From b6f9c5d62bcc494db1fb3061a0b2aa5df55bc72b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pysan3 <pysan3@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Nov 2023 17:47:59 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] feat(base): Implement posix methods. WIP

---
 lua/pathlib/base.lua         | 394 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 lua/pathlib/const.lua        | 105 ++++++++++
 lua/pathlib/posix.lua        |  18 ++
 lua/pathlib/utils/errors.lua |  26 ++-
 4 files changed, 531 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lua/pathlib/base.lua b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
index c9a0011..1d9b4a9 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/base.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
@@ -20,11 +20,9 @@ setmetatable(Path, {
   end,
 })
 
----Create a new Path object
+---Private init method to create a new Path object
 ---@param ... string | PathlibPath # List of string and Path objects
----@return PathlibPath
-function Path.new(...)
-  local self = setmetatable({}, Path)
+function Path:_init(...)
   self._raw_paths = utils.lists.str_list.new()
   self._drive_name = ""
   self.__windows_panic = false
@@ -55,15 +53,53 @@ function Path.new(...)
     ::continue::
   end
   self:__clean_paths_list()
+end
+
+---Create a new Path object
+---@param ... string | PathlibPath # List of string and Path objects
+---@return PathlibPath
+function Path.new(...)
+  local self = setmetatable({}, Path)
+  self:_init(...)
   return self
 end
 
+---Create a new Path object as self's child.
+---@param ... string
+---@return PathlibPath
+function Path:new_child(...)
+  local new = Path.new_all_from(self)
+  new._raw_paths:extend({ ... })
+  return new
+end
+
+---Unpack name and return a new self's child
+---@param name string
+---@return PathlibPath
+function Path:new_child_unpack(name)
+  local new = Path.new_all_from(self)
+  for sub in name:gmatch("[/\\]") do
+    new._raw_paths:append(sub)
+  end
+  return new
+end
+
 ---Return `vim.fn.getcwd` in Path object
 ---@return PathlibPath
 function Path.cwd()
   return Path(vim.fn.getcwd())
 end
 
+---Calculate permission integer from "rwxrwxrwx" notation.
+---@param mode_string string
+---@return integer
+function Path.permission(mode_string)
+  err.assert_function("Path.permission", function()
+    return const.check_permission_string(mode_string)
+  end, "mode_string must be in the form of `rwxrwxrwx` or `-` otherwise.")
+  return const.permission_from_string(mode_string)
+end
+
 function Path:__clean_paths_list()
   self._raw_paths:filter_internal(nil, 2)
   if #self._raw_paths > 1 and self._raw_paths[1] == "." then
@@ -123,7 +159,7 @@ function Path:__le(other)
   return (self < other) or (self == other)
 end
 
----Concat paths. `Path.cwd() / "foo" / "bar.txt" == "./foo/bar.txt"`
+---Concatenate paths. `Path.cwd() / "foo" / "bar.txt" == "./foo/bar.txt"`
 ---@param other PathlibPath
 ---@return PathlibPath
 function Path:__div(other)
@@ -134,8 +170,8 @@ function Path:__div(other)
   return self.new(self, other)
 end
 
----Concat paths with the parent of lhs. `Path("./foo/foo.txt") .. "bar.txt" == "./foo/bar.txt"`
----@param other PathlibPath
+---Concatenate paths with the parent of lhs. `Path("./foo/foo.txt") .. "bar.txt" == "./foo/bar.txt"`
+---@param other PathlibPath | string
 ---@return PathlibPath
 -- Path.__concat = function(self, other)
 function Path:__concat(other)
@@ -205,12 +241,21 @@ function Path:copy_all_from(path)
   self._raw_paths:filter_internal(nil, 2)
 end
 
+---Copy all attributes from `path` to self
+---@param path PathlibPath
+function Path.new_all_from(path)
+  local self = setmetatable({}, Path)
+  self.mytype = path.mytype
+  self._drive_name = path._drive_name
+  self._raw_paths:extend(path._raw_paths)
+  return self
+end
+
 ---Inherit from `path` and trim `_raw_paths` if specified.
 ---@param path PathlibPath
 ---@param trim_num number? # 1 will trim the last entry in `_raw_paths`, 2 will trim 2.
 function Path.new_from(path, trim_num)
-  local self = Path.new()
-  self:copy_all_from(path)
+  local self = Path.new_all_from(path)
   if not trim_num or trim_num < 1 then
     return self
   end
@@ -263,4 +308,335 @@ function Path:modify(mods)
   return vim.fn.fnamemodify(tostring(self), mods)
 end
 
+---Call `fs_stat` with callback. This plugin will not help you here.
+---@param follow_symlinks boolean? # Whether to resolve symlinks
+---@param callback fun(err: string?, stat: uv.aliases.fs_stat_table?)
+function Path:stat_async(follow_symlinks, callback)
+  err.check_and_raise_typeerror("Path:stat_async", callback, "function")
+  if follow_symlinks then
+    luv.fs_stat(tostring(self), callback)
+  else
+    luv.fs_lstat(tostring(self), callback) ---@diagnostic disable-line
+  end
+end
+
+---Return result of `luv.fs_stat`. Use `self:stat_async` to use with callback.
+---Returns: `fs_stat_table | (nil, err_name: string, err_msg: string)`
+---@param follow_symlinks? boolean # Whether to resolve symlinks
+---@return uv.aliases.fs_stat_table|nil stat, string? err_name, string? err_msg
+---@nodiscard
+function Path:stat(follow_symlinks)
+  if follow_symlinks then
+    return luv.fs_stat(tostring(self))
+  else
+    return luv.fs_lstat(tostring(self)) ---@diagnostic disable-line
+  end
+end
+
+function Path:lstat()
+  return self:stat(false)
+end
+
+function Path:exists(follow_symlinks)
+  local stat = self:stat(follow_symlinks)
+  return stat and true or false
+end
+
+function Path:is_dir(follow_symlinks)
+  local stat = self:stat(follow_symlinks)
+  return stat and stat.type == "directory"
+end
+
+function Path:is_file(follow_symlinks)
+  local stat = self:stat(follow_symlinks)
+  return stat and stat.type == "file"
+end
+
+function Path:is_symlink()
+  local stat = self:lstat()
+  return stat and stat.type == "link"
+end
+
+---Get mode of path object. Use `self:get_type` to get type description in string instead.
+---@param follow_symlinks boolean # Whether to resolve symlinks
+---@return PathlibModeEnum?
+function Path:get_mode(follow_symlinks)
+  local stat = self:stat(follow_symlinks)
+  return stat and stat.mode
+end
+
+---Get type description of path object. Use `self:get_mode` to get mode instead.
+---@param follow_symlinks boolean # Whether to resolve symlinks
+---@return string?
+function Path:get_type(follow_symlinks)
+  local stat = self:stat(follow_symlinks)
+  return stat and stat.type
+end
+
+---Return whether `other` is the same file or not.
+---@param other PathlibPath
+---@return boolean
+function Path:samefile(other)
+  local stat = self:stat()
+  local other_stat = other:stat()
+  return (stat and other_stat) and (stat.ino == other_stat.ino and stat.dev == stat.dev) or false
+end
+
+function Path:is_mount()
+  if not self:exists() or not self:is_dir() then
+    return false
+  end
+  local stat = self:stat()
+  if not stat then
+    return false
+  end
+  local parent_stat = self:parent():stat()
+  if not parent_stat then
+    return false
+  end
+  if stat.dev ~= parent_stat.dev then
+    return false
+  end
+  return stat.ino and stat.ino == parent_stat.ino
+end
+
+---Make directory. When `recursive` is true, will create parent dirs like shell command `mkdir -p`
+---@param mode integer # permission. You may use `Path.permission()` to convert from "rwxrwxrwx"
+---@param recursive boolean # if true, creates parent directories as well
+function Path:mkdir(mode, recursive)
+  if recursive then
+    for parent in self:parents() do
+      if not parent:exists(true) then
+        parent:mkdir(mode, true)
+      else
+        break
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  luv.fs_mkdir(tostring(self), mode)
+end
+
+---Make file. When `recursive` is true, will create parent dirs like shell command `mkdir -p`
+---@param mode integer # permission. You may use `Path.permission()` to convert from "rwxrwxrwx"
+---@param recursive boolean # if true, creates parent directories as well
+---@return boolean success, string? err_name, string? err_msg # true if successfully created.
+function Path:touch(mode, recursive)
+  local fd, err_name, err_msg = self:open("w", mode, recursive)
+  if fd == nil then
+    return false, err_name, err_msg
+  else
+    luv.fs_close(fd)
+    return true
+  end
+end
+
+---Create a simlink named `self` pointing to `target`
+---@param target PathlibPath
+function Path:symlink_to(target)
+  -- TODO: Not Implemented
+  error("Not Implemented")
+end
+
+---Create a hardlink named `self` pointing to `target`
+---@param target PathlibPath
+function Path:hardlink_to(target)
+  -- TODO: Not Implemented
+  error("Not Implemented")
+end
+
+---Rename `self` to `target`. If `target` exists, fails with false. Ref: `Path:move`
+---@param target PathlibPath
+function Path:rename(target)
+  -- TODO: Not Implemented
+  error("Not Implemented")
+end
+
+---Move `self` to `target`. Overwrites `target` if exists. Ref: `Path:rename`
+---@param target PathlibPath
+function Path:move(target)
+  -- TODO: Not Implemented
+  error("Not Implemented")
+end
+
+---@deprecated Use `Path:move` instead.
+---@param target PathlibPath
+function Path:replace(target)
+  return self:move(target)
+end
+
+---Resolves path. Eliminates `../` representation.
+---Changes internal. (See `Path:resolve_copy` to create new object)
+function Path:resolve()
+  -- TODO: Not Implemented
+  error("Not Implemented")
+end
+
+---Resolves path. Eliminates `../` representation and returns a new object. `self` is not changed.
+---@return PathlibPath
+function Path:resolve_copy()
+  -- TODO: Not Implemented
+  error("Not Implemented")
+end
+
+---Change the permission of the path to `mode`.
+---@param mode integer # permission. You may use `Path.permission()` to convert from "rwxrwxrwx"
+---@param follow_symlinks boolean # Whether to resolve symlinks
+---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg
+function Path:chmod(mode, follow_symlinks)
+  if follow_symlinks then
+    return luv.fs_chmod(tostring(self:resolve()), mode)
+  else
+    return luv.fs_chmod(tostring(self), mode)
+  end
+end
+
+---Remove this file or link. If the path is a directory, use `Path:rmdir()` instead.
+---@param missing_ok boolean
+function Path:unlink(missing_ok)
+  -- TODO: Not Implemented
+  error("Not Implemented")
+end
+
+---Remove this directory.  The directory must be empty.
+function Path:rmdir()
+  -- TODO: Not Implemented
+  error("Not Implemented")
+end
+
+---Return the login name of the file owner.
+function Path:owner()
+  -- TODO: Not Implemented
+  error("Not Implemented")
+end
+
+---Return the group name of the file GID.
+function Path:group()
+  -- TODO: Not Implemented
+  error("Not Implemented")
+end
+
+---Call `luv.fs_open`. Use `self:open_async` to use with callback.
+---@param flags uv.aliases.fs_access_flags|integer
+---@param mode integer # permission. You may use `Path.permission()` to convert from "rwxrwxrwx".
+---@param ensure_dir integer|boolean|nil # if not nil, runs `mkdir -p self:parent()` with permission to ensure parent exists.
+---  `true` will default to 755.
+---@return integer|nil fd, string? err_name, string? err_msg
+---@nodiscard
+function Path:open(flags, mode, ensure_dir)
+  if ensure_dir == true then
+    ensure_dir = const.permission_from_string("rwxr-xr-x")
+  end
+  if type(ensure_dir) == "integer" then
+    self:parent():mkdir(ensure_dir, true)
+  end
+  return luv.fs_open(tostring(self), flags, mode)
+end
+
+---Call `luv.fs_open` with callback. Use `self:open` for sync version.
+---@param flags uv.aliases.fs_access_flags|integer
+---@param mode integer # permission. You may use `Path.permission()` to convert from "rwxrwxrwx".
+---@param ensure_dir integer|boolean|nil # if not nil, runs `mkdir -p self:parent()` with permission to ensure parent exists.
+---  `true` will default to 755.
+---@param callback fun(err: nil|string, fd: integer|nil)
+---@return uv_fs_t
+function Path:open_async(flags, mode, ensure_dir, callback)
+  if ensure_dir == true then
+    ensure_dir = const.permission_from_string("rwxr-xr-x")
+  end
+  if type(ensure_dir) == "integer" then
+    self:parent():mkdir(ensure_dir, true)
+  end
+  return luv.fs_open(tostring(self), flags, mode, callback)
+end
+
+---Call `luv.fs_read`. Use `self:open_async` and `luv.read` to use with callback.
+---@param size integer
+---@param offset integer|nil
+---@return string|nil data, string? err_name, string? err_msg
+---@nodiscard
+function Path:read(size, offset)
+  local flags = luv.constants.O_RDONLY
+  local fd, open_err, open_err_msg = self:open(flags, 0)
+  if fd == nil then
+    return nil, open_err, open_err_msg
+  end
+  local data, err_name, err_msg = luv.fs_read(fd, size, offset)
+  luv.fs_close(fd)
+  return data, err_name, err_msg ---@diagnostic disable-line
+end
+
+---Call `luv.fs_write`. Use `self:open_async` and `luv.write` to use with callback. If failed, returns nil
+---@param mode integer # permission. You may use `Path.permission()` to convert from "rwxrwxrwx". Overwrites S_IWRITE to true.
+---@param data uv.aliases.buffer
+---@param offset integer|nil
+---@return integer|nil bytes, string? err_name, string? err_msg
+---@nodiscard
+function Path:write(mode, data, offset)
+  local flags = luv.constants.O_CREAT + luv.constants.O_RDWR + luv.constants.O_TRUNC
+  local fd, open_err, open_err_msg =
+    self:open(flags, const.bitoper(mode, const.fs_permission_enum.S_IWRITE, const.bitops.OR))
+  if fd == nil then
+    return nil, open_err, open_err_msg
+  end
+  local bytes, err_name, err_msg = luv.fs_write(fd, data, offset)
+  luv.fs_close(fd)
+  return bytes, err_name, err_msg ---@diagnostic disable-line
+end
+
+---Alias to `vim.fs.dir` but returns PathlibPath objects.
+---@param opts table|nil Optional keyword arguments:
+---             - depth: integer|nil How deep the traverse (default 1)
+---             - skip: (fun(dir_name: string): boolean)|nil Predicate
+---               to control traversal. Return false to stop searching the current directory.
+---               Only useful when depth > 1
+---
+---@return fun(): PathlibPath?, string? # items in {self}. Each iteration yields two values: "path" and "type".
+---        "path" is the PathlibPath object.
+---        "type" is one of the following:
+---        "file", "directory", "link", "fifo", "socket", "char", "block", "unknown".
+function Path:iterdir(opts)
+  local generator = vim.fs.dir(tostring(self), opts)
+  return function()
+    local name, fs_type = generator()
+    if name ~= nil then
+      return self:new_child(unpack(vim.split(name:gsub("\\", "/"), "/", { plain = true, trimempty = false }))), fs_type
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+---Iterate directory with callback receiving PathlibPath objects
+---@param callback fun(path: PathlibPath, fs_type: uv.aliases.fs_stat_types): boolean? # function called for each child in directory
+---  When `callback` returns `false` the iteration will break out.
+---@param on_error? fun(err: string) # function called when `luv.fs_scandir` fails
+---@param on_exit? fun(count: integer) # function called after the scan has finished. `count` gives the number of children
+function Path:iterdir_async(callback, on_error, on_exit)
+  luv.fs_scandir(tostring(self), function(e, handler)
+    if e or not handler then
+      if on_error and e then
+        on_error(e)
+      end
+      return
+    end
+    local counter = 0
+    while true do
+      local name, fs_type = luv.fs_scandir_next(handler)
+      if not name or not fs_type then
+        break
+      end
+      counter = counter + 1
+      if callback(self:new_child_unpack(name), fs_type) == false then
+        break
+      end
+    end
+    if on_exit then
+      on_exit(counter)
+    end
+  end)
+end
+
+function Path:glob(pattern, follow_symlinks)
+  -- TODO: Implement glob
+  error("Not Implemented")
+end
+
 return Path
diff --git a/lua/pathlib/const.lua b/lua/pathlib/const.lua
index b8a2509..60b41e7 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/const.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/const.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
 local M = {}
 
+---@enum PathlibBitOps
+M.bitops = {
+  OR = 1,
+  XOR = 3,
+  AND = 4,
+}
+
+---Bitwise operator for uint32
+---@param a integer
+---@param b integer
+---@param oper PathlibBitOps
+---@return integer
+M.bitoper = function(a, b, oper)
+  local s
+  local r, m = 0, 2 ^ 31
+  repeat
+    s, a, b = a + b + m, a % m, b % m
+    r, m = r + m * oper % (s - a - b), m / 2
+  until m < 1
+  return r
+end
+
 ---@enum PathlibPathEnum
 M.path_module_enum = {
   PathlibPath = "PathlibPath",
@@ -7,4 +29,87 @@ M.path_module_enum = {
   PathlibWindows = "PathlibWindows",
 }
 
+---Return the portion of the file's mode that can be set by os.chmod()
+---@param mode integer
+---@return integer
+M.fs_imode = function(mode)
+  return M.bitoper(mode, tonumber("0o7777", 8), M.bitops.AND)
+end
+
+---Return the portion of the file's mode that can be set by os.chmod()
+---@param mode integer
+---@return integer
+M.fs_ifmt = function(mode)
+  return M.bitoper(mode, tonumber("0o170000", 8), M.bitops.AND)
+end
+
+---@enum PathlibModeEnum
+M.fs_mode_enum = {
+  S_IFDIR = 16384, -- 0o040000  # directory
+  S_IFCHR = 8192, -- 0o020000  # character device
+  S_IFBLK = 24576, -- 0o060000  # block device
+  S_IFREG = 32768, -- 0o100000  # regular file
+  S_IFIFO = 4096, -- 0o010000  # fifo (named pipe)
+  S_IFLNK = 40960, -- 0o120000  # symbolic link
+  S_IFSOCK = 49152, -- 0o140000  # socket file
+}
+
+---@enum PathlibPermissionEnum
+M.fs_permission_enum = {
+  S_ISUID = 2048, -- 0o4000  # set UID bit
+  S_ISGID = 1024, -- 0o2000  # set GID bit
+  S_ENFMT = 1024, -- S_ISGID # file locking enforcement
+  S_ISVTX = 512, -- 0o1000  # sticky bit
+  S_IREAD = 256, -- 0o0400  # Unix V7 synonym for S_IRUSR
+  S_IWRITE = 128, -- 0o0200 # Unix V7 synonym for S_IWUSR
+  S_IEXEC = 64, -- 0o0100  # Unix V7 synonym for S_IXUSR
+  S_IRWXU = 448, -- 0o0700  # mask for owner permissions
+  S_IRUSR = 256, -- 0o0400  # read by owner
+  S_IWUSR = 128, -- 0o0200  # write by owner
+  S_IXUSR = 64, -- 0o0100  # execute by owner
+  S_IRWXG = 56, -- 0o0070  # mask for group permissions
+  S_IRGRP = 32, -- 0o0040  # read by group
+  S_IWGRP = 16, -- 0o0020  # write by group
+  S_IXGRP = 8, -- 0o0010  # execute by group
+  S_IRWXO = 7, -- 0o0007  # mask for others (not in group) permissions
+  S_IROTH = 4, -- 0o0004  # read by others
+  S_IWOTH = 2, -- 0o0002  # write by others
+  S_IXOTH = 1, -- 0o0001  # execute by others
+}
+
+---Check if `mode_string` is a valid representation of permission string. (Eg `rwxrwxrwx`)
+---@param mode_string string # "rwxrwxrwx" or '-' where permission not allowed
+---@return boolean
+M.check_permission_string = function(mode_string)
+  if type(mode_string) ~= "string" then
+    return false
+  end
+  if #mode_string ~= 9 then
+    return false
+  end
+  local modes = { "r", "w", "x" }
+  local index = 1
+  for value in mode_string:gmatch(".") do
+    if value ~= "-" or modes[index % 3] ~= value then
+      return false
+    end
+    index = index + 1
+  end
+  return true
+end
+
+---Return integer of permission representing. Assert `M.check_permission_string` beforehand or this function will not work as expected.
+---@param mode_string string
+---@return integer
+M.permission_from_string = function(mode_string)
+  local result = 0
+  for value in mode_string:gmatch(".") do
+    result = result * 2
+    if value ~= "-" then
+      result = result + 1
+    end
+  end
+  return result
+end
+
 return M
diff --git a/lua/pathlib/posix.lua b/lua/pathlib/posix.lua
index e69de29..38d4c28 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/posix.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/posix.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+local Path = require("pathlib.base")
+
+---@class PathlibPosixPath
+local PosixPath = {}
+PosixPath.__index = PosixPath
+setmetatable(PosixPath, {
+  __index = Path,
+  __call = function(cls, ...)
+    local self = setmetatable({}, cls)
+    self:_init(...)
+    return self
+  end,
+})
+
+function PosixPath:_init(...)
+  Path._init(self, ...)
+  -- TODO: PosixPath specific init procs
+end
diff --git a/lua/pathlib/utils/errors.lua b/lua/pathlib/utils/errors.lua
index 023aef5..0fa54b4 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/utils/errors.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/utils/errors.lua
@@ -1,14 +1,34 @@
 local M = {}
 
 ---Raise ValueError
----@param func_name string # function name where error is raised
+---@param annotation string # function name where error is raised
 ---@param object any # Object with wrong value.
-M.value_error = function(func_name, object)
+M.value_error = function(annotation, object)
   local type_msg = type(object)
   if type(object) == "table" then
     type_msg = type_msg .. (" (mytype=%s)"):format(object.mytype)
   end
-  error(("PathlibPath: ValueError: %s called against unknown type: %s"):format(func_name, type_msg), 2)
+  error(("PathlibPath: ValueError (%s): called against unknown type: %s"):format(annotation, type_msg), 2)
+end
+
+---Raise TypeError
+---@param annotation string # function name where error is raised
+---@param object any # Object with wrong value.
+M.check_and_raise_typeerror = function(annotation, object, expected_type)
+  local type_msg = type(object)
+  if type(object) ~= expected_type then
+    error(("PathlibPath: TypeError (%s). Expected type %s but got %s"):format(annotation, type_msg, expected_type), 2)
+  end
+end
+
+---Run assert function and raise error.
+---@param annotation string # function name where error is raised
+---@param assert_func fun(): boolean # assert function to run
+---@param description string # description of the error
+M.assert_function = function(annotation, assert_func, description)
+  if not assert_func() then
+    error(("PathlibPath: AssertionError (%s). %s"):format(annotation, description), 2)
+  end
 end
 
 return M

From 062a8b125a38e1ebf5e54eca6a528401be687019 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pysan3 <pysan3@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 00:45:33 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] feat(base): resolve file path with `../` on new

---
 lua/pathlib/base.lua | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lua/pathlib/base.lua b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
index 1d9b4a9..6483a11 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/base.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ function Path:_init(...)
   self._raw_paths = utils.lists.str_list.new()
   self._drive_name = ""
   self.__windows_panic = false
+  local run_resolve = false
   for i, s in ipairs({ ... }) do
     if utils.tables.is_type_of(s, const.path_module_enum.PathlibPath) then
       ---@cast s PathlibPath
@@ -44,8 +45,9 @@ function Path:_init(...)
       local splits = vim.split(path, "/", { plain = true, trimempty = false })
       if #splits == 0 then
         goto continue
+      elseif vim.tbl_contains(splits, "..") then -- deal with '../' later in `self:resolve()`
+        run_resolve = true
       end
-      -- elseif -- TODO: deal with `../`
       self._raw_paths:extend(splits)
     else
       error("PathlibPath(new): ValueError: Invalid type as argument: " .. ("%s (%s: %s)"):format(type(s), i, s))
@@ -53,6 +55,9 @@ function Path:_init(...)
     ::continue::
   end
   self:__clean_paths_list()
+  if run_resolve then
+    self:resolve()
+  end
 end
 
 ---Create a new Path object
@@ -467,15 +472,42 @@ end
 ---Resolves path. Eliminates `../` representation.
 ---Changes internal. (See `Path:resolve_copy` to create new object)
 function Path:resolve()
-  -- TODO: Not Implemented
-  error("Not Implemented")
+  local accum, length = 1, self:len()
+  for _, value in ipairs(self._raw_paths) do
+    if value == ".." and accum > 1 then
+      accum = accum - 1
+    else
+      self._raw_paths[accum] = value
+      accum = accum + 1
+    end
+  end
+  for i = accum, length do
+    self._raw_paths[i] = nil
+  end
 end
 
 ---Resolves path. Eliminates `../` representation and returns a new object. `self` is not changed.
 ---@return PathlibPath
 function Path:resolve_copy()
-  -- TODO: Not Implemented
-  error("Not Implemented")
+  local accum, length, new = 1, self:len(), self:new_all_from()
+  for _, value in ipairs(self._raw_paths) do
+    if value == ".." and accum > 1 then
+      accum = accum - 1
+    else
+      new._raw_paths[accum] = value
+      accum = accum + 1
+    end
+  end
+  for i = accum, length do
+    new._raw_paths[i] = nil
+  end
+  return new
+end
+
+---Get length of `self._raw_paths`. `/foo/bar.txt ==> 3: { "", "foo", "bar.txt" } (root dir counts as 1!!)`
+---@return integer
+function Path:len()
+  return #self._raw_paths
 end
 
 ---Change the permission of the path to `mode`.

From 3ccd8283cac32f1388772f211af39fe2de681d2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pysan3 <pysan3@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 00:46:03 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] fix(base): implement luv and vim.fs wrappers

---
 lua/pathlib/base.lua | 90 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 60 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lua/pathlib/base.lua b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
index 6483a11..f4c545a 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/base.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
@@ -207,6 +207,25 @@ function Path:__tostring()
   return path_str
 end
 
+---Return the group name of the file GID.
+function Path:basename()
+  return fs.basename(tostring(self))
+end
+
+---Return the group name of the file GID. Same as `str(self) minus self:modify(":r")`.
+---@return string # extension of path including the dot (`.`): `.py`, `.lua` etc
+function Path:suffix()
+  local path_str = tostring(self)
+  local without_ext = vim.fn.fnamemodify(path_str, ":r")
+  return path_str:sub(without_ext:len() + 1) or ""
+end
+
+---Return the group name of the file GID. Same as `self:modify(":t:r")`.
+---@return string # stem of path. (src/version.c -> "version")
+function Path:stem()
+  return vim.fn.fnamemodify(tostring(self), ":t:r")
+end
+
 ---Return parent directory of itself. If parent does not exist, returns nil.
 ---@return PathlibPath?
 function Path:parent()
@@ -277,6 +296,15 @@ function Path.stdpath(what)
   return Path.new(vim.fn.stdpath(what))
 end
 
+---Shorthand to `vim.fn.stdpath` and specify child path in later args.
+---Mason bin path: `Path.stdpath("data", "mason", "bin")` or `Path.stdpath("data", "mason/bin")`
+---@param what string # See `:h stdpath` for information
+---@param ... string|PathlibPath # child path after the result of stdpath
+---@return PathlibPath
+function Path.stdpath_child(what, ...)
+  return Path.new(vim.fn.stdpath(what), ...)
+end
+
 ---Returns whether registered path is absolute
 ---@return boolean
 function Path:is_absolute()
@@ -437,30 +465,35 @@ end
 
 ---Create a simlink named `self` pointing to `target`
 ---@param target PathlibPath
+---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg
 function Path:symlink_to(target)
-  -- TODO: Not Implemented
-  error("Not Implemented")
+  utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  return luv.fs_symlink(tostring(self), tostring(target))
 end
 
 ---Create a hardlink named `self` pointing to `target`
 ---@param target PathlibPath
+---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg
 function Path:hardlink_to(target)
-  -- TODO: Not Implemented
-  error("Not Implemented")
+  utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  return luv.fs_link(tostring(self), tostring(target))
 end
 
 ---Rename `self` to `target`. If `target` exists, fails with false. Ref: `Path:move`
 ---@param target PathlibPath
+---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg
 function Path:rename(target)
-  -- TODO: Not Implemented
-  error("Not Implemented")
+  utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  return luv.fs_rename(tostring(self), tostring(target))
 end
 
 ---Move `self` to `target`. Overwrites `target` if exists. Ref: `Path:rename`
 ---@param target PathlibPath
+---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg
 function Path:move(target)
-  -- TODO: Not Implemented
-  error("Not Implemented")
+  utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  target:unlink()
+  return luv.fs_rename(tostring(self), tostring(target))
 end
 
 ---@deprecated Use `Path:move` instead.
@@ -523,28 +556,15 @@ function Path:chmod(mode, follow_symlinks)
 end
 
 ---Remove this file or link. If the path is a directory, use `Path:rmdir()` instead.
----@param missing_ok boolean
-function Path:unlink(missing_ok)
-  -- TODO: Not Implemented
-  error("Not Implemented")
+---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg
+function Path:unlink()
+  return luv.fs_unlink(tostring(self))
 end
 
 ---Remove this directory.  The directory must be empty.
+---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg
 function Path:rmdir()
-  -- TODO: Not Implemented
-  error("Not Implemented")
-end
-
----Return the login name of the file owner.
-function Path:owner()
-  -- TODO: Not Implemented
-  error("Not Implemented")
-end
-
----Return the group name of the file GID.
-function Path:group()
-  -- TODO: Not Implemented
-  error("Not Implemented")
+  return luv.fs_rmdir(tostring(self))
 end
 
 ---Call `luv.fs_open`. Use `self:open_async` to use with callback.
@@ -627,7 +647,7 @@ end
 ---        "type" is one of the following:
 ---        "file", "directory", "link", "fifo", "socket", "char", "block", "unknown".
 function Path:iterdir(opts)
-  local generator = vim.fs.dir(tostring(self), opts)
+  local generator = fs.dir(tostring(self), opts)
   return function()
     local name, fs_type = generator()
     if name ~= nil then
@@ -666,9 +686,19 @@ function Path:iterdir_async(callback, on_error, on_exit)
   end)
 end
 
-function Path:glob(pattern, follow_symlinks)
-  -- TODO: Implement glob
-  error("Not Implemented")
+---Run `vim.fn.globpath` on this path.
+---@param pattern string # glob pattern expression
+---@return fun(): PathlibPath # iterator of results.
+function Path:glob(pattern)
+  local str = tostring(self)
+  err.assert_function("Path:glob", function()
+    return not (str:find([[,]]))
+  end, "Path:glob cannot work on path that contains `,` (comma).")
+  local result, i = vim.fn.globpath(str, pattern, false, true), 0
+  return function()
+    i = i + 1
+    return Path.new(result[i])
+  end
 end
 
 return Path

From 9ef175bd046672b7b69e795388f1107b451b1bc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pysan3 <pysan3@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 01:13:46 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] docs(README): update README with more examples

---
 README.md            | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 README.norg          | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 lua/pathlib/base.lua | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++----
 3 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 858b2ff..724e73b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ earliest.**
 Status](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/pysan3/pathlib.nvim/lua_ls-typecheck.yml?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/pysan3/pathlib.nvim/actions/workflows/lua_ls-typecheck.yml)
 [![LuaRocks](https://img.shields.io/luarocks/v/pysan3/pathlib.nvim?logo=lua&color=purple&style=for-the-badge)](https://luarocks.org/modules/pysan3/pathlib.nvim)
 
-# TL;DR
+# Usage Example
+
+## Create Path Object
 
 ``` lua
 local Path = require("pathlib.base")
@@ -44,6 +46,46 @@ local bar = foo .. "bar.txt" -- create siblings (just like `./<foo>/../bar.txt`)
 assert(tostring(bar) == "folder/bar.txt")
 ```
 
+## Create and Manipulate Files / Directories
+
+``` lua
+local luv = vim.loop
+local Path = require("pathlib.base")
+
+local new_file = Path.new("./new/folder/foo.txt")
+new_file:parent():mkdir(Path.permission("rwxr-xr-x"), true) -- (permission, recursive)
+
+-- You don't need above line if you specify recursive = true in `open`; all parents will be created
+local fd, err_name, err_msg = new_file:open("w", Path.permission("rw-r--r--"), true)
+assert(fd ~= nil, "File creation failed. " .. err_name .. err_msg)
+luv.fs_write(fd, "File Content\n")
+luv.fs_close(fd)
+
+local content = new_file:read(0)
+assert(content == "File Content\n")
+
+new_file:copy(new_file .. "bar.txt")
+new_file:symlink_to(new_file .. "baz.txt")
+```
+
+## Scan Directories
+
+``` lua
+-- Continue from above
+for path in new_file:parent():iterdir() do
+    -- path will be [Path("./new/folder/foo.txt"), Path("./new/folder/bar.txt"), Path("./new/folder/baz.txt")]
+end
+
+-- fs_scandir-like usage
+new_file:parent():iterdir_async(function(path, fs_type) -- callback on all files
+    vim.print(tostring(path), fs_type)
+end, function(error) -- on error
+    vim.print("Error: " .. error)
+end, function(count) -- on exit
+    vim.print("Scan Finished. " .. count .. " files found.")
+end)
+```
+
 # TODO
 
 - API documentation
diff --git a/README.norg b/README.norg
index 4c72356..df515b1 100644
--- a/README.norg
+++ b/README.norg
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ version: 1.1.1
   {https://github.com/pysan3/pathlib.nvim/actions/workflows/lua_ls-typecheck.yml}[!{https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/pysan3/pathlib.nvim/lua_ls-typecheck.yml?style=for-the-badge}[Build Status]]
   {https://luarocks.org/modules/pysan3/pathlib.nvim}[!{https://img.shields.io/luarocks/v/pysan3/pathlib.nvim?logo=lua&color=purple&style=for-the-badge}[LuaRocks]]
 
-* TL;DR
+* Usage Example
+** Create Path Object
   @code lua
   local Path = require("pathlib.base")
 
@@ -51,6 +52,44 @@ version: 1.1.1
   assert(tostring(bar) == "folder/bar.txt")
   @end
 
+** Create and Manipulate Files / Directories
+   @code lua
+   local luv = vim.loop
+   local Path = require("pathlib.base")
+
+   local new_file = Path.new("./new/folder/foo.txt")
+   new_file:parent():mkdir(Path.permission("rwxr-xr-x"), true) -- (permission, recursive)
+
+   -- You don't need above line if you specify recursive = true in `open`; all parents will be created
+   local fd, err_name, err_msg = new_file:open("w", Path.permission("rw-r--r--"), true)
+   assert(fd ~= nil, "File creation failed. " .. err_name .. err_msg)
+   luv.fs_write(fd, "File Content\n")
+   luv.fs_close(fd)
+
+   local content = new_file:read(0)
+   assert(content == "File Content\n")
+
+   new_file:copy(new_file .. "bar.txt")
+   new_file:symlink_to(new_file .. "baz.txt")
+   @end
+
+** Scan Directories
+   @code lua
+   -- Continue from above
+   for path in new_file:parent():iterdir() do
+       -- path will be [Path("./new/folder/foo.txt"), Path("./new/folder/bar.txt"), Path("./new/folder/baz.txt")]
+   end
+
+   -- fs_scandir-like usage
+   new_file:parent():iterdir_async(function(path, fs_type) -- callback on all files
+       vim.print(tostring(path), fs_type)
+   end, function(error) -- on error
+       vim.print("Error: " .. error)
+   end, function(count) -- on exit
+       vim.print("Scan Finished. " .. count .. " files found.")
+   end)
+   @end
+
 * TODO
   - API documentation
   - Windows implementation, test environment.
diff --git a/lua/pathlib/base.lua b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
index f4c545a..f188a77 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/base.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
@@ -463,11 +463,23 @@ function Path:touch(mode, recursive)
   end
 end
 
+---Copy file to `target`
+---@param target PathlibPath # `self` will be copied to `target`
+---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg # true if successfully created.
+function Path:copy(target)
+  err.assert_function("Path:copy", function()
+    return utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  end, "target is not a Path object.")
+  return luv.fs_copyfile(tostring(self), tostring(target))
+end
+
 ---Create a simlink named `self` pointing to `target`
 ---@param target PathlibPath
 ---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg
 function Path:symlink_to(target)
-  utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  err.assert_function("Path:symlink_to", function()
+    return utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  end, "target is not a Path object.")
   return luv.fs_symlink(tostring(self), tostring(target))
 end
 
@@ -475,7 +487,9 @@ end
 ---@param target PathlibPath
 ---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg
 function Path:hardlink_to(target)
-  utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  err.assert_function("Path:hardlink_to", function()
+    return utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  end, "target is not a Path object.")
   return luv.fs_link(tostring(self), tostring(target))
 end
 
@@ -483,7 +497,9 @@ end
 ---@param target PathlibPath
 ---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg
 function Path:rename(target)
-  utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  err.assert_function("Path:rename", function()
+    return utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  end, "target is not a Path object.")
   return luv.fs_rename(tostring(self), tostring(target))
 end
 
@@ -491,7 +507,9 @@ end
 ---@param target PathlibPath
 ---@return boolean|nil success, string? err_name, string? err_msg
 function Path:move(target)
-  utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  err.assert_function("Path:move", function()
+    return utils.tables.is_path_module(target)
+  end, "target is not a Path object.")
   target:unlink()
   return luv.fs_rename(tostring(self), tostring(target))
 end

From 969d89c716be89fd3dd17ef0c1ddef594702fe5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pysan3 <pysan3@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 02:41:25 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] test(posix): add posix file manipulation test

---
 spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua | 84 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 84 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua

diff --git a/spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua b/spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1968250
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+local luv = vim.loop
+local _ = require("pathlib")
+local const = require("pathlib.const")
+local file_content = "File Content\n"
+
+describe("Posix File Manipulation;", function()
+  if const.IS_WINDOWS then
+    return
+  end
+
+  local Path = require("pathlib.base")
+  local foo = Path.new("./folder/foo.txt")
+  local parent = foo:parent()
+  ---@cast parent PathlibPath
+  describe("parent", function()
+    it("()", function()
+      assert.is_equal("folder", tostring(parent))
+      assert.is_not.is_nil(parent)
+    end)
+  end)
+
+  describe("mkdir.", function()
+    parent:mkdir(Path.permission("rwxr-xr-x"), true)
+    it("exists()", function()
+      assert.is_true(parent:exists())
+      assert.is_not.is_nil(luv.fs_stat("./folder"))
+    end)
+    it("is_dir()", function()
+      assert.is_true(parent:is_dir())
+      local stat = luv.fs_stat("./folder")
+      assert.is_not.is_nil(stat)
+      ---@cast stat uv.aliases.fs_stat_table
+      assert.is_equal("directory", stat.type)
+    end)
+  end)
+
+  describe("foo:open", function()
+    local fd, err_name, err_msg = foo:fs_open("w", Path.permission("rw-r--r--"), true)
+    ---@cast fd integer
+    vim.print(string.format([[fd: %s]], vim.inspect(fd)))
+    vim.print(string.format([[err_name: %s]], vim.inspect(err_name)))
+    vim.print(string.format([[err_msg: %s]], vim.inspect(err_msg)))
+    it("()", function()
+      assert.is_not.is_nil(fd)
+      assert.is_nil(err_name)
+      assert.is_nil(err_msg)
+    end)
+    it("exists()", function()
+      assert.is_true(foo:is_file())
+      local stat = luv.fs_stat("./folder/foo.txt")
+      assert.is_not.is_nil(stat)
+      ---@cast stat uv.aliases.fs_stat_table
+      assert.is_equal("file", stat.type)
+    end)
+    it("write()", function()
+      assert.is_equal(string.len(file_content), luv.fs_write(fd, file_content))
+      assert.is_truthy(luv.fs_close(fd))
+    end)
+    it("read ()", function()
+      assert.is_equal(file_content, foo:io_read())
+    end)
+  end)
+
+  describe("io read / write", function()
+    it("()", function()
+      local suc, err_msg = foo:io_write(file_content)
+      assert.is_true(suc)
+      assert.is_nil(err_msg)
+      assert.is_equal(file_content, foo:io_read())
+    end)
+  end)
+
+  describe("iterdir", function()
+    it("()", function()
+      foo:copy(foo .. "bar.txt")
+      foo:symlink_to(foo .. "baz.txt")
+      local accum = {}
+      for path in parent:iterdir() do
+        table.insert(accum, path)
+      end
+      assert.is_equal(3, #accum)
+    end)
+  end)
+end)

From ba2c1769c5a86002e29ce67e4dbd15e1074bb2a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pysan3 <pysan3@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 02:42:15 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] fix(base): use `io` methods to read, write to files

---
 lua/pathlib/base.lua  | 92 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 lua/pathlib/const.lua |  6 ++-
 lua/pathlib/init.lua  |  4 +-
 3 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lua/pathlib/base.lua b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
index f188a77..2736bac 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/base.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
@@ -23,9 +23,6 @@ setmetatable(Path, {
 ---Private init method to create a new Path object
 ---@param ... string | PathlibPath # List of string and Path objects
 function Path:_init(...)
-  self._raw_paths = utils.lists.str_list.new()
-  self._drive_name = ""
-  self.__windows_panic = false
   local run_resolve = false
   for i, s in ipairs({ ... }) do
     if utils.tables.is_type_of(s, const.path_module_enum.PathlibPath) then
@@ -64,11 +61,19 @@ end
 ---@param ... string | PathlibPath # List of string and Path objects
 ---@return PathlibPath
 function Path.new(...)
-  local self = setmetatable({}, Path)
+  local self = Path.new_empty()
   self:_init(...)
   return self
 end
 
+function Path.new_empty()
+  local self = setmetatable({}, Path)
+  self._raw_paths = utils.lists.str_list.new()
+  self._drive_name = ""
+  self.__windows_panic = false
+  return self
+end
+
 ---Create a new Path object as self's child.
 ---@param ... string
 ---@return PathlibPath
@@ -268,7 +273,7 @@ end
 ---Copy all attributes from `path` to self
 ---@param path PathlibPath
 function Path.new_all_from(path)
-  local self = setmetatable({}, Path)
+  local self = Path.new_empty()
   self.mytype = path.mytype
   self._drive_name = path._drive_name
   self._raw_paths:extend(path._raw_paths)
@@ -382,6 +387,7 @@ end
 
 function Path:is_file(follow_symlinks)
   local stat = self:stat(follow_symlinks)
+  vim.print(string.format([[stat: %s]], vim.inspect(stat)))
   return stat and stat.type == "file"
 end
 
@@ -454,7 +460,7 @@ end
 ---@param recursive boolean # if true, creates parent directories as well
 ---@return boolean success, string? err_name, string? err_msg # true if successfully created.
 function Path:touch(mode, recursive)
-  local fd, err_name, err_msg = self:open("w", mode, recursive)
+  local fd, err_name, err_msg = self:fs_open("w", mode, recursive)
   if fd == nil then
     return false, err_name, err_msg
   else
@@ -592,7 +598,7 @@ end
 ---  `true` will default to 755.
 ---@return integer|nil fd, string? err_name, string? err_msg
 ---@nodiscard
-function Path:open(flags, mode, ensure_dir)
+function Path:fs_open(flags, mode, ensure_dir)
   if ensure_dir == true then
     ensure_dir = const.permission_from_string("rwxr-xr-x")
   end
@@ -609,7 +615,7 @@ end
 ---  `true` will default to 755.
 ---@param callback fun(err: nil|string, fd: integer|nil)
 ---@return uv_fs_t
-function Path:open_async(flags, mode, ensure_dir, callback)
+function Path:fs_open_async(flags, mode, ensure_dir, callback)
   if ensure_dir == true then
     ensure_dir = const.permission_from_string("rwxr-xr-x")
   end
@@ -619,38 +625,56 @@ function Path:open_async(flags, mode, ensure_dir, callback)
   return luv.fs_open(tostring(self), flags, mode, callback)
 end
 
----Call `luv.fs_read`. Use `self:open_async` and `luv.read` to use with callback.
----@param size integer
----@param offset integer|nil
----@return string|nil data, string? err_name, string? err_msg
+---Call `io.read`. Use `self:open_async` and `luv.read` to use with callback.
+---@return string|nil data, string? err_msg
 ---@nodiscard
-function Path:read(size, offset)
-  local flags = luv.constants.O_RDONLY
-  local fd, open_err, open_err_msg = self:open(flags, 0)
-  if fd == nil then
-    return nil, open_err, open_err_msg
+function Path:io_read()
+  local file, err_msg = io.open(tostring(self), "r")
+  if not file then
+    return nil, err_msg
   end
-  local data, err_name, err_msg = luv.fs_read(fd, size, offset)
-  luv.fs_close(fd)
-  return data, err_name, err_msg ---@diagnostic disable-line
+  return file:read("*a")
 end
 
----Call `luv.fs_write`. Use `self:open_async` and `luv.write` to use with callback. If failed, returns nil
----@param mode integer # permission. You may use `Path.permission()` to convert from "rwxrwxrwx". Overwrites S_IWRITE to true.
----@param data uv.aliases.buffer
----@param offset integer|nil
----@return integer|nil bytes, string? err_name, string? err_msg
+---Call `io.read` with byte read mode. Use `self:open_async` and `luv.read` to use with callback.
+---@return string|nil data, string? err_msg
 ---@nodiscard
-function Path:write(mode, data, offset)
-  local flags = luv.constants.O_CREAT + luv.constants.O_RDWR + luv.constants.O_TRUNC
-  local fd, open_err, open_err_msg =
-    self:open(flags, const.bitoper(mode, const.fs_permission_enum.S_IWRITE, const.bitops.OR))
-  if fd == nil then
-    return nil, open_err, open_err_msg
+function Path:io_read_bytes()
+  local file, err_msg = io.open(tostring(self), "rb")
+  if not file then
+    return nil, err_msg
+  end
+  return file:read("*a")
+end
+
+---Call `io.write`. Use `self:open_async` and `luv.write` to use with callback. If failed, returns nil
+---@param data string # content
+---@return boolean success, string? err_msg
+---@nodiscard
+function Path:io_write(data)
+  local file, err_msg = io.open(tostring(self), "w")
+  if not file then
+    return false, err_msg
   end
-  local bytes, err_name, err_msg = luv.fs_write(fd, data, offset)
-  luv.fs_close(fd)
-  return bytes, err_name, err_msg ---@diagnostic disable-line
+  local result = file:write(data)
+  file:flush()
+  file:close()
+  return result ---@diagnostic disable-line
+end
+
+---Call `io.write` with byte write mode. Use `self:open_async` and `luv.write` to use with callback. If failed, returns nil
+---@param data string # content
+---@return boolean success, string? err_msg
+---@nodiscard
+function Path:io_write_bytes(data)
+  local file, err_msg = io.open(tostring(self), "w")
+  if not file then
+    return false, err_msg
+  end
+  local result = file:write(tostring(data))
+  file:flush()
+  file:close()
+  return result ---@diagnostic disable-line
 end
 
 ---Alias to `vim.fs.dir` but returns PathlibPath objects.
diff --git a/lua/pathlib/const.lua b/lua/pathlib/const.lua
index 60b41e7..ed07b41 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/const.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/const.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 local M = {}
 
+M.IS_WINDOWS = vim.fn.has("win32") == 1 or vim.fn.has("win32unix") == 1
+
 ---@enum PathlibBitOps
 M.bitops = {
   OR = 1,
@@ -88,9 +90,9 @@ M.check_permission_string = function(mode_string)
     return false
   end
   local modes = { "r", "w", "x" }
-  local index = 1
+  local index = 0
   for value in mode_string:gmatch(".") do
-    if value ~= "-" or modes[index % 3] ~= value then
+    if value ~= "-" and modes[index % 3 + 1] ~= value then
       return false
     end
     index = index + 1
diff --git a/lua/pathlib/init.lua b/lua/pathlib/init.lua
index 043c773..bc6241a 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/init.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/init.lua
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 ---<
 ---@brief ]]
 
-IS_WINDOWS = vim.fn.has("win32") == 1 or vim.fn.has("win32unix") == 1
+local const = require("pathlib.const")
 
-if IS_WINDOWS then
+if const.IS_WINDOWS then
   return require("pathlib.windows")
 else
   return require("pathlib.posix")

From 6609a2594e265c6441c830005c251d84584c5f55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pysan3 <pysan3@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 02:46:08 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] fix: remove debug print msgs

---
 lua/pathlib/base.lua           |  1 -
 spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua | 13 +++++--------
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lua/pathlib/base.lua b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
index 2736bac..c1c964f 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/base.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
@@ -387,7 +387,6 @@ end
 
 function Path:is_file(follow_symlinks)
   local stat = self:stat(follow_symlinks)
-  vim.print(string.format([[stat: %s]], vim.inspect(stat)))
   return stat and stat.type == "file"
 end
 
diff --git a/spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua b/spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua
index 1968250..aafaf34 100644
--- a/spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua
+++ b/spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ describe("Posix File Manipulation;", function()
   end
 
   local Path = require("pathlib.base")
-  local foo = Path.new("./folder/foo.txt")
+  local foo = Path.new("./tmp/test_folder/foo.txt")
   local parent = foo:parent()
   ---@cast parent PathlibPath
   describe("parent", function()
     it("()", function()
-      assert.is_equal("folder", tostring(parent))
+      assert.is_equal("tmp/test_folder", tostring(parent))
       assert.is_not.is_nil(parent)
     end)
   end)
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ describe("Posix File Manipulation;", function()
     parent:mkdir(Path.permission("rwxr-xr-x"), true)
     it("exists()", function()
       assert.is_true(parent:exists())
-      assert.is_not.is_nil(luv.fs_stat("./folder"))
+      assert.is_not.is_nil(luv.fs_stat("./tmp/test_folder"))
     end)
     it("is_dir()", function()
       assert.is_true(parent:is_dir())
-      local stat = luv.fs_stat("./folder")
+      local stat = luv.fs_stat("./tmp/test_folder")
       assert.is_not.is_nil(stat)
       ---@cast stat uv.aliases.fs_stat_table
       assert.is_equal("directory", stat.type)
@@ -37,9 +37,6 @@ describe("Posix File Manipulation;", function()
   describe("foo:open", function()
     local fd, err_name, err_msg = foo:fs_open("w", Path.permission("rw-r--r--"), true)
     ---@cast fd integer
-    vim.print(string.format([[fd: %s]], vim.inspect(fd)))
-    vim.print(string.format([[err_name: %s]], vim.inspect(err_name)))
-    vim.print(string.format([[err_msg: %s]], vim.inspect(err_msg)))
     it("()", function()
       assert.is_not.is_nil(fd)
       assert.is_nil(err_name)
@@ -47,7 +44,7 @@ describe("Posix File Manipulation;", function()
     end)
     it("exists()", function()
       assert.is_true(foo:is_file())
-      local stat = luv.fs_stat("./folder/foo.txt")
+      local stat = luv.fs_stat("./tmp/test_folder/foo.txt")
       assert.is_not.is_nil(stat)
       ---@cast stat uv.aliases.fs_stat_table
       assert.is_equal("file", stat.type)

From 80f1e7f9c4aa1f8ff4c54d6f6c2e9ba84bd68e53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pysan3 <pysan3@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 02:51:38 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] fix: type issues fixed

---
 lua/pathlib/base.lua           | 2 +-
 spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua | 4 +++-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lua/pathlib/base.lua b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
index c1c964f..381996c 100644
--- a/lua/pathlib/base.lua
+++ b/lua/pathlib/base.lua
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ function Path:glob(pattern)
   err.assert_function("Path:glob", function()
     return not (str:find([[,]]))
   end, "Path:glob cannot work on path that contains `,` (comma).")
-  local result, i = vim.fn.globpath(str, pattern, false, true), 0
+  local result, i = vim.fn.globpath(str, pattern, false, true), 0 ---@diagnostic disable-line
   return function()
     i = i + 1
     return Path.new(result[i])
diff --git a/spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua b/spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua
index aafaf34..b67d2ef 100644
--- a/spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua
+++ b/spec/posix_manipulate_spec.lua
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ describe("Posix File Manipulation;", function()
   local Path = require("pathlib.base")
   local foo = Path.new("./tmp/test_folder/foo.txt")
   local parent = foo:parent()
-  ---@cast parent PathlibPath
+  if parent == nil then
+    return
+  end
   describe("parent", function()
     it("()", function()
       assert.is_equal("tmp/test_folder", tostring(parent))

From d808f30ee006f43ba860a43b292cde9854650c33 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pysan3 <pysan3@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 02:53:13 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] ci(luacheck): typecheck only on PRs

---
 .github/workflows/lua_ls-typecheck.yml | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/lua_ls-typecheck.yml b/.github/workflows/lua_ls-typecheck.yml
index 76d95ba..aa1541b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lua_ls-typecheck.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lua_ls-typecheck.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ on:
   pull_request: ~
   push:
     branches:
-      - '*'
+      - 'main'
+      - 'v*'
 
 jobs:
   build: