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ipcalc.py
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ipcalc.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# pep8-ignore: E501, E241
'''
====================================
:mod:`ipcalc` IP subnet calculator
====================================
.. moduleauthor:: Wijnand Modderman-Lenstra <[email protected]>
.. note:: BSD License
About
=====
This module allows you to perform network calculations.
References
==========
References:
* http://www.estoile.com/links/ipv6.pdf
* http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space
* http://www.iana.org/assignments/multicast-addresses
* http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-address-space
* http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-tla-assignments
* http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-multicast-addresses
* http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-anycast-addresses
Thanks
======
Thanks to all who have contributed:
https://github.com/tehmaze/ipcalc/graphs/contributors
'''
__version__ = '1.1.1'
import warnings
try:
bin
except NameError:
def bin(x):
'''
Stringifies an int or long in base 2.
'''
if x < 0:
return '-%s' % bin(-x)
out = []
if x == 0:
out.append('0')
while x > 0:
out.append('01'[x & 1])
x >>= 1
out.reverse()
return '0b%s' % ''.join(out)
class IP(object):
'''
Represents a single IP address.
:param ip: the ip address
:type ip: :class:`IP` or str or long or int
>>> localhost = IP("127.0.0.1")
>>> print localhost
127.0.0.1
>>> localhost6 = IP("::1")
>>> print localhost6
0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
'''
# Hex-to-Bin conversion masks
_bitmask = {
'0': '0000', '1': '0001', '2': '0010', '3': '0011',
'4': '0100', '5': '0101', '6': '0110', '7': '0111',
'8': '1000', '9': '1001', 'a': '1010', 'b': '1011',
'c': '1100', 'd': '1101', 'e': '1110', 'f': '1111'
}
# IP range specific information, see IANA allocations.
_range = {
4: {
'01': 'CLASS A',
'10': 'CLASS B',
'110': 'CLASS C',
'1110': 'CLASS D MULTICAST',
'11100000': 'CLASS D LINKLOCAL',
'1111': 'CLASS E',
'00001010': 'PRIVATE RFC1918', # 10/8
'101011000001': 'PRIVATE RFC1918', # 172.16/12
'1100000010101000': 'PRIVATE RFC1918', # 192.168/16
},
6: {
'00000000': 'RESERVED', # ::/8
'00000001': 'UNASSIGNED', # 100::/8
'0000001': 'NSAP', # 200::/7
'0000010': 'IPX', # 400::/7
'0000011': 'UNASSIGNED', # 600::/7
'00001': 'UNASSIGNED', # 800::/5
'0001': 'UNASSIGNED', # 1000::/4
'0010000000000000': 'RESERVED', # 2000::/16 Reserved
'0010000000000001': 'ASSIGNABLE', # 2001::/16 Sub-TLA Assignments [RFC2450]
'00100000000000010000000': 'ASSIGNABLE IANA', # 2001:0000::/29 - 2001:01F8::/29 IANA
'00100000000000010000001': 'ASSIGNABLE APNIC', # 2001:0200::/29 - 2001:03F8::/29 APNIC
'00100000000000010000010': 'ASSIGNABLE ARIN', # 2001:0400::/29 - 2001:05F8::/29 ARIN
'00100000000000010000011': 'ASSIGNABLE RIPE', # 2001:0600::/29 - 2001:07F8::/29 RIPE NCC
'0010000000000010': '6TO4', # 2002::/16 "6to4" [RFC3056]
'0011111111111110': '6BONE TEST', # 3ffe::/16 6bone Testing [RFC2471]
'0011111111111111': 'RESERVED', # 3fff::/16 Reserved
'010': 'GLOBAL-UNICAST', # 4000::/3
'011': 'UNASSIGNED', # 6000::/3
'100': 'GEO-UNICAST', # 8000::/3
'101': 'UNASSIGNED', # a000::/3
'110': 'UNASSIGNED', # c000::/3
'1110': 'UNASSIGNED', # e000::/4
'11110': 'UNASSIGNED', # f000::/5
'111110': 'UNASSIGNED', # f800::/6
'1111110': 'UNASSIGNED', # fc00::/7
'111111100': 'UNASSIGNED', # fe00::/9
'1111111010': 'LINKLOCAL', # fe80::/10
'1111111011': 'SITELOCAL', # fec0::/10
'11111111': 'MULTICAST', # ff00::/8
'0' * 96: 'IPV4COMP', # ::/96
'0' * 80 + '1' * 16: 'IPV4MAP', # ::ffff:0:0/96
'0' * 128: 'UNSPECIFIED', # ::/128
'0' * 127 + '1': 'LOOPBACK' # ::1/128
}
}
def __init__(self, ip, mask=None, version=0):
self.mask = mask
self.v = 0
# Parse input
if ip is None:
raise ValueError('Can not pass None')
elif isinstance(ip, IP):
self.ip = ip.ip
self.dq = ip.dq
self.v = ip.v
self.mask = ip.mask
elif isinstance(ip, (int, long)):
self.ip = long(ip)
if self.ip <= 0xffffffff:
self.v = version or 4
self.dq = self._itodq(ip)
else:
self.v = version or 6
self.dq = self._itodq(ip)
else:
# If string is in CIDR or netmask notation
if '/' in ip:
ip, mask = ip.split('/', 1)
self.mask = mask
self.v = version or 0
self.dq = ip
self.ip = self._dqtoi(ip)
assert self.v != 0, 'Could not parse input'
# Netmask defaults to one ip
if self.mask is None:
self.mask = self.v == 4 and 32 or 128
# Netmask is numeric CIDR subnet
elif isinstance(self.mask, (int, long)) or self.mask.isdigit():
self.mask = int(self.mask)
# Netmask is in subnet notation
elif isinstance(self.mask, basestring):
limit = [32, 128][':' in self.mask]
inverted = ~self._dqtoi(self.mask)
count = 0
while inverted & pow(2, count):
count += 1
self.mask = (limit - count)
else:
raise ValueError('Invalid netmask')
# Validate subnet size
if self.v == 6:
self.dq = self._itodq(self.ip)
if not 0 <= self.mask <= 128:
raise ValueError('IPv6 subnet size must be between 0 and 128')
elif self.v == 4:
if not 0 <= self.mask <= 32:
raise ValueError('IPv4 subnet size must be between 0 and 32')
def bin(self):
'''
Full-length binary representation of the IP address.
>>> ip = IP("127.0.0.1")
>>> print ip.bin()
01111111000000000000000000000001
'''
return bin(self.ip).split('b')[1].rjust(self.mask, '0')
def hex(self):
'''
Full-length hexadecimal representation of the IP address.
>>> ip = IP("127.0.0.1")
>>> print ip.hex()
7f000001
'''
if self.v == 4:
return '%08x' % self.ip
else:
return '%032x' % self.ip
def subnet(self):
return self.mask
def version(self):
'''
IP version.
>>> ip = IP("127.0.0.1")
>>> print ip.version()
4
'''
return self.v
def info(self):
'''
Show IANA allocation information for the current IP address.
>>> ip = IP("127.0.0.1")
>>> print ip.info()
CLASS A
'''
b = self.bin()
self.v == 4 and 32 or 128
for i in range(len(b), 0, -1):
if b[:i] in self._range[self.v]:
return self._range[self.v][b[:i]]
return 'UNKNOWN'
def _dqtoi(self, dq):
'''
Convert dotquad or hextet to long.
'''
# hex notation
if dq.startswith('0x'):
ip = long(dq[2:], 16)
if ip > 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffL:
raise ValueError('%s: IP address is bigger than 2^128' % dq)
if ip <= 0xffffffff:
self.v = 4
else:
self.v = 6
return ip
# IPv6
if ':' in dq:
# Split hextets
hx = dq.split(':')
if ':::' in dq:
raise ValueError("%s: IPv6 address can't contain :::" % dq)
# Mixed address (or 4-in-6), ::ffff:192.0.2.42
if '.' in dq:
return self._dqtoi(hx[-1])
if len(hx) > 8:
raise ValueError('%s: IPv6 address with more than 8 hexlets' % dq)
elif len(hx) < 8:
# No :: in address
if not '' in hx:
raise ValueError('%s: IPv6 address invalid: '
'compressed format malformed' % dq)
elif not (dq.startswith('::') or dq.endswith('::')) and len([x for x in hx if x == '']) > 1:
raise ValueError('%s: IPv6 address invalid: '
'compressed format malformed' % dq)
ix = hx.index('')
px = len(hx[ix + 1:])
for x in xrange(ix + px + 1, 8):
hx.insert(ix, '0')
elif dq.endswith('::'):
pass
elif '' in hx:
raise ValueError('%s: IPv6 address invalid: '
'compressed format detected in full notation' % dq())
ip = ''
hx = [x == '' and '0' or x for x in hx]
for h in hx:
if len(h) < 4:
h = '%04x' % int(h, 16)
if not 0 <= int(h, 16) <= 0xffff:
raise ValueError('%r: IPv6 address invalid: '
'hexlets should be between 0x0000 and 0xffff' % dq)
ip += h
self.v = 6
return long(ip, 16)
elif len(dq) == 32:
# Assume full heximal notation
self.v = 6
return long(h, 16)
# IPv4
if '.' in dq:
q = dq.split('.')
q.reverse()
if len(q) > 4:
raise ValueError('%s: IPv4 address invalid: '
'more than 4 bytes' % dq)
for x in q:
if not 0 <= int(x) <= 255:
raise ValueError('%s: IPv4 address invalid: '
'bytes should be between 0 and 255' % dq)
while len(q) < 4:
q.insert(1, '0')
self.v = 4
return sum(long(byte) << 8 * index for index, byte in enumerate(q))
raise ValueError('Invalid address input')
def _itodq(self, n):
'''
Convert long to dotquad or hextet.
'''
if self.v == 4:
return '.'.join(map(str, [
(n >> 24) & 0xff,
(n >> 16) & 0xff,
(n >> 8) & 0xff,
n & 0xff,
]))
else:
n = '%032x' % n
return ':'.join(n[4 * x:4 * x + 4] for x in xrange(0, 8))
def __str__(self):
'''
Return dotquad representation of the IP.
>>> ip = IP("::1")
>>> print str(ip)
0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
'''
return self.dq
def __repr__(self):
'''
Return canonical representation of the IP.
>>> repr(IP("::1"))
"IP('0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001')"
>>> repr(IP("::1/64"))
"IP('0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001/64')"
>>> repr(IP("1.2.3.4/29"))
"IP('1.2.3.4/29')"
'''
args = (self.__class__.__name__, self.dq, self.mask)
if (self.version(), self.mask) in [(4, 32), (6, 128)]:
fmt = "{0}('{1}')"
else:
fmt = "{0}('{1}/{2}')"
return fmt.format(*args)
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self.to_tuple())
hash = __hash__
def __int__(self):
return int(self.ip)
def __long__(self):
return self.ip
def __lt__(self, other):
return long(self) < long(IP(other))
def __le__(self, other):
return long(self) <= long(IP(other))
def __ge__(self, other):
return long(self) >= long(IP(other))
def __gt__(self, other):
return long(self) > long(IP(other))
def __eq__(self, other):
return long(self) == long(IP(other))
def size(self):
return 1
def clone(self):
'''
Return a new <IP> object with a copy of this one.
>>> ip = IP('127.0.0.1')
>>> ip2 = ip.clone()
>>> ip2
IP('127.0.0.1')
>>> ip is ip2
False
>>> ip == ip2
True
>>> ip.mask = 24
>>> ip2.mask
32
'''
return IP(self)
def to_ipv4(self):
'''
Convert (an IPv6) IP address to an IPv4 address, if possible. Only works
for IPv4-compat (::/96), IPv4-mapped (::ffff/96), and 6-to-4 (2002::/16) addresses.
>>> ip = IP('2002:c000:022a::')
>>> print ip.to_ipv4()
192.0.2.42
'''
if self.v == 4:
return self
else:
if self.bin().startswith('0' * 96):
return IP(long(self), version=4)
elif self.bin().startswith('0' * 80 + '1' * 16):
return IP(long(self) & 0xffffffff, version=4)
elif long(self) & 0x20020000000000000000000000000000L:
return IP((long(self) - 0x20020000000000000000000000000000L) >> 80, version=4)
else:
return ValueError('%s: IPv6 address is not IPv4 compatible or mapped, '
'nor an 6-to-4 IP' % self.dq)
@classmethod
def from_bin(cls, value):
value = value.lstrip('b')
if len(value) == 32:
return cls(int(value, 2))
elif len(value) == 128:
return cls(long(value, 2))
else:
return ValueError('%r: invalid binary notation' % (value,))
@classmethod
def from_hex(cls, value):
if len(value) == 8:
return cls(int(value, 16))
elif len(value) == 32:
return cls(long(value, 16))
else:
raise ValueError('%r: invalid hexadecimal notation' % (value,))
def to_ipv6(self, type='6-to-4'):
'''
Convert (an IPv4) IP address to an IPv6 address.
>>> ip = IP('192.0.2.42')
>>> print ip.to_ipv6()
2002:c000:022a:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
>>> print ip.to_ipv6('compat')
0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:c000:022a
>>> print ip.to_ipv6('mapped')
0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:ffff:c000:022a
'''
assert type in ['6-to-4', 'compat', 'mapped'], 'Conversion type not supported'
if self.v == 4:
if type == '6-to-4':
return IP(0x20020000000000000000000000000000L | long(self) << 80, version=6)
elif type == 'compat':
return IP(long(self), version=6)
elif type == 'mapped':
return IP(0xffff << 32 | long(self), version=6)
else:
return self
def to_reverse(self):
'''
Convert the IP address to a PTR record in .in-addr.arpa for IPv4 and
.ip6.arpa for IPv6 addresses.
>>> ip = IP('192.0.2.42')
>>> print ip.to_reverse()
42.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa
>>> print ip.to_ipv6().to_reverse()
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.a.2.2.0.0.0.0.c.2.0.0.2.ip6.arpa
'''
if self.v == 4:
return '.'.join(list(self.dq.split('.')[::-1]) + ['in-addr', 'arpa'])
else:
return '.'.join(list(self.hex())[::-1] + ['ip6', 'arpa'])
def to_tuple(self):
'''
Used for comparisons.
'''
return (self.dq, self.mask)
class Network(IP):
'''
Network slice calculations.
:param ip: network address
:type ip: :class:`IP` or str or long or int
:param mask: netmask
:type mask: int or str
>>> localnet = Network('127.0.0.1/8')
>>> print localnet
127.0.0.1/8
'''
def netmask(self):
'''
Network netmask derived from subnet size, as IP object.
>>> localnet = Network('127.0.0.1/8')
>>> print localnet.netmask()
255.0.0.0
'''
return IP(self.netmask_long(), version=self.version())
def netmask_long(self):
'''
Network netmask derived from subnet size, as long.
>>> localnet = Network('127.0.0.1/8')
>>> print localnet.netmask_long()
4278190080
'''
if self.version() == 4:
return (0xffffffffL >> (32 - self.mask)) << (32 - self.mask)
else:
return (0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffL >> (128 - self.mask)) << (128 - self.mask)
def network(self):
'''
Network address, as IP object.
>>> localnet = Network('127.128.99.3/8')
>>> print localnet.network()
127.0.0.0
'''
return IP(self.network_long(), version=self.version())
def network_long(self):
'''
Network address, as long.
>>> localnet = Network('127.128.99.3/8')
>>> print localnet.network_long()
2130706432
'''
return self.ip & self.netmask_long()
def broadcast(self):
'''
Broadcast address, as IP object.
>>> localnet = Network('127.0.0.1/8')
>>> print localnet.broadcast()
127.255.255.255
'''
# XXX: IPv6 doesn't have a broadcast address, but it's used for other
# calculations such as <Network.host_last>
return IP(self.broadcast_long(), version=self.version())
def broadcast_long(self):
'''
Broadcast address, as long.
>>> localnet = Network('127.0.0.1/8')
>>> print localnet.broadcast_long()
2147483647
'''
if self.version() == 4:
return self.network_long() | (0xffffffffL - self.netmask_long())
else:
return self.network_long() \
| (0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffL - self.netmask_long())
def host_first(self):
'''
First available host in this subnet.
'''
if (self.version() == 4 and self.mask > 30) or \
(self.version() == 6 and self.mask > 126):
return self
else:
return IP(self.network_long() + 1, version=self.version())
def host_last(self):
'''
Last available host in this subnet.
'''
if (self.version() == 4 and self.mask == 32) or \
(self.version() == 6 and self.mask == 128):
return self
elif (self.version() == 4 and self.mask == 31) or \
(self.version() == 6 and self.mask == 127):
return IP(long(self) + 1, version=self.version())
else:
return IP(self.broadcast_long() - 1, version=self.version())
def in_network(self, other):
'''
Check if the given IP address is within this network.
This function is deprecated, use check_collision instead.
'''
warnings.warn('%s.in_network is deprecated, use check_collision in '
'stead' % (self.__class__.__name__,),
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2)
other = Network(other)
return self.network_long() <= other.network_long() <= self.broadcast_long()
def check_collision(self, other):
'''
Check another network against the given network and checks for IP collisions.
'''
other = Network(other)
return self.network_long() <= other.network_long() <= self.broadcast_long() or \
other.network_long() <= self.network_long() <= other.broadcast_long()
def __str__(self):
'''
Return CIDR representation of the network.
>>> net = Network("::1/64")
>>> print str(net)
0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001/64
'''
return "%s/%d" % (self.dq, self.mask)
def __contains__(self, ip):
'''
Check if the given ip is part of the network.
>>> '192.0.2.42' in Network('192.0.2.0/24')
True
>>> '192.168.2.42' in Network('192.0.2.0/24')
False
'''
return self.check_collision(ip)
def __lt__(self, other):
return self.size() < IP(other).size()
def __le__(self, other):
return self.size() <= IP(other).size()
def __gt__(self, other):
return self.size() > IP(other).size()
def __ge__(self, other):
return self.size() >= IP(other).size()
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.size() == IP(other).size()
def __getitem__(self, key):
if isinstance(key, slice):
# Work-around IPv6 subnets being huge. Slice indices don't like
# long int.
x = key.start or 0
slice_stop = (key.stop or self.size()) - 1
slice_step = key.step or 1
arr = list()
while x < slice_stop:
arr.append(IP(long(self) + x))
x += slice_step
return tuple(arr)
else:
return IP(long(self) + key)
def __iter__(self):
'''
Generate a range of usable host IP addresses within the network, as IP
objects.
>>> for ip in Network('192.168.114.0/30'):
... print str(ip)
...
192.168.114.1
192.168.114.2
'''
curr = long(self.host_first())
stop = long(self.host_last())
while curr <= stop:
yield IP(curr)
curr += 1
def has_key(self, ip):
'''
Check if the given ip is part of the network.
:param ip: the ip address
:type ip: :class:`IP` or str or long or int
>>> net = Network('192.0.2.0/24')
>>> net.has_key('192.168.2.0')
False
>>> net.has_key('192.0.2.42')
True
'''
return self.__contains__(ip)
def size(self):
'''
Number of ip's within the network.
>>> net = Network('192.0.2.0/24')
>>> print net.size()
256
'''
return 2 ** ((self.version() == 4 and 32 or 128) - self.mask)
if __name__ == '__main__':
tests = [
('192.168.114.42', 23, ['192.168.0.1', '192.168.114.128', '10.0.0.1']),
('123::', 128, ['123:456::', '::1', '123::456']),
('::42', 64, ['::1', '1::']),
('2001:dead:beef:1:c01d:c01a::', 48, ['2001:dead:beef:babe::']),
('10.10.0.0', '255.255.255.0', ['10.10.0.20', '10.10.10.20']),
('2001:dead:beef:1:c01d:c01a::', 'ffff:ffff:ffff::', ['2001:dead:beef:babe::']),
('10.10.0.0/255.255.240.0', None, ['10.10.0.20', '10.10.250.0']),
]
for ip, mask, test_ip in tests:
net = Network(ip, mask)
print '==========='
print 'ip address:', net
print 'to ipv6...:', net.to_ipv6()
print 'ip version:', net.version()
print 'ip info...:', net.info()
print 'subnet....:', net.subnet()
print 'num ip\'s..:', net.size()
print 'integer...:', long(net)
print 'hex.......:', net.hex()
print 'netmask...:', net.netmask()
# Not implemented in IPv6
if net.version() == 4:
print 'network...:', net.network()
print 'broadcast.:', net.broadcast()
print 'first host:', net.host_first()
print 'reverse...:', net.host_first().to_reverse()
print 'last host.:', net.host_last()
print 'reverse...:', net.host_last().to_reverse()
for ip in test_ip:
print '%s in network: ' % ip, ip in net