, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, true, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, false, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, null, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, void 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, {} ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `assign` method is provided an options argument which is not an object...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	const y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, '5' ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, true ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, false ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, null ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, [] ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, '5' ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, true ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, false ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, null ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, [] ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `assign` method is provided an invalid `dim` option...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	const y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, { 'dim': '5' } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, { 'dim': true } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, { 'dim': false } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, { 'dim': null } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, { 'dim': [] } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, { 'dim': {} } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, y, { 'dim': ( x: number ): number => x } ); // $ExpectError
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, { 'dim': '5' } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, { 'dim': true } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, { 'dim': false } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, { 'dim': null } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, { 'dim': [] } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, { 'dim': {} } ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, { 'dim': ( x: number ): number => x } ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `assign` method is provided an unsupported number of arguments...
+{
+	const x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	const y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+
+	lastIndexOf.assign(); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0 ); // $ExpectError
+	lastIndexOf.assign( x, 0.0, 1, y, {}, {} ); // $ExpectError
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/examples/index.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/examples/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8902d4a187e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/examples/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+var discreteUniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/discrete-uniform' );
+var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
+var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
+var lastIndexOf = require( './../lib' );
+
+// Generate an array of random numbers:
+var xbuf = discreteUniform( 10, 0, 20, {
+	'dtype': 'float64'
+});
+
+// Wrap in an ndarray:
+var x = new ndarray( 'float64', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+console.log( ndarray2array( x ) );
+
+// Perform operation:
+var idx = lastIndexOf( x, 10.0, {
+	'dim': 0
+});
+
+// Print the results:
+console.log( ndarray2array( idx ) );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/assign.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/assign.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c7b76d21f878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/assign.js
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var hasOwnProp = require( '@stdlib/assert/has-own-property' );
+var isPlainObject = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-plain-object' );
+var isInteger = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-integer' ).isPrimitive;
+var isndarrayLike = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-ndarray-like' );
+var broadcastScalar = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-scalar' );
+var maybeBroadcastArray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/maybe-broadcast-array' );
+var getDType = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/dtype' );
+var getShape = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/shape' );
+var getOrder = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/order' );
+var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
+var defaults = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/defaults' );
+var nonCoreShape = require( './non_core_shape.js' );
+var base = require( './base.js' ).assign;
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var DEFAULT_DTYPE = defaults.get( 'dtypes.integer_index' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Returns the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray dimension and assigns the results to a provided output ndarray.
+*
+* @param {ndarrayLike} x - input ndarray
+* @param {(ndarrayLike|*)} searchElement - search element
+* @param {(ndarrayLike|integer)} [fromIndex=-1] - index from which to begin searching
+* @param {ndarrayLike} out - output ndarray
+* @param {Options} [options] - function options
+* @param {integer} [options.dim=-1] - dimension over which to perform operation
+* @throws {TypeError} function must be provided at least three arguments
+* @throws {TypeError} first argument must be an ndarray-like object
+* @throws {TypeError} third argument must be either an ndarray-like object or an integer
+* @throws {TypeError} output argument must be an ndarray-like object
+* @throws {TypeError} options argument must be an object
+* @throws {RangeError} dimension index must not exceed input ndarray bounds
+* @throws {RangeError} first argument must have at least one dimension
+* @throws {Error} must provide valid options
+* @returns {ndarray} output ndarray
+*
+* @example
+* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+* var zeros = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/zeros' );
+* var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
+* var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
+*
+* // Create data buffers:
+* var xbuf = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0 ] );
+*
+* // Define the shape of the input array:
+* var shape = [ 2, 3 ];
+*
+* // Define the array strides:
+* var strides = [ 3, 1 ];
+*
+* // Define the index offset:
+* var offset = 0;
+*
+* // Create an input ndarray:
+* var x = new ndarray( 'float64', xbuf, shape, strides, offset, 'row-major' );
+*
+* // Create an output ndarray:
+* var y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+*     'dtype': 'int32'
+* });
+*
+* // Perform operation:
+* var out = assign( x, 2.0, y );
+* // returns 
+*
+* var bool = ( out === y );
+* // returns true
+*
+* var arr = ndarray2array( out );
+* // returns [ 1, 0 ]
+*/
+function assign( x, searchElement, fromIndex, out ) {
+	var hasOptions;
+	var options;
+	var nargs;
+	var opts;
+	var fidx;
+	var iflg;
+	var ord;
+	var dt;
+	var sh;
+	var v;
+	var o;
+
+	nargs = arguments.length;
+	if ( !isndarrayLike( x ) ) {
+		throw new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. First argument must be an ndarray. Value: `%s`.', x ) );
+	}
+	if ( nargs < 2 ) {
+		throw new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. Second argument must be either an ndarray or a scalar value. Value: `%s`.', searchElement ) );
+	}
+	if ( nargs < 3 ) {
+		throw new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. Third argument must be an ndarray. Value: `%s`.', fromIndex ) );
+	}
+	// Resolve input ndarray meta data:
+	dt = getDType( x );
+	ord = getOrder( x );
+
+	// Initialize an options object:
+	opts = {
+		'dims': [ -1 ] // default behavior is to perform a reduction over the last dimension
+	};
+
+	// Initialize the `fromIndex` to the last element along a dimension:
+	fidx = -1;
+
+	// Initialize a flag indicating whether the `fromIndex` argument is a scalar:
+	iflg = true;
+
+	// Initialize a flag indicating whether an `options` argument was provided:
+	hasOptions = false;
+
+	// Case: assign( x, search_element, out )
+	if ( nargs === 3 ) {
+		o = fromIndex;
+	}
+	// Case: assign( x, search_element, ???, ??? )
+	else if ( nargs === 4 ) {
+		// Case: assign( x, search_element, from_index, out )
+		if ( isndarrayLike( out ) ) {
+			o = out;
+
+			// Case: assign( x, search_element, from_index_scalar, out )
+			if ( isInteger( fromIndex ) ) {
+				fidx = fromIndex;
+			}
+			// Case: assign( x, search_element, from_index_ndarray, out )
+			else if ( isndarrayLike( fromIndex ) ) {
+				fidx = fromIndex;
+				iflg = false;
+			}
+			// Case: assign( x, search_element, ???, out )
+			else {
+				throw new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. Third argument must be either an ndarray or an integer. Value: `%s`.', fromIndex ) );
+			}
+		}
+		// Case: assign( x, search_element, out, options )
+		else {
+			o = fromIndex;
+			options = out;
+			hasOptions = true;
+		}
+	}
+	// Case: assign( x, search_element, from_index, out, options )
+	else { // nargs > 4
+		// Case: assign( x, search_element, from_index_scalar, out, options )
+		if ( isInteger( fromIndex ) ) {
+			fidx = fromIndex;
+		}
+		// Case: assign( x, search_element, from_index_ndarray, out, options )
+		else if ( isndarrayLike( fromIndex ) ) {
+			fidx = fromIndex;
+			iflg = false;
+		}
+		// Case: assign( x, search_element, ???, out, options )
+		else {
+			throw new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. Third argument must be either an ndarray or an integer. Value: `%s`.', fromIndex ) );
+		}
+		o = out;
+		options = arguments[ 4 ];
+		hasOptions = true;
+	}
+	if ( hasOptions ) {
+		if ( !isPlainObject( options ) ) {
+			throw new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. Options argument must be an object. Value: `%s`.', options ) );
+		}
+		// Resolve provided options...
+		if ( hasOwnProp( options, 'dim' ) ) {
+			opts.dims[ 0 ] = options.dim;
+		}
+	}
+	// Resolve the list of non-reduced dimensions:
+	sh = getShape( x );
+	if ( sh.length < 1 ) {
+		throw new RangeError( 'invalid argument. First argument must have at least one dimension.' );
+	}
+	sh = nonCoreShape( sh, opts.dims );
+
+	// Broadcast the search element to match the shape of the non-reduced dimensions...
+	if ( isndarrayLike( searchElement ) ) {
+		v = maybeBroadcastArray( searchElement, sh );
+	} else {
+		v = broadcastScalar( searchElement, dt, sh, ord ); // WARNING: potential for undesired value casting (e.g., if `searchElement` is `null` and cast to `float64`, the broadcasted scalar will be `0`, not `null`!)
+	}
+	// Broadcast the `fromIndex` to match the shape of the non-reduced dimensions...
+	if ( iflg ) {
+		fidx = broadcastScalar( fidx, DEFAULT_DTYPE, sh, ord );
+	} else {
+		fidx = maybeBroadcastArray( fidx, sh );
+	}
+	return base( x, v, fidx, o, opts );
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = assign;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/base.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/base.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0ba7efc0ad6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/base.js
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var dtypes = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes' );
+var glastIndexOf = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ndarray/glast-index-of' );
+var dlastIndexOf = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ndarray/dlast-index-of' );
+var slastIndexOf = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ndarray/slast-index-of' );
+var factory = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/unary-reduce-strided1d-dispatch-factory' );
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var idtypes0 = dtypes( 'all' ); // input ndarray
+var idtypes1 = dtypes( 'all' ); // search element ndarray
+var idtypes2 = dtypes( 'integer_index_and_generic' ); // from index ndarray
+var odtypes = dtypes( 'integer_index_and_generic' );
+var policies = {
+	'output': 'integer_index_and_generic',
+	'casting': 'none'
+};
+var table = {
+	'types': [
+		'float64',
+		'float32'
+
+		// FIXME: add specialized support for `clastIndexOf` and `zlastIndexOf` once the corresponding packages are implemented
+	],
+	'fcns': [
+		dlastIndexOf,
+		slastIndexOf
+	],
+	'default': glastIndexOf
+};
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Returns the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray dimension.
+*
+* @private
+* @name lastIndexOf
+* @type {Function}
+* @param {ndarrayLike} x - input ndarray
+* @param {ndarrayLike} searchElement - search element
+* @param {ndarrayLike} fromIndex - indices from which to begin searching
+* @param {Options} [options] - function options
+* @param {IntegerArray} [options.dims] - list of dimensions over which to perform operation
+* @param {string} [options.dtype] - output ndarray data type
+* @throws {TypeError} first argument must be an ndarray-like object
+* @throws {TypeError} second argument must be either an ndarray-like object
+* @throws {TypeError} third argument must be either an ndarray-like object
+* @throws {TypeError} options argument must be an object
+* @throws {RangeError} dimension indices must not exceed input ndarray bounds
+* @throws {RangeError} number of dimension indices must not exceed the number of input ndarray dimensions
+* @throws {Error} must provide valid options
+* @returns {ndarray} output ndarray
+*
+* @example
+* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+* var scalar2ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/from-scalar' );
+* var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
+*
+* // Create a data buffer:
+* var xbuf = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0 ] );
+*
+* // Define the shape of the input array:
+* var sh = [ 6 ];
+*
+* // Define the array strides:
+* var sx = [ 1 ];
+*
+* // Define the index offset:
+* var ox = 0;
+*
+* // Create an input ndarray:
+* var x = new ndarray( 'float64', xbuf, sh, sx, ox, 'row-major' );
+*
+* // Create a search element ndarray:
+* var searchElement = scalar2ndarray( 2.0, {
+*     'dtype': 'float64'
+* })
+*
+* // Create a from index ndarray:
+* var fromIndex = scalar2ndarray( -1, {
+*     'dtype': 'int32'
+* })
+*
+* // Perform operation:
+* var out = lastIndexOf( x, searchElement, fromIndex );
+* // returns 
+*
+* var idx = out.get();
+* // returns 3
+*/
+var lastIndexOf = factory( table, [ idtypes0, idtypes1, idtypes2 ], odtypes, policies ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = lastIndexOf;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/index.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..094c1eaaa42a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+* Return the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray dimension.
+*
+* @module @stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of
+*
+* @example
+* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+* var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
+* var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
+* var lastIndexOf = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of' );
+*
+* // Create a data buffer:
+* var xbuf = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0 ] );
+*
+* // Define the shape of the input array:
+* var sh = [ 2, 3 ];
+*
+* // Define the array strides:
+* var sx = [ 3, 1 ];
+*
+* // Define the index offset:
+* var ox = 0;
+*
+* // Create an input ndarray:
+* var x = new ndarray( 'float64', xbuf, sh, sx, ox, 'row-major' );
+*
+* // Perform operation:
+* var out = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0 );
+* // returns 
+*
+* var arr = ndarray2array( out );
+* // returns [ 1, 0 ]
+*/
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var setReadOnly = require( '@stdlib/utils/define-nonenumerable-read-only-property' );
+var main = require( './main.js' );
+var assign = require( './assign.js' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+setReadOnly( main, 'assign', assign );
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = main;
+
+// exports: { "assign": "main.assign" }
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/main.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..510f4f8020a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var hasOwnProp = require( '@stdlib/assert/has-own-property' );
+var isPlainObject = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-plain-object' );
+var isInteger = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-integer' ).isPrimitive;
+var isndarrayLike = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-ndarray-like' );
+var broadcastScalar = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-scalar' );
+var maybeBroadcastArray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/maybe-broadcast-array' );
+var getDType = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/dtype' );
+var getShape = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/shape' );
+var getOrder = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/order' );
+var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
+var defaults = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/defaults' );
+var nonCoreShape = require( './non_core_shape.js' );
+var base = require( './base.js' );
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var DEFAULT_DTYPE = defaults.get( 'dtypes.integer_index' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Returns the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray dimension.
+*
+* @param {ndarrayLike} x - input ndarray
+* @param {(ndarrayLike|*)} searchElement - search element
+* @param {(ndarrayLike|integer)} [fromIndex=-1] - index from which to begin searching
+* @param {Options} [options] - function options
+* @param {integer} [options.dim=-1] - dimension over which to perform operation
+* @param {boolean} [options.keepdims=false] - boolean indicating whether the reduced dimensions should be included in the returned ndarray as singleton dimensions
+* @param {string} [options.dtype] - output ndarray data type
+* @throws {TypeError} first argument must be an ndarray-like object
+* @throws {TypeError} second argument must be either an ndarray-like object or a scalar value
+* @throws {TypeError} third argument must be either an ndarray-like object or an integer
+* @throws {TypeError} options argument must be an object
+* @throws {RangeError} dimension index must not exceed input ndarray bounds
+* @throws {RangeError} first argument must have at least one dimension
+* @throws {Error} must provide valid options
+* @returns {ndarray} output ndarray
+*
+* @example
+* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+* var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
+* var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
+*
+* // Create a data buffer:
+* var xbuf = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0 ] );
+*
+* // Define the shape of the input array:
+* var sh = [ 2, 3 ];
+*
+* // Define the array strides:
+* var sx = [ 3, 1 ];
+*
+* // Define the index offset:
+* var ox = 0;
+*
+* // Create an input ndarray:
+* var x = new ndarray( 'float64', xbuf, sh, sx, ox, 'row-major' );
+*
+* // Perform operation:
+* var out = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0 );
+* // returns 
+*
+* var arr = ndarray2array( out );
+* // returns [ 1, 0 ]
+*/
+function lastIndexOf( x, searchElement, fromIndex ) {
+	var hasOptions;
+	var options;
+	var nargs;
+	var opts;
+	var fidx;
+	var iflg;
+	var ord;
+	var dt;
+	var sh;
+	var v;
+
+	nargs = arguments.length;
+	if ( !isndarrayLike( x ) ) {
+		throw new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. First argument must be an ndarray. Value: `%s`.', x ) );
+	}
+	if ( nargs < 2 ) {
+		throw new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. Second argument must be either an ndarray or a scalar value. Value: `%s`.', searchElement ) );
+	}
+	// Resolve input ndarray meta data:
+	dt = getDType( x );
+	ord = getOrder( x );
+
+	// Initialize an options object:
+	opts = {
+		'dims': [ -1 ], // default behavior is to perform a reduction over the last dimension
+		'keepdims': false
+	};
+
+	// Initialize the `fromIndex` to the last element along a dimension:
+	fidx = -1;
+
+	// Initialize a flag indicating whether the `fromIndex` argument is a scalar:
+	iflg = true;
+
+	// Initialize a flag indicating whether an `options` argument was provided:
+	hasOptions = false;
+
+	// Case: lastIndexOf( x, search_element, ??? )
+	if ( nargs === 3 ) {
+		// Case: lastIndexOf( x, search_element, from_index_scalar )
+		if ( isInteger( fromIndex ) ) {
+			fidx = fromIndex;
+		}
+		// Case: lastIndexOf( x, search_element, from_index_ndarray )
+		else if ( isndarrayLike( fromIndex ) ) {
+			fidx = fromIndex;
+			iflg = false;
+		}
+		// Case: lastIndexOf( x, search_element, options )
+		else {
+			options = fromIndex;
+			hasOptions = true;
+		}
+	}
+	// Case: lastIndexOf( x, search_element, from_index, options )
+	else if ( nargs > 3 ) {
+		// Case: lastIndexOf( x, search_element, from_index_scalar, options )
+		if ( isInteger( fromIndex ) ) {
+			fidx = fromIndex;
+		}
+		// Case: lastIndexOf( x, search_element, from_index_ndarray, options )
+		else if ( isndarrayLike( fromIndex ) ) {
+			fidx = fromIndex;
+			iflg = false;
+		}
+		// Case: lastIndexOf( x, search_element, ???, options )
+		else {
+			throw new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. Third argument must be either an ndarray or an integer. Value: `%s`.', fromIndex ) );
+		}
+		options = arguments[ 3 ];
+		hasOptions = true;
+	}
+	if ( hasOptions ) {
+		if ( !isPlainObject( options ) ) {
+			throw new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. Options argument must be an object. Value: `%s`.', options ) );
+		}
+		// Resolve provided options...
+		if ( hasOwnProp( options, 'dim' ) ) {
+			opts.dims[ 0 ] = options.dim;
+		}
+		if ( hasOwnProp( options, 'keepdims' ) ) {
+			opts.keepdims = options.keepdims;
+		}
+		if ( hasOwnProp( options, 'dtype' ) ) {
+			opts.dtype = options.dtype;
+		}
+	}
+	// Resolve the list of non-reduced dimensions:
+	sh = getShape( x );
+	if ( sh.length < 1 ) {
+		throw new RangeError( 'invalid argument. First argument must have at least one dimension.' );
+	}
+	sh = nonCoreShape( sh, opts.dims );
+
+	// Broadcast the search element to match the shape of the non-reduced dimensions...
+	if ( isndarrayLike( searchElement ) ) {
+		v = maybeBroadcastArray( searchElement, sh );
+	} else {
+		v = broadcastScalar( searchElement, dt, sh, ord ); // WARNING: potential for undesired value casting (e.g., if `searchElement` is `null` and cast to `float64`, the broadcasted scalar will be `0`, not `null`!)
+	}
+	// Broadcast the `fromIndex` to match the shape of the non-reduced dimensions...
+	if ( iflg ) {
+		fidx = broadcastScalar( fidx, DEFAULT_DTYPE, sh, ord );
+	} else {
+		fidx = maybeBroadcastArray( fidx, sh );
+	}
+	return base( x, v, fidx, opts );
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = lastIndexOf;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/non_core_shape.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/non_core_shape.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..07e99731e89f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/lib/non_core_shape.js
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var normalizeIndices = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/to-unique-normalized-indices' );
+var indicesComplement = require( '@stdlib/array/base/indices-complement' );
+var takeIndexed = require( '@stdlib/array/base/take-indexed' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Returns the shape defined by the dimensions which are **not** included in a list of dimensions.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {NonNegativeIntegerArray} shape - input ndarray
+* @param {IntegerArray} dims - list of dimensions
+* @returns {NonNegativeIntegerArray} shape
+*/
+function nonCoreShape( shape, dims ) { // TODO: consider moving to a `@stdlib/ndarray/base` utility
+	var ind = normalizeIndices( dims, shape.length-1 );
+	if ( ind === null ) {
+		// Note: this is an error condition, as `null` is returned when provided out-of-bounds indices...
+		return [];
+	}
+	return takeIndexed( shape, indicesComplement( shape.length, ind ) );
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = nonCoreShape;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/package.json b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..44abb267a895
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+  "name": "@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of",
+  "version": "0.0.0",
+  "description": "Return the last index of a specified search element along an ndarray dimension.",
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "The Stdlib Authors",
+    "url": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/graphs/contributors"
+  },
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "The Stdlib Authors",
+      "url": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/graphs/contributors"
+    }
+  ],
+  "main": "./lib",
+  "directories": {
+    "benchmark": "./benchmark",
+    "doc": "./docs",
+    "example": "./examples",
+    "lib": "./lib",
+    "test": "./test"
+  },
+  "types": "./docs/types",
+  "scripts": {},
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib.git"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/issues"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "devDependencies": {},
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10.0",
+    "npm": ">2.7.0"
+  },
+  "os": [
+    "aix",
+    "darwin",
+    "freebsd",
+    "linux",
+    "macos",
+    "openbsd",
+    "sunos",
+    "win32",
+    "windows"
+  ],
+  "keywords": [
+    "stdlib",
+    "blas",
+    "find",
+    "findlast",
+    "index",
+    "lastindex",
+    "search",
+    "searchlast",
+    "element",
+    "array",
+    "ndarray"
+  ],
+  "__stdlib__": {}
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/test/test.assign.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/test/test.assign.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c4135da1f879
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/test/test.assign.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1724 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var isndarrayLike = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-ndarray-like' );
+var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
+var zeros = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/zeros' );
+var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
+var scalar2ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/from-scalar' );
+var Int32Array = require( '@stdlib/array/int32' );
+var getDType = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/dtype' );
+var getShape = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/shape' );
+var getOrder = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/order' );
+var lastIndexOf = require( './../lib' ).assign;
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
+	t.ok( true, __filename );
+	t.strictEqual( typeof lastIndexOf, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0, y );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), y );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0, 0, y );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), 0, y );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0, scalar2ndarray( 0, opts ), y );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), scalar2ndarray( 0, opts ), y ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0, y, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), y, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=scalar, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0, 0, y, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=scalar, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), 0, y, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=ndarray, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0, scalar2ndarray( 0, opts ), y, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=ndarray, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), scalar2ndarray( 0, opts ), y, {} ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is a zero-dimensional ndarray', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var y;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		scalar2ndarray( 10.0 ),
+		scalar2ndarray( -3.0 ),
+		scalar2ndarray( 0.0 )
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), RangeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), scalar2ndarray( 0, opts ), y, {} ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a third argument which is not an ndarray-like object, an integer, or an object', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	y = zeros( [], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), value, y, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an output argument which is not an ndarray-like object', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var x;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an output argument which is not an ndarray-like object (options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var x;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, value, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an output argument which is not an ndarray-like object (fromIndex)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var x;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an output argument which is not an ndarray-like object (fromIndex, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+	var x;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, value, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided insufficient number of arguments', function test( t ) {
+	var x;
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	t.throws( badValue1, TypeError, 'throws an error when provided insufficient arguments' );
+	t.throws( badValue2, TypeError, 'throws an error when provided insufficient arguments' );
+	t.throws( badValue3, TypeError, 'throws an error when provided insufficient arguments' );
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue1() {
+		lastIndexOf( x );
+	}
+
+	function badValue2() {
+		lastIndexOf( x, 10.0 );
+	}
+
+	function badValue3() {
+		lastIndexOf();
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a search element which is not broadcast-compatible with the first argument', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		zeros( [ 4 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 2, 2, 2 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 0 ], opts )
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), Error, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, value, y );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an search element which is not broadcast-compatible with the first argument (options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		zeros( [ 4 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 2, 2, 2 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 0 ], opts )
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), Error, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, value, y, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a from index which is not broadcast-compatible with the first argument', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		zeros( [ 4 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 2, 2, 2 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 0 ], opts )
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), Error, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 0 ), value, y );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a from index which is not broadcast-compatible with the first argument (options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		zeros( [ 4 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 2, 2, 2 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 0 ], opts )
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), Error, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 0 ), value, y, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 10.0, y, value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 10.0, opts ), y, value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 10.0, 0, y, value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 10.0, opts ), scalar2ndarray( 0, opts ), y, value ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 10.0, scalar2ndarray( 0, opts ), y, value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 10.0, opts ), 0, y, value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a `dim` option which is not an integer', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+	y = zeros( [], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[ 'a' ],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 10.0, y, {
+				'dim': value
+			});
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function returns the last index of a specified search element in an ndarray (row-major)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'row-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, y );
+	expected = [ 1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'row-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, y );
+	expected = [ -1, -1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function returns the last index of a specified search element in an ndarray (column-major)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, y );
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, y );
+	expected = [ -1, 0 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports specifying an operation dimension (row-major)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'row-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, y, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'row-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, y, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 0 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'row-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, y, {
+		'dim': 1
+	});
+	expected = [ 1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'row-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, y, {
+		'dim': 1
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, -1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports specifying an operation dimension (column-major)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, y, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ 1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, y, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, -1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, y, {
+		'dim': 1
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, y, {
+		'dim': 1
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 0 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*    -1.0,  2.0, -3.0,  2.0, -5.0,
+	*     6.0, -7.0,  2.0, -8.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 5, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, y );
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, -3.0, -5.0, -7.0, -8.0,
+	*      2.0,  2.0,  6.0,  2.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, y );
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (scalar, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*    -1.0,  2.0, -3.0,  2.0, -5.0,
+	*     6.0, -7.0,  2.0, -8.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 5, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, y, {} );
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, -3.0, -5.0, -7.0, -8.0,
+	*      2.0,  2.0,  6.0,  2.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, y, {} );
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (0d ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var fromIdx;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*    -1.0,  2.0, -3.0,  2.0, -5.0,
+	*     6.0, -7.0,  2.0, -8.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 5, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	fromIdx = scalar2ndarray( 2, {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx, y );
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, -3.0, -5.0, -7.0, -8.0,
+	*      2.0,  2.0,  6.0,  2.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx, y );
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (0d ndarray, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var fromIdx;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*    -1.0,  2.0, -3.0,  2.0, -5.0,
+	*     6.0, -7.0,  2.0, -8.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 5, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	fromIdx = scalar2ndarray( 2, {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx, y, {} );
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, -3.0, -5.0, -7.0, -8.0,
+	*      2.0,  2.0,  6.0,  2.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx, y, {} );
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (scalar, broadcasted)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, 2.0,
+	*     -3.0, 2.0,
+	*     -5.0, 6.0,
+	*     -7.0, 2.0,
+	*     -8.0, 2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, y, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0,  6.0,
+	*      2.0, -7.0,
+	*     -3.0,  2.0,
+	*      2.0, -8.0,
+	*     -5.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 1, 5 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, y, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (0d ndarray, broadcasted)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var fromIdx;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, 2.0,
+	*     -3.0, 2.0,
+	*     -5.0, 6.0,
+	*     -7.0, 2.0,
+	*     -8.0, 2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	fromIdx = scalar2ndarray( 2, {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx, y, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0,  6.0,
+	*      2.0, -7.0,
+	*     -3.0,  2.0,
+	*      2.0, -8.0,
+	*     -5.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 1, 5 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic',
+		'order': 'column-major'
+	});
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx, y, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var searchElement;
+	var expected;
+	var fromIdx;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var y;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     1.0, -2.0,
+	*     2.0, -3.0,
+	*     3.0, -4.0,
+	*     2.0, -3.0,
+	*     5.0, -6.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0, -3.0, 3.0, -4.0, 2.0, -3.0, 5.0, -6.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	y = zeros( [ 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	fromIdx = new ndarray( 'int32', new Int32Array( [ 4, 4 ] ), [ 2 ], [ 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	searchElement = new ndarray( 'generic', [ 2.0, -3.0 ], [ 2 ], [ 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, searchElement, fromIdx, y, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ 3, 3 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( ( y === actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/test/test.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/test/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4fe1c767f746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/test/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var isMethod = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-method' );
+var lastIndexOf = require( './../lib' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
+	t.ok( true, __filename );
+	t.strictEqual( typeof lastIndexOf, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'attached to the main export is an `assign` method', function test( t ) {
+	t.strictEqual( isMethod( lastIndexOf, 'assign' ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+});
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/test/test.main.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/test/test.main.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..04c837a19982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/last-index-of/test/test.main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1458 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var isndarrayLike = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-ndarray-like' );
+var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
+var zeros = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/zeros' );
+var Int32Array = require( '@stdlib/array/int32' );
+var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
+var scalar2ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/from-scalar' );
+var getDType = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/dtype' );
+var getShape = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/shape' );
+var getOrder = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/order' );
+var lastIndexOf = require( './../lib' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
+	t.ok( true, __filename );
+	t.strictEqual( typeof lastIndexOf, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0 );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ) );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0, 0 );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), 0 );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0, scalar2ndarray( 0, {
+				'dtype': 'generic'
+			}));
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), scalar2ndarray( 0, {
+				'dtype': 'generic'
+			}));
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=scalar, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0, 0, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=scalar, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), 0, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=ndarray, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, 2.0, scalar2ndarray( 0, {
+				'dtype': 'generic'
+			}), {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is not an ndarray-like object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=ndarray, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var i;
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), scalar2ndarray( 0, {
+				'dtype': 'generic'
+			}), {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a first argument which is a zero-dimensional ndarray', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	values = [
+		scalar2ndarray( 10.0 ),
+		scalar2ndarray( -3.0 ),
+		scalar2ndarray( 0.0 )
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), RangeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( value, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), scalar2ndarray( 0, opts ), {} ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a third argument which is not an ndarray-like object, an integer or an object', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 2.0 ), value, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided insufficient number of arguments', function test( t ) {
+	var x;
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	t.throws( badValue1, TypeError, 'throws an error when provided insufficient arguments' );
+	t.throws( badValue2, TypeError, 'throws an error when provided insufficient arguments' );
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue1() {
+		lastIndexOf( x );
+	}
+
+	function badValue2() {
+		lastIndexOf();
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a search element which is not broadcast-compatible with the first argument', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		zeros( [ 4 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 2, 2, 2 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 0 ], opts )
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), Error, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an search element which is not broadcast-compatible with the first argument (options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		zeros( [ 4 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 2, 2, 2 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 0 ], opts )
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), Error, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, value, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a from index which is not broadcast-compatible with the first argument', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		zeros( [ 4 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 2, 2, 2 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 0 ], opts )
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), Error, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 0 ), value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a from index which is not broadcast-compatible with the first argument (options)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		zeros( [ 4 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 2, 2, 2 ], opts ),
+		zeros( [ 0 ], opts )
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), Error, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 0 ), value, {} );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 10.0, value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 10.0, opts ), value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 10.0, 0, value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 10.0, opts ), scalar2ndarray( 0, opts ), value ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=scalar, fromIndex=ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 10.0, scalar2ndarray( 0, opts ), value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided an options argument which is not an object (searchElement=ndarray, fromIndex=scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var opts;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	opts = {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	};
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], opts );
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		5,
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[],
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, scalar2ndarray( 10.0, opts ), 0, value );
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a `dtype` option which is not a supported data type', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	values = [
+		'bool',
+		'float64',
+		'float32',
+		'boop'
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 10.0, {
+				'dtype': value
+			});
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function throws an error if provided a `dim` option which is not an integer', function test( t ) {
+	var values;
+	var x;
+	var i;
+
+	x = zeros( [ 2, 2 ], {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+
+	values = [
+		'5',
+		NaN,
+		true,
+		false,
+		null,
+		void 0,
+		[ 'a' ],
+		{},
+		function noop() {}
+	];
+	for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
+		t.throws( badValue( values[ i ] ), TypeError, 'throws an error when provided ' + values[ i ] );
+	}
+	t.end();
+
+	function badValue( value ) {
+		return function badValue() {
+			lastIndexOf( x, 10.0, {
+				'dim': value
+			});
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'the function returns the last index of a specified search element in an ndarray (row-major)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0 );
+	expected = [ 1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0 );
+	expected = [ -1, -1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function returns the last index of a specified search element in an ndarray (column-major)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0 );
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0 );
+	expected = [ -1, 0 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports specifying the operation dimension (row-major)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 0 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, {
+		'dim': 1
+	});
+	expected = [ 1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, {
+		'dim': 1
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, -1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports specifying the operation dimension (column-major)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ 1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, -1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, {
+		'dim': 1
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, {
+		'dim': 1
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 0 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports specifying the `keepdims` option (row-major)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, {
+		'keepdims': true
+	});
+	expected = [ [ 1 ], [ 1 ] ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2, 1 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, {
+		'keepdims': true
+	});
+	expected = [ [ -1 ], [ -1 ] ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2, 1 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports specifying the `keepdims` option (column-major)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, {
+		'keepdims': true
+	});
+	expected = [ [ -1 ], [ 1 ] ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2, 1 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, {
+		'keepdims': true
+	});
+	expected = [ [ -1 ], [ 0 ] ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2, 1 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports specifying the output array data type', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+	expected = [ 1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'int32', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 0, {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 0 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'int32', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (scalar)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*    -1.0,  2.0, -3.0,  2.0, -5.0,
+	*     6.0, -7.0,  2.0, -8.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 5, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2 );
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, -3.0, -5.0, -7.0, -8.0,
+	*      2.0,  2.0,  6.0,  2.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2 );
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (scalar, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*    -1.0,  2.0, -3.0,  2.0, -5.0,
+	*     6.0, -7.0,  2.0, -8.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 5, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, {} );
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, -3.0, -5.0, -7.0, -8.0,
+	*      2.0,  2.0,  6.0,  2.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, {} );
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (0d ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var fromIdx;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*    -1.0,  2.0, -3.0,  2.0, -5.0,
+	*     6.0, -7.0,  2.0, -8.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 5, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	fromIdx = scalar2ndarray( 2, {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx );
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, -3.0, -5.0, -7.0, -8.0,
+	*      2.0,  2.0,  6.0,  2.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx );
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (0d ndarray, options)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var fromIdx;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*    -1.0,  2.0, -3.0,  2.0, -5.0,
+	*     6.0, -7.0,  2.0, -8.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 5, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	fromIdx = scalar2ndarray( 2, {
+		'dtype': 'generic'
+	});
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx, {} );
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, -3.0, -5.0, -7.0, -8.0,
+	*      2.0,  2.0,  6.0,  2.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 2, 5 ], [ 1, 2 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx, {} );
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (scalar, broadcasted)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, 2.0,
+	*     -3.0, 2.0,
+	*     -5.0, 6.0,
+	*     -7.0, 2.0,
+	*     -8.0, 2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0,  6.0,
+	*      2.0, -7.0,
+	*     -3.0,  2.0,
+	*      2.0, -8.0,
+	*     -5.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 1, 5 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, 2, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (0d ndarray, broadcasted)', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var fromIdx;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0, 2.0,
+	*     -3.0, 2.0,
+	*     -5.0, 6.0,
+	*     -7.0, 2.0,
+	*     -8.0, 2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	fromIdx = scalar2ndarray( 2, {
+		'dtype': 'int32'
+	});
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ -1, 1 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     -1.0,  6.0,
+	*      2.0, -7.0,
+	*     -3.0,  2.0,
+	*      2.0, -8.0,
+	*     -5.0,  2.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 2.0, -5.0, 6.0, -7.0, 2.0, -8.0, 2.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 1, 5 ], 0, 'column-major' );
+
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, 2.0, fromIdx, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ 1, 2 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports providing a from index (1d ndarray)', function test( t ) {
+	var searchElement;
+	var expected;
+	var fromIdx;
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+
+	/*
+	* [
+	*     1.0, -2.0,
+	*     2.0, -3.0,
+	*     3.0, -4.0,
+	*     2.0, -3.0,
+	*     5.0, -6.0
+	* ]
+	*/
+	xbuf = [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0, -3.0, 3.0, -4.0, 2.0, -3.0, 5.0, -6.0 ];
+	x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 5, 2 ], [ 2, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+
+	fromIdx = new ndarray( 'int32', new Int32Array( [ 4, 4 ] ), [ 2 ], [ 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	searchElement = new ndarray( 'generic', [ 2.0, -3.0 ], [ 2 ], [ 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	actual = lastIndexOf( x, searchElement, fromIdx, {
+		'dim': 0
+	});
+	expected = [ 3, 3 ];
+
+	t.strictEqual( isndarrayLike( actual ), true, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getDType( actual ), 'generic', 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( getShape( actual ), [ 2 ], 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( getOrder( actual ), getOrder( x ), 'returns expected value' );
+	t.deepEqual( ndarray2array( actual ), expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});