Rollup merge of #140024 - cjgillot:continue-jumping, r=compiler-errors

Remove early exits from JumpThreading.

This removes early exits from rust-lang/rust#131203 as I asked during review.

The correctness of the backtracking is `mutated_statement` clearing all relevant conditions. If `process_statement` fails to insert a new condition, for instance by const-eval failure, `mutated_statement`  still removes the obsolete conditions from the state.

r? `@compiler-errors`

Author: ChrisDenton