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Awesome Vegetation Index Awesome

List of reference, applications of common Vegetation Indices for Multi-spectral, hyper-spectral and UAV images. (contribution are welcome)

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Table of Contents

Literature Reviews for VI

  1. Significant Remote Sensing Vegetation Indices: A Review of Developments and Applications (li et al. 2017)
  2. Research on Vegetation Information Extraction from Visible UAV Remote Sensing Images (yuan et al. 2018)
  3. Hyperspectral vegetation indices and their relationships with agricultural crop characteristics(Thenkabail et al.2000)
  4. Evaluating Multispectral Images and Vegetation Indices for Precision Farming Applications from UAV Images (Candiago et al. 2015)

Multispectral Vegetation Index

Greenness and Cover

Broadband greenness measures the health of vegetation leaf area index (LAI) and canopy chlorophyll density (CCD) vegetation cover, LAI, biomass, growth, and vigor assessment. It is worthy noting that the selection of proper wavebands in hyperspectral data could partly compensate the limitations of some VI formulas.(Zhao et al.2007)

Name Abbrev. Formula Atmospheric Effects Parameters Soil Adjustment Parameters Reference
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI Pigment, Canopy paper)
The Wide Dynamic Range Vegetation Index WDRVI
Simple Ratio SR
Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index ARVI γ
soil and atmosphere resistant vegetation SARVI γ L
modified soil and atmosphere resistant vegetation MSARVI γ
atmosphere effect resistant vegetation IAVI γ L
Enhanced Vegetation Index EVI C1 L
Perpendicular Vegetation Index PVI M,I
Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI L
Transformed Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index TSAVI M,L
Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index MSAVI L'
Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index OSAVI θ
generalized soil-adjusted vegetation index GESAVI L,M,Z
Global Environmental Monitoring Index GEMI n
Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index CARI
Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index MCARI
Difference Vegetation Index DVI
weighted Difference Vegetation Index WDVI L
Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index RDVI

Parameter: M: Slope of soil baseline I: Intercept of soil baseline L: Soil conditioning index L': A formula need to be added θ: SAIL constant 0.16 n: Atmospheric Regulation Factor(C =6、C =7.5) y: Atmospheric radiation correction coefficient

Other Applications for Broadband Images

Name Abbrev. Formula Satellite Example Sensitivity Reference
Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI WorldView-2 Light Use
Structure Insensitive Pigment Index SIPI ALI Light Use
Normalized Difference Nitrogen Index NDNI SCIAMACHY Nitrogen
Plant Senescence Reflectance Index PSRI LandsatMSS Dry or Senescent Carbon
Carotenoid Reflectance Index 1 CRI1 LandsatTM Carotenoid
Anthocyanin Reflectance Index 1 ARI1,ARI2 LandsatMSS Anthocyanin
Normalized Difference Water Index NDWI MIPAS Water
Moisture Stress Index MSI LandsatTM Water
Normalized Difference Infrared Index NDII ALI Water

Hyperspectral Vegetation Index

The overall amount and quality of photosynthetic material in vegetation.

NAME INDEX(series) FORMULA (sample) SENSITIVITY Reference
Improved SAVI with self-adjustment factor L MSAVI Canopy structure Qi et al. (1994)
Modified Triangular Vegetation Index MTVI1,MTVI2 Canopy structure Haboudane et al. (2004)
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index gNDVI,hNDVI, etc Canopy structure Rouse et al. (1974)
Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index OSAVI Canopy structure Rondeaux et al. (1996)
Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index RDVI Canopy structure Rougean and Breon (1995)
Simple Ratio Index SR,SR705 Canopy structure Jordan (1969); Rouse et al. (1979)
Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI,SAVI2 Canopy structure Huete (1988)
Spectral Polygon Vegetation Index SPVI Canopy structure Vincini et al. (2006)
Thematic Mapper NDVI tmNDVI Canopy structure Rouse et al. (1974)
Transformed Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index TSAVI Canopy structure Baret et al. (1989)
Anthocyanin Reflectance Index ARI Carotenoid content Gitelson et al. (2002)
Pigment Specific Simple Ratio for Carotenoids PSSRc Carotenoid content Blackburn (1998)
Structural Independent Pigment Index SIPI Carotenoid content Penuelas and Filella (1998)
Carter Stress Index CSI1,CSI2 Chlorophyll Carter (1994)
Chlorophyll Absorption Integral CAI,CRI,CRI2 Chlorophyll Oppelt and Mauser (2003)
Gitelson & Merzlyak Index GM1,GM2 Chlorophyll Gitelson and Merzlyak (1997)
Leaf Chlorophyll Index LCI,LIC1,LIC2,LIC3 Chlorophyll Datt (1999)
M Locherer Chlorophyll MLO Chlorophyll unpublished
Modified Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index MCARI,MCARI1,MCARI2 Chlorophyll Daughtry et al. (2000)
Normalized Phaeophytinization Index NPQI Chlorophyll Barnes (1992)
Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Chlorophyll Gamon et al. (1992)
Red Edge Inflection Point REIP1 Chlorophyll Guyot et al. (1988)
Red Edge Point REP Chlorophyll Dawson and Curran (1998)
Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index TCARI Chlorophyll Haboudane et al. (2002)
Triangular Vegetation Index TVI Chlorophyll Broge and Leblanc (2000)
Vogelmann Index VOG1,VOG2,VOG3 Chlorophyll Vogelmann (1993)
Zarco-Tejada & Miller ZTM Chlorophyll Zarco-Tejada et al. (2001)
Pigment Specific Simple Ratio for Chl a PSSRa Chlorophyll a Blackburn (1998)
Pigment Specific Simple Ratio for Chl b PSSRb Chlorophyll b Blackburn (1998)
Shortwave Infrared Green Vegetation Index SWIRVI Dry Matter Lobell et al. (2001)
Normalized Difference Lignin Index NDLI Dry Matter / Lignin Serrano et al. (2002)
Normalized Difference Nitrogen Index NDNI Dry Matter / Nitrogen Serrano et al. (2002)
Normalized Pigment Chlorophyll Index NPCI Dry Matter / Pigment Penuelas et al. (1994)
Pigment Index BGI,BRI Dry Matter / Pigment Zarco-Tejada et al. (2005)
Red-Green Pigment Index RGI Dry Matter / Pigment Zarco-Tejada et al. (2005)
Simple Ratio Pigment Index SRPI Dry Matter / Pigment Penuelas et al. (1995)
Desease Water Stress Index DSWI,DWSI5 Water Content Galvão et al. (2005)
Leaf Water Vegetation Index LWVI1,LWVI2 Water Content Galvão et al. (2005)
Moisture Stress Index MSI Water Content Hunt et al. (1989)
Normalized Difference Water Index NDWI Water Content Gao (1996)
Plant Water Index PWI Water Content Penuelas et al. (1997)
Simple Ratio Water Index SRWI Water Content Zarco-Tejada et al. (2003)

Vegetation Index for UAV images

With specific camera, UAV images can be used to calculate all kind of hyperspectral and multi-band vegetation index, where RGB only images can be used to calculate following indices.

Name Abbrev. Formula Atmospheric Effects Parameters Soil Adjustment Parameters Reference
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI Pigment, Canopy paper)
Visible-band difference vegetation index VDVI
Normalized green-blue difference index NGBDI
Normalized green-red difference index NGRDI
Red-green ratio index RGRI
Blue Green ratio index BGRI
Excess green EXG
Excess red EXR
excess green minus excess red EXGR
color index of vegetation extraction CIVE
Red green blue vegetation index RGBVI

Community

Learning Materials

  • Index Database - An Index-Data-Base (IDB) could be an useful tool to find indices for a required application, adapted to a selected sensor.
  • LandscapeToolbox - The Vegetation/Greenness Indices part provides a detailed descriptions and applications of 9 common indices.

Software programs

There are currently a large number of software with Vegetation Index tools, and we have a brief summary of them,

Commercial

Name Description Customed Calculation Pre definition Indices Pre definition Satellite
ERDAS IMAGINE
ArcGIS 15 Image indices are computed from multiband images 15
ENVI ENVI exposes 27 of these indices which were selected based upon their robustness, scientific basis, and applicability. 27
Idrisi A full suite of mathematical and relational modeling tools for deriving new data layers as a function of existing layers.
Pix4Dfields Dedicated software for agriculture
opendronemap https://opendronemap.org/webodm/

Open Source

Name Description Customed Calculation Pre definition Indices Pre definition Satellite
QGIS

Note

This list will be updated in time, and volunteer contributions are welcome. For questions or sharing, please feel free to contact us or make issues.