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expressions.md

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Operators

Sanny Builder supports many common operations to be written without an explicit opcode. The compiler, in this context, analyzes both the left and right sides of the expression as well as the operator between them to determine the appropriate opcode to use.

Due to the nature of the language, there are different opcodes for different types of data involved in operations. For instance, adding integer values requires a distinct opcode compared to adding two floating-point values. In most cases, the compiler is able to figure out the opcode automatically, but sometimes an upfront declaration of variable types is needed to disambiguate the opcode.

The majority of supported operations in Sanny Builder involve just two operands: one on the left-hand side (LHS) and another on the right-hand side (RHS).

Assignment

  • LHS = RHS - an assignment operation. RHS is a numeric constant, variable, or string literal. In this context, LHS always refers to a variable.
  • LHS += RHS - an addition operation. LHS and RHS must be of the same type, either integer or float. The value of LHS gets incremented by the value of RHS.
  • LHS -= RHS - a subtraction operation
  • LHS *= RHS - a multiplication operation
  • LHS /= RHS - a division operation

The following operations require the CLEO extension ({$USE CLEO} or {$CLEO}).

  • LHS = value1 + value2 - add two integer values together and write the result in LHS
  • LHS = value1 - value2 - subtract one integer value from another and write the result in LHS
  • LHS = value1 * value2 - multiply two integer values and write the result in LHS
  • LHS = value1 / value2 - divide one integer value by another and write the result in LHS

Comparison

  • LHS == RHS - an "equal to" operation. Both sides must have the same value for the comparison to return true
  • LHS > RHS - a "greater than" operation
  • LHS >= RHS - a "greater than or equal to" operation
  • LHS < RHS - a "less than" operation
  • LHS <= RHS - a "less than or equal to" operation
  • LHS <> RHS - a "not equal" operation. Both sides must have different values for the comparison to return true

{% hint style="info" %} The language does not have a dedicated Boolean type. The result of each comparison only affects the current IF statement. {% endhint %}

Bitwise

The game lacks native support for bitwise operations, making them accessible exclusively through the use of a CLEO plugin. The bitwise extension must be enabled to use the following operations ({$USE bitwise}).

Operation Opcode Expression
AND 0B10 0@ = 1@ & 2@
OR 0B11 0@ = 1@ | 2@
XOR 0B12 0@ = 1@ ^ 2@
NOT 0B13 0@ = ~1@
MOD 0B14 0@ = 1@ % 2@
Shift Right 0B15 0@ = 1@ >> 2@
Shift Left 0B16 0@ = 1@ << 2@
AND (compound assignment) 0B17 0@ &= 1@
OR (compound assignment) 0B18 0@ |= 1@
XOR (compound assignment) 0B19 0@ ^= 1@
NOT (mutable) 0B1A ~0@
MOD (compound assignment) 0B1B 0@ %= 1@
Shift Right (compound assignment) 0B1C 0@ >>= 1@
Shift Left (compound assignment) 0B1D 0@ <<= 1@

Timed addition and subtraction

The game natively supports timed addition and subtraction, providing FPS-independent calculations in relevant contexts. Read an article on GTAMods.com for more information.

Operation Opcode Expression
ADD_TIMED_VAL_TO_FLOAT_VAR 0078 $var +=@ 5.0
ADD_TIMED_VAL_TO_FLOAT_LVAR 0079 0@ +=@ 5.0
ADD_TIMED_FLOAT_VAR_TO_FLOAT_VAR 007A $var1 +=@ $var2
ADD_TIMED_FLOAT_LVAR_TO_FLOAT_LVAR 007B 0@ +=@ 1@
ADD_TIMED_FLOAT_VAR_TO_FLOAT_LVAR 007C 0@ +=@ $var
ADD_TIMED_FLOAT_LVAR_TO_FLOAT_VAR 007D $var +=@ 1@
SUB_TIMED_VAL_FROM_FLOAT_VAR 007E $var -=@ 5.0
SUB_TIMED_VAL_FROM_FLOAT_LVAR 007F 0@ -=@ 5.0
SUB_TIMED_FLOAT_VAR_FROM_FLOAT_VAR 0080 $var1 -=@ $var2
SUB_TIMED_FLOAT_LVAR_FROM_FLOAT_LVAR 0081 0@ -=@ 1@
SUB_TIMED_FLOAT_VAR_FROM_FLOAT_LVAR 0082 0@ -=@ $var
SUB_TIMED_FLOAT_LVAR_FROM_FLOAT_VAR 0083 $var -=@ 1@

Cast assignment

Casting operations convert a value from one type to another. The game supports a conversion between Integer and Float types.

{% hint style="info" %} The use of the operator =# requires that types of both variables are known. {% endhint %}

Operation Opcode Expression
CSET_VAR_INT_TO_VAR_FLOAT 008C $i =# $f
CSET_VAR_FLOAT_TO_VAR_INT 008D $f =# $i
CSET_LVAR_INT_TO_VAR_FLOAT 008E 0@ =# $f
CSET_LVAR_FLOAT_TO_VAR_INT 008F 1@ =# $i
CSET_VAR_INT_TO_LVAR_FLOAT 0090 $i =# 1@
CSET_VAR_FLOAT_TO_LVAR_INT 0091 $f =# 0@
CSET_LVAR_INT_TO_LVAR_FLOAT 0092 0@ =# 1@
CSET_LVAR_FLOAT_TO_LVAR_INT 0093 1@ =# 0@