diff --git a/apps/oxlint/src-js/utils/asserts.ts b/apps/oxlint/src-js/utils/asserts.ts
index 917a0682e2af9..c75ead5dd8671 100644
--- a/apps/oxlint/src-js/utils/asserts.ts
+++ b/apps/oxlint/src-js/utils/asserts.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ export function typeAssertIs<T>(value: unknown): asserts value is T {}
  * In release builds, is a no-op. Only does runtime checks in debug builds.
  * Minification removes this function and all calls to it in release builds, so it has zero runtime cost.
  *
+ * Use this for testing conditions which would indicate a bug in the code.
+ * Do NOT use this for validating user input.
+ *
  * @param value - Value
  */
 export function debugAssertIsNonNull<T>(value: T | null | undefined): asserts value is T {
@@ -25,3 +28,32 @@ export function debugAssertIsNonNull<T>(value: T | null | undefined): asserts va
     throw new Error(`Expected non-null value, got ${value}`);
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Assert a condition.
+ *
+ * In release builds, is a no-op. Only does runtime checks in debug builds.
+ * Minification removes this function and all calls to it in release builds, so it has zero runtime cost.
+ *
+ * Use this for testing conditions which would indicate a bug in the code.
+ * Do NOT use this for validating user input.
+ *
+ * If creating the error message is expensive, or potentially creating the message itself can result in an error
+ * when the assertion passes, pass a function which returns the message.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * debugAssert(condition, () => `Condition failed: ${getErrorMessage()}`);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param condition - Condition which is expected to be `true`
+ * @param message - Message to include in error if condition is `false`,
+ *   or a function which returns the message to include in error if condition is `false` (optional).
+ */
+export function debugAssert(condition: boolean, message?: string | (() => string)): asserts condition {
+  if (!DEBUG) return;
+
+  if (!condition) {
+    if (typeof message === 'function') message = message();
+    throw new Error(message ?? 'Assertion failed');
+  }
+}