gh-36110: Update Cython to 3.0.2
    
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This PR builds on #36109 and contains the rest of changes needed to
update Cython to 3.0.0. The actual changes needed for building Sage are
a632238 for the code,
67ad2e4 for the build system, and
7195b8f for the doctests. The rest of
commits are either from #36109 or for patching dependencies.

Closes #29863.

Ideally we should wait until numpy and scipy are upgraded to 1.25 and
1.11 respectively before merging this, so we can drop the patches for
them.

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### ⌛ Dependencies

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- Depends on #36109
- Depends on #36112 (merged here)

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URL: #36110
Reported by: Yutao Yuan
Reviewer(s): Gonzalo Tornaría, Kwankyu Lee, Matthias Köppe, Tobias Diez

Author: Release Manager

build/pkgs/cypari/patches/cython3-legacy.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+commit 8ef356a4eb936c37f55a5c501f3a955e6740c0c5
+Author: Gonzalo Tornaría <[email protected]>
+Date:   Wed Jul 19 19:45:23 2023 -0300
+
+    cython3 support using legacy directives
+
+diff --git a/cypari2/gen.pyx b/cypari2/gen.pyx
+index 247b1ad..75050a0 100644
+--- a/cypari2/gen.pyx
++++ b/cypari2/gen.pyx
+@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ cdef class Gen(Gen_base):
+         >>> pari = Pari()
+         >>> L = pari("vector(10,i,i^2)")
+         >>> L.__iter__()
+-        <generator object at ...>
++        <...generator object at ...>
+         >>> [x for x in L]
+         [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
+         >>> list(L)
+diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
+index 2188711..455337f 100755
+--- a/setup.py
++++ b/setup.py
+@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ class build_ext(_build_ext):
+             "binding": True,
+             "cdivision": True,
+             "language_level": 2,
++            "legacy_implicit_noexcept": True,
++            "c_api_binop_methods": True,
+         }
+ 
+         _build_ext.finalize_options(self)

build/pkgs/cysignals/patches/cython3-fix-warning.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+diff --git a/src/cysignals/signals.pxd.in b/src/cysignals/signals.pxd.in
+index c86e085..a98c8d1 100644
+--- a/src/cysignals/signals.pxd.in
++++ b/src/cysignals/signals.pxd.in
+@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ cdef extern from "macros.h" nogil:
+ # can be used to make Cython check whether there is a pending exception
+ # (PyErr_Occurred() is non-NULL). To Cython, it will look like
+ # cython_check_exception() actually raised the exception.
+-cdef inline void cython_check_exception() nogil except *:
++cdef inline void cython_check_exception() except * nogil:
+     pass
+ 
+ 

build/pkgs/cysignals/patches/cython3-legacy.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+commit 9996a4028ddc7f9a5ffda3df65d5b7d3b7df8aa5
+Author: Gonzalo Tornaría <[email protected]>
+Date:   Wed Jul 19 18:34:57 2023 -0300
+
+    cython3 support using legacy directives
+
+diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
+index 37acdfc..f68270b 100755
+--- a/setup.py
++++ b/setup.py
+@@ -157,13 +157,17 @@ class build_ext(_build_ext):
+         # Run Cython with -Werror on continuous integration services
+         # with Python 3.6 or later
+         from Cython.Compiler import Options
+-        Options.warning_errors = True
++        Options.warning_errors = False
+ 
+         from Cython.Build.Dependencies import cythonize
+         return cythonize(extensions,
+                 build_dir=cythonize_dir,
+                 include_path=["src", os.path.join(cythonize_dir, "src")],
+-                compiler_directives=dict(binding=True, language_level=2))
++                compiler_directives=dict(
++                    binding=True,
++                    language_level=2,
++                    legacy_implicit_noexcept=True,
++                    ))
+ 
+ 
+ class build_py(_build_py):

build/pkgs/cython/checksums.ini

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 tarball=Cython-VERSION.tar.gz
-sha1=762987c737acfe7532cb3da38b450fb6e0cf1d7b
-md5=a4d0f9fbc9c137f1a88937cd40e8c5ee
-cksum=2260471737
+sha1=08eb99f7c95b7ca667b1547575e7369d8064b4b3
+md5=00def3f2b96c393098e01eb2f1f169ad
+cksum=2321746451
 upstream_url=https://pypi.io/packages/source/C/Cython/Cython-VERSION.tar.gz

build/pkgs/cython/dependencies

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
- | $(PYTHON_TOOLCHAIN) $(PYTHON)
+ | $(PYTHON_TOOLCHAIN) $(PYTHON) pythran
 
 ----------
 All lines of this file are ignored except the first.

build/pkgs/cython/install-requires.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-cython >=0.29.21, <1.0
+cython >=3.0, <4.0

build/pkgs/cython/package-version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.29.36
+3.0.2