shadowmappingomni.cpp

/*
* Vulkan Example - Omni directional shadows using a dynamic cube map
*
* Copyright (C) by Sascha Willems - www.saschawillems.de
*
* This code is licensed under the MIT license (MIT) (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
*/

#include "vulkanexamplebase.h"
#include "VulkanglTFModel.h"

#define ENABLE_VALIDATION false

// Texture properties
#define TEX_DIM 1024
#define TEX_FILTER VK_FILTER_LINEAR

// Offscreen frame buffer properties
#define FB_DIM TEX_DIM
#define FB_COLOR_FORMAT VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT

class VulkanExample : public VulkanExampleBase
{
public:
	bool displayCubeMap = false;

	float zNear = 0.1f;
	float zFar = 1024.0f;

	struct {
		vkglTF::Model scene;
		vkglTF::Model debugcube;
	} models;

	struct {
		vks::Buffer scene;
		vks::Buffer offscreen;
	} uniformBuffers;

	struct {
		glm::mat4 projection;
		glm::mat4 model;
	} uboVSquad;

	glm::vec4 lightPos = glm::vec4(0.0f, -2.5f, 0.0f, 1.0);

	struct UBO {
		glm::mat4 projection;
		glm::mat4 view;
		glm::mat4 model;
		glm::vec4 lightPos;
	};

	UBO uboVSscene, uboOffscreenVS;

	struct {
		VkPipeline scene;
		VkPipeline offscreen;
		VkPipeline cubemapDisplay;
	} pipelines;

	struct {
		VkPipelineLayout scene;
		VkPipelineLayout offscreen;
	} pipelineLayouts;

	struct {
		VkDescriptorSet scene;
		VkDescriptorSet offscreen;
	} descriptorSets;

	VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;

	vks::Texture shadowCubeMap;

	// Framebuffer for offscreen rendering
	struct FrameBufferAttachment {
		VkImage image;
		VkDeviceMemory mem;
		VkImageView view;
	};
	struct OffscreenPass {
		int32_t width, height;
		VkFramebuffer frameBuffer;
		FrameBufferAttachment color, depth;
		VkRenderPass renderPass;
		VkSampler sampler;
		VkDescriptorImageInfo descriptor;
	} offscreenPass;

	VkFormat fbDepthFormat;

	VulkanExample() : VulkanExampleBase(ENABLE_VALIDATION)
	{
		title = "Point light shadows (cubemap)";
		camera.type = Camera::CameraType::lookat;
		camera.setPerspective(45.0f, (float)width / (float)height, zNear, zFar);
		camera.setRotation(glm::vec3(-20.5f, -673.0f, 0.0f));
		camera.setPosition(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.5f, -15.0f));
		timerSpeed *= 0.5f;
	}

	~VulkanExample()
	{
		// Clean up used Vulkan resources
		// Note : Inherited destructor cleans up resources stored in base class

		// Cube map
		vkDestroyImageView(device, shadowCubeMap.view, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImage(device, shadowCubeMap.image, nullptr);
		vkDestroySampler(device, shadowCubeMap.sampler, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, shadowCubeMap.deviceMemory, nullptr);

		// Frame buffer

		// Color attachment
		vkDestroyImageView(device, offscreenPass.color.view, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImage(device, offscreenPass.color.image, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, offscreenPass.color.mem, nullptr);

		// Depth attachment
		vkDestroyImageView(device, offscreenPass.depth.view, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImage(device, offscreenPass.depth.image, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, offscreenPass.depth.mem, nullptr);

		vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, offscreenPass.frameBuffer, nullptr);

		vkDestroyRenderPass(device, offscreenPass.renderPass, nullptr);

		// Pipelines
		vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.scene, nullptr);
		vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.offscreen, nullptr);
		vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.cubemapDisplay, nullptr);

		vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayouts.scene, nullptr);
		vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayouts.offscreen, nullptr);

		vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, descriptorSetLayout, nullptr);

		// Uniform buffers
		uniformBuffers.offscreen.destroy();
		uniformBuffers.scene.destroy();
	}

	void prepareCubeMap()
	{
		shadowCubeMap.width = TEX_DIM;
		shadowCubeMap.height = TEX_DIM;

		// 32 bit float format for higher precision
		VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT;

		// Cube map image description
		VkImageCreateInfo imageCreateInfo = vks::initializers::imageCreateInfo();
		imageCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
		imageCreateInfo.format = format;
		imageCreateInfo.extent = { shadowCubeMap.width, shadowCubeMap.height, 1 };
		imageCreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
		imageCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 6;
		imageCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		imageCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
		imageCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
		imageCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
		imageCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
		imageCreateInfo.flags = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT;

		VkMemoryAllocateInfo memAllocInfo = vks::initializers::memoryAllocateInfo();
		VkMemoryRequirements memReqs;

		VkCommandBuffer layoutCmd = vulkanDevice->createCommandBuffer(VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, true);

		// Create cube map image
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImage(device, &imageCreateInfo, nullptr, &shadowCubeMap.image));

		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, shadowCubeMap.image, &memReqs);

		memAllocInfo.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
		memAllocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAllocInfo, nullptr, &shadowCubeMap.deviceMemory));
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindImageMemory(device, shadowCubeMap.image, shadowCubeMap.deviceMemory, 0));

		// Image barrier for optimal image (target)
		VkImageSubresourceRange subresourceRange = {};
		subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
		subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
		subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		subresourceRange.layerCount = 6;
		vks::tools::setImageLayout(
			layoutCmd,
			shadowCubeMap.image,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
			subresourceRange);

		vulkanDevice->flushCommandBuffer(layoutCmd, queue, true);

		// Create sampler
		VkSamplerCreateInfo sampler = vks::initializers::samplerCreateInfo();
		sampler.magFilter = TEX_FILTER;
		sampler.minFilter = TEX_FILTER;
		sampler.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
		sampler.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER;
		sampler.addressModeV = sampler.addressModeU;
		sampler.addressModeW = sampler.addressModeU;
		sampler.mipLodBias = 0.0f;
		sampler.maxAnisotropy = 1.0f;
		sampler.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_NEVER;
		sampler.minLod = 0.0f;
		sampler.maxLod = 1.0f;
		sampler.borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateSampler(device, &sampler, nullptr, &shadowCubeMap.sampler));

		// Create image view
		VkImageViewCreateInfo view = vks::initializers::imageViewCreateInfo();
		view.image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
		view.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE;
		view.format = format;
		view.components = { VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R };
		view.subresourceRange = { VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 };
		view.subresourceRange.layerCount = 6;
		view.image = shadowCubeMap.image;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &view, nullptr, &shadowCubeMap.view));
	}

	// Prepare a new framebuffer for offscreen rendering
	// The contents of this framebuffer are then
	// copied to the different cube map faces
	void prepareOffscreenFramebuffer()
	{
		offscreenPass.width = FB_DIM;
		offscreenPass.height = FB_DIM;

		VkFormat fbColorFormat = FB_COLOR_FORMAT;

		// Color attachment
		VkImageCreateInfo imageCreateInfo = vks::initializers::imageCreateInfo();
		imageCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
		imageCreateInfo.format = fbColorFormat;
		imageCreateInfo.extent.width = offscreenPass.width;
		imageCreateInfo.extent.height = offscreenPass.height;
		imageCreateInfo.extent.depth = 1;
		imageCreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
		imageCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
		imageCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		imageCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
		// Image of the framebuffer is blit source
		imageCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
		imageCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
		imageCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;

		VkMemoryAllocateInfo memAlloc = vks::initializers::memoryAllocateInfo();

		VkImageViewCreateInfo colorImageView = vks::initializers::imageViewCreateInfo();
		colorImageView.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		colorImageView.format = fbColorFormat;
		colorImageView.flags = 0;
		colorImageView.subresourceRange = {};
		colorImageView.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
		colorImageView.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
		colorImageView.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		colorImageView.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
		colorImageView.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

		VkMemoryRequirements memReqs;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImage(device, &imageCreateInfo, nullptr, &offscreenPass.color.image));
		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, offscreenPass.color.image, &memReqs);
		memAlloc.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
		memAlloc.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAlloc, nullptr, &offscreenPass.color.mem));
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindImageMemory(device, offscreenPass.color.image, offscreenPass.color.mem, 0));

		VkCommandBuffer layoutCmd = vulkanDevice->createCommandBuffer(VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, true);

		vks::tools::setImageLayout(
			layoutCmd,
			offscreenPass.color.image,
			VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);

		colorImageView.image = offscreenPass.color.image;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &colorImageView, nullptr, &offscreenPass.color.view));

		// Depth stencil attachment
		imageCreateInfo.format = fbDepthFormat;
		imageCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;

		VkImageViewCreateInfo depthStencilView = vks::initializers::imageViewCreateInfo();
		depthStencilView.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		depthStencilView.format = fbDepthFormat;
		depthStencilView.flags = 0;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange = {};
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImage(device, &imageCreateInfo, nullptr, &offscreenPass.depth.image));
		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, offscreenPass.depth.image, &memReqs);
		memAlloc.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
		memAlloc.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAlloc, nullptr, &offscreenPass.depth.mem));
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindImageMemory(device, offscreenPass.depth.image, offscreenPass.depth.mem, 0));

		vks::tools::setImageLayout(
			layoutCmd,
			offscreenPass.depth.image,
			VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);

		vulkanDevice->flushCommandBuffer(layoutCmd, queue, true);

		depthStencilView.image = offscreenPass.depth.image;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &depthStencilView, nullptr, &offscreenPass.depth.view));

		VkImageView attachments[2];
		attachments[0] = offscreenPass.color.view;
		attachments[1] = offscreenPass.depth.view;

		VkFramebufferCreateInfo fbufCreateInfo = vks::initializers::framebufferCreateInfo();
		fbufCreateInfo.renderPass = offscreenPass.renderPass;
		fbufCreateInfo.attachmentCount = 2;
		fbufCreateInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
		fbufCreateInfo.width = offscreenPass.width;
		fbufCreateInfo.height = offscreenPass.height;
		fbufCreateInfo.layers = 1;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &fbufCreateInfo, nullptr, &offscreenPass.frameBuffer));
	}

	// Updates a single cube map face
	// Renders the scene with face's view and does a copy from framebuffer to cube face
	// Uses push constants for quick update of view matrix for the current cube map face
	void updateCubeFace(uint32_t faceIndex, VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
	{
		VkClearValue clearValues[2];
		clearValues[0].color = { { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } };
		clearValues[1].depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0 };

		VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = vks::initializers::renderPassBeginInfo();
		// Reuse render pass from example pass
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = offscreenPass.renderPass;
		renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = offscreenPass.frameBuffer;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = offscreenPass.width;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = offscreenPass.height;
		renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 2;
		renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;

		// Update view matrix via push constant

		glm::mat4 viewMatrix = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		switch (faceIndex)
		{
		case 0: // POSITIVE_X
			viewMatrix = glm::rotate(viewMatrix, glm::radians(90.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
			viewMatrix = glm::rotate(viewMatrix, glm::radians(180.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
			break;
		case 1:	// NEGATIVE_X
			viewMatrix = glm::rotate(viewMatrix, glm::radians(-90.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
			viewMatrix = glm::rotate(viewMatrix, glm::radians(180.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
			break;
		case 2:	// POSITIVE_Y
			viewMatrix = glm::rotate(viewMatrix, glm::radians(-90.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
			break;
		case 3:	// NEGATIVE_Y
			viewMatrix = glm::rotate(viewMatrix, glm::radians(90.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
			break;
		case 4:	// POSITIVE_Z
			viewMatrix = glm::rotate(viewMatrix, glm::radians(180.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
			break;
		case 5:	// NEGATIVE_Z
			viewMatrix = glm::rotate(viewMatrix, glm::radians(180.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
			break;
		}

		// Render scene from cube face's point of view
		vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffer, &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

		// Update shader push constant block
		// Contains current face view matrix
		vkCmdPushConstants(
			commandBuffer,
			pipelineLayouts.offscreen,
			VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
			0,
			sizeof(glm::mat4),
			&viewMatrix);

		vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.offscreen);
		vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayouts.offscreen, 0, 1, &descriptorSets.offscreen, 0, NULL);
		models.scene.draw(commandBuffer);

		vkCmdEndRenderPass(commandBuffer);
		// Make sure color writes to the framebuffer are finished before using it as transfer source
		vks::tools::setImageLayout(
			commandBuffer,
			offscreenPass.color.image,
			VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL);

		VkImageSubresourceRange cubeFaceSubresourceRange = {};
		cubeFaceSubresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
		cubeFaceSubresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
		cubeFaceSubresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		cubeFaceSubresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = faceIndex;
		cubeFaceSubresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

		// Change image layout of one cubemap face to transfer destination
		vks::tools::setImageLayout(
			commandBuffer,
			shadowCubeMap.image,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
			cubeFaceSubresourceRange);

		// Copy region for transfer from framebuffer to cube face
		VkImageCopy copyRegion = {};

		copyRegion.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
		copyRegion.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
		copyRegion.srcSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
		copyRegion.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;
		copyRegion.srcOffset = { 0, 0, 0 };

		copyRegion.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
		copyRegion.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = faceIndex;
		copyRegion.dstSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
		copyRegion.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
		copyRegion.dstOffset = { 0, 0, 0 };

		copyRegion.extent.width = shadowCubeMap.width;
		copyRegion.extent.height = shadowCubeMap.height;
		copyRegion.extent.depth = 1;

		// Put image copy into command buffer
		vkCmdCopyImage(
			commandBuffer,
			offscreenPass.color.image,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
			shadowCubeMap.image,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
			1,
			&copyRegion);

		// Transform framebuffer color attachment back
		vks::tools::setImageLayout(
			commandBuffer,
			offscreenPass.color.image,
			VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);

		// Change image layout of copied face to shader read
		vks::tools::setImageLayout(
			commandBuffer,
			shadowCubeMap.image,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
			cubeFaceSubresourceRange);
	}

	void buildCommandBuffers()
	{
		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vks::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();

		for (int32_t i = 0; i < drawCmdBuffers.size(); ++i)
		{
			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBeginCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], &cmdBufInfo));

			/*
				Generate shadow cube maps using one render pass per face
			*/
			{
				VkViewport viewport = vks::initializers::viewport((float)offscreenPass.width, (float)offscreenPass.height, 0.0f, 1.0f);
				vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);

				VkRect2D scissor = vks::initializers::rect2D(offscreenPass.width, offscreenPass.height, 0, 0);
				vkCmdSetScissor(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &scissor);

				for (uint32_t face = 0; face < 6; face++) {
					updateCubeFace(face, drawCmdBuffers[i]);
				}
			}

			/*
				Note: Explicit synchronization is not required between the render pass, as this is done implicit via sub pass dependencies
			*/

			/*
				Scene rendering with applied shadow map
			*/
			{
				VkClearValue clearValues[2];
				clearValues[0].color = defaultClearColor;
				clearValues[1].depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0 };

				VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = vks::initializers::renderPassBeginInfo();
				renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
				renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = frameBuffers[i];
				renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = width;
				renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = height;
				renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 2;
				renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;

				vkCmdBeginRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i], &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

				VkViewport viewport = vks::initializers::viewport((float)width, (float)height, 0.0f, 1.0f);
				vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);

				VkRect2D scissor = vks::initializers::rect2D(width, height, 0, 0);
				vkCmdSetScissor(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &scissor);

				VkDeviceSize offsets[1] = { 0 };

				vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayouts.scene, 0, 1, &descriptorSets.scene, 0, NULL);

				if (displayCubeMap)
				{
					// Display all six sides of the shadow cube map
					// Note: Visualization of the different faces is done in the fragment shader, see cubemapdisplay.frag
					vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.cubemapDisplay);
					models.debugcube.draw(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
				}
				else
				{
					vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.scene);
					models.scene.draw(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
				}

				drawUI(drawCmdBuffers[i]);

				vkCmdEndRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
			}

			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEndCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i]));
		}
	}

	void loadAssets()
	{
		const uint32_t glTFLoadingFlags = vkglTF::FileLoadingFlags::PreTransformVertices | vkglTF::FileLoadingFlags::PreMultiplyVertexColors | vkglTF::FileLoadingFlags::FlipY;
		models.debugcube.loadFromFile(getAssetPath() + "models/cube.gltf", vulkanDevice, queue, glTFLoadingFlags);
		models.scene.loadFromFile(getAssetPath() + "models/shadowscene_fire.gltf", vulkanDevice, queue, glTFLoadingFlags);
	}

	void setupDescriptorPool()
	{
		// Example uses three ubos and two image samplers
		std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> poolSizes = {
			vks::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 3),
			vks::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 2)
		};
		VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolInfo = vks::initializers::descriptorPoolCreateInfo(poolSizes.size(), poolSizes.data(), 3);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &descriptorPoolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool));
	}

	void setupDescriptorSetLayout()
	{
		// Shared pipeline layout
		std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> setLayoutBindings = {
			// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
			vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, 0),
			// Binding 1 : Fragment shader image sampler (cube map)
			vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, 1)
		};

		VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorLayout = vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo(setLayoutBindings.data(), setLayoutBindings.size());
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &descriptorLayout, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayout));

		// 3D scene pipeline layout
		VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo = vks::initializers::pipelineLayoutCreateInfo(&descriptorSetLayout, 1);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayouts.scene));

		// Offscreen pipeline layout
		// Push constants for cube map face view matrices
		VkPushConstantRange pushConstantRange = vks::initializers::pushConstantRange(VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, sizeof(glm::mat4), 0);
		// Push constant ranges are part of the pipeline layout
		pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 1;
		pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo.pPushConstantRanges = &pushConstantRange;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayouts.offscreen));
	}

	void setupDescriptorSets()
	{
		VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo = vks::initializers::descriptorSetAllocateInfo(descriptorPool, &descriptorSetLayout, 1);

		// 3D scene
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, &descriptorSets.scene));
		// Image descriptor for the cube map
		VkDescriptorImageInfo texDescriptor =
			vks::initializers::descriptorImageInfo(
				shadowCubeMap.sampler,
				shadowCubeMap.view,
				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);

		std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> sceneDescriptorSets = {
			// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
			vks::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(descriptorSets.scene, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0, &uniformBuffers.scene.descriptor),
			// Binding 1 : Fragment shader shadow sampler
			vks::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(descriptorSets.scene, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1, &texDescriptor)
		};
		vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, sceneDescriptorSets.size(), sceneDescriptorSets.data(), 0, NULL);

		// Offscreen
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, &descriptorSets.offscreen));
		std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> offScreenWriteDescriptorSets = {
			// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
			vks::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(descriptorSets.offscreen, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0, &uniformBuffers.offscreen.descriptor),
		};
		vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, offScreenWriteDescriptorSets.size(), offScreenWriteDescriptorSets.data(), 0, NULL);
	}

	// Set up a separate render pass for the offscreen frame buffer
	// This is necessary as the offscreen frame buffer attachments
	// use formats different to the ones from the visible frame buffer
	// and at least the depth one may not be compatible
	void prepareOffscreenRenderpass()
	{
		VkAttachmentDescription osAttachments[2] = {};

		// Find a suitable depth format
		VkBool32 validDepthFormat = vks::tools::getSupportedDepthFormat(physicalDevice, &fbDepthFormat);
		assert(validDepthFormat);

		osAttachments[0].format = FB_COLOR_FORMAT;
		osAttachments[0].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		osAttachments[0].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
		osAttachments[0].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		osAttachments[0].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		osAttachments[0].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		osAttachments[0].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		osAttachments[0].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		// Depth attachment
		osAttachments[1].format = fbDepthFormat;
		osAttachments[1].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		osAttachments[1].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
		osAttachments[1].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		osAttachments[1].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		osAttachments[1].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		osAttachments[1].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		osAttachments[1].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkAttachmentReference colorReference = {};
		colorReference.attachment = 0;
		colorReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkAttachmentReference depthReference = {};
		depthReference.attachment = 1;
		depthReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
		subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
		subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
		subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorReference;
		subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthReference;

		VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassCreateInfo = vks::initializers::renderPassCreateInfo();
		renderPassCreateInfo.attachmentCount = 2;
		renderPassCreateInfo.pAttachments = osAttachments;
		renderPassCreateInfo.subpassCount = 1;
		renderPassCreateInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassCreateInfo, nullptr, &offscreenPass.renderPass));
	}

	void preparePipelines()
	{
		VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyState = vks::initializers::pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST, 0, VK_FALSE);
		VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationState = vks::initializers::pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo(VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL, VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT, VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE, 0);
		VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState blendAttachmentState = vks::initializers::pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState(0xf, VK_FALSE);
		VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendState = vks::initializers::pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo(1, &blendAttachmentState);
		VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilState = vks::initializers::pipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo(VK_TRUE, VK_TRUE, VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL);
		VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState = vks::initializers::pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo(1, 1, 0);
		VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleState = vks::initializers::pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, 0);
		std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStateEnables = { VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT, VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR };
		VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState = vks::initializers::pipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo(dynamicStateEnables.data(), dynamicStateEnables.size(), 0);

		// 3D scene pipeline
		// Load shaders
		std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages;

		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "shadowmappingomni/scene.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "shadowmappingomni/scene.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

		VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCI = vks::initializers::pipelineCreateInfo(pipelineLayouts.scene, renderPass, 0);
		pipelineCI.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyState;
		pipelineCI.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationState;
		pipelineCI.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendState;
		pipelineCI.pMultisampleState = &multisampleState;
		pipelineCI.pViewportState = &viewportState;
		pipelineCI.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState;
		pipelineCI.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
		pipelineCI.stageCount = shaderStages.size();
		pipelineCI.pStages = shaderStages.data();
		pipelineCI.pVertexInputState = vkglTF::Vertex::getPipelineVertexInputState({vkglTF::VertexComponent::Position, vkglTF::VertexComponent::Color, vkglTF::VertexComponent::Normal});
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCI, nullptr, &pipelines.scene));

		// Offscreen pipeline
		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "shadowmappingomni/offscreen.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "shadowmappingomni/offscreen.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
		pipelineCI.layout = pipelineLayouts.offscreen;
		pipelineCI.renderPass = offscreenPass.renderPass;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCI, nullptr, &pipelines.offscreen));

		// Cube map display pipeline
		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "shadowmappingomni/cubemapdisplay.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "shadowmappingomni/cubemapdisplay.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
		VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo emptyInputState = vks::initializers::pipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo();
		pipelineCI.pVertexInputState = &emptyInputState;
		pipelineCI.layout = pipelineLayouts.scene;
		pipelineCI.renderPass = renderPass;
		rasterizationState.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCI, nullptr, &pipelines.cubemapDisplay));
	}

	// Prepare and initialize uniform buffer containing shader uniforms
	void prepareUniformBuffers()
	{
		// Offscreen vertex shader uniform buffer
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
			&uniformBuffers.offscreen,
			sizeof(uboOffscreenVS)));

		// Scene vertex shader uniform buffer
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
			&uniformBuffers.scene,
			sizeof(uboVSscene)));

		// Map persistent
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(uniformBuffers.offscreen.map());
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(uniformBuffers.scene.map());

		updateUniformBufferOffscreen();
		updateUniformBuffers();
	}

	void updateUniformBuffers()
	{
		uboVSscene.projection = camera.matrices.perspective;
		uboVSscene.view = camera.matrices.view;
		uboVSscene.model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		uboVSscene.lightPos = lightPos;
		memcpy(uniformBuffers.scene.mapped, &uboVSscene, sizeof(uboVSscene));
	}

	void updateUniformBufferOffscreen()
	{
		lightPos.x = sin(glm::radians(timer * 360.0f)) * 0.15f;
		lightPos.z = cos(glm::radians(timer * 360.0f)) * 0.15f;
		uboOffscreenVS.projection = glm::perspective((float)(M_PI / 2.0), 1.0f, zNear, zFar);
		uboOffscreenVS.view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		uboOffscreenVS.model = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(-lightPos.x, -lightPos.y, -lightPos.z));
		uboOffscreenVS.lightPos = lightPos;
		memcpy(uniformBuffers.offscreen.mapped, &uboOffscreenVS, sizeof(uboOffscreenVS));
	}

	void draw()
	{
		VulkanExampleBase::prepareFrame();
		submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer];
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE));
		VulkanExampleBase::submitFrame();
	}

	void prepare()
	{
		VulkanExampleBase::prepare();
		loadAssets();
		prepareUniformBuffers();
		prepareCubeMap();
		setupDescriptorSetLayout();
		prepareOffscreenRenderpass();
		preparePipelines();
		setupDescriptorPool();
		setupDescriptorSets();
		prepareOffscreenFramebuffer();
		buildCommandBuffers();
		prepared = true;
	}

	virtual void render()
	{
		if (!prepared)
			return;
		draw();
		if (!paused || camera.updated)
		{
			updateUniformBufferOffscreen();
			updateUniformBuffers();
		}
	}

	virtual void OnUpdateUIOverlay(vks::UIOverlay *overlay)
	{
		if (overlay->header("Settings")) {
			if (overlay->checkBox("Display shadow cube render target", &displayCubeMap)) {
				buildCommandBuffers();
			}
		}
	}
};

VULKAN_EXAMPLE_MAIN()