Support zstd-compressed ELF sections.

zstd has been introduced as an alternative to zlib for the compression of debug
sections.[0] Toolchain support is widely present at this time but lack of
support in backtrace is a severe limitation on using this feature in Rust
programs.

This uses a Rust reimplementation of zstd (the ruzstd crate). This has the
benefit of simplifying the build process, but this crate is less used and
admittedly slower than the zstd crate that binds to the C libzstd.

[0] https://maskray.me/blog/2022-09-09-zstd-compressed-debug-sections

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ jobs:
             rust: beta
           - os: ubuntu-20.04
             rust: nightly
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04
+            rust: stable
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04
+            rust: beta
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04
+            rust: nightly
           - os: macos-latest
             rust: stable
           - os: macos-latest
@@ -48,6 +54,12 @@ jobs:
       - run: echo RUSTFLAGS=-Dwarnings >> $GITHUB_ENV
         shell: bash
 
+      # Starting with Ubuntu 22.04 libc6-dbg is needed.
+      - name: Install libc debug info
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libc6-dbg
+        shell: bash
+        if: contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu-24.04')
+
       # full fidelity of backtraces on 32-bit msvc requires frame pointers, so
       # enable that for our tests
       - name: Force frame pointers
@@ -80,6 +92,10 @@ jobs:
         if: contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
         env:
           RUSTFLAGS: "-C link-arg=-Wl,--compress-debug-sections=zlib"
+      - run: cargo test
+        if: contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu-24.04') || contains(matrix.rust, 'nightly')
+        env:
+          RUSTFLAGS: "-C link-arg=-Wl,--compress-debug-sections=zstd"
 
       # Test that, on macOS, packed/unpacked debuginfo both work
       - run: cargo clean && cargo test

Cargo.toml

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ cpp_demangle = { default-features = false, version = "0.4.0", optional = true, f
 
 [target.'cfg(not(all(windows, target_env = "msvc", not(target_vendor = "uwp"))))'.dependencies]
 miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7.0", default-features = false }
+ruzstd = { version = "0.7.0", default-features = false }
 addr2line = { version = "0.22.0", default-features = false }
 libc = { version = "0.2.146", default-features = false }
 

crates/as-if-std/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ libc = { version = "0.2.146", default-features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(not(all(windows, target_env = "msvc", not(target_vendor = "uwp"))))'.dependencies]
 miniz_oxide = { version = "0.7.0", optional = true, default-features = false }
+ruzstd = { version = "0.7.0", optional = true, default-features = false }
 addr2line = { version = "0.22.0", optional = true, default-features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(not(all(windows, target_env = "msvc", not(target_vendor = "uwp"))))'.dependencies.object]
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ windows-bindgen = "0.56"
 
 [features]
 default = ['backtrace']
-backtrace = ['addr2line', 'miniz_oxide', 'object']
+backtrace = ['addr2line', 'miniz_oxide', 'object', 'ruzstd']
 std = []
 
 [lints.rust]

src/symbolize/gimli/elf.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ use super::{gimli, Context, Endian, EndianSlice, Mapping, Stash, Vec};
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use core::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
 use core::str;
-use object::elf::{ELFCOMPRESS_ZLIB, ELF_NOTE_GNU, NT_GNU_BUILD_ID, SHF_COMPRESSED};
+use object::elf::{
+    ELFCOMPRESS_ZLIB, ELFCOMPRESS_ZSTD, ELF_NOTE_GNU, NT_GNU_BUILD_ID, SHF_COMPRESSED,
+};
 use object::read::elf::{CompressionHeader, FileHeader, SectionHeader, SectionTable, Sym};
 use object::read::StringTable;
 use object::{BigEndian, Bytes, NativeEndian};
@@ -170,22 +172,30 @@ impl<'a> Object<'a> {
             let mut data = Bytes(section.data(self.endian, self.data).ok()?);
 
             // Check for DWARF-standard (gABI) compression, i.e., as generated
-            // by ld's `--compress-debug-sections=zlib-gabi` flag.
+            // by ld's `--compress-debug-sections=zlib-gabi` and
+            // `--compress-debug-sections=zstd` flags.
             let flags: u64 = section.sh_flags(self.endian).into();
             if (flags & u64::from(SHF_COMPRESSED)) == 0 {
                 // Not compressed.
                 return Some(data.0);
             }
 
             let header = data.read::<<Elf as FileHeader>::CompressionHeader>().ok()?;
-            if header.ch_type(self.endian) != ELFCOMPRESS_ZLIB {
-                // Zlib compression is the only known type.
-                return None;
+            match header.ch_type(self.endian) {
+                ELFCOMPRESS_ZLIB => {
+                    let size = usize::try_from(header.ch_size(self.endian)).ok()?;
+                    let buf = stash.allocate(size);
+                    decompress_zlib(data.0, buf)?;
+                    return Some(buf);
+                }
+                ELFCOMPRESS_ZSTD => {
+                    let size = usize::try_from(header.ch_size(self.endian)).ok()?;
+                    let buf = stash.allocate(size);
+                    decompress_zstd(data.0, buf)?;
+                    return Some(buf);
+                }
+                _ => return None, // Unknown compression type.
             }
-            let size = usize::try_from(header.ch_size(self.endian)).ok()?;
-            let buf = stash.allocate(size);
-            decompress_zlib(data.0, buf)?;
-            return Some(buf);
         }
 
         // Check for the nonstandard GNU compression format, i.e., as generated
@@ -304,6 +314,13 @@ fn decompress_zlib(input: &[u8], output: &mut [u8]) -> Option<()> {
     }
 }
 
+fn decompress_zstd(input: &[u8], output: &mut [u8]) -> Option<()> {
+    use ruzstd::io::Read;
+
+    let mut decoder = ruzstd::StreamingDecoder::new(input).ok()?;
+    decoder.read_exact(output).ok()
+}
+
 const DEBUG_PATH: &[u8] = b"/usr/lib/debug";
 
 fn debug_path_exists() -> bool {