diff --git a/declarative-config-bridge/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider.java b/declarative-config-bridge/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider.java
index f228934b55bc..9497f8875077 100644
--- a/declarative-config-bridge/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider.java
+++ b/declarative-config-bridge/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider.java
@@ -5,9 +5,12 @@
 
 package io.opentelemetry.instrumentation.config.bridge;
 
+import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.incubator.config.ConfigProvider;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.incubator.config.DeclarativeConfigProperties;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.autoconfigure.spi.ConfigProperties;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
  * A {@link ConfigProvider} implementation backed by {@link ConfigProperties}.
@@ -20,13 +23,33 @@ public final class ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider implements ConfigProvide
   private final DeclarativeConfigProperties instrumentationConfig;
 
   public static ConfigProvider create(ConfigProperties configProperties) {
-    return new ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider(configProperties);
+    return new ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider(
+        ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties.createInstrumentationConfig(
+            configProperties));
   }
 
-  private ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider(ConfigProperties configProperties) {
-    this.instrumentationConfig =
-        ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties.createInstrumentationConfig(
-            configProperties);
+  public static Builder builder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
+  private ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider(DeclarativeConfigProperties instrumentationConfig) {
+    this.instrumentationConfig = instrumentationConfig;
+  }
+
+  public static final class Builder {
+    private final Map<String, String> mappings = new HashMap<>();
+
+    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+    public Builder addMapping(String declarativeProperty, String configProperty) {
+      mappings.put(declarativeProperty, configProperty);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public ConfigProvider build(ConfigProperties configProperties) {
+      return new ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider(
+          ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties.createInstrumentationConfig(
+              configProperties, mappings));
+    }
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/declarative-config-bridge/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties.java b/declarative-config-bridge/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties.java
index 3a0f042ffe70..91367aa33931 100644
--- a/declarative-config-bridge/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties.java
+++ b/declarative-config-bridge/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties.java
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 package io.opentelemetry.instrumentation.config.bridge;
 
 import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyMap;
 import static java.util.Collections.emptySet;
 
 import io.opentelemetry.api.incubator.config.DeclarativeConfigProperties;
@@ -97,16 +98,26 @@ public final class ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties
 
   private final ConfigProperties configProperties;
   private final List<String> path;
+  private final Map<String, String> mappings;
 
   public static DeclarativeConfigProperties createInstrumentationConfig(
       ConfigProperties configProperties) {
-    return new ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties(configProperties, emptyList());
+    return createInstrumentationConfig(configProperties, emptyMap());
+  }
+
+  public static DeclarativeConfigProperties createInstrumentationConfig(
+      ConfigProperties configProperties, Map<String, String> mappings) {
+    Map<String, String> mergedMappings = new HashMap<>(SPECIAL_MAPPINGS);
+    mergedMappings.putAll(mappings);
+    return new ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties(
+        configProperties, emptyList(), mergedMappings);
   }
 
   private ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties(
-      ConfigProperties configProperties, List<String> path) {
+      ConfigProperties configProperties, List<String> path, Map<String, String> mappings) {
     this.configProperties = configProperties;
     this.path = path;
+    this.mappings = mappings;
   }
 
   @Nullable
@@ -165,7 +176,8 @@ public Double getDouble(String name) {
   public DeclarativeConfigProperties getStructured(String name) {
     List<String> newPath = new ArrayList<>(path);
     newPath.add(name);
-    return new ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties(configProperties, newPath);
+    return new ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties(
+        configProperties, newPath, mappings);
   }
 
   @Nullable
@@ -211,7 +223,7 @@ private String resolvePropertyKey(String name) {
     String fullPath = pathWithName(name);
 
     // Check explicit property mappings first
-    String mappedKey = SPECIAL_MAPPINGS.get(fullPath);
+    String mappedKey = mappings.get(fullPath);
     if (mappedKey != null) {
       return mappedKey;
     }
diff --git a/declarative-config-bridge/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProviderTest.java b/declarative-config-bridge/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProviderTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4e3c37a14109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/declarative-config-bridge/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProviderTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+package io.opentelemetry.instrumentation.config.bridge;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import io.opentelemetry.api.incubator.config.ConfigProvider;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.incubator.config.DeclarativeConfigProperties;
+import io.opentelemetry.sdk.autoconfigure.spi.internal.DefaultConfigProperties;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProviderTest {
+  @Test
+  void testBuilderWithMappings() {
+    Map<String, String> properties = new HashMap<>();
+    properties.put("my.custom.property", "custom-value");
+
+    // ConfigProperties has "my.custom.property"
+    // We want to map declarative "my.declarative.prop" to "my.custom.property"
+
+    ConfigProvider provider =
+        ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider.builder()
+            .addMapping("my.declarative.prop", "my.custom.property")
+            .build(DefaultConfigProperties.createFromMap(properties));
+
+    DeclarativeConfigProperties config = provider.getInstrumentationConfig();
+
+    // DeclarativeConfigProperties structure lookup
+    // pathWithName("my.declarative.prop") should map to "my.custom.property"
+    // However, structure is hierarchical.
+    // getStructured("my").getStructured("declarative").getString("prop") ->
+    // "my.declarative.prop"
+
+    assertThat(config.getStructured("my").getStructured("declarative").getString("prop"))
+        .isEqualTo("custom-value");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testCreateUsesDefaults() {
+    // Verify that create() still supports the default mappings (e.g.
+    // otel.instrumentation...)
+    // e.g. "java.common.http.known_methods" ->
+    // "otel.instrumentation.http.known-methods"
+
+    Map<String, String> properties = new HashMap<>();
+    properties.put("otel.instrumentation.http.known-methods", "GET,POST");
+
+    ConfigProvider provider =
+        ConfigPropertiesBackedConfigProvider.create(
+            DefaultConfigProperties.createFromMap(properties));
+
+    DeclarativeConfigProperties config = provider.getInstrumentationConfig();
+
+    assertThat(
+            config
+                .getStructured("java")
+                .getStructured("common")
+                .getStructured("http")
+                .getString("known_methods"))
+        .isEqualTo("GET,POST");
+  }
+}
diff --git a/declarative-config-bridge/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigPropertiesTest.java b/declarative-config-bridge/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigPropertiesTest.java
index 92176a14d2f2..1410069d2204 100644
--- a/declarative-config-bridge/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigPropertiesTest.java
+++ b/declarative-config-bridge/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/instrumentation/config/bridge/ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigPropertiesTest.java
@@ -99,6 +99,28 @@ void testGeneralHttpListMapping() {
         .containsExactly("header1", "header2");
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void testCustomMappingsIncludeSpecialMappings() {
+    Map<String, String> properties = new HashMap<>();
+    properties.put("otel.custom.enabled", "true");
+    properties.put("otel.instrumentation.http.client.capture-request-headers", "header1,header2");
+    Map<String, String> customMappings = new HashMap<>();
+    customMappings.put("java.custom.enabled", "otel.custom.enabled");
+
+    DeclarativeConfigProperties config =
+        ConfigPropertiesBackedDeclarativeConfigProperties.createInstrumentationConfig(
+            DefaultConfigProperties.createFromMap(properties), customMappings);
+
+    assertThat(config.getStructured("java").getStructured("custom").getBoolean("enabled")).isTrue();
+    assertThat(
+            config
+                .getStructured("general")
+                .getStructured("http")
+                .getStructured("client")
+                .getScalarList("request_captured_headers", String.class))
+        .containsExactly("header1", "header2");
+  }
+
   @Test
   void testJavaCommonServicePeerMapping() {
     DeclarativeConfigProperties config =