diff --git a/opentelemetry-dotnet-contrib.slnx b/opentelemetry-dotnet-contrib.slnx
index 09641c23d3..cd5441eab5 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-dotnet-contrib.slnx
+++ b/opentelemetry-dotnet-contrib.slnx
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@
     <File Path="src/Shared/RedactionHelper.cs" />
     <File Path="src/Shared/RequestDataHelper.cs" />
     <File Path="src/Shared/ResourceSemanticConventions.cs" />
+    <File Path="src/Shared/RpcSemanticConventionHelper.cs" />
     <File Path="src/Shared/SemanticConventions.cs" />
     <File Path="src/Shared/ServerCertificateValidationHandler.cs" />
     <File Path="src/Shared/ServerCertificateValidationProvider.cs" />
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/AspNetCoreTraceInstrumentationOptions.cs b/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/AspNetCoreTraceInstrumentationOptions.cs
index 47b7688e28..f256e0c9e8 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/AspNetCoreTraceInstrumentationOptions.cs
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/AspNetCoreTraceInstrumentationOptions.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
 using OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore.Implementation;
+using static OpenTelemetry.Internal.RpcSemanticConventionHelper;
 
 namespace OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore;
 
@@ -38,6 +39,10 @@ internal AspNetCoreTraceInstrumentationOptions(IConfiguration configuration)
         {
             this.DisableUrlQueryRedaction = disableUrlQueryRedaction;
         }
+
+        var rpcSemanticConvention = GetSemanticConventionOptIn(configuration);
+        this.EmitOldRpcAttributes = rpcSemanticConvention.HasFlag(RpcSemanticConvention.Old);
+        this.EmitNewRpcAttributes = rpcSemanticConvention.HasFlag(RpcSemanticConvention.New);
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -115,7 +120,7 @@ internal AspNetCoreTraceInstrumentationOptions(IConfiguration configuration)
     /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether RPC attributes are added to an Activity when using Grpc.AspNetCore.
     /// </summary>
     /// <remarks>
-    /// https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/main/docs/rpc/rpc-spans.md.
+    /// https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/v1.41.0/docs/rpc/rpc-spans.md.
     /// </remarks>
     internal bool EnableGrpcAspNetCoreSupport { get; set; }
 
@@ -128,4 +133,14 @@ internal AspNetCoreTraceInstrumentationOptions(IConfiguration configuration)
     /// The redaction can be disabled by setting this property to <see langword="true" />.
     /// </remarks>
     internal bool DisableUrlQueryRedaction { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the old RPC attributes should be emitted.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal bool EmitOldRpcAttributes { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the new RPC attributes should be emitted.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal bool EmitNewRpcAttributes { get; set; }
 }
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/CHANGELOG.md b/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/CHANGELOG.md
index 720f970516..6d8942fe82 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@
 * Fix enrich methods being called multiple times.
   ([#4015](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet-contrib/pull/4015))
 
+* Add support for version [1.41.0](https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/v1.41.0/docs/rpc/README.md)
+  of the Semantic Conventions for RPC/gRPC when the `OTEL_SEMCONV_STABILITY_OPT_IN`
+  environment variable is set to `rpc` or `rpc/dup`.
+  ([#4370](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet-contrib/pull/4370))
+
 ## 1.15.2
 
 Released 2026-Apr-21
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/Implementation/HttpInListener.cs b/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/Implementation/HttpInListener.cs
index b68439c930..93f78a1424 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/Implementation/HttpInListener.cs
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/Implementation/HttpInListener.cs
@@ -295,7 +295,14 @@ public void OnStopActivity(Activity activity, object? payload)
 
                 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(grpcMethod))
                 {
-                    AddGrpcAttributes(activity, grpcMethod!, context, grpcStatusCode, hasGrpcStatusCode);
+                    AddGrpcAttributes(
+                        activity,
+                        grpcMethod!,
+                        context,
+                        grpcStatusCode,
+                        hasGrpcStatusCode,
+                        this.options.EmitOldRpcAttributes,
+                        this.options.EmitNewRpcAttributes);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -382,7 +389,14 @@ static bool TryFetchException(object? payload, [NotNullWhen(true)] out Exception
     }
 
     [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-    private static void AddGrpcAttributes(Activity activity, string grpcMethod, HttpContext context, int grpcStatusCode, bool validStatusCode)
+    private static void AddGrpcAttributes(
+        Activity activity,
+        string grpcMethod,
+        HttpContext context,
+        int grpcStatusCode,
+        bool validStatusCode,
+        bool emitOldRpcAttributes,
+        bool emitNewRpcAttributes)
     {
         var details = GrpcMethodCache.Get(grpcMethod);
 
@@ -391,16 +405,33 @@ private static void AddGrpcAttributes(Activity activity, string grpcMethod, Http
         // https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/main/docs/rpc/rpc-spans.md#span-name
         activity.DisplayName = details.DisplayName;
 
-        activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeRpcSystem, GrpcTagHelper.RpcSystemGrpc);
+        // See the specs for old and new semantic conventions.
+        // https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/v1.23.0/docs/rpc/rpc-spans.md
+        // https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/v1.41.0/docs/rpc/rpc-spans.md
 
-        // see the spec https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/v1.23.0/docs/rpc/rpc-spans.md
-
-        if (context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress != null)
+        if (emitOldRpcAttributes)
         {
-            activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeClientAddress, context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString());
+            activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeRpcSystem, GrpcTagHelper.RpcSystemGrpc);
+
+            if (context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress != null)
+            {
+                activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeClientAddress, context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString());
+            }
+
+            activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeClientPort, context.Connection.RemotePort);
         }
 
-        activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeClientPort, context.Connection.RemotePort);
+        if (emitNewRpcAttributes)
+        {
+            activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeRpcSystemName, GrpcTagHelper.RpcSystemGrpc);
+
+            if (context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress != null)
+            {
+                activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeNetworkPeerAddress, context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString());
+            }
+
+            activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeNetworkPeerPort, context.Connection.RemotePort);
+        }
 
         if (validStatusCode)
         {
@@ -409,20 +440,31 @@ private static void AddGrpcAttributes(Activity activity, string grpcMethod, Http
 
         if (details.IsParsed)
         {
-            activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeRpcService, details.RpcService);
+            if (emitOldRpcAttributes)
+            {
+                activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeRpcService, details.RpcService);
+            }
+
             activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeRpcMethod, details.RpcMethod);
 
-            // Remove the grpc.method tag added by the gRPC .NET library
+            // See https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/v1.41.0/docs/non-normative/compatibility/grpc.md#attribute-mapping
             activity.SetTag(GrpcTagHelper.GrpcMethodTagName, null);
-
-            // Remove the grpc.status_code tag added by the gRPC .NET library
+            activity.SetTag(GrpcTagHelper.GrpcStatusTagName, null);
             activity.SetTag(GrpcTagHelper.GrpcStatusCodeTagName, null);
+            activity.SetTag(GrpcTagHelper.GrpcTargetTagName, null);
+        }
 
-            if (validStatusCode)
+        if (validStatusCode)
+        {
+            if (emitOldRpcAttributes)
             {
-                // setting rpc.grpc.status_code
                 activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeRpcGrpcStatusCode, grpcStatusCode);
             }
+
+            if (emitNewRpcAttributes)
+            {
+                activity.SetTag(SemanticConventions.AttributeRpcResponseStatusCode, grpcStatusCode);
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore.csproj b/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore.csproj
index eaca258988..17b3a54116 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore.csproj
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore.csproj
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
     <Compile Include="$(RepoRoot)\src\Shared\PropertyFetcher.cs" Link="Includes\PropertyFetcher.cs" />
     <Compile Include="$(RepoRoot)\src\Shared\RedactionHelper.cs" Link="Includes\RedactionHelper.cs" />
     <Compile Include="$(RepoRoot)\src\Shared\RequestDataHelper.cs" Link="Includes\RequestDataHelper.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="$(RepoRoot)\src\Shared\RpcSemanticConventionHelper.cs" Link="Includes\RpcSemanticConventionHelper.cs" />
     <Compile Include="$(RepoRoot)\src\Shared\SemanticConventions.cs" Link="Includes\SemanticConventions.cs" />
     <Compile Include="$(RepoRoot)\src\Shared\SpanHelper.cs" Link="Includes\SpanHelper.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/README.md b/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/README.md
index 94d4312334..f10ad11c5c 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/README.md
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore/README.md
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ appBuilder.Services.AddOpenTelemetry()
 ```
 
  Semantic conventions for RPC are still
- [experimental](https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/tree/main/docs/rpc)
+ [experimental](https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/tree/main/docs/rpc#semantic-conventions-for-rpc)
  and hence the instrumentation only offers it as an experimental feature.
 
 ## Troubleshooting
diff --git a/src/Shared/GrpcTagHelper.cs b/src/Shared/GrpcTagHelper.cs
index 7b17a1b74f..4d12129797 100644
--- a/src/Shared/GrpcTagHelper.cs
+++ b/src/Shared/GrpcTagHelper.cs
@@ -13,8 +13,11 @@ internal static class GrpcTagHelper
 
     // The Grpc.Net.Client library adds its own tags to the activity.
     // These tags are used to source the tags added by the OpenTelemetry instrumentation.
+    // See https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/v1.41.0/docs/non-normative/compatibility/grpc.md#attribute-mapping
     public const string GrpcMethodTagName = "grpc.method";
+    public const string GrpcStatusTagName = "grpc.status";
     public const string GrpcStatusCodeTagName = "grpc.status_code";
+    public const string GrpcTargetTagName = "grpc.target";
 
     public static string? GetGrpcMethodFromActivity(Activity activity)
         => activity.GetTagValue(GrpcMethodTagName) as string;
@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ public static ActivityStatusCode ResolveSpanStatusForGrpcStatusCodeOnClient(int
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Helper method that populates span properties from RPC status code according
-    /// to https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/main/docs/rpc/grpc.md#server.
+    /// to https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/v1.41.0/docs/rpc/grpc.md.
     /// This method is for server spans where only specific status codes are considered errors:
     /// UNKNOWN, DEADLINE_EXCEEDED, UNIMPLEMENTED, INTERNAL, UNAVAILABLE, and DATA_LOSS.
     /// </summary>
diff --git a/src/Shared/RpcSemanticConventionHelper.cs b/src/Shared/RpcSemanticConventionHelper.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e20f5f7ee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Shared/RpcSemanticConventionHelper.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
+
+namespace OpenTelemetry.Internal;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Helper class for RPC Semantic Conventions.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Due to a breaking change in the semantic conventions, affected instrumentation libraries
+/// must inspect an environment variable to determine which attributes to emit.
+/// This is expected to be removed when the instrumentation libraries reach Stable.
+/// <see href="https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/v1.23.0/docs/rpc/rpc-spans.md"/>.
+/// <see href="https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/v1.41.0/docs/rpc/rpc-spans.md"/>.
+/// </remarks>
+internal static class RpcSemanticConventionHelper
+{
+    internal const string SemanticConventionOptInKeyName = "OTEL_SEMCONV_STABILITY_OPT_IN";
+    internal static readonly char[] Separator = [',', ' '];
+
+    [Flags]
+    internal enum RpcSemanticConvention
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Instructs an instrumentation library to emit the old experimental RPC attributes.
+        /// </summary>
+        Old = 0x1,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Instructs an instrumentation library to emit the new, v1.23.0 RPC attributes.
+        /// </summary>
+        New = 0x2,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Instructs an instrumentation library to emit both the old and new attributes.
+        /// </summary>
+        Dupe = Old | New,
+    }
+
+    public static RpcSemanticConvention GetSemanticConventionOptIn(IConfiguration configuration)
+    {
+        if (TryGetConfiguredValues(configuration, out var values))
+        {
+            if (values.Contains("rpc/dup"))
+            {
+                return RpcSemanticConvention.Dupe;
+            }
+            else if (values.Contains("rpc"))
+            {
+                return RpcSemanticConvention.New;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return RpcSemanticConvention.Old;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryGetConfiguredValues(IConfiguration configuration, [NotNullWhen(true)] out HashSet<string>? values)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var stringValue = configuration[SemanticConventionOptInKeyName];
+
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(stringValue))
+            {
+                values = null;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+#pragma warning disable IDE0370 // Suppression is unnecessary
+            var stringValues = stringValue!.Split(separator: Separator, options: StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
+#pragma warning restore IDE0370 // Suppression is unnecessary
+            values = new HashSet<string>(stringValues, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            values = null;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}