diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/Appraisals b/instrumentation/http_client/Appraisals
index 326ebd94c3..1602d8d722 100644
--- a/instrumentation/http_client/Appraisals
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/Appraisals
@@ -4,6 +4,15 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-appraise 'httpclient-2.8' do
-  gem 'httpclient', '~> 2.8.0'
+# To faclitate HTTP semantic convention stability migration, we are using
+# appraisal to test the different semantic convention modes along with different
+# HTTP gem versions. For more information on the semantic convention modes, see:
+# https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/non-normative/http-migration/
+
+semconv_stability = %w[dup stable old]
+
+semconv_stability.each do |mode|
+  appraise "httpclient-2.8-#{mode}" do
+    gem 'httpclient', '~> 2.8.0'
+  end
 end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/README.md b/instrumentation/http_client/README.md
index 126ee790b1..8ffdba4038 100644
--- a/instrumentation/http_client/README.md
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/README.md
@@ -52,3 +52,19 @@ The `opentelemetry-instrumentation-http_client` gem is distributed under the Apa
 [community-meetings]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/community#community-meetings
 [slack-channel]: https://cloud-native.slack.com/archives/C01NWKKMKMY
 [discussions-url]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ruby/discussions
+
+## HTTP semantic convention stability
+
+In the OpenTelemetry ecosystem, HTTP semantic conventions have now reached a stable state. However, the initial HttpClient instrumentation was introduced before this stability was achieved, which resulted in HTTP attributes being based on an older version of the semantic conventions.
+
+To facilitate the migration to stable semantic conventions, you can use the `OTEL_SEMCONV_STABILITY_OPT_IN` environment variable. This variable allows you to opt-in to the new stable conventions, ensuring compatibility and future-proofing your instrumentation.
+
+When setting the value for `OTEL_SEMCONV_STABILITY_OPT_IN`, you can specify which conventions you wish to adopt:
+
+- `http` - Emits the stable HTTP and networking conventions and ceases emitting the old conventions previously emitted by the instrumentation.
+- `http/dup` - Emits both the old and stable HTTP and networking conventions, enabling a phased rollout of the stable semantic conventions.
+- Default behavior (in the absence of either value) is to continue emitting the old HTTP and networking conventions the instrumentation previously emitted.
+
+During the transition from old to stable conventions, HttpClient instrumentation code comes in three patch versions: `dup`, `old`, and `stable`. These versions are identical except for the attributes they send. Any changes to HttpClient instrumentation should consider all three patches.
+
+For additional information on migration, please refer to our [documentation](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/non-normative/http-migration/).
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/instrumentation.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/instrumentation.rb
index 8b57fd2671..ea22bcde4a 100644
--- a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/instrumentation.rb
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/instrumentation.rb
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ module HttpClient
       # The Instrumentation class contains logic to detect and install the HttpClient instrumentation
       class Instrumentation < OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Base
         install do |_config|
-          require_dependencies
-          patch
+          patch_type = determine_semconv
+          send(:"require_dependencies_#{patch_type}")
+          send(:"patch_#{patch_type}")
         end
 
         present do
@@ -22,14 +23,47 @@ class Instrumentation < OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Base
 
         private
 
-        def patch
-          ::HTTPClient.prepend(Patches::Client)
-          ::HTTPClient::Session.prepend(Patches::Session)
+        def determine_semconv
+          stability_opt_in = ENV.fetch('OTEL_SEMCONV_STABILITY_OPT_IN', '')
+          values = stability_opt_in.split(',').map(&:strip)
+
+          if values.include?('http/dup')
+            'dup'
+          elsif values.include?('http')
+            'stable'
+          else
+            'old'
+          end
+        end
+
+        def patch_dup
+          ::HTTPClient.prepend(Patches::Dup::Client)
+          ::HTTPClient::Session.prepend(Patches::Dup::Session)
+        end
+
+        def patch_old
+          ::HTTPClient.prepend(Patches::Old::Client)
+          ::HTTPClient::Session.prepend(Patches::Old::Session)
+        end
+
+        def patch_stable
+          ::HTTPClient.prepend(Patches::Stable::Client)
+          ::HTTPClient::Session.prepend(Patches::Stable::Session)
+        end
+
+        def require_dependencies_dup
+          require_relative 'patches/dup/client'
+          require_relative 'patches/dup/session'
+        end
+
+        def require_dependencies_old
+          require_relative 'patches/old/client'
+          require_relative 'patches/old/session'
         end
 
-        def require_dependencies
-          require_relative 'patches/client'
-          require_relative 'patches/session'
+        def require_dependencies_stable
+          require_relative 'patches/stable/client'
+          require_relative 'patches/stable/session'
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/client.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/client.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d66e21b964..0000000000
--- a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/client.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-module OpenTelemetry
-  module Instrumentation
-    module HttpClient
-      module Patches
-        # Module to prepend to HTTPClient for instrumentation
-        module Client
-          # Constant for the HTTP status range
-          HTTP_STATUS_SUCCESS_RANGE = (100..399)
-
-          private
-
-          def do_get_block(req, proxy, conn, &)
-            uri = req.header.request_uri
-            url = "#{uri.scheme}://#{uri.host}"
-            request_method = req.header.request_method
-
-            attributes = {
-              'http.method' => request_method,
-              'http.scheme' => uri.scheme,
-              'http.target' => uri.path,
-              'http.url' => url,
-              'net.peer.name' => uri.host,
-              'net.peer.port' => uri.port
-            }.merge!(OpenTelemetry::Common::HTTP::ClientContext.attributes)
-
-            tracer.in_span("HTTP #{request_method}", attributes: attributes, kind: :client) do |span|
-              OpenTelemetry.propagation.inject(req.header)
-              super.tap do
-                response = conn.pop
-                annotate_span_with_response!(span, response)
-                conn.push response
-              end
-            end
-          end
-
-          def annotate_span_with_response!(span, response)
-            return unless response&.status_code
-
-            status_code = response.status_code.to_i
-
-            span.set_attribute('http.status_code', status_code)
-            span.status = OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status.error unless HTTP_STATUS_SUCCESS_RANGE.cover?(status_code)
-          end
-
-          def tracer
-            HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance.tracer
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/client.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/client.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6113e8e5ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/client.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    module HttpClient
+      module Patches
+        module Dup
+          # Module to prepend to HTTPClient for instrumentation
+          module Client
+            # Constant for the HTTP status range
+            HTTP_STATUS_SUCCESS_RANGE = (100..399)
+
+            private
+
+            def do_get_block(req, proxy, conn, &)
+              uri = req.header.request_uri
+              url = "#{uri.scheme}://#{uri.host}"
+              request_method = req.header.request_method
+
+              attributes = {
+                'http.method' => request_method,
+                'http.scheme' => uri.scheme,
+                'http.target' => uri.path,
+                'http.url' => url,
+                'net.peer.name' => uri.host,
+                'net.peer.port' => uri.port,
+                # stable semantic conventions
+                'http.request.method' => request_method,
+                'url.scheme' => uri.scheme,
+                'url.path' => uri.path,
+                'url.full' => url,
+                'server.address' => uri.host,
+                'server.port' => uri.port
+              }.merge!(OpenTelemetry::Common::HTTP::ClientContext.attributes)
+
+              attributes['url.query'] = uri.query unless uri.query.nil?
+
+              tracer.in_span(request_method, attributes: attributes, kind: :client) do |span|
+                OpenTelemetry.propagation.inject(req.header)
+                super.tap do
+                  response = conn.pop
+                  annotate_span_with_response!(span, response)
+                  conn.push response
+                end
+              end
+            end
+
+            def annotate_span_with_response!(span, response)
+              return unless response&.status_code
+
+              status_code = response.status_code.to_i
+
+              span.set_attribute('http.status_code', status_code)
+              span.set_attribute('http.response.status_code', status_code)
+              span.status = OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status.error unless HTTP_STATUS_SUCCESS_RANGE.cover?(status_code)
+            end
+
+            def tracer
+              HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance.tracer
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/session.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/session.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..faa633e73b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/session.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    module HttpClient
+      module Patches
+        module Dup
+          # Module to prepend to HTTPClient::Session for instrumentation
+          module Session
+            def connect
+              site = @proxy || @dest
+              url = site.addr
+
+              attributes = { 'http.url' => url, 'url.full' => url }.merge!(OpenTelemetry::Common::HTTP::ClientContext.attributes)
+              tracer.in_span('CONNECT', attributes: attributes) do
+                super
+              end
+            end
+
+            private
+
+            def tracer
+              HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance.tracer
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/client.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/client.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6d15e6594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/client.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    module HttpClient
+      module Patches
+        module Old
+          # Module to prepend to HTTPClient for instrumentation
+          module Client
+            # Constant for the HTTP status range
+            HTTP_STATUS_SUCCESS_RANGE = (100..399)
+
+            private
+
+            def do_get_block(req, proxy, conn, &)
+              uri = req.header.request_uri
+              url = "#{uri.scheme}://#{uri.host}"
+              request_method = req.header.request_method
+
+              attributes = {
+                'http.method' => request_method,
+                'http.scheme' => uri.scheme,
+                'http.target' => uri.path,
+                'http.url' => url,
+                'net.peer.name' => uri.host,
+                'net.peer.port' => uri.port
+              }.merge!(OpenTelemetry::Common::HTTP::ClientContext.attributes)
+
+              tracer.in_span("HTTP #{request_method}", attributes: attributes, kind: :client) do |span|
+                OpenTelemetry.propagation.inject(req.header)
+                super.tap do
+                  response = conn.pop
+                  annotate_span_with_response!(span, response)
+                  conn.push response
+                end
+              end
+            end
+
+            def annotate_span_with_response!(span, response)
+              return unless response&.status_code
+
+              status_code = response.status_code.to_i
+
+              span.set_attribute('http.status_code', status_code)
+              span.status = OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status.error unless HTTP_STATUS_SUCCESS_RANGE.cover?(status_code)
+            end
+
+            def tracer
+              HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance.tracer
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/session.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/session.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7309f0a4d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/session.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    module HttpClient
+      module Patches
+        module Old
+          # Module to prepend to HTTPClient::Session for instrumentation
+          module Session
+            def connect
+              site = @proxy || @dest
+              url = site.addr
+
+              attributes = { 'http.url' => url }.merge!(OpenTelemetry::Common::HTTP::ClientContext.attributes)
+              tracer.in_span('HTTP CONNECT', attributes: attributes) do
+                super
+              end
+            end
+
+            private
+
+            def tracer
+              HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance.tracer
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/session.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/session.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7604dff4c4..0000000000
--- a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/session.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-module OpenTelemetry
-  module Instrumentation
-    module HttpClient
-      module Patches
-        # Module to prepend to HTTPClient::Session for instrumentation
-        module Session
-          def connect
-            site = @proxy || @dest
-            url = site.addr
-
-            attributes = { 'http.url' => url }.merge!(OpenTelemetry::Common::HTTP::ClientContext.attributes)
-            tracer.in_span('HTTP CONNECT', attributes: attributes) do
-              super
-            end
-          end
-
-          private
-
-          def tracer
-            HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance.tracer
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/client.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/client.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df2bee0846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/client.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    module HttpClient
+      module Patches
+        module Stable
+          # Module to prepend to HTTPClient for instrumentation
+          module Client
+            # Constant for the HTTP status range
+            HTTP_STATUS_SUCCESS_RANGE = (100..399)
+
+            private
+
+            def do_get_block(req, proxy, conn, &)
+              uri = req.header.request_uri
+              url = "#{uri.scheme}://#{uri.host}"
+              request_method = req.header.request_method
+
+              attributes = {
+                'http.request.method' => request_method,
+                'url.scheme' => uri.scheme,
+                'url.path' => uri.path,
+                'url.full' => url,
+                'server.address' => uri.host,
+                'server.port' => uri.port
+              }.merge!(OpenTelemetry::Common::HTTP::ClientContext.attributes)
+
+              attributes['url.query'] = uri.query unless uri.query.nil?
+
+              tracer.in_span(request_method, attributes: attributes, kind: :client) do |span|
+                OpenTelemetry.propagation.inject(req.header)
+                super.tap do
+                  response = conn.pop
+                  annotate_span_with_response!(span, response)
+                  conn.push response
+                end
+              end
+            end
+
+            def annotate_span_with_response!(span, response)
+              return unless response&.status_code
+
+              status_code = response.status_code.to_i
+
+              span.set_attribute('http.response.status_code', status_code)
+              span.status = OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status.error unless HTTP_STATUS_SUCCESS_RANGE.cover?(status_code)
+            end
+
+            def tracer
+              HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance.tracer
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/session.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/session.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea4c84389c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/session.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    module HttpClient
+      module Patches
+        module Stable
+          # Module to prepend to HTTPClient::Session for instrumentation
+          module Session
+            def connect
+              site = @proxy || @dest
+              url = site.addr
+
+              attributes = { 'url.full' => url }.merge!(OpenTelemetry::Common::HTTP::ClientContext.attributes)
+              tracer.in_span('CONNECT', attributes: attributes) do
+                super
+              end
+            end
+
+            private
+
+            def tracer
+              HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance.tracer
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/instrumentation_test.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/instrumentation_test.rb
index 424f078e43..7acceda421 100644
--- a/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/instrumentation_test.rb
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/instrumentation_test.rb
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient do
   let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance }
 
+  before { skip unless ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'].include?('old') }
+
   it 'has #name' do
     _(instrumentation.name).must_equal 'OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient'
   end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/client_test.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/client_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ed03d46c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/client_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client'
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/client'
+
+describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Patches::Dup::Client do
+  let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance }
+  let(:exporter) { EXPORTER }
+  let(:span) { exporter.finished_spans.first }
+
+  before do
+    skip unless ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'].include?('dup')
+
+    ENV['OTEL_SEMCONV_STABILITY_OPT_IN'] = 'http/dup'
+    exporter.reset
+    @orig_propagation = OpenTelemetry.propagation
+    propagator = OpenTelemetry::Trace::Propagation::TraceContext.text_map_propagator
+    OpenTelemetry.propagation = propagator
+    instrumentation.install({})
+    stub_request(:get, 'http://example.com/success').to_return(status: 200)
+    stub_request(:get, 'http://example.com/success?hello=there').to_return(status: 200)
+    stub_request(:post, 'http://example.com/failure').to_return(status: 500)
+    stub_request(:get, 'https://example.com/timeout').to_timeout
+  end
+
+  after do
+    # Force re-install of instrumentation
+    instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false)
+
+    OpenTelemetry.propagation = @orig_propagation
+  end
+
+  describe '#do_request' do
+    it 'traces a simple request' do
+      http = HTTPClient.new
+      http.receive_timeout = 1
+      http.get('http://example.com/success')
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal(1)
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['http.method']).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['http.scheme']).must_equal 'http'
+      _(span.attributes['http.status_code']).must_equal 200
+      _(span.attributes['http.target']).must_equal '/success'
+      _(span.attributes['net.peer.name']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['net.peer.port']).must_equal 80
+      # stable semantic conventions
+      _(span.attributes['http.request.method']).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['url.scheme']).must_equal 'http'
+      _(span.attributes['http.response.status_code']).must_equal 200
+      _(span.attributes['url.path']).must_equal '/success'
+      _(span.attributes['server.address']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['server.port']).must_equal 80
+      assert_requested(
+        :get,
+        'http://example.com/success',
+        headers: { 'Traceparent' => "00-#{span.hex_trace_id}-#{span.hex_span_id}-01" }
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'after request with failure code' do
+      http = HTTPClient.new
+      http.receive_timeout = 1
+      http.post('http://example.com/failure')
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal 1
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'POST'
+      _(span.attributes['http.method']).must_equal 'POST'
+      _(span.attributes['http.scheme']).must_equal 'http'
+      _(span.attributes['http.status_code']).must_equal 500
+      _(span.attributes['http.target']).must_equal '/failure'
+      _(span.attributes['net.peer.name']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['net.peer.port']).must_equal 80
+      # stable semantic conventions
+      _(span.attributes['http.request.method']).must_equal 'POST'
+      _(span.attributes['url.scheme']).must_equal 'http'
+      _(span.attributes['http.response.status_code']).must_equal 500
+      _(span.attributes['url.path']).must_equal '/failure'
+      _(span.attributes['server.address']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['server.port']).must_equal 80
+      assert_requested(
+        :post,
+        'http://example.com/failure',
+        headers: { 'Traceparent' => "00-#{span.hex_trace_id}-#{span.hex_span_id}-01" }
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'after request timeout' do
+      expect do
+        http = HTTPClient.new
+        http.receive_timeout = 1
+        http.get('https://example.com/timeout')
+      end.must_raise HTTPClient::TimeoutError
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal 1
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['http.method']).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['http.scheme']).must_equal 'https'
+      _(span.attributes['http.status_code']).must_be_nil
+      _(span.attributes['http.target']).must_equal '/timeout'
+      _(span.attributes['net.peer.name']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['net.peer.port']).must_equal 443
+      # stable semantic coventions
+      _(span.attributes['http.request.method']).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['url.scheme']).must_equal 'https'
+      _(span.attributes['http.response.status_code']).must_be_nil
+      _(span.attributes['url.path']).must_equal '/timeout'
+      _(span.attributes['server.address']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['server.port']).must_equal 443
+      _(span.status.code).must_equal(
+        OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
+      )
+      _(span.status.description).must_equal(
+        'Unhandled exception of type: HTTPClient::TimeoutError'
+      )
+      assert_requested(
+        :get,
+        'https://example.com/timeout',
+        headers: { 'Traceparent' => "00-#{span.hex_trace_id}-#{span.hex_span_id}-01" }
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'merges http client attributes' do
+      OpenTelemetry::Common::HTTP::ClientContext.with_attributes('peer.service' => 'foo') do
+        http = HTTPClient.new
+        http.receive_timeout = 1
+        http.get('http://example.com/success')
+      end
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal 1
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['http.method']).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['http.scheme']).must_equal 'http'
+      _(span.attributes['http.status_code']).must_equal 200
+      _(span.attributes['http.target']).must_equal '/success'
+      _(span.attributes['net.peer.name']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['net.peer.port']).must_equal 80
+      _(span.attributes['peer.service']).must_equal 'foo'
+      # stable semantic conventions
+      _(span.attributes['http.request.method']).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['url.scheme']).must_equal 'http'
+      _(span.attributes['http.response.status_code']).must_equal 200
+      _(span.attributes['url.path']).must_equal '/success'
+      _(span.attributes['server.address']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['server.port']).must_equal 80
+      _(span.attributes['peer.service']).must_equal 'foo'
+      assert_requested(
+        :get,
+        'http://example.com/success',
+        headers: { 'Traceparent' => "00-#{span.hex_trace_id}-#{span.hex_span_id}-01" }
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'merges http query attribute when present' do
+      http = HTTPClient.new
+      http.receive_timeout = 1
+      http.get('http://example.com/success?hello=there')
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal 1
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['url.path']).must_equal '/success'
+      _(span.attributes['url.query']).must_equal 'hello=there'
+      assert_requested(
+        :get,
+        'http://example.com/success?hello=there',
+        headers: { 'Traceparent' => "00-#{span.hex_trace_id}-#{span.hex_span_id}-01" }
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/session_test.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/session_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9bb1e6be0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/session_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client'
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/dup/session'
+
+describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Patches::Dup::Session do
+  let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance }
+  let(:exporter) { EXPORTER }
+  let(:span) { exporter.finished_spans.first }
+
+  before do
+    skip unless ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'].include?('dup')
+
+    ENV['OTEL_SEMCONV_STABILITY_OPT_IN'] = 'http/dup'
+    exporter.reset
+    instrumentation.install({})
+  end
+
+  # Force re-install of instrumentation
+  after { instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false) }
+
+  describe '#connect' do
+    it 'emits span on connect' do
+      WebMock.allow_net_connect!
+      TCPServer.open('localhost', 0) do |server|
+        Thread.start { server.accept }
+        port = server.addr[1]
+
+        assert_raises(HTTPClient::ReceiveTimeoutError) do
+          http = HTTPClient.new
+          http.receive_timeout = 0.01
+          http.get("http://username:password@localhost:#{port}/example")
+        end
+      end
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal(2)
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'CONNECT'
+      _(span.attributes['http.url']).must_match(%r{http://localhost:})
+      _(span.attributes['url.full']).must_match(%r{http://localhost:})
+    ensure
+      WebMock.disable_net_connect!
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/client_test.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/client_test.rb
similarity index 93%
rename from instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/client_test.rb
rename to instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/client_test.rb
index d71d2555c5..b008283091 100644
--- a/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/client_test.rb
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/client_test.rb
@@ -6,15 +6,17 @@
 
 require 'test_helper'
 
-require_relative '../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client'
-require_relative '../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/client'
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client'
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/client'
 
-describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Patches::Client do
+describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Patches::Old::Client do
   let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance }
   let(:exporter) { EXPORTER }
   let(:span) { exporter.finished_spans.first }
 
   before do
+    skip unless ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'].include?('old')
+
     exporter.reset
     @orig_propagation = OpenTelemetry.propagation
     propagator = OpenTelemetry::Trace::Propagation::TraceContext.text_map_propagator
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/session_test.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/session_test.rb
similarity index 78%
rename from instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/session_test.rb
rename to instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/session_test.rb
index d38bd7a721..73fadbd686 100644
--- a/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/session_test.rb
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/session_test.rb
@@ -6,15 +6,17 @@
 
 require 'test_helper'
 
-require_relative '../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client'
-require_relative '../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/session'
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client'
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/old/session'
 
-describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Patches::Session do
+describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Patches::Old::Session do
   let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance }
   let(:exporter) { EXPORTER }
   let(:span) { exporter.finished_spans.first }
 
   before do
+    skip unless ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'].include?('old')
+
     exporter.reset
     instrumentation.install({})
   end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/client_test.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/client_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fc41e6590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/client_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client'
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/client'
+
+describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Patches::Stable::Client do
+  let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance }
+  let(:exporter) { EXPORTER }
+  let(:span) { exporter.finished_spans.first }
+
+  before do
+    skip unless ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'].include?('stable')
+
+    ENV['OTEL_SEMCONV_STABILITY_OPT_IN'] = 'http'
+    exporter.reset
+    @orig_propagation = OpenTelemetry.propagation
+    propagator = OpenTelemetry::Trace::Propagation::TraceContext.text_map_propagator
+    OpenTelemetry.propagation = propagator
+    instrumentation.install({})
+    stub_request(:get, 'http://example.com/success').to_return(status: 200)
+    stub_request(:get, 'http://example.com/success?hello=there').to_return(status: 200)
+    stub_request(:post, 'http://example.com/failure').to_return(status: 500)
+    stub_request(:get, 'https://example.com/timeout').to_timeout
+  end
+
+  after do
+    # Force re-install of instrumentation
+    instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false)
+
+    OpenTelemetry.propagation = @orig_propagation
+  end
+
+  describe '#do_request' do
+    it 'traces a simple request' do
+      http = HTTPClient.new
+      http.receive_timeout = 1
+      http.get('http://example.com/success')
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal(1)
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['http.request.method']).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['url.scheme']).must_equal 'http'
+      _(span.attributes['http.response.status_code']).must_equal 200
+      _(span.attributes['url.path']).must_equal '/success'
+      _(span.attributes['server.address']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['server.port']).must_equal 80
+      assert_requested(
+        :get,
+        'http://example.com/success',
+        headers: { 'Traceparent' => "00-#{span.hex_trace_id}-#{span.hex_span_id}-01" }
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'after request with failure code' do
+      http = HTTPClient.new
+      http.receive_timeout = 1
+      http.post('http://example.com/failure')
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal 1
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'POST'
+      _(span.attributes['http.request.method']).must_equal 'POST'
+      _(span.attributes['url.scheme']).must_equal 'http'
+      _(span.attributes['http.response.status_code']).must_equal 500
+      _(span.attributes['url.path']).must_equal '/failure'
+      _(span.attributes['server.address']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['server.port']).must_equal 80
+      assert_requested(
+        :post,
+        'http://example.com/failure',
+        headers: { 'Traceparent' => "00-#{span.hex_trace_id}-#{span.hex_span_id}-01" }
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'after request timeout' do
+      expect do
+        http = HTTPClient.new
+        http.receive_timeout = 1
+        http.get('https://example.com/timeout')
+      end.must_raise HTTPClient::TimeoutError
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal 1
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['http.request.method']).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['url.scheme']).must_equal 'https'
+      _(span.attributes['http.response.status_code']).must_be_nil
+      _(span.attributes['url.path']).must_equal '/timeout'
+      _(span.attributes['server.address']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['server.port']).must_equal 443
+      _(span.status.code).must_equal(
+        OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR
+      )
+      _(span.status.description).must_equal(
+        'Unhandled exception of type: HTTPClient::TimeoutError'
+      )
+      assert_requested(
+        :get,
+        'https://example.com/timeout',
+        headers: { 'Traceparent' => "00-#{span.hex_trace_id}-#{span.hex_span_id}-01" }
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'merges http client attributes' do
+      OpenTelemetry::Common::HTTP::ClientContext.with_attributes('peer.service' => 'foo') do
+        http = HTTPClient.new
+        http.receive_timeout = 1
+        http.get('http://example.com/success')
+      end
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal 1
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['http.request.method']).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['url.scheme']).must_equal 'http'
+      _(span.attributes['http.response.status_code']).must_equal 200
+      _(span.attributes['url.path']).must_equal '/success'
+      _(span.attributes['server.address']).must_equal 'example.com'
+      _(span.attributes['server.port']).must_equal 80
+      _(span.attributes['peer.service']).must_equal 'foo'
+      assert_requested(
+        :get,
+        'http://example.com/success',
+        headers: { 'Traceparent' => "00-#{span.hex_trace_id}-#{span.hex_span_id}-01" }
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'merges http query attribute when present' do
+      http = HTTPClient.new
+      http.receive_timeout = 1
+      http.get('http://example.com/success?hello=there')
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal 1
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'GET'
+      _(span.attributes['url.path']).must_equal '/success'
+      _(span.attributes['url.query']).must_equal 'hello=there'
+      assert_requested(
+        :get,
+        'http://example.com/success?hello=there',
+        headers: { 'Traceparent' => "00-#{span.hex_trace_id}-#{span.hex_span_id}-01" }
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/session_test.rb b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/session_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..749c9eb4f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/http_client/test/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/session_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client'
+require_relative '../../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/http_client/patches/stable/session'
+
+describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Patches::Stable::Session do
+  let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::HttpClient::Instrumentation.instance }
+  let(:exporter) { EXPORTER }
+  let(:span) { exporter.finished_spans.first }
+
+  before do
+    skip unless ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'].include?('stable')
+
+    ENV['OTEL_SEMCONV_STABILITY_OPT_IN'] = 'http'
+    exporter.reset
+    instrumentation.install({})
+  end
+
+  # Force re-install of instrumentation
+  after { instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false) }
+
+  describe '#connect' do
+    it 'emits span on connect' do
+      WebMock.allow_net_connect!
+      TCPServer.open('localhost', 0) do |server|
+        Thread.start { server.accept }
+        port = server.addr[1]
+
+        assert_raises(HTTPClient::ReceiveTimeoutError) do
+          http = HTTPClient.new
+          http.receive_timeout = 0.01
+          http.get("http://username:password@localhost:#{port}/example")
+        end
+      end
+
+      _(exporter.finished_spans.size).must_equal(2)
+      _(span.name).must_equal 'CONNECT'
+      _(span.attributes['url.full']).must_match(%r{http://localhost:})
+    ensure
+      WebMock.disable_net_connect!
+    end
+  end
+end