diff --git a/rewrite-groovy/build.gradle.kts b/rewrite-groovy/build.gradle.kts
index c718923f83..1d03b58c62 100644
--- a/rewrite-groovy/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/rewrite-groovy/build.gradle.kts
@@ -12,18 +12,20 @@ testing {
         }
 
         register<JvmTestSuite>("groovy2Test") {
-            configurations.getByName("groovy2TestRuntimeClasspath") {
-                resolutionStrategy {
-                    force("org.codehaus.groovy:groovy:2.5.22")
-                }
-            }
-
             dependencies {
                 implementation(project())
                 implementation(project(":rewrite-test"))
                 implementation("org.assertj:assertj-core:latest.release")
             }
 
+            // Replace Groovy 4.x (org.apache.groovy) with Groovy 2.x (org.codehaus.groovy)
+            configurations.named("groovy2TestRuntimeClasspath") {
+                exclude(group = "org.apache.groovy")
+            }
+            configurations.named("groovy2TestRuntimeOnly") {
+                dependencies.add(project.dependencies.create("org.codehaus.groovy:groovy:2.5.22"))
+            }
+
             targets {
                 all {
                     testTask.configure {
diff --git a/rewrite-groovy/src/groovy2Test/java/org/openrewrite/groovy/GroovyParserTest.java b/rewrite-groovy/src/groovy2Test/java/org/openrewrite/groovy/GroovyParserTest.java
index 1b5ea5b105..4c0d85782b 100644
--- a/rewrite-groovy/src/groovy2Test/java/org/openrewrite/groovy/GroovyParserTest.java
+++ b/rewrite-groovy/src/groovy2Test/java/org/openrewrite/groovy/GroovyParserTest.java
@@ -18,10 +18,18 @@
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.openrewrite.test.RewriteTest;
 
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.openrewrite.groovy.Assertions.groovy;
 
 class GroovyParserTest implements RewriteTest {
 
+    @Test
+    void groovyRuntimeIsVersion2() throws Exception {
+        Class<?> groovySystem = Class.forName("groovy.lang.GroovySystem");
+        String version = (String) groovySystem.getMethod("getVersion").invoke(null);
+        assertThat(version).startsWith("2.");
+    }
+
     @Test
     void shouldNotTreatDivisionAsDelimiter() {
         rewriteRun(
@@ -90,4 +98,17 @@ void shouldBeAbleToParseParenthesisedIntegerConstantExpressions() {
         );
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void shouldBeAbleToParseClassDeclaration() {
+        rewriteRun(
+                groovy(
+                        """
+                        class Foo {
+                            String bar
+                        }
+                        """
+                )
+        );
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/rewrite-groovy/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/groovy/GroovyParserVisitor.java b/rewrite-groovy/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/groovy/GroovyParserVisitor.java
index 5ac0b4e12e..c5a974d13a 100644
--- a/rewrite-groovy/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/groovy/GroovyParserVisitor.java
+++ b/rewrite-groovy/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/groovy/GroovyParserVisitor.java
@@ -107,6 +107,9 @@ public class GroovyParserVisitor {
     @Nullable
     private static Boolean olderThanGroovy3;
 
+    @Nullable
+    private static Boolean groovy4OrLater;
+
     @SuppressWarnings("unused")
     public GroovyParserVisitor(Path sourcePath, @Nullable FileAttributes fileAttributes, EncodingDetectingInputStream source, JavaTypeCache typeCache, ExecutionContext ctx) {
         this.sourcePath = sourcePath;
@@ -124,15 +127,25 @@ public GroovyParserVisitor(Path sourcePath, @Nullable FileAttributes fileAttribu
         this.typeMapping = new GroovyTypeMapping(typeCache);
     }
 
+    private static int groovyMajorVersion() {
+        String groovyVersionText = GroovySystem.getVersion();
+        return Integer.parseInt(groovyVersionText.substring(0, groovyVersionText.indexOf('.')));
+    }
+
     private static boolean isOlderThanGroovy3() {
         if (olderThanGroovy3 == null) {
-            String groovyVersionText = GroovySystem.getVersion();
-            int majorVersion = Integer.parseInt(groovyVersionText.substring(0, groovyVersionText.indexOf('.')));
-            olderThanGroovy3 = majorVersion < 3;
+            olderThanGroovy3 = groovyMajorVersion() < 3;
         }
         return olderThanGroovy3;
     }
 
+    private static boolean isGroovy4OrLater() {
+        if (groovy4OrLater == null) {
+            groovy4OrLater = groovyMajorVersion() >= 4;
+        }
+        return groovy4OrLater;
+    }
+
     public G.CompilationUnit visit(SourceUnit unit, ModuleNode ast) throws GroovyParsingException {
         NavigableMap<LineColumn, ASTNode> sortedByPosition = new TreeMap<>();
         for (org.codehaus.groovy.ast.stmt.Statement s : ast.getStatementBlock().getStatements()) {
@@ -254,7 +267,7 @@ public void visitClass(ClassNode clazz) {
             } else if (clazz.isEnum()) {
                 kindType = J.ClassDeclaration.Kind.Type.Enum;
                 skip("enum");
-            } else if (clazz.isRecord()) {
+            } else if (isGroovy4OrLater() && clazz.isRecord()) {
                 kindType = J.ClassDeclaration.Kind.Type.Record;
                 skip("record");
             } else {
@@ -328,7 +341,7 @@ public void visitClass(ClassNode clazz) {
             }
 
             JContainer<TypeTree> permitting = null;
-            if (clazz.isSealed() && clazz.getPermittedSubclasses() != null && !clazz.getPermittedSubclasses().isEmpty()) {
+            if (isGroovy4OrLater() && clazz.isSealed() && clazz.getPermittedSubclasses() != null && !clazz.getPermittedSubclasses().isEmpty()) {
                 Space permitsPrefix = sourceBefore("permits");
                 List<ClassNode> permitted = clazz.getPermittedSubclasses();
                 List<JRightPadded<TypeTree>> permitTypes = new ArrayList<>(permitted.size());
@@ -393,7 +406,7 @@ class A {
              */
             Set<InnerClassNode> fieldInitializers = new HashSet<>();
             Set<String> recordComponentNames = new HashSet<>();
-            if (clazz.getRecordComponents() != null) {
+            if (isGroovy4OrLater() && clazz.getRecordComponents() != null) {
                 for (RecordComponentNode rc : clazz.getRecordComponents()) {
                     recordComponentNames.add(rc.getName());
                 }