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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: notebooks/examples/heston_vol_surface.md
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name: python3
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---
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# Heston Volatility Surface
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# HestonJ Volatility Surface
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Here we study the Implied volatility surface of the Heston model. The Heston model is a stochastic volatility model that is widely used in the finance industry to price options.
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Here we study the Implied volatility surface of the Heston model with jumps.
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The Heston model is a stochastic volatility model that is widely used in the finance industry to price options.
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```{code-cell} ipython3
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from quantflow.sp.heston import HestonJ
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from quantflow.utils.distributions import DoubleExponential
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: notebooks/models/bns.md
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&= {\mathbb E}\left[\exp{\left(-\tau_t \phi_{w, u} + i u \rho z_{\kappa t}\right)}\right]
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\end{align}
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$\phi_{w, u}$ is the characteristic exponent of $w_1$. The second equivalence is a consequence of $w$ and $\tau$ being independent, as discussed in [the time-changed Lévy](./levy.md) process section.
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$\phi_{w, u}$ is the characteristic exponent of $w_1$. The second equivalence is a consequence of $w$ and $\tau$ being independent, as discussed in [the time-changed Lévy](../theory/levy.md) process section.
fig.update_layout(title="Implied black vols", height=500)
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fig.update_layout(title="Implied black vols - Merton", height=500)
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```
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This term structure of volatility demostrates one of the principal weakness of the Merton's model, and indeed of all jump diffusion models based on Lévy processes, namely the rapid flattening of the volatility surface as time-to-maturity increases.
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This is a variation of the Mertoin model, where the jump distribution is a double exponential, one for the negative jumps and one for the positive jumps.
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This is a variation of the Mertoin model, where the jump distribution is a double exponential.
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The advantage of this model is that it allows for an asymmetric jump distribution, which can be useful in some cases, for example options prices with a skew.
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```{code-cell} ipython3
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from quantflow.utils.distributions import DoubleExponential
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