diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index e8a8cee62..345778bfe 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -27,5 +27,5 @@ jobs:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
           enable-cache: true
           cache-dependency-glob: "uv.lock"
-      - run: uv sync --frozen --extra dev --extra archive
+      - run: uv sync --frozen --group dev --extra archive
       - run: uv run pytest tests/ -q
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mutation.yml b/.github/workflows/mutation.yml
index 4dcb4bc53..4f6e1ac5f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mutation.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mutation.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           cache-dependency-glob: "uv.lock"
-      - run: uv sync --frozen --extra dev --extra archive
+      - run: uv sync --frozen --group dev --extra archive
       - name: Install mutmut
         run: uv pip install mutmut
       - name: Run mutation tests
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
index 6f40062b5..26a5e8ce3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0  # full history so --generate-notes can diff against the prior tag
       - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
-      - run: uv sync --frozen --extra dev --extra archive
+      - run: uv sync --frozen --group dev --extra archive
       - run: uv run pytest tests/ -q
       - run: uv build
       - uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v1
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 3515d6db6..25625e96b 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -63,11 +63,6 @@ aelf-search-tool-hook = "aelfrice.hook_search_tool:main"
 aelf-session-start-hook = "aelfrice.hook:main_session_start"
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
-dev = [
-    "pytest>=8.0",
-    "pytest-timeout>=2.3",
-    "pyright>=1.1.409",
-]
 mcp = [
     "fastmcp>=0.2.0",
 ]
@@ -129,13 +124,11 @@ reportMissingTypeStubs = false
 known_first_party = ["aelfrice", "benchmarks"]
 
 [tool.deptry.per_rule_ignores]
-# DEP002: declared but not imported by src/. These are dev/test/bench-only
-# but live in [project.dependencies] for now; reorganizing into PEP 735
-# groups is tracked as a follow-up issue.
+# DEP002: declared in `[project.optional-dependencies.benchmarks]` extras
+# but not imported by src/aelfrice. They are imported only by
+# `benchmarks/` adapters; the extras stay because `pip install
+# -e ".[benchmarks]"` is a documented contract (benchmarks/README.md).
 DEP002 = [
-    "pytest",
-    "pytest-timeout",
-    "pyright",
     "nltk",
     "tiktoken",
     "datasets",
@@ -150,5 +143,7 @@ DEP003 = ["tomli"]
 
 [dependency-groups]
 dev = [
+    "pytest>=8.0",
+    "pytest-timeout>=2.3",
     "pyright>=1.1.409",
 ]
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index a375a5d50..0f3aa8e2d 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -29,11 +29,6 @@ benchmarks = [
     { name = "nltk" },
     { name = "tiktoken" },
 ]
-dev = [
-    { name = "pyright" },
-    { name = "pytest" },
-    { name = "pytest-timeout" },
-]
 mcp = [
     { name = "fastmcp" },
 ]
@@ -44,6 +39,8 @@ onboard-llm = [
 [package.dev-dependencies]
 dev = [
     { name = "pyright" },
+    { name = "pytest" },
+    { name = "pytest-timeout" },
 ]
 
 [package.metadata]
@@ -55,16 +52,17 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "huggingface-hub", marker = "extra == 'benchmarks'", specifier = ">=0.20" },
     { name = "nltk", marker = "extra == 'benchmarks'", specifier = ">=3.9" },
     { name = "numpy", specifier = ">=2.0" },
-    { name = "pyright", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=1.1.409" },
-    { name = "pytest", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=8.0" },
-    { name = "pytest-timeout", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=2.3" },
     { name = "scipy", specifier = ">=1.11" },
     { name = "tiktoken", marker = "extra == 'benchmarks'", specifier = ">=0.7" },
 ]
-provides-extras = ["dev", "mcp", "onboard-llm", "archive", "benchmarks"]
+provides-extras = ["mcp", "onboard-llm", "archive", "benchmarks"]
 
 [package.metadata.requires-dev]
-dev = [{ name = "pyright", specifier = ">=1.1.409" }]
+dev = [
+    { name = "pyright", specifier = ">=1.1.409" },
+    { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=8.0" },
+    { name = "pytest-timeout", specifier = ">=2.3" },
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "aiofile"