diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs
index 7c90cbb9092b8..c1ec5d68a7b6b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ macro_rules! arena_types {
             [] attribute: rustc_ast::Attribute,
             [] name_set: rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet<rustc_span::symbol::Symbol>,
             [] hir_id_set: rustc_hir::HirIdSet,
+            [] late_bound_lifetimes: rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexSet<rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId>,
 
             // Interned types
             [] tys: rustc_data_structures::intern::WithStableHash<rustc_middle::ty::TyS<'tcx>>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
index 70586cefaeee1..11ce6313147d4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use crate::ty;
 
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxIndexSet};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_hir::ItemLocalId;
 use rustc_macros::HashStable;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ pub struct ResolveLifetimes {
     /// Set of lifetime def ids that are late-bound; a region can
     /// be late-bound if (a) it does NOT appear in a where-clause and
     /// (b) it DOES appear in the arguments.
-    pub late_bound: FxHashMap<LocalDefId, FxHashSet<LocalDefId>>,
+    pub late_bound: FxHashMap<LocalDefId, FxIndexSet<LocalDefId>>,
 
     pub late_bound_vars: FxHashMap<LocalDefId, FxHashMap<ItemLocalId, Vec<ty::BoundVariableKind>>>,
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index 6d7ec247d0452..a23ff302a40aa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -1537,7 +1537,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         Option<&'tcx FxHashMap<ItemLocalId, Region>> {
         desc { "looking up a named region" }
     }
-    query is_late_bound_map(_: LocalDefId) -> Option<(LocalDefId, &'tcx FxHashSet<LocalDefId>)> {
+    query is_late_bound_map(_: LocalDefId) -> Option<(LocalDefId, &'tcx FxIndexSet<LocalDefId>)> {
         desc { "testing if a region is late bound" }
     }
     /// For a given item (like a struct), gets the default lifetimes to be used
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs
index fb937ded65af1..1bb49a59ba47b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ use crate::ty::{self, AdtSizedConstraint, CrateInherentImpls, ParamEnvAnd, Ty, T
 use rustc_ast as ast;
 use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::AllocatorKind;
 use rustc_attr as attr;
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet, FxIndexMap};
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet, FxIndexMap, FxIndexSet};
 use rustc_data_structures::steal::Steal;
 use rustc_data_structures::svh::Svh;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
index ff75e4eae3568..9b4184840bd27 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 use crate::late::diagnostics::{ForLifetimeSpanType, MissingLifetimeSpot};
 use rustc_ast::walk_list;
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet, FxIndexMap};
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet, FxIndexMap, FxIndexSet};
 use rustc_errors::{struct_span_err, Applicability, Diagnostic};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
@@ -482,6 +482,11 @@ fn convert_named_region_map(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, named_region_map: NamedRegionMap) -
         let def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(hir_id);
         map.insert(def_id);
     }
+    for (_, late_bound) in &mut rl.late_bound {
+        late_bound.sort_by(|&a, &b| {
+            tcx.def_path_hash(a.to_def_id()).cmp(&tcx.def_path_hash(b.to_def_id()))
+        });
+    }
     for (hir_id, v) in named_region_map.late_bound_vars {
         let map = rl.late_bound_vars.entry(hir_id.owner).or_default();
         map.insert(hir_id.local_id, v);
@@ -540,7 +545,7 @@ fn item_for(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, local_def_id: LocalDefId) -> LocalDefId {
 fn is_late_bound_map<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     def_id: LocalDefId,
-) -> Option<(LocalDefId, &'tcx FxHashSet<LocalDefId>)> {
+) -> Option<(LocalDefId, &'tcx FxIndexSet<LocalDefId>)> {
     match tcx.def_kind(def_id) {
         DefKind::AnonConst | DefKind::InlineConst => {
             let mut def_id = tcx.local_parent(def_id);
diff --git a/src/test/incremental/async-lifetimes.rs b/src/test/incremental/async-lifetimes.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..90a0b93b99a13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/incremental/async-lifetimes.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// revisions: rpass1 rpass2
+// edition:2021
+
+// See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/98890
+
+#![allow(unused)]
+
+struct Foo;
+
+impl Foo {
+    async fn f(&self, _: &&()) -> &() {
+        &()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(rpass2)]
+enum Bar {}
+
+fn main() {}