diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
index 133370be37036d..c7ef8e6608fac6 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
@@ -423,6 +423,23 @@ export function cssPostPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
 
       css = stripBomTag(css)
 
+      // cache css compile result to map
+      // and then use the cache replace inline-style-flag
+      // when `generateBundle` in vite:build-html plugin and devHtmlHook
+      const inlineCSS = inlineCSSRE.test(id)
+      const isHTMLProxy = htmlProxyRE.test(id)
+      if (inlineCSS && isHTMLProxy) {
+        const query = parseRequest(id)
+        if (styleAttrRE.test(id)) {
+          css = css.replace(/"/g, '"')
+        }
+        addToHTMLProxyTransformResult(
+          `${getHash(cleanUrl(id))}_${Number.parseInt(query!.index)}`,
+          css,
+        )
+        return `export default ''`
+      }
+
       const inlined = inlineRE.test(id)
       const modules = cssModulesCache.get(config)!.get(id)
 
@@ -475,21 +492,6 @@ export function cssPostPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
       // build CSS handling ----------------------------------------------------
 
       // record css
-      // cache css compile result to map
-      // and then use the cache replace inline-style-flag when `generateBundle` in vite:build-html plugin
-      const inlineCSS = inlineCSSRE.test(id)
-      const isHTMLProxy = htmlProxyRE.test(id)
-      const query = parseRequest(id)
-      if (inlineCSS && isHTMLProxy) {
-        if (styleAttrRE.test(id)) {
-          css = css.replace(/"/g, '"')
-        }
-        addToHTMLProxyTransformResult(
-          `${getHash(cleanUrl(id))}_${Number.parseInt(query!.index)}`,
-          css,
-        )
-        return `export default ''`
-      }
       if (!inlined) {
         styles.set(id, css)
       }
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/html.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/html.ts
index 3620bfbfd850cb..a132654a5b4e60 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/html.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/html.ts
@@ -497,31 +497,22 @@ export function buildHtmlPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
               }
             }
           }
-          // <tag style="... url(...) or image-set(...) ..."></tag>
-          // extract inline styles as virtual css and add class attribute to tag for selecting
-          const inlineStyle = node.attrs.find(
-            (prop) =>
-              prop.prefix === undefined &&
-              prop.name === 'style' &&
-              // only url(...) or image-set(...) in css need to emit file
-              (prop.value.includes('url(') ||
-                prop.value.includes('image-set(')),
-          )
+
+          const inlineStyle = findNeedTransformStyleAttribute(node)
           if (inlineStyle) {
             inlineModuleIndex++
-            // replace `inline style` to class
+            // replace `inline style` with __VITE_INLINE_CSS__**_**__
             // and import css in js code
-            const code = inlineStyle.value
+            const code = inlineStyle.attr.value
             const filePath = id.replace(normalizePath(config.root), '')
             addToHTMLProxyCache(config, filePath, inlineModuleIndex, { code })
             // will transform with css plugin and cache result with css-post plugin
             js += `\nimport "${id}?html-proxy&inline-css&style-attr&index=${inlineModuleIndex}.css"`
             const hash = getHash(cleanUrl(id))
             // will transform in `applyHtmlTransforms`
-            const sourceCodeLocation = node.sourceCodeLocation!.attrs!['style']
             overwriteAttrValue(
               s,
-              sourceCodeLocation,
+              inlineStyle.location!,
               `__VITE_INLINE_CSS__${hash}_${inlineModuleIndex}__`,
             )
           }
@@ -881,6 +872,23 @@ export function buildHtmlPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
   }
 }
 
+// <tag style="... url(...) or image-set(...) ..."></tag>
+// extract inline styles as virtual css
+export function findNeedTransformStyleAttribute(
+  node: DefaultTreeAdapterMap['element'],
+): { attr: Token.Attribute; location?: Token.Location } | undefined {
+  const attr = node.attrs.find(
+    (prop) =>
+      prop.prefix === undefined &&
+      prop.name === 'style' &&
+      // only url(...) or image-set(...) in css need to emit file
+      (prop.value.includes('url(') || prop.value.includes('image-set(')),
+  )
+  if (!attr) return undefined
+  const location = node.sourceCodeLocation?.attrs?.['style']
+  return { attr, location }
+}
+
 export interface HtmlTagDescriptor {
   tag: string
   attrs?: Record<string, string | boolean | undefined>
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/indexHtml.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/indexHtml.ts
index 96d05c418c1ae1..6cbaf727db4cfb 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/indexHtml.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/indexHtml.ts
@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@ import {
   addToHTMLProxyCache,
   applyHtmlTransforms,
   assetAttrsConfig,
+  findNeedTransformStyleAttribute,
   getAttrKey,
   getScriptInfo,
   htmlEnvHook,
+  htmlProxyResult,
   nodeIsElement,
   overwriteAttrValue,
   postImportMapHook,
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ import {
   cleanUrl,
   ensureWatchedFile,
   fsPathFromId,
+  getHash,
   injectQuery,
   isJSRequest,
   joinUrlSegments,
@@ -48,6 +51,12 @@ interface AssetNode {
   code: string
 }
 
+interface InlineStyleAttribute {
+  index: number
+  location: Token.Location
+  code: string
+}
+
 export function createDevHtmlTransformFn(
   server: ViteDevServer,
 ): (url: string, html: string, originalUrl: string) => Promise<string> {
@@ -179,6 +188,7 @@ const devHtmlHook: IndexHtmlTransformHook = async (
     '',
   )
   const styleUrl: AssetNode[] = []
+  const inlineStyles: InlineStyleAttribute[] = []
 
   const addInlineModule = (
     node: DefaultTreeAdapterMap['element'],
@@ -245,6 +255,16 @@ const devHtmlHook: IndexHtmlTransformHook = async (
       }
     }
 
+    const inlineStyle = findNeedTransformStyleAttribute(node)
+    if (inlineStyle) {
+      inlineModuleIndex++
+      inlineStyles.push({
+        index: inlineModuleIndex,
+        location: inlineStyle.location!,
+        code: inlineStyle.attr.value,
+      })
+    }
+
     if (node.nodeName === 'style' && node.childNodes.length) {
       const children = node.childNodes[0] as DefaultTreeAdapterMap['textNode']
       styleUrl.push({
@@ -273,8 +293,8 @@ const devHtmlHook: IndexHtmlTransformHook = async (
     }
   })
 
-  await Promise.all(
-    styleUrl.map(async ({ start, end, code }, index) => {
+  await Promise.all([
+    ...styleUrl.map(async ({ start, end, code }, index) => {
       const url = `${proxyModulePath}?html-proxy&direct&index=${index}.css`
 
       // ensure module in graph after successful load
@@ -299,7 +319,20 @@ const devHtmlHook: IndexHtmlTransformHook = async (
       }
       s.overwrite(start, end, content)
     }),
-  )
+    ...inlineStyles.map(async ({ index, location, code }) => {
+      // will transform with css plugin and cache result with css-post plugin
+      const url = `${proxyModulePath}?html-proxy&inline-css&style-attr&index=${index}.css`
+
+      const mod = await moduleGraph.ensureEntryFromUrl(url, false)
+      ensureWatchedFile(watcher, mod.file, config.root)
+
+      await server?.pluginContainer.transform(code, mod.id!)
+
+      const hash = getHash(cleanUrl(mod.id!))
+      const result = htmlProxyResult.get(`${hash}_${index}`)
+      overwriteAttrValue(s, location, result ?? '')
+    }),
+  ])
 
   html = s.toString()
 
diff --git a/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts b/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts
index 77a0ca11c6c810..70d0fcfe4e8e54 100644
--- a/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts
@@ -467,10 +467,7 @@ test('url() contains file in publicDir, in <style> tag', async () => {
   expect(await getBg('.style-public-assets')).toContain(iconMatch)
 })
 
-test.skip('url() contains file in publicDir, as inline style', async () => {
-  // TODO: To investigate why `await getBg('.inline-style-public') === "url("http://localhost:5173/icon.png")"`
-  // It supposes to be `url("http://localhost:5173/foo/bar/icon.png")`
-  // (I built the playground to verify)
+test('url() contains file in publicDir, as inline style', async () => {
   expect(await getBg('.inline-style-public')).toContain(iconMatch)
 })