diff --git a/apps/oxlint/src-js/js_config.ts b/apps/oxlint/src-js/js_config.ts
index 6408d0dca0709..6ddcc43073b63 100644
--- a/apps/oxlint/src-js/js_config.ts
+++ b/apps/oxlint/src-js/js_config.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { getErrorMessage } from "./utils/utils.ts";
+import { isDefineConfig } from "./package/config.ts";
 import { JSONStringify } from "./utils/globals.ts";
 
 interface JsConfigResult {
@@ -36,6 +37,12 @@ export async function loadJsConfigs(paths: string[]): Promise<string> {
           throw new Error(`Configuration file must have a default export that is an object.`);
         }
 
+        if (!isDefineConfig(config)) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `Configuration file must wrap its default export with defineConfig() from "oxlint".`,
+          );
+        }
+
         return { path, config };
       }),
     );
diff --git a/apps/oxlint/src-js/package/config.ts b/apps/oxlint/src-js/package/config.ts
index 75f2858c63232..ce706226e5b61 100644
--- a/apps/oxlint/src-js/package/config.ts
+++ b/apps/oxlint/src-js/package/config.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ export type OxlintConfig = Oxlintrc;
 
 export type { OxlintOverride };
 
+const DEFINE_CONFIG_REGISTRY = new WeakSet<object>();
+
 /**
  * Define an Oxlint configuration with type inference.
  *
@@ -41,5 +43,12 @@ export type { OxlintOverride };
  * @returns Config unchanged
  */
 export function defineConfig<T extends OxlintConfig>(config: T): T {
+  DEFINE_CONFIG_REGISTRY.add(config as object);
   return config;
 }
+
+export function isDefineConfig(config: unknown): boolean {
+  return (
+    typeof config === "object" && config !== null && DEFINE_CONFIG_REGISTRY.has(config as object)
+  );
+}
diff --git a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_basic/oxlint.config.ts b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_basic/oxlint.config.ts
index eb3b55a5f1e73..79e377b8b3e66 100644
--- a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_basic/oxlint.config.ts
+++ b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_basic/oxlint.config.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 // Basic test for oxlint.config.ts support
-export default {
+import { defineConfig } from "#oxlint";
+
+export default defineConfig({
   rules: {
     "no-debugger": "error",
     eqeqeq: "warn",
   },
-};
+});
diff --git a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_missing_define_config/files/oxlint.config.ts b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_missing_define_config/files/oxlint.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4f00b08c16ffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_missing_define_config/files/oxlint.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export default {
+  rules: {},
+};
diff --git a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_missing_define_config/files/test.js b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_missing_define_config/files/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4f252c003683a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_missing_define_config/files/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+console.log("ok");
diff --git a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_missing_define_config/output.snap.md b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_missing_define_config/output.snap.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dc461dcfb657a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_missing_define_config/output.snap.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Exit code
+1
+
+# stdout
+```
+Failed to parse oxlint configuration file.
+
+  x Failed to load config: <fixture>/files/oxlint.config.ts
+  | 
+  | Error: Configuration file must wrap its default export with defineConfig() from "oxlint".
+```
+
+# stderr
+```
+```
diff --git a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_nested_conflict/files/nested/oxlint.config.ts b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_nested_conflict/files/nested/oxlint.config.ts
index 08717a09a7300..aeaeb12258072 100644
--- a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_nested_conflict/files/nested/oxlint.config.ts
+++ b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_nested_conflict/files/nested/oxlint.config.ts
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-export default { rules: {} };
+import { defineConfig } from "#oxlint";
+
+export default defineConfig({ rules: {} });
diff --git a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_overrides/oxlint.config.ts b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_overrides/oxlint.config.ts
index 6bac6874e56e0..298e7158b1bd2 100644
--- a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_overrides/oxlint.config.ts
+++ b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_overrides/oxlint.config.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 // Test that overrides work in oxlint.config.ts
-export default {
+import { defineConfig } from "#oxlint";
+
+export default defineConfig({
   rules: {
     "no-debugger": "off",
   },
@@ -11,4 +13,4 @@ export default {
       },
     },
   ],
-};
+});
diff --git a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_throws_err/output.snap.md b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_throws_err/output.snap.md
index 815872f706b75..7c29c1dd7a86a 100644
--- a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_throws_err/output.snap.md
+++ b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_throws_err/output.snap.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Failed to parse oxlint configuration file.
   x Failed to load config: <fixture>/oxlint.config.ts
   | 
   | Error: This is a test error
-  |     at <fixture>/oxlint.config.ts:1:7
+  |     at <fixture>/oxlint.config.ts:3:7
 ```
 
 # stderr
diff --git a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_throws_err/oxlint.config.ts b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_throws_err/oxlint.config.ts
index ddd4800bd9c4a..032ce2c00b4e4 100644
--- a/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_throws_err/oxlint.config.ts
+++ b/apps/oxlint/test/fixtures/js_config_throws_err/oxlint.config.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { defineConfig } from "#oxlint";
+
 throw new Error("This is a test error");
 
-export default {};
+export default defineConfig({});