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The Rhyme Programming Language Reference

0.1.0-alpha

Introduction

This is the reference specifications for The Rhyme Programming Language. It serves as a reference for:

  • language design and constructs.
  • defined compiler behavior

Notation

The syntax for the syntactical and lexical grammar is based on the ANTLR4 Grammar:

rule: production | alternative1 | alternative2...;

Lexical rules are in UPPERCASE and syntactical rules are in lowercase.

Lexical Grammar

Comments

These types of commments are ignored by the compiler:

// This is single-line comment

/*
    This is a
    multi-line comment
*/

Keywords

The following is the reserved keywords which can't be as an identifier.

  • else
  • extern
  • false
  • for
  • global
  • if
  • import
  • module
  • null
  • return
  • str
  • true
  • using
  • var
  • void
  • while

Literals

Literals are immediate and concrete values used in expressions. they are treated as constants and qualified for compile-time operations.

Number Literals

Number literals represents numerical values. It can be seperated using (underscore _) for readibility.

Integral Literals
DEC_INT: DEC_DIG+;
BIN_INT: '0' ('b' | 'b') BIN_DIG ('_' | BIN_DIG)*;
OCT_INT: '0' ('o' | 'O') OCT_DIG ('_' | OCT_DIG)*;
HEX_INT: '0' ('x' | 'X') HEX_DIG ('_' | HEX_DIG)*;

DEC_DIG: [0-9];
BIN_DIG: [01]; 
OCT_DIG: [0-7];
HEX_DIG: [0-9a-fA-F];

Integral literals are constants.

Bindings

binding_decl: data_type identifier;

A binding is a named reference to a value.

Types

Types dictates the structure and operations of values.

Numeric Types

Numeric types are integral and floating-point types. It handle the arithmetic operations and calculations.

Type Description
i8 signed 8-bit integer
i16 signed 16-bit integer
i32 signed 32-bit integer
i64 signed 64-bit integer
u8 unsigned 8-bit integer
u16 unsigned 16-bit integer
u32 unsigned 32-bit integer
u64 unsigned 64-bit integer

String Type (str)

Namespace Type (nsp)

Namespace type represents a collection of a bindings under a name.
As example, The directive %cinclude loads the declarations in the header into a namespace binding.

Functions

Modules

Each file must belong to a module this is achieved by declaring that in the top of the file:

module_decl: 'module' identifier ';';