diff --git a/experimental/CHANGELOG.md b/experimental/CHANGELOG.md
index 1d2b03b1032..0a9da2b72cc 100644
--- a/experimental/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/experimental/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ For notes on migrating to 2.x / 0.200.x see [the upgrade guide](doc/upgrade-to-2
 ### :rocket: Features
 
 * feat(instrumentation): allow error of safeExecuteInTheMiddleAsync to be async [#6032](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/6032) @JPeer264
+* feat(opentelemetry-config): add backups for compression, timeout, headers [#6058](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/6058) @JamieDanielson
 
 ### :bug: Bug Fixes
 
diff --git a/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-configuration/src/EnvironmentConfigProvider.ts b/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-configuration/src/EnvironmentConfigProvider.ts
index cab3d3b7348..6406612a869 100644
--- a/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-configuration/src/EnvironmentConfigProvider.ts
+++ b/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-configuration/src/EnvironmentConfigProvider.ts
@@ -240,19 +240,23 @@ export function setTracerProvider(config: ConfigurationModel): void {
       batch.exporter.otlp_http.client_certificate_file = clientCertificateFile;
     }
 
-    const compression = getStringFromEnv(
-      'OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_COMPRESSION'
-    );
+    const compression =
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_COMPRESSION') ??
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_COMPRESSION');
     if (compression && batch.exporter.otlp_http) {
       batch.exporter.otlp_http.compression = compression;
     }
 
-    const timeout = getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_TIMEOUT');
+    const timeout =
+      getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_TIMEOUT') ??
+      getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TIMEOUT');
     if (timeout && batch.exporter.otlp_http) {
       batch.exporter.otlp_http.timeout = timeout;
     }
 
-    const headersList = getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_HEADERS');
+    const headersList =
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_HEADERS') ??
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS');
     if (headersList && batch.exporter.otlp_http) {
       batch.exporter.otlp_http.headers_list = headersList;
     }
@@ -314,19 +318,23 @@ export function setMeterProvider(config: ConfigurationModel): void {
         clientCertificateFile;
     }
 
-    const compression = getStringFromEnv(
-      'OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_COMPRESSION'
-    );
+    const compression =
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_COMPRESSION') ??
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_COMPRESSION');
     if (compression) {
       readerPeriodic.exporter.otlp_http.compression = compression;
     }
 
-    const timeoutEx = getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TIMEOUT');
+    const timeoutEx =
+      getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TIMEOUT') ??
+      getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TIMEOUT');
     if (timeoutEx) {
       readerPeriodic.exporter.otlp_http.timeout = timeoutEx;
     }
 
-    const headersList = getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_HEADERS');
+    const headersList =
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_HEADERS') ??
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS');
     if (headersList) {
       readerPeriodic.exporter.otlp_http.headers_list = headersList;
     }
@@ -478,17 +486,23 @@ export function setLoggerProvider(config: ConfigurationModel): void {
       batch.exporter.otlp_http.client_certificate_file = clientCertificateFile;
     }
 
-    const compression = getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_COMPRESSION');
+    const compression =
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_COMPRESSION') ??
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_COMPRESSION');
     if (compression && batch.exporter.otlp_http) {
       batch.exporter.otlp_http.compression = compression;
     }
 
-    const timeout = getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_TIMEOUT');
+    const timeout =
+      getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_TIMEOUT') ??
+      getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TIMEOUT');
     if (timeout && batch.exporter.otlp_http) {
       batch.exporter.otlp_http.timeout = timeout;
     }
 
-    const headersList = getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_HEADERS');
+    const headersList =
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_HEADERS') ??
+      getStringFromEnv('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS');
     if (headersList && batch.exporter.otlp_http) {
       batch.exporter.otlp_http.headers_list = headersList;
     }
diff --git a/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-configuration/test/ConfigProvider.test.ts b/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-configuration/test/ConfigProvider.test.ts
index bc686dea062..2c3d6050075 100644
--- a/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-configuration/test/ConfigProvider.test.ts
+++ b/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-configuration/test/ConfigProvider.test.ts
@@ -1064,14 +1064,16 @@ describe('ConfigProvider', function () {
       );
     });
 
-    it('should use backup option for certificates', function () {
+    it('should use backup options for exporters', function () {
       process.env.OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_CERTIFICATE =
         'backup_certificate_file.pem';
       process.env.OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_CLIENT_KEY = 'backup_client_key.pem';
       process.env.OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE =
         'backup_client_certificate.pem';
       process.env.OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT = 'http://backup.com:4318';
-
+      process.env.OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_COMPRESSION = 'backup_compression';
+      process.env.OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TIMEOUT = '12000';
+      process.env.OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS = 'backup_headers=123';
       const expectedConfig: Configuration = {
         ...defaultConfig,
         tracer_provider: {
@@ -1082,11 +1084,13 @@ describe('ConfigProvider', function () {
                 exporter: {
                   otlp_http: {
                     endpoint: 'http://backup.com:4318/v1/traces',
-                    timeout: 10000,
+                    timeout: 12000,
+                    compression: 'backup_compression',
                     encoding: OtlpHttpEncoding.Protobuf,
                     certificate_file: 'backup_certificate_file.pem',
                     client_certificate_file: 'backup_client_certificate.pem',
                     client_key_file: 'backup_client_key.pem',
+                    headers_list: 'backup_headers=123',
                   },
                 },
               },
@@ -1105,7 +1109,8 @@ describe('ConfigProvider', function () {
                 exporter: {
                   otlp_http: {
                     endpoint: 'http://backup.com:4318/v1/metrics',
-                    timeout: 10000,
+                    timeout: 12000,
+                    compression: 'backup_compression',
                     temporality_preference:
                       ExporterTemporalityPreference.Cumulative,
                     default_histogram_aggregation:
@@ -1113,6 +1118,7 @@ describe('ConfigProvider', function () {
                     certificate_file: 'backup_certificate_file.pem',
                     client_certificate_file: 'backup_client_certificate.pem',
                     client_key_file: 'backup_client_key.pem',
+                    headers_list: 'backup_headers=123',
                   },
                 },
               },
@@ -1131,11 +1137,13 @@ describe('ConfigProvider', function () {
                 exporter: {
                   otlp_http: {
                     endpoint: 'http://backup.com:4318/v1/logs',
-                    timeout: 10000,
+                    timeout: 12000,
+                    compression: 'backup_compression',
                     encoding: OtlpHttpEncoding.Protobuf,
                     certificate_file: 'backup_certificate_file.pem',
                     client_certificate_file: 'backup_client_certificate.pem',
                     client_key_file: 'backup_client_key.pem',
+                    headers_list: 'backup_headers=123',
                   },
                 },
               },