strings

Author: patriciocostilla

Diff for: strings/string_declaration.c

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main() {
+    char str_1[6] = "hello"; // str length + 1 for '\0' end character.
+    char str_2[] = "world"; // auto calc str length.
+    char str_3[6] = {'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'}; // add '\0' end character manually.
+    char *str_p = "stuff"; // string pointer declaration, is considered a constant.
+
+    return 0;
+}
+/*
+A string literal is a text enclosed in double quotation marks.
+A character, such as 'b', is indicated by single quotation marks and cannot be treated as a string.
+*/

Diff for: strings/string_input.c

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main() {
+    char first_name[25];
+    int age;
+    printf("Enter your first name and age: ");
+    scanf("%s %d", first_name, &age); // an array name acts as a pointer.
+    printf("Hello %s, you're %d", first_name, age);
+    // scanf() stops reading input when it reaches a space.
+    return 0;
+}

Diff for: strings/string_input_2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main() {
+    /*To read a string with spaces, use the gets() function. 
+    It reads input until a terminating newline is reached (the Enter key is pressed).*/
+    printf("Enter your full name: ");
+    char full_name[45];
+    gets(full_name);
+    printf("Your full name es %s\n", full_name);
+    return 0;
+}

Diff for: strings/string_input_3.c

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main() {
+    /*
+    A safer alternative to gets() is fgets(), which reads up to a specified number of characters. 
+    This approach helps prevent a buffer overflow, which happens when the string array 
+    isn't big enough for the typed text.
+    */
+    printf("Enter your full name: ");
+    char full_name[45];
+    fgets(full_name, 45, stdin); // fgets() reads only n-1 characters from stdin because there must be room for '\0'.
+    printf("Your full name es %s\n", full_name);
+    return 0;
+}
+/* 
+The fgets() arguments are the string name, the number of characters to read, 
+and a pointer to where you want to read the string from. 
+stdin means to read from the standard input, which is the keyboard.
+Another difference between gets and fgets is that the newline character is stored by fgets.
+*/

Diff for: strings/string_output.c

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main() {
+    char city[40];
+    printf("Enter your favorite city: ");
+    fgets(city, 40, stdin);
+    fputs(city, stdout);
+    printf(" is a fun city.\n");
+    return 0;
+}

Diff for: strings/string_output_2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main() {
+    char city[40];
+    printf("Enter your favoritce city: ");
+    fgets(city, 40, stdin);
+    puts(city); // adds a newline to output.
+    return 0;
+}